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The Ustilago maydis null mutant strains of the RNA-binding protein UmRrm75 accumulate hydrogen peroxide and melanin. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10813. [PMID: 31346214 PMCID: PMC6658566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ustilago maydis is a dimorphic fungus that has emerged as a model organism for the study of fungal phytopathogenicity and RNA biology. In a previous study, we isolated the U. maydis UmRrm75 gene. The deletion of the UmRrm75 gene affected morphogenesis and pathogenicity. UmRrm75 gene encodes a protein containing three RNA recognition motifs. Here we determined that UmRrm75 has chaperone activity in Escherichia coli using the transcription anti-termination assay. Subsequently, we analyzed the growth of ΔUmRrm75 mutants at 15 °C and 37 °C, observing that mutant strains had reduced growth in comparison to parental strains. UmRrm75 gene expression was induced under these non-optimal temperatures. ΔUmRrm75 mutant colonies displayed a dark-brown color at 28 °C, which was confirmed to be melanin based on spectroscopic analysis and spectrometric data. Furthermore, ΔUmRrm75 mutant strains showed the presence of peroxisomes, and increased H2O2 levels, even at 28 °C. The ΔUmRrm75 mutant strains displayed a higher expression of redox-sensor UmYap1 gene and increased catalase activity than the parental strains. Our data show that deletion of the UmRrm75 gene results in higher levels of H2O2, increased melanin content, and abiotic stress sensitivity.
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Crespo R, Juárez MP, Cafferata LFR. Biochemical interaction between entomopathogenous fungi and their insect-host-like hydrocarbons. Mycologia 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2000.12061189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Crespo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, calles 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - M. Patricia Juárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, calles 60 y 120, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Lázaro F. R. Cafferata
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Ladecor, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, calles 47 y 115, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
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Kawałek A, Lefevre SD, Veenhuis M, van der Klei IJ. Peroxisomal catalase deficiency modulates yeast lifespan depending on growth conditions. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:67-83. [PMID: 23425686 PMCID: PMC3616232 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We studied the role of peroxisomal catalase in chronological aging of the yeastHansenula polymorpha in relation to various growth substrates. Catalase-deficient (cat) cells showed a similar chronological life span (CLS) relative to the wild-type control upon growth on carbon and nitrogen sources that are not oxidized by peroxisomal enzymes. However, when media contained methylamine, which is oxidized by peroxisomal amine oxidase, the CLS of cat cells was significantly reduced. Conversely, the CLS of cat cells was enhanced relative to the wild-type control, when cells were grown on methanol, which is oxidized by peroxisomal alcohol oxidase. At these conditions strongly enhanced ROS levels were observed during the exponential growth phase of cat cells. This was paralleled by activation of the transcription factor Yap1, as well as an increase in the levels of the antioxidant enzymes cytochrome c peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Upon deletion of the genes encoding Yap1 or cytochrome c peroxidase, the CLS extension of cat cells on methanol was abolished. These findings reveal for the first time an important role of enhanced cytochrome c peroxidase levels in yeast CLS extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kawałek
- Molecular Cell Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Kumar S, Lefevre SD, Veenhuis M, van der Klei IJ. Extension of yeast chronological lifespan by methylamine. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48982. [PMID: 23133668 PMCID: PMC3487785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronological aging of yeast cells is commonly used as a model for aging of human post-mitotic cells. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on glucose in the presence of ammonium sulphate is mainly used in yeast aging research. We have analyzed chronological aging of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha grown at conditions that require primary peroxisome metabolism for growth. Methodology/Principal Findings The chronological lifespan of H. polymorpha is strongly enhanced when cells are grown on methanol or ethanol, metabolized by peroxisome enzymes, relative to growth on glucose that does not require peroxisomes. The short lifespan of H. polymorpha on glucose is mainly due to medium acidification, whereas most likely ROS do not play an important role. Growth of cells on methanol/methylamine instead of methanol/ammonium sulphate resulted in further lifespan enhancement. This was unrelated to medium acidification. We show that oxidation of methylamine by peroxisomal amine oxidase at carbon starvation conditions is responsible for lifespan extension. The methylamine oxidation product formaldehyde is further oxidized resulting in NADH generation, which contributes to increased ATP generation and reduction of ROS levels in the stationary phase. Conclusion/Significance We conclude that primary peroxisome metabolism enhanced chronological lifespan of H. polymorpha. Moreover, the possibility to generate NADH at carbon starvation conditions by an organic nitrogen source supports further extension of the lifespan of the cell. Consequently, the interpretation of CLS analyses in yeast should include possible effects on the energy status of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Molecular Cell Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Sakai S, Nishide T, Munir E, Baba K, Inui H, Nakano Y, Hattori T, Shimada M. Subcellular localization of glyoxylate cycle key enzymes involved in oxalate biosynthesis of wood-destroying basidiomycete Fomitopsis palustris grown on glucose. Microbiology (Reading) 2006; 152:1857-1866. [PMID: 16735748 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the subcellular localization of key enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle, i.e. isocitrate lyase (ICL; EC 4.1.3.1) and malate synthase (EC 2.3.3.9), that function constitutively in coordination with oxalate biosynthesis of glucose-grownFomitopsis palustris. The ICL purified previously fromF. palustrisis termed FPICL1. Subcellular fractionation analysis of the cell homogenate by the sucrose density-gradient method showed that both key enzymes were present in peroxisomes, whereas acetyl-CoA synthase (EC 6.2.1.1) and oxalate-producing oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (EC 3.7.1.1) were cytosolic. The peroxisomal localization of FPICL1 was further confirmed by electron microscopic and immunocytochemical analysis with anti-FPICL1 antibody. In addition, the peroxisomal target signal, composed of SKL at the C terminus of the cDNA encoding FPICL1, was found, which also suggests that FPICL1 is peroxisomal. Accordingly, it is postulated that transportation of succinate from peroxisomes to mitochondria, and vice versa, for the transportation of isocitrate or citrate, occurs in glucose-grownF. palustrisfor the constitutive metabolic coordination of the TCA and glyoxylate cycles with oxalate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sakai
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Nishide
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Erman Munir
- University of North Sumatra, Jl. Bioteknologi No. 1 Kampus USU, Medan 20513, Indonesia
| | - Kei'ichi Baba
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inui
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka 599-8231, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nakano
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka 599-8231, Japan
| | - Takefumi Hattori
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mikio Shimada
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Characterization and performance of single- and multistage tower reactors with outer loop for cell mass production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3540114645_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Kim KW, Park EW, Kim KS. Glyoxysomal Nature of Microbodies Complexed with Lipid Globules in Botryosphaeria dothidea. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2004; 94:970-977. [PMID: 18943073 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.2004.94.9.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The glyoxysomal nature of microbodies was determined in Botryosphaeria dothidea hyphae based on morphology and in situ enzyme characteristics by transmission electron microscopy and cytochemistry. Bound by a single membrane, microbodies had a homogeneous matrix and varied in size ranging from 200 to 400 nm in diameter. Microbodies often had crystalline inclusions that consisted of parallel arrays of fine tubules in their matrices. Microbodies and lipid globules were placed in close association with each other, forming microbody-lipid globule complexes in hyphae. The cytochemical activities of catalase and malate synthase were localized in microbodies, showing intense electron density of the organelle. In addition, immunogold labeling detected the presence of catalase in a multivesicular body-like organelle and the cell wall as well as in the matrix and crystalline inclusion of microbodies, supporting the enzyme secretion outward. Meanwhile, isocitrate lyase was localized only in matrices of microbodies. These results suggest that the microbodies complexed with lipid globules in B. dothidea hyphae are functionally defined as glyoxysomes which may enable the fungus to survive latent periods using lipids via the glyoxylate cycle and catalase secretion.
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Yokota S. Degradation of normal and proliferated peroxisomes in rat hepatocytes: regulation of peroxisomes quantity in cells. Microsc Res Tech 2003; 61:151-60. [PMID: 12740821 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Degradation and turnover of peroxisomes is reviewed. First, we describe the historical aspects of peroxisome degradation research and the two major concepts for breakdown of peroxisomes, i.e., autophagy and autolysis. Next, the comprehensive knowledge on autophagy of peroxisomes in mammalian and yeast cells is reviewed. It has been shown that proliferated peroxisomes are degraded by selective autophagy, and studies using yeast cells have been especially helpful in shedding light on the molecular mechanisms of this process. The degradation of extraperoxisomal urate oxidase crystalloid is noted. Overexpressed wild-type urate oxidase in cultured cells has been shown to be degraded through an unknown proteolytic pathway distinct from the lysosomal system including autophagy or the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Finally, peroxisome autolysis mediated by 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) is described. 15-LOX is integrated into the peroxisome membrane causing focal membrane disruptions. The content of the peroxisomes is then exposed to cytosol proteases and seems to be digested quickly. In conclusion, the number of peroxisomes appears to be regulated by two selective pathways, autophagy, including macro- and microautophagy, and 15-LOX-mediated autolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaki Yokota
- Biology Laboratory, Yamanashi Medical University, Tamaho-cho, Japan.
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11
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Abstract
This review describes the transformation systems including vectors, replicons, genetic markers, transformation methods, vector stability, and copy numbers of 13 genera and 31 species of non-Saccharomyces yeasts. Schizosaccharomyces pombe was the first non-Saccharomyces yeast studied for transformation and genetics. The replicons of non-Saccharomyces yeast vectors are from native plasmids, chromosomal DNA, and mitochondrial DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, non-Saccharomyces yeasts, protozoan, plant, and animal. Vectors such as YAC, YCp, YEp, YIp, and YRp were developed for non-Saccharomyces yeasts. Forty-two types of genes from bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and plant were used as genetic markers that could be classified into biosynthetic, dominant, and colored groups to construct non-Saccharomyces yeasts vectors. The LEU2 gene and G418 resistance gene are the two most popular markers used in the yeast transformation. All known transformation methods such as spheroplast-mediating method, alkaline ion treatment method, electroporation, trans-kingdom conjugation, and biolistics have been developed successfully for non-Saccharomyces yeasts, among which the first three are most widely used. The highest copy number detected from non-Saccharomyces yeasts is 60 copies in Kluyveromyces lactis. No general rule is known to illustrate the transformation efficiency, vector stability, and copy number, although factors such as vector composition, host strain, transformation method, and selective pressure might influence them.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Wang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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Segers G, Bradshaw N, Archer D, Blissett K, Oliver RP. Alcohol oxidase is a novel pathogenicity factor for Cladosporium fulvum, but aldehyde dehydrogenase is dispensable. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2001; 14:367-77. [PMID: 11277434 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cladosporiumfulvum is a mitosporic ascomycete pathogen of tomato. A study of fungal genes expressed during carbon starvation in vitro identified several genes that were up regulated during growth in planta. These included genes predicted to encode acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh1) and alcohol oxidase (Aox1). An Aldh1 deletion mutant was constructed. This mutant lacked all detectable ALDH activity, had lost the ability to grow with ethanol as a carbon source, but was unaffected in pathogenicity. Aox1 expression was induced by carbon starvation and during the later stages of infection. The alcohol oxidase enzyme activity has broadly similar properties (Km values, substrate specificity, pH, and heat stability) to yeast enzymes. Antibodies raised to Hansenula polymorpha alcohol oxidase (AOX) detected antigens in Western blots of starved C. fulvum mycelium and infected plant material. Antigen reacting with the antibodies was localized to organelles resembling peroxisomes in starved mycelium and infected plants. Disruption mutants of Aox1 lacked detectable AOX activity and had markedly reduced pathogenicity as assayed by two different measures of fungal growth. These results identify alcohol oxidase as a novel pathogenicity factor and are discussed in relation to peroxisomal metabolism of fungal pathogens during growth in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Segers
- Department of Physiology, Carlsberg Laboratory, Copenhagen Valby, Denmark
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Gavagan JE, Fager SK, Seip JE, Clark DS, Payne MS, Anton DL, DiCosimo R. Chemoenzymic Synthesis of N-(Phosphonomethyl)glycine. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo970455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John E. Gavagan
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - Susan K. Fager
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - John E. Seip
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - Dawn S. Clark
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - Mark S. Payne
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - David L. Anton
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
| | - Robert DiCosimo
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328
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14
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Van den Munckhof RJ. In situ heterogeneity of peroxisomal oxidase activities: an update. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1996; 28:401-29. [PMID: 8863047 DOI: 10.1007/bf02331433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidases are a widespread group of enzymes. They are present in numerous organisms and organs and in various tissues, cells, and subcellular compartments, such as mitochondria. An important source of oxidases, which is investigated and discussed in this study, are the (micro)peroxisomes. Oxidases share the ability to reduce molecular oxygen during oxidation of their substrate, yielding an oxidized product and hydrogen peroxide. Besides the hydrogen peroxide-catabolizing enzyme catalase, peroxisomes contain one or more hydrogen peroxide-generating oxidases, which participate in different metabolic pathways. During the last four decades, various methods have been developed and elaborated for the histochemical localization of the activities of these oxidases. These methods are based either on the reduction of soluble electron acceptors by oxidase activity or on the capture of hydrogen peroxide. Both methods yield a coloured and/or electron dense precipitate. The most reliable technique in peroxisomal oxidase histochemistry is the cerium salt capture method. This method is based on the direct capture of hydrogen peroxide by cerium ions to form a fine crystalline, insoluble, electron dense reaction product, cerium perhydroxide, which can be visualized for light microscopy with diaminobenzidine. With the use of this technique, it became clear that oxidase activities not only vary between different organisms, organs, and tissues, but that heterogeneity also exists between different cells and within cells, i.e. between individual peroxisomes. A literature review, and recent studies performed in our laboratory, show that peroxisomes are highly differentiated organelles with respect to the presence of active enzymes. This study gives an overview of the in situ distribution and heterogeneity of peroxisomal enzyme activities as detected by histochemical assays of the activities of catalase, and the peroxisomal oxidases D-amino acid oxidase, L-alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase, polyamine oxidase and uric acid oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Van den Munckhof
- University of Amsterdam, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, The Netherlands
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15
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Berteaux-Lecellier V, Picard M, Thompson-Coffe C, Zickler D, Panvier-Adoutte A, Simonet JM. A nonmammalian homolog of the PAF1 gene (Zellweger syndrome) discovered as a gene involved in caryogamy in the fungus Podospora anserina. Cell 1995; 81:1043-51. [PMID: 7600573 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(05)80009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The car1 gene of the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina was cloned by complementation of a mutant defective for caryogamy (nuclear fusion), a process required for sexual sporulation. This gene encodes a protein that shows similarity to the mammalian PAF1 protein (Zellweger syndrome). Besides sequence similarity, the two proteins share a transmembrane domain and the same type of zinc finger motif. A combination of molecular, physiological, genetical, and ultrastructural approaches gave evidence that the P. anserina car1 protein is actually a peroxisomal protein. This study shows that peroxisomes are required at a specific stage of sexual development, at least in P. anserina, and that a functional homolog of the PAF1 gene is present in a lower eucaryote.
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Erdmann R, Blobel G. Giant peroxisomes in oleic acid-induced Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking the peroxisomal membrane protein Pmp27p. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1995; 128:509-23. [PMID: 7860627 PMCID: PMC2199900 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.128.4.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We have purified peroxisomal membranes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae after induction of peroxisomes in oleic acid-containing media. About 30 distinct proteins could be discerned among the HPLC- and SDS-PAGE-separated proteins of the high salt-extracted peroxisomal membranes. The most abundant of these, Pmp27p, was purified and the corresponding gene PMP27 was cloned and sequenced. Its primary structure is 32% identical to PMP31 and PMP32 of the yeast Candida biodinii (Moreno, M., R. Lark, K. L. Campbell, and M. J. Goodman. 1994. Yeast. 10:1447-1457). Immunoelectron microscopic localization of Pmp27p showed labeling of the peroxisomal membrane, but also of matrix-less and matrix containing tubular membranes nearby. Electronmicroscopical data suggest that some of these tubular extensions might interconnect peroxisomes to form a peroxisomal reticulum. Cells with a disrupted PMP27 gene (delta pmp27) still grew well on glucose or ethanol, but they failed to grow on oleate although peroxisomes were still induced by transfer to oleate-containing media. The induced peroxisomes of delta pmp27 cells were fewer but considerably larger than those of wild-type cells, suggesting that Pmp27p may be involved in parceling of peroxisomes into regular quanta. delta pmp27 cells cultured in oleate-containing media form multiple buds, of which virtually all are peroxisome deficient. The growth defect of delta pmp27 cells on oleic acid appears to result from the inability to segregate the giant peroxisomes to daughter cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Erdmann
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, New York 10021
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Zhang JW, Han Y, Lazarow PB. Novel peroxisome clustering mutants and peroxisome biogenesis mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 1993; 123:1133-47. [PMID: 7902359 PMCID: PMC2119869 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.123.5.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this research is to identify and characterize the protein machinery that functions in the intracellular translocation and assembly of peroxisomal proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Several genes encoding proteins that are essential for this process have been identified previously by Kunau and collaborators, but the mutant collection was incomplete. We have devised a positive selection procedure that identifies new mutants lacking peroxisomes or peroxisomal function. Immunofluorescence procedures for yeast were simplified so that these mutants could be rapidly and efficiently screened for those in which peroxisome biogenesis is impaired. With these tools, we have identified four complementation groups of peroxisome biogenesis mutants, and one group that appears to express reduced amounts of peroxisomal proteins. Two of our mutants lack recognizable peroxisomes, although they might contain peroxisomal membrane ghosts like those found in Zellweger syndrome. Two are selectively defective in packaging peroxisomal proteins and moreover show striking intracellular clustering of the peroxisomes. The distribution of mutants among complementation groups implies that the collection of peroxisome biogenesis mutants is still incomplete. With the procedures described, it should prove straightforward to isolate mutants from additional complementation groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York 10029
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18
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Onyeocha I, Behari R, Hill D, Baker A. Targeting of castor bean glyoxysomal isocitrate lyase to tobacco leaf peroxisomes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 22:385-96. [PMID: 8329679 DOI: 10.1007/bf00015970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The cDNA encoding castor bean endosperm isocitrate lyase (ICL) was expressed under the control of the promoter of the small subunit of pea ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase in transformed tobacco. ICL protein was detected using anti-ICL antibodies on immunoblots of total leaf protein extracts. Nycodenz density gradient separation of the extracts from the transgenic tobacco leaves showed ICL co-fractionated with hydroxypyruvate reductase, a peroxisomal matrix marker protein, and away from lactate dehydrogenase, a cytosolic marker protein. Immunoelectron microscopy of ultrathin leaf sections demonstrated the location of ICL within the matrix of the leaf peroxisomes of the transgenic plants. In vitro transcribed and translated ICL was also imported into leaf peroxisomes isolated from germinating sunflower seeds. The in vivo and in vitro import of this protein into leaf peroxisomes provides strong support for the notion that the import machinery of glyoxysomes and peroxisomes is very similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Onyeocha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, UK
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Waterham HR, Titorenko VI, Van Der Klei IJ, Harder W, Veenhuis M. Isolation and characterization of peroxisomal protein import (Pim−) mutants ofHansenula polymorpha. Yeast 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.320081106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Liu H, Tan X, Veenhuis M, McCollum D, Cregg JM. An efficient screen for peroxisome-deficient mutants of Pichia pastoris. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:4943-51. [PMID: 1629154 PMCID: PMC206307 DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.15.4943-4951.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a rapid and efficient screen for peroxisome-deficient (per) mutants in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The screen relies on the unusual ability of P. pastoris to grow on two carbon sources, methanol and oleic acid, both of which absolutely require peroxisomes to be metabolized. A collection of 280 methanol utilization-defective (Mut-) P. pastoris mutants was isolated, organized into 46 complementation groups, and tested for those that were also oleate-utilization defective (Out-) but still capable of growth on ethanol and glucose. Mutants in 10 groups met this phenotypic description, and 8 of these were observed by electron microscopy to be peroxisome deficient (Per-). In each per mutant, Mut-, Out-, and Per- phenotypes were tightly linked and therefore were most likely due to a mutation at a single locus. Subcellular fractionation experiments indicated that the peroxisomal marker enzyme catalase was mislocalized to the cytosol in both methanol- and oleate-induced cultures of the mutants. In contrast, alcohol oxidase, a peroxisomal methanol utilization pathway enzyme, was virtually absent from per mutant cells. The relative ease of per mutant isolation in P. pastoris, in conjunction with well-developed procedures for its molecular and genetic manipulation, makes this organism an attractive system for studies on peroxisome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, Beaverton 97006-1999
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Waterham HR, Keizer-Gunnink I, Goodman JM, Harder W, Veenhuis M. Development of multipurpose peroxisomes in Candida boidinii grown in oleic acid-methanol limited continuous cultures. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:4057-63. [PMID: 1350779 PMCID: PMC206116 DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.12.4057-4063.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the development and metabolic significance of peroxisomes in the yeast Candida boidinii following adaptation of the organism to cultivation conditions which require the simultaneous presence and activity of two independent peroxisome-mediated pathways for growth. After the addition of methanol to oleic acid-grown cells at late exponentional growth, a number of new small peroxisomes developed which, apart from the presence of beta-oxidation enzymes, were characterized by the presence of enzymes involved in methanol metabolism (alcohol oxidase and dihydroxyacetone synthase). The latter proteins, however, were absent in the larger organelles which were originally present in the oleic acid-grown cells prior to the addition of methanol and which contained only enzymes of the beta-oxidation pathway. Subsequent experiments on cells from continuous cultures grown on a mixture of oleic acid and methanol at steady-state conditions revealed that both the enzymes of the beta-oxidation pathway and those involved in methanol metabolism were found in one and the same compartment. Thus, under these conditions the cells contained peroxisomes which were concurrently involved in the metabolism of two different carbon sources simultaneously used for growth. Our results indicated that the heterogeneity in the peroxisomal population of a single cell, observed in the transient state following the addition of methanol, is only temporary and due to heterogeneity among these organelles with respect to their capacity to incorporate newly synthesized matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Waterham
- Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
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22
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Keizer I, Roggenkamp R, Harder W, Veenhuis M. Location of catalase in crystalline peroxisomes of methanol-grownHansenula polymorpha. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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23
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Colonization and digestion of nematodes by the endoparasitic nematophagous fungus Drechmeria coniospora. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Van Der Klei IJ, Sulter GJ, Harder W, Veenhuis M. Assembly of alcohol oxidase in the cytosol of a peroxisome-deficient mutant ofHansenula polymorpha—properties of the protein and architecture of the crystals. Yeast 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.320070103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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25
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Kiryu H, Yoshida S, Suenaga Y, Asahi M. Invasion and survival ofFusarium solaniin the dexamethasone-treated cornea of rabbits. Med Mycol 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/02681219180000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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26
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Veenhuis M, Kram AM, Kunau WH, Harder W. Excessive membrane development following exposure of the methylotrophic yeastHansenula polymorpha to oleic acid-containing media. Yeast 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.320060608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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27
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Sulter GJ, Van Der Klei IJ, Harder W, Veenhuis M. Assembly of amine oxidase andD-amino acid oxidase in the cytosol of peroxisome-deficient mutants of theyeast Hansenula polymorpha during growth of cells on glucose in the presence of primary amines orD-alanine as the sole nitrogen source. Yeast 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.320060607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Sulter GJ, Waterham HR, Goodman JM, Veenhuis M. Proliferation and metabolic significance of peroxisomes in Candida boidinii during growth on D-alanine or oleic acid as the sole carbon source. Arch Microbiol 1990; 153:485-9. [PMID: 2339955 DOI: 10.1007/bf00248431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the induction of peroxisomes in the methylotrophic yeast Candida boidinii by D-alanine and oleic acid. The organism was able to utilize each of these compounds as the sole carbon source and grew with growth rates of mu = 0.20 h-1 (on D-alanine) or mu = 0.43 h-1 (on oleic acid). Growth was associated with the development of many peroxisomes in the cells. On D-alanine a cluster of tightly interwoven organelles was observed which made up 6.3% of the cytoplasmic volume and were characterized by the presence of D-amino acid oxidase and catalase. On oleic acid rounded to elongated peroxisomes were dominant which were scattered throughout the cytoplasm. These organelles contained increased levels of beta-oxidation enzymes; their relative volume fraction amounted 12.8% of the cytoplasmic volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Sulter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
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30
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van der Klei IJ, Rytka J, Kunau WH, Veenhuis M. Growth of catalase A and catalase T deficient mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on ethanol and oleic acid. Arch Microbiol 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00248436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Cregg JM, Van Klei IJ, Sulter GJ, Veenhuis M, Harder W. Peroxisome-deficient mutants ofHansenula polymorpha. Yeast 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.320060202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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32
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Veenhuis M, van der Klei IJ. Cytochemical staining methods for localization of key enzymes of methanol metabolism in Hansenula polymorpha. Methods Enzymol 1990; 188:411-20. [PMID: 2280714 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(90)88066-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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33
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Veenhuis M, Harder W, Nordbring-Hertz B. Occurrence and metabolic significance of microbodies in trophic hyphae of the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1989; 56:241-9. [PMID: 2589852 DOI: 10.1007/bf00418936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the results of an ultrastructural study on the subcellular events occurring in nematode-infecting (trophic) hyphae of the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. In early stages of the infection process (30 min-4 h), the infection bulb and developing trophic hyphae are characterized by a highly proliferated endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Its membranes often appeared vesiculated and occur in close association with the cell membrane of the cells. Upon further invasion of the nematode, lipid droplets developed in the trophic hyphae; these droplets were first observed 4-5 h after the infection but were abundantly present after 24-36 h. Along with the formation of lipid droplets proliferation of microbodies was observed. These organeles were characterized by the presence of catalase and thiolase and were frequently observed in close association with the lipid droplets. Later on the lipid droplets disappeared. During this period new vegetative mycelium developed from the trap that had originally captured the nematode. Our results suggest that part of the nutrients released from the nematode are first converted into lipids by the fungus which in turn are degraded via the beta-oxidation pathway and further metabolized to support growth of new vegetative hyphae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Veenhuis
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
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Veenhuis M, Van Wijk C, Wyss U, Nordbring-Hertz B, Harder W. Significance of electron dense microbodies in trap cells of the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1989; 56:251-61. [PMID: 2589853 DOI: 10.1007/bf00418937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the fate of electron dense microbodies in nematode-trapping organs (traps) of the fungus A. oligospora during the initial hours following nematode capture. The interaction studies were performed with isolated traps which had captured a nematode under conditions where the fungal cells had no access to external energy sources. Video enhanced contrast microscopy showed that under these conditions the number of dense bodies present in the trap cell that formed the penetration tube, rapidly decreased. During subsequent penetration and development of the infection bulb this decrease continued while at this time common cell organelles such as mitochondria and vacuoles were formed. This was confirmed by electron microscopy which also revealed that the dense bodies were degraded by means of an autophagic process. The organelles were degraded individually and finally turned into compartments which, based on ultrastructural criteria, were considered vacuoles. Fusion of such vacuoles into larger organelles frequently occurred. The degradation process was initiated early in the interaction since initial stages were already evident within 15 min after capture. Generally it took 1-2 h before the infection bulb had fully developed and trophic hyphae formation started. During this time the original trap cell, characterized by numerous dense bodies, was transformed into an active vegetative hyphal cell containing typical cell organelles such as nuclei, mitochondria, a strongly proliferated endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles and "normal" microbodies but lacked dense bodies. This disappearance of dense bodies was confined to the cell that penetrated the nematode and--less frequently--its two neighbouring cells in the hyphal loop. In the other cells, constituting the trap, the dense bodies remained unaffected. As will be discussed, the present results support our current view that traps of A. oligospora contribute to the survival of the organism in its natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Veenhuis
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
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Erdmann R, Veenhuis M, Mertens D, Kunau WH. Isolation of peroxisome-deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:5419-23. [PMID: 2568633 PMCID: PMC297634 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.14.5419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae affected in peroxisomal assembly (pas mutants) have been isolated and characterized. Each strain contains a single mutation that results in (i) the inability to grow on oleic acid, (ii) accumulation of peroxisomal matrix enzymes in the cytosol, and (iii) absence of detectable peroxisomes at the ultrastructural level. These lesions (pas1-1 and pas2) are shown to be nonallelic and recessive. Crossing of pas1-1 and pas2 strains resulted in diploid cells that had regained the ability to grow on oleic acid as sole carbon source and to form peroxisomes. These pas mutants may provide useful tools for future studies on the molecular mechanisms involved in peroxisomal assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Erdmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Federal Republic of Germany
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36
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Veenhuis M, Sulter G, van der Klei I, Harder W. Evidence for functional heterogeneity among microbodies in yeasts. Arch Microbiol 1989; 151:105-10. [PMID: 2655547 DOI: 10.1007/bf00414422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the biogenesis and enzymic composition of microbodies in different yeasts during adaptation of cells to a new growth environment. After a shift of cells of Candida boidinii and Hansenula polymorpha from glucose to methanol/methylamine-containing media, newly synthesized alcohol oxidase and amine oxidase are imported in one and the same organelle together with catalase; as a consequence the cells contain one class of morphologically and enzymatically identical microbodies. Similar results were obtained when Candida utilis cells were transferred from glucose to ethanol/ethylamine-containing media upon which all cells formed microbodies containing amine oxidase and catalase. However, when methanol-limited cells of H. polymorpha were transferred from media containing ammonium sulphate to those with methylamine as the nitrogen source, newly synthesized amine oxidase was incorporated only in part of the microbodies present in these cells. This uptake was confined to the few smaller organelles generally present at the perimeter of the cells, which were considered not fully developed (immature) as judged by their size. Essentially similar results were obtained when stationary phase cells of C. boidinii or C. utilis - grown on methanol and ethanol plus ammonium sulphate, respectively - were shifted to media containing (m)ethylamine as the nitrogen source. These results indicate that mature microbodies may exist in yeasts which no longer are involved in the uptake of matrix proteins. Therefore, these yeasts may display heterogeneities in their microbody population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Veenhuis
- Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
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37
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Verduyn C, Giuseppin ML, Scheffers WA, van Dijken JP. Hydrogen Peroxide Metabolism in Yeasts. Appl Environ Microbiol 1988; 54:2086-90. [PMID: 16347719 PMCID: PMC202807 DOI: 10.1128/aem.54.8.2086-2090.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A catalase-negative mutant of the yeast
Hansenula polymorpha
consumed methanol in the presence of glucose when the organism was grown in carbon-limited chemostat cultures. The organism was apparently able to decompose the H
2
O
2
generated in the oxidation of methanol by alcohol oxidase. Not only H
2
O
2
generated intracellularly but also H
2
O
2
added extracellularly was effectively destroyed by the catalase-negative mutant. From the rate of H
2
O
2
consumption during growth in chemostat cultures on mixtures of glucose and H
2
O
2
, it appeared that the mutant was capable of decomposing H
2
O
2
at a rate as high as 8 mmol · g of cells
−1
· h
−1
. Glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) was absent under all growth conditions. However, cytochrome
c
peroxidase (CCP; EC 1.11.1.5) increased to very high levels in cells which decomposed H
2
O
2
. When wild-type
H. polymorpha
was grown on mixtures of glucose and methanol, the CCP level was independent of the rate of methanol utilization, whereas the level of catalase increased with increasing amounts of methanol in the substrate feed. Also, the wild type decomposed H
2
O
2
at a high rate when cells were grown on mixtures of glucose and H
2
O
2
. In this case, an increase of both CCP and catalase was observed. When
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
was grown on mixtures of glucose and H
2
O
2
, the level of catalase remained low, but CCP increased with increasing rates of H
2
O
2
utilization. From these observations and an analysis of cell yields under the various conditions, two conclusions can be drawn. (i) CCP is a key enzyme of H
2
O
2
detoxification in yeasts. (ii) Catalase can effectively compete with mitochondrial CCP for hydrogen peroxide only if hydrogen peroxide is generated at the site where catalase is located, namely in the peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Verduyn
- Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, and Unilever Research Laboratory, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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Veenhuis M, Mateblowski M, Kunau WH, Harder W. Proliferation of microbodies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 1987; 3:77-84. [PMID: 3332968 DOI: 10.1002/yea.320030204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of microbodies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied in response to different conditions of growth. Various strains of S. cerevisiae were investigated, using cells from the exponential growth phase on glucose as an inoculum in all transfer experiments. Electron microscopy, including serial sectioning, revealed that these cells generally contained one to four small microbodies which were localized in the vicinity of the cell wall and characterized by the presence of catalase. Transfer of these glucose-grown cells into media supplemented with various compounds known to induce microbody proliferation in other yeasts--i.e. uric acid, alkylated amines, amino acids, C2-compounds such as ethanol or acetate, in the presence or absence of compounds that induce oxygen radical formation--did not result in a significant change in the number of microbody profiles observed. Marked microbody proliferation was, however, observed after a shift of cells into media containing oleic acid and was associated with the induction of activities of beta-oxidation enzymes. In addition, catalase and isocitrate lyase were present in enhanced levels. Kinetic experiments suggested that these microbodies developed from those originally present in the inoculum cells. In thin sections up to 14 microbody profiles were occasionally observed, often present in small clusters. Their ultimate volume fraction amounted to 8-10% of the cytoplasmic volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Veenhuis
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
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40
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Veenhuis M, van der Klei IJ, Harder W. Physiological role of microbodies in the yeast Trichosporon cutaneum during growth on ethylamine as the source of energy, carbon and nitrogen. Arch Microbiol 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00413025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Goodman JM, Maher J, Silver PA, Pacifico A, Sanders D. The membrane proteins of the methanol-induced peroxisome of Candida boidinii. Initial characterization and generation of monoclonal antibodies. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Ota A. Properties of catalase activity in vegetative and sporulating cells of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biochem 1986; 30:331-9. [PMID: 3519626 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.240300406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Properties of catalase activities have been examined in the intact cells of early stationary phase and cells 3 hr after transfer to sporulation medium in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The catalase activities of the two cells had a broad optimal pH from 6 to 8. Catalase activity in the intact cells increased throughout a 4-hr period of the observation following transfer to sporulation medium. Almost all the catalase activity in vegetative cells was lost by the treatment at 60 degrees C for 10 min. Catalase activities of both cells were inhibited by KCN, NaN3, o-phenanthroline, and PCMB. The catalase activity of the vegetative cells was slightly more inhibited and inactivated than that of the sporulating cells by the inhibitors and by the treatment with HCl or NaOH.
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Dihydroxyacetone synthase is localized in the peroxisomal matrix of methanol-grown Hansenula polymorpha. Arch Microbiol 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00411242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Goodman JM. Dihydroxyacetone synthase is an abundant constituent of the methanol-induced peroxisome of Candida boidinii. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)88894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Veenhuis M, Hoogkamer-Te Niet MC, Middelhoven WJ. Biogenesis and metabolic significance of microbodies in urate-utilizing yeasts. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1985; 51:33-43. [PMID: 4004201 DOI: 10.1007/bf00444226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Growth of Candida famata and Trichosporon cutaneum on uric acid as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen was associated with the development of a number of microbodies in the cells. Cytochemical staining experiments showed that the organelles contained urate oxidase, a key enzyme of uric acid metabolism, and catalase. Transfer of cells, precultured on glucose or glycerol, into uric acid-containing media indicated that these microbodies originated from the organelles, originally present in the inoculum cells, by growth and division. In urate-grown C. famata the microbodies were frequently observed in large clusters; in both organisms they existed in close association with mitochondria and strands of ER. The organelles lacked crystalline inclusions. In freeze-fractured cells their surrounding membranes showed smooth fracture faces. Exposure of urate-grown cells to glucose-excess conditions led to a rapid inactivation of urate oxidase activity but catalase was only slightly inactivated. Glucose-induced enzyme inactivation was not associated with the degradation of the microbodies present in the cells. Similarly, repression of urate oxidase synthesis by ammonium ions also did not lead to the degradation of peroxisomes.
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Nordbring-Hertz B, Veenhuis M, Harder W. Dialysis membrane technique for ultrastructural studies of microbial interactions. Appl Environ Microbiol 1984; 47:195-7. [PMID: 6696416 PMCID: PMC239635 DOI: 10.1128/aem.47.1.195-197.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A dialysis membrane technique was developed that enabled ultrastructural investigations of the interaction of nematode-trapping fungi and their nematode prey. It allowed the sectioning of individual traps that had been selected by light microscopy and was used in kinetic studies on trap formation, nematode capture, and subsequent nematode digestion. The method can also be used for enzyme cytochemical experiments.
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47
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Zwart K, Veenhuis M, Harder W. Significance of microbodies in the metabolism of l-aspartate in Candida utilis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1983.tb00556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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48
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Veenhuis M, Van Dijken JP, Harder W. The significance of peroxisomes in the metabolism of one-carbon compounds in yeasts. Adv Microb Physiol 1983; 24:1-82. [PMID: 6364725 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(08)60384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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49
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Bruinenberg P, Veenhuis M, Dijken J, Duine J, Harder W. A quantitative analysis of selective inactivation of peroxisomal enzymes in the yeastHansenula polymorphaby high-performance liquid chromatography. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1982.tb00035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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50
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