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Peniche AG, Spinler JK, Boonma P, Savidge TC, Dann SM. Aging impairs protective host defenses against Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection in mice by suppressing neutrophil and IL-22 mediated immunity. Anaerobe 2018; 54:83-91. [PMID: 30099125 PMCID: PMC6291369 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality associated with Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) rises progressively with advanced age (≥65 years) due in part to perturbations of the gut microbiota and immune dysfunction. Epidemiological data of community-acquired CDI suggests increased susceptibility may begin earlier during middle-age (45-64 years) but the causation remains unknown. METHODS Middle-aged (12-14 months) and young (2-4 months) adult mice were infected with C. difficile, and disease severity, gut microbiome and innate immune response were compared. Cytokine reconstitution studies were performed in infected middle-aged mice. RESULTS Infection of middle-aged mice with C. difficile led to greater disease compared to young controls, which was associated with increases in C. difficile burden and toxin titers, and elevated bacterial translocation. With the exception of an expansion of C. difficile in middle-aged mice, microbiome analysis revealed no age-related differences. In contrast, middle-aged mice displayed a significant defect in neutrophil recruitment to the colon, with diminished levels of innate immune cytokines IL-6, IL-23 and IL-22. Importantly, recombinant IL-22 administration during CDI reduced morbidity and prevented death in middle-aged mice. CONCLUSION Increased susceptibility to C. difficile occurs in middle-aged mice modeling the community-acquired CDI demographics and is driven by an impaired innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Peniche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Galveston, TX, USA; Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer K Spinler
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prapaporn Boonma
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tor C Savidge
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara M Dann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Galveston, TX, USA; Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Kirschneck C, Meier M, Bauer K, Proff P, Fanghänel J. Meloxicam medication reduces orthodontically induced dental root resorption and tooth movement velocity: a combined in vivo and in vitro study of dental-periodontal cells and tissue. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:61-78. [PMID: 28044198 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are used to alleviate pain sensations during orthodontic therapy but are also assumed to interfere with associated pseudo-inflammatory reactions. In particular, the effects of partially selective COX-2 inhibition over the constitutively expressed COX-1 (11:1) on periodontal cells and tissue, as induced by the NSAID meloxicam, remain unclear. We investigate possible adverse side-effects and potentially useful beneficial effects during orthodontic therapy and examine underlying cellular and tissue reactions. We randomly assigned 63 male Fischer344 rats to three consecutive experiments of 21 animals each (cone-beam computed tomography; histology/serology; reverse-transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) in three experimental groups (n = 7; control; orthodontic tooth movement [OTM] of the first/second upper left molars [NiTi coil spring, 0.25 N]; OTM with a daily oral meloxicam dose of 3 mg/kg). In vitro, we stimulated human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDL) with orthodontic pressure (2 g/cm2) with/without meloxicam (10 μM). In vivo, meloxicam significantly reduced serum C-reactive protein concentration, tooth movement velocity, orthodontically induced dentine root resorption (OIRR), osteoclast activity and the relative expression of inflammatory/osteoclast marker genes within the dental-periodontal tissue, while presenting good gastric tolerance. In vitro, we observed a corresponding significant decrease of prostaglandin E2/interleukin-6/RANKL(-OPG) expression and of hPDL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. By inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, meloxicam seems to downregulate hPDL-mediated inflammation, RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and, consequently, tooth movement velocity by about 50%, thus limiting its suitability for analgesia during orthodontic therapy. However, its protective effects regarding OIRR and good tolerance profile suggest future prophylactic application, which merits its further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Meier
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Bauer
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Fanghänel
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.,Anatomical Institute, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
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Kirschneck C, Fanghänel J, Wahlmann U, Wolf M, Roldán JC, Proff P. Interactive effects of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement on dental root resorption, tooth movement velocity and alveolar bone loss in a rat model. Ann Anat 2016; 210:32-43. [PMID: 27838559 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many adult orthodontic patients suffer from chronic periodontitis with recurrent episodes of active periodontal inflammation. As their number is steadily increasing, orthodontists are more and more frequently challenged by respective treatment considerations. However, little is currently known regarding interactive effects on undesired dental root resorption (DRR), tooth movement velocity, periodontal bone loss and the underlying cellular and tissue reactions. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 63 male Fischer344 rats were used in three consecutive experiments employing 21 animals each (A/B/C), randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups (n=7, 1/2/3), respectively: (A) CBCT; (B) histology/serology; (C) RT-qPCR-(1) control; (2) orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) of the first/second upper left molars (NiTi coil spring, 0.25N); (3) OTM with experimentally induced periodontitis (cervical silk ligature). After 14days of OTM, we quantified blood leukocyte level, DRR, osteoclast activity and relative gene expression of inflammatory and osteoclast marker genes within the dental-periodontal tissue as well as tooth movement velocity and periodontal bone loss after 14 and 28 days. RESULTS The experimentally induced periodontal bone loss was significantly increased by concurrent orthodontic force application. Periodontal inflammation during OTM on the other hand significantly augmented the extent of DRR, relative expression of inflammatory/osteoclast marker genes, blood leukocyte level and periodontal osteoclast activity. In addition, contrary to previous studies, we observed a significant increase in tooth movement velocity. CONCLUSIONS Although accelerated tooth movement would be favourable for orthodontic treatment, our results suggest that orthodontic interventions should only be performed after successful systematic periodontal therapy and paused in case of recurrent active inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jochen Fanghänel
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Wahlmann
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, D-53111 Bonn, Germany.
| | - J Camilo Roldán
- Director of the Division of Pediatric Facial Plastic Surgery and Craniofacial Anomalies, Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift, Liliencronstraße 130, D-22149 Hamburg, Germany; Lecturer at the Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Thiraworawong T, Spinler JK, Werawatganon D, Klaikeaw N, Venable SF, Versalovic J, Tumwasorn S. Anti-inflammatory properties of gastric-derived Lactobacillus plantarum XB7 in the context of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 2014; 19:144-55. [PMID: 24387083 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori colonization of the gastric epithelium induces interleukin-8 (IL-8) production and inflammation leading to host cell damage. We searched for gastric-derived Lactobacillus with the ability to suppress H. pylori-induced inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conditioned media from gastric-derived Lactobacillus spp. were tested for the ability to suppress H. pylori-induced IL-8 production in AGS gastric epithelial cells. IL-8 protein and mRNA levels were measured by ELISA and qPCR, respectively. The changes on host cell signaling pathway were analyzed by Western blotting and the anti-inflammatory effect was tested in a Sprague-Dawley rat model. RESULTS Conditioned media from L. salivarius B101, L. rhamnosus B103, and L. plantarum XB7 suppressed IL-8 production and IL-8 mRNA expression in H. pylori-induced AGS cells without inhibiting H. pylori growth. Conditioned media from LS-B101, LR-B103, and LP-XB7 suppressed the activation of NF-κB in AGS cells, while strain LP-XB7 also suppressed c-Jun activation. The anti-inflammatory effect of LP-XB7 was further assessed in vivo using a H. pylori-infected Sprague-Dawley rat model. Strain LP-XB7 contributed to a delay in the detection and colonization of H. pylori in rat stomachs, attenuated gastric inflammation, and ameliorated gastric histopathology. Additionally, the administration of LP-XB7 correlated with the suppression of TNF-α and CINC-1 in sera, and suppression of CINC-1 in the gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected rats. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that L. plantarum XB7 produces secreted factors capable of modulating inflammation during H. pylori infection, and this probiotic Lactobacillus strain shows promise as an adjunctive therapy for treating H. pylori-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Thiraworawong
- Interdisciplinary Program of Medical Microbiology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Sunil VR, Patel KJ, Mainelis G, Turpin BJ, Ridgely S, Laumbach RJ, Kipen HM, Nazarenko Y, Veleeparambil M, Gow AJ, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Pulmonary effects of inhaled diesel exhaust in aged mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 241:283-93. [PMID: 19729031 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary morbidity and mortality resulting from exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) increases with age. The present studies analyzed potential mechanisms underlying increased susceptibility of the elderly to PM using diesel exhaust (DE) as a model. Mice (2 m and 18 m) were exposed to DE (0, 300, and 1000 microg/m(3)) for 3 h once (single) or 3 h/day for 3 days (repeated). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), serum and lung tissue were collected 0 and 24 h later. Exposure to DE resulted in structural alterations in the lungs of older but not younger mice, including patchy thickening of the alveolar septa and inflammatory cell localization in alveolar spaces. These effects were most pronounced 24 h after a single exposure to the higher dose of DE. Significant increases in BAL nitrogen oxides were also noted in older mice, as well as expression of lipocalin 24p3, an oxidative stress marker in the lung with no effects in younger mice. Following DE inhalation, expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFalpha) was upregulated in lungs of both younger and older mice; however, this was attenuated in older animals. Whereas exposure to DE resulted in increases in lung Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in both older and younger mice, IL-8 increased only in older animals. In younger mice, constitutive expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) decreased after DE exposure, while in older mice, constitutive MnSOD was not detectable and DE had no effect on expression of this antioxidant. Taken together, these results suggest that altered generation of inflammatory mediators and MnSOD may contribute to increased susceptibility of older mice to inhaled DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthi R Sunil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Abstract
Oncogene-induced cellular senescence constitutes a strong anti-proliferative response, which can be set in motion following either oncogene activation or loss of tumour suppressor signalling. It serves to limit the expansion of early neoplastic cells and as such is a potent cancer-protective response to oncogenic events. Recently emerging evidence points to a crucial role in oncogene-induced cellular senescence for the 'senescence-messaging secretome' or SMS, setting the stage for cross-talk between senescent cells and their environment. How are such signals integrated into a coordinated response and what are the implications of this unexpected finding?
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kuilman
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Chen J, Mo R, Lescure PA, Misek DE, Hanash S, Rochford R, Hobbs M, Yung RL. Aging Is Associated With Increased T-Cell Chemokine Expression in C57Bl/6 Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2003; 58:975-83. [PMID: 14630877 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/58.11.b975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the contribution of the chemokine system in immune senescence, we determined the aging effect on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell chemokine expression by microarray screening and ribonuclease protection assays. Compared with young C57BL/6 mice, freshly isolated CD4+ cells from aged mice express increased level of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and lymphotactin (Ltn). T-cell receptor (TCR)/coreceptor stimulation up-regulates MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and Ltn, and down-regulates IP-10 and RANTES expression in CD4+ T cells. A similar increase in chemokine expression was demonstrated in the CD8+ T cell. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays confirmed increased T-cell chemokine protein production in old CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Finally, supernatant of cultured T cells from old animals caused an enhanced leukocyte chemotaxis response compared with that from young animals, suggesting that the age-related difference in T-cell chemokine expression has an important functional consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Mo R, Chen J, Han Y, Bueno-Cannizares C, Misek DE, Lescure PA, Hanash S, Yung RL. T cell chemokine receptor expression in aging. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 170:895-904. [PMID: 12517955 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.2.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Changes in chemokine receptor expression are important in determining T cell migration and the subsequent immune response. To better understand the contribution of the chemokine system in immune senescence we determined the effect of aging on CD4(+) T cell chemokine receptor function using microarray, RNase protection assays, Western blot, and in vitro chemokine transmigration assays. Freshly isolated CD4(+) cells from aged (20-22 mo) mice were found to express a higher level of CCR1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8 and CXCR2-5, and a lower level of CCR7 and 9 than those from young (3-4 mo) animals. Caloric restriction partially or completely restored the aging effects on CCR1, 7, and 8 and CXCR2, 4, and 5. The aging-associated differences in chemokine receptor expression cannot be adequately explained by the age-associated shift in the naive/memory or Th1/Th2 profile. CD4(+) cells from aged animals have increased chemotactic response to stromal cell-derived factor-1 and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha, suggesting that the observed chemokine receptor changes have important functional consequences. We propose that the aging-associated changes in T cell chemokine receptor expression may contribute to the different clinical outcome in T cell chemokine receptor-dependent diseases in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruran Mo
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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Kita H, Himi T, Fujii N, Ylikoski J. Interleukin-8 secretion of human epithelial and monocytic cell lines induced by middle ear pathogens. Microbiol Immunol 2001; 44:511-7. [PMID: 10941934 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most common diseases in children. Alloiococcus otitidis, a new gram-positive bacterial species, was isolated from the middle ear fluid of children with OME; however, the pathogenic role of this bacteria is yet unknown. In this study, the ability of cultured epithelial cell lines (Hep-2 and Hela) and monocytic cell lines (THP-1 and U 937) to secrete chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in response to the A. otitidis organism and three bacterial organisms mainly detected from middle ear fluid in OME, and bacterial cell components was investigated. When stimulated with four viable bacterial cells, epithelial cells and monocytes secreted IL-8 in a time-dependent manner. The monocytes produced significantly higher levels of IL-8 than the epithelial cells. Compared with that by viable bacterial cells, IL-8 secretion by stimulated epithelial cells and monocytes was reduced when the bacteria were heated and treated with glutaraldehyde. With bacterial stimulations, cell treatment of interferon-gamma caused monocytes to increase the induction of IL-8 production, however, the induction of monocyte differentiation caused monocytes to reduce the induction of IL-8 production. Furthermore, epithelial cells and monocytes stimulated by four viable bacterial organisms physically separated from cultured cells reduced the induction of IL-8 compared with directly stimulated cells, and monocytes stimulated with soluble extracts prepared from A. otitidis organisms produced IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that part of the IL-8 stimulation of the A. otitidis organism may exist in a diffusable factor released by the bacteria or soluble components of the bacteria itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kita
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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