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Bennardo F, Gallelli L, Palleria C, Colosimo M, Fortunato L, De Sarro G, Giudice A. Can platelet-rich fibrin act as a natural carrier for antibiotics delivery? A proof-of-concept study for oral surgical procedures. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:134. [PMID: 36894902 PMCID: PMC9996939 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the role of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a natural carrier for antibiotics delivery through the analysis of drug release and antimicrobial activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS PRF was prepared according to the L-PRF (leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin) protocol. One tube was used as control (without drug), while an increasing amount of gentamicin (0.25 mg, G1; 0.5 mg, G2; 0.75 mg, G3; 1 mg, G4), linezolid (0.5 mg, L1; 1 mg, L2; 1.5 mg, L3; 2 mg, L4), vancomycin (1.25 mg, V1; 2.5 mg, V2; 3.75 mg, V3; 5 mg, V4) was added to the other tubes. At different times the supernatant was collected and analyzed. Strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. mitis, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus were used to assess the antimicrobial effect of PRF membranes prepared with the same antibiotics and compared to control PRF. RESULTS Vancomycin interfered with PRF formation. Gentamicin and linezolid did not change the physical properties of PRF and were released from membranes in the time intervals examined. The inhibition area analysis showed that control PRF had slight antibacterial activity against all tested microorganisms. Gentamicin-PRF had a massive antibacterial activity against all tested microorganisms. Results were similar for linezolid-PRF, except for its antibacterial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa that was comparable to control PRF. CONCLUSIONS PRF loaded with antibiotics allowed the release of antimicrobial drugs in an effective concentration. Using PRF loaded with antibiotics after oral surgery may reduce the risk of post-operative infection, replace or enhance systemic antibiotic therapy while preserving the healing properties of PRF. Further studies are needed to prove that PRF loaded with antibiotics represents a topical antibiotic delivery tool for oral surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bennardo
- School of Dentistry, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Palleria
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Manuela Colosimo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Leonzio Fortunato
- School of Dentistry, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Amerigo Giudice
- School of Dentistry, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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Himi E, Miyoshi-Akiyama T, Matsushima Y, Shiono I, Aragane S, Hirano Y, Ikeda G, Kitaura Y, Kobayashi K, Konno D, Morohashi A, Noguchi Y, Ominato Y, Shinbo S, Suzuki N, Takatsuka K, Tashiro H, Yamada Y, Yamashita K, Yoshino N, Kitashima M, Kotani S, Inoue K, Hino A, Hosoya H. Establishment of an unfed strain of Paramecium bursaria and analysis of associated bacterial communities controlling its proliferation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1036372. [PMID: 36960277 PMCID: PMC10029143 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1036372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ciliate Paramecium bursaria harbors several hundred symbiotic algae in its cell and is widely used as an experimental model for studying symbiosis between eukaryotic cells. Currently, various types of bacteria and eukaryotic microorganisms are used as food for culturing P. bursaria; thus, the cultivation conditions are not uniform among researchers. To unify cultivation conditions, we established cloned, unfed strains that can be cultured using only sterile medium without exogenous food. The proliferation of these unfed strains was suppressed in the presence of antibiotics, suggesting that bacteria are required for the proliferation of the unfed strains. Indeed, several kinds of bacteria, such as Burkholderiales, Rhizobiales, Rhodospirillales, and Sphingomonadales, which are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen and/or degrade chemical pollutants, were detected in the unfed strains. The genetic background of the individually cloned, unfed strains were the same, but the proliferation curves of the individual P. bursaria strains were very diverse. Therefore, we selected multiple actively and poorly proliferating individual strains and compared the bacterial composition among the individual strains using 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial composition among actively proliferating P. bursaria strains was highly homologous but different to poorly proliferating strains. Using unfed strains, the cultivation conditions applied in different laboratories can be unified, and symbiosis research on P. bursaria will make great progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Himi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kibi International University, Minamiawaji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Matsushima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Iru Shiono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Aragane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yui Hirano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gaku Ikeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitaura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daichi Konno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayata Morohashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yui Noguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Ominato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Soma Shinbo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naruya Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kurama Takatsuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitomi Tashiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoki Yamada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenya Yamashita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Natsumi Yoshino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kitashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Kotani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Inoue
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akiya Hino
- Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hosoya
- Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Kanagawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroshi Hosoya, ;
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Taguchi YH, Turki T. A new advanced in silico drug discovery method for novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) with tensor decomposition-based unsupervised feature extraction. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238907. [PMID: 32915876 PMCID: PMC7485840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a critical pandemic that has affected human communities worldwide, and there is an urgent need to develop effective drugs. Although there are a large number of candidate drug compounds that may be useful for treating COVID-19, the evaluation of these drugs is time-consuming and costly. Thus, screening to identify potentially effective drugs prior to experimental validation is necessary. METHOD In this study, we applied the recently proposed method tensor decomposition (TD)-based unsupervised feature extraction (FE) to gene expression profiles of multiple lung cancer cell lines infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We identified drug candidate compounds that significantly altered the expression of the 163 genes selected by TD-based unsupervised FE. RESULTS Numerous drugs were successfully screened, including many known antiviral drug compounds such as C646, chelerythrine chloride, canertinib, BX-795, sorafenib, sorafenib, QL-X-138, radicicol, A-443654, CGP-60474, alvocidib, mitoxantrone, QL-XII-47, geldanamycin, fluticasone, atorvastatin, quercetin, motexafin gadolinium, trovafloxacin, doxycycline, meloxicam, gentamicin, and dibromochloromethane. The screen also identified ivermectin, which was first identified as an anti-parasite drug and recently the drug was included in clinical trials for SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS The drugs screened using our strategy may be effective candidates for treating patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-h. Taguchi
- Department of Physics, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Turki Turki
- Department of Computer Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Huang DB. Extracellular and intracellular activity of iclaprim against Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 53:106-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gessmann J, Seybold D, Ayami F, Peter E, Baecker H, Schildhauer TA, Köller M. Peripheral Blood Plasma Clot as a Local Antimicrobial Drug Delivery Matrix. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:809-818. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gessmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Surgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik Seybold
- Department of Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Surgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fahim Ayami
- Department of Surgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elvira Peter
- Department of Surgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hinnerk Baecker
- Department of Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Armin Schildhauer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Manfred Köller
- Department of Surgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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6
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Effects of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Viability during Differentiation In Vitro. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2451927. [PMID: 29147115 PMCID: PMC5632925 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2451927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are being used extensively in array of studies to understand different mechanisms such as early human embryogenesis, drug toxicity testing, disease modeling, and cell replacement therapy. The protocols for the directed differentiation of hESCs towards specific cell types often require long-term cell cultures. To avoid bacterial contamination, these protocols include addition of antibiotics such as pen-strep and gentamicin. Although aminoglycosides, streptomycin, and gentamicin have been shown to cause cytotoxicity in various animal models, the effect of these antibiotics on hESCs is not clear. In this study, we found that antibiotics, pen-strep, and gentamicin did not affect hESC cell viability or expression of pluripotency markers. However, during directed differentiation towards neural and hepatic fate, significant cell death was noted through the activation of caspase cascade. Also, the expression of neural progenitor markers Pax6, Emx2, Otx2, and Pou3f2 was significantly reduced suggesting that gentamicin may adversely affect early embryonic neurogenesis whereas no effect was seen on the expression of endoderm or hepatic markers during differentiation. Our results suggest that the use of antibiotics in cell culture media for the maintenance and differentiation of hESCs needs thorough investigation before use to avoid erroneous results.
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Hamilton KS, Gopal KV, Moore EJ, Gross GW. Pharmacological response sensitization in nerve cell networks exposed to the antibiotic gentamicin. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 794:92-99. [PMID: 27864104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in clinical, organismic, and agricultural applications to combat gram-negative, aerobic bacteria. The clinical use of gentamicin is widely linked to various toxicities, but there is a void in our knowledge about the neuromodulatory or neurotoxicity effects of gentamicin. This investigation explored the electrophysiologic effects of gentamicin on GABAergic pharmacological profiles in spontaneously active neuronal networks in vitro derived from auditory cortices of E16 mouse embryos and grown on microelectrode arrays. Using the GABAA agonist muscimol as the test substance, responses from networks to dose titrations of muscimol were compared in the presence and absence of 100µM gentamicin (the recommended concentration for cell culture conditions). Spike-rate based EC50 values were generated using sigmoidal fit concentration response curves (CRCs). Exposure to 100µM gentamicin exhibited a muscimol EC50±S.E.M. of 80±6nM (n=10). The EC50 value obtained in the absence of gentamicin was 124±11nM (n=10). The 35% increase in potency suggests network sensitization to muscimol in the presence of gentamicin. Action potential (AP) waveform analyses of neurons exposed to gentamicin demonstrated a concentration-dependent decrease in AP amplitudes (extracellular recordings), possibly reflecting gentamicin effects on voltage-gated ion channels. These in vitro results reveal alteration of pharmacological responses by antibiotics that could have significant influence on the behavior and performance of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Hamilton
- Department of Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305010, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Center for Network Neuroscience, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305010, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
| | - Kamakshi V Gopal
- Department of Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305010, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Center for Network Neuroscience, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305010, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
| | - Ernest J Moore
- Department of Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305010, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Center for Network Neuroscience, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305010, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
| | - Guenter W Gross
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305010, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Center for Network Neuroscience, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305010, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
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8
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Wakx A, Dutot M, Massicot F, Mascarelli F, Limb GA, Rat P. Amyloid β Peptide Induces Apoptosis Through P2X7 Cell Death Receptor in Retinal Cells: Modulation by Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acid DHA and EPA. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 178:368-81. [PMID: 26467741 PMCID: PMC4718936 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Retinal Müller glial cells have already been implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is characterized by accumulation of toxic amyloid-β peptide (Aβ); the question we raise is as follows: is P2X7 receptor, known to play an important role in several degenerative diseases, involved in Aβ toxicity on Müller cells? Retinal Müller glial cells were incubated with Aβ for 48 h. Cell viability was assessed using the alamarBlue assay and cytotoxicity using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. P2X7 receptor expression was highlighted by immunolabeling observed on confocal microscopy and its activation was evaluated by YO-PRO-1 assay. Hoechst 33342 was used to evaluate chromatin condensation, and caspases 8 and 3 activation was assessed using AMC assays. Lipid formulation rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) used in Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 was incubated on cells for 15 min prior to Aβ incubation. For the first time, we showed that Aβ induced caspase-independent apoptosis through P2X7 receptor activation on our retinal model. DHA and EPA are polyunsaturated fatty acids recommended in food supplement to prevent AMD. We therefore modulated Aβ cytotoxicity using a lipid formulation rich in DHA and EPA to have a better understanding of the results observed in clinical studies. We showed that fish oil rich in EPA and DHA, in combination with a potent P2X7 receptor antagonist, represents an efficient modulator of Aβ toxicity and that P2X7 could be an interesting therapeutic target to prevent AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Wakx
- />UMR CNRS 8638—Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- />Inserm U598, Physiopathologie des maladies oculaires, Innovations thérapeutiques, Centre de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Mélody Dutot
- />UMR CNRS 8638—Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- />Laboratoire Yslab, 2 rue Félix Le Dantec, 29000 Quimper, France
- />Inserm U598, Physiopathologie des maladies oculaires, Innovations thérapeutiques, Centre de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - France Massicot
- />UMR CNRS 8638—Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- />Inserm U598, Physiopathologie des maladies oculaires, Innovations thérapeutiques, Centre de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Frédéric Mascarelli
- />INSERM U 872—Physiopathologie des maladies oculaires: Innovations thérapeutiques, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, 15 Rue de l’Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- />Inserm U598, Physiopathologie des maladies oculaires, Innovations thérapeutiques, Centre de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - G. Astrid Limb
- />Division of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, 11 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Patrice Rat
- />UMR CNRS 8638—Chimie-Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- />Inserm U598, Physiopathologie des maladies oculaires, Innovations thérapeutiques, Centre de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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Abstract
Bacteriospermia is a frequent finding in freshly extended porcine semen and can result in detrimental effects on semen quality and longevity if left uncontrolled. The primary source of bacterial contamination is the boar. Other sources that have been identified include environment, personnel, and the water used for extender preparation. A 1-year retrospective study was performed on submissions of extended porcine semen for routine quality control bacteriological screening at the University of Pennsylvania. Out of 250 sample submissions, 78 (31.2%) tested positive for bacterial contamination. The most popular contaminants included Enterococcus spp. (20.5%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (15.4%), Alcaligenes xylosoxidans (10.3%), Serratia marcescens (10.3%), Acinetobacter lwoffi (7.7%), Escherichia coli (6.4%), Pseudomonas spp. (6.4%), and others (23.0%). Prudent individual hygiene, good overall sanitation, and regular monitoring can contribute greatly in controlling bacterial load. Strategies that incorporate temperature-dependent bacterial growth and hyperthermic augmentation of antimicrobial activity are valuable for effective control of susceptible bacterial loads. Aminoglycosides remain the most popular antimicrobial class used in porcine semen extenders, with beta-lactam and lincosamide use increasing. With the advent of more novel antimicrobial selection and semen extender compositions in swine, prudent application and understanding of in vitro pharmacodynamics are becoming paramount to industry success in the use of this breeding modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C Althouse
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348-1692, USA.
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Anniko M, Nordemar H. Ototoxicity or teratogenicity. An analysis of drug-induced effects on the early development of the mammalian otocyst. ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY 1981; 232:43-55. [PMID: 7271577 DOI: 10.1007/bf00661002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The 13th gestational day inner ear (otocyst stage) is particularly vulnerable to toxic influence from the environment during its further development. Ethacrynic acid in a concentration of 1 and 10 micrograms/ml caused complete arrest in development, and this was not overcome when withdrawing the drug after in vitro exposure to ethacrynic acid during 3 days. Gentamicin exposure at 1 and 10 micrograms/ml caused dysmorphogenesis but did not inhibit cytodifferentiation which, however, often was poor. Higher concentrations of gentamicin (100 micrograms/ml) had a more generalized toxic effect not only on epithelial but also on mesenchymal tissue.
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11
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Goetz IE, Moklebust R, Warren CJ. Effects of some antibiotics on the growth of human diploid skin fibroblasts in cell culture. IN VITRO 1979; 15:114-9. [PMID: 457178 DOI: 10.1007/bf02618107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During serial subcultures 50 micrograms per ml gentamicin and penicillin (100 U per ml)-streptomycin (100 micrograms per ml) depressed cell growth signficantly 2 weeks after the addition of the antibiotics; gentamicin, but not penicillin-streptomycin, stimulated cell growth before it became inhibitory. Removal of the antibiotics resulted in the cell yield returning to normal. The results show that these antibiotics can be harmful to cells even at concentrations thought to be safe.
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12
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Fox KE, Brummett RE. The relationship between the cytotoxicity of kanamycin and ethacrynic acid for mammalian cells in vitro and their ototoxicity in vivo. Acta Otolaryngol 1979; 87:72-8. [PMID: 760380 DOI: 10.3109/00016487909126389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dose-effect curves for inhibition of growth of P388/P mouse lymphoma cells by ethacrynic acid and kanamycin used alone and in combination were determined in vitro. Ethacrynic acid was 600 times more potent than kanamycin and combinations of the drugs resulted in overall additive effects. These results were compared with known dose-effect data on the ototoxicity of these drugs in vivo. Kanamycin was highly selective in its toxicity for cochlear hair cells compared to cultured cells. The dose-effect data for ethacrynic acid was coincident with that reported for functional and biochemical effects on the cochlea following perilymphatic perfusion with the drug. The potentiation observed following the ototoxic interaction the two drugs in vivo was not observed following combinations of the drugs in vitro.
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Ginsel LA, van der Want JJ, Daems WT. Qualitative and quantitative preservation of the fine structure of absorptive cells in cultured biopsies of human small-intestine. Cell Tissue Res 1977; 181:143-62. [PMID: 880627 DOI: 10.1007/bf00219977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The fine structure of the absorptive cells in human small-intestinal biopsies cultured for 6, 24, and 48 h was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings show generally good preservation of the cultured absorptive cells and a normal distribution, size, and relative volume of their cell organelles, but there was a systematic decrease in the apical cell surface and an increase in the number of apical vesicles and tubules after culturing. Since the apical vesicles and tubules are thought to have a function in the transport of cell-coat material from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface, these findings raise the question of whether a delayed transport or extrusion of cell surface material occurs. The diminished relative volume of the mitochondria and the increased signs of autophagy in some poorly preserved absorptive cells, are assumed to be an adaption to less favourable culture conditions.
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