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Yang YT, Engleberg AI, Kapoor I, Kitagawa K, Hilburger SA, Thaiwong-Nebelung T, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V. Canine Histiocytic and Hemophagocytic Histiocytic Sarcomas Display KRAS and Extensive PTPN11/SHP2 Mutations and Respond In Vitro to MEK Inhibition by Cobimetinib. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1050. [PMID: 39202410 PMCID: PMC11353564 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare and highly aggressive cancer in humans and dogs. In dogs, it has a high prevalence in certain breeds, such as Bernese mountain dogs (BMDs) and flat-coated retrievers. Hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma (HHS) is a unique form of HS that presents with erythrophagocytosis. Due to its rareness, the study of HHS is very limited, and mutations in canine HHS patients have not been studied to date. In previous work, our research group identified two major PTPN11/SHP2 driver mutations, E76K and G503V, in HS in dogs. Here, we report additional mutations located in exon 3 of PTPN11/SHP2 in both HS and HHS cases, further supporting that this area is a mutational hotspot in dogs and that mutations in tumors and liquid biopsies should be evaluated utilizing comprehensive methods such as Sanger and NextGen sequencing. The overall prevalence of PTPN11/SHP2 mutations was 55.8% in HS and 46.2% in HHS. In addition, we identified mutations in KRAS, in about 3% of HS and 4% of HHS cases. These findings point to the shared molecular pathology of activation of the MAPK pathway in HS and HHS cases. We evaluated the efficacy of the highly specific MEK inhibitor, cobimetinib, in canine HS and HHS cell lines. We found that the IC50 values ranged from 74 to 372 nM, which are within the achievable and tolerable ranges for cobimetinib. This finding positions cobimetinib as a promising potential candidate for future canine clinical trials and enhances our understanding of the molecular defects in these challenging cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics and Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.-T.Y.); (A.I.E.); (I.K.); (S.A.H.)
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Alexander I. Engleberg
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics and Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.-T.Y.); (A.I.E.); (I.K.); (S.A.H.)
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ishana Kapoor
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics and Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.-T.Y.); (A.I.E.); (I.K.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Keita Kitagawa
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Sara A. Hilburger
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics and Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.-T.Y.); (A.I.E.); (I.K.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Tuddow Thaiwong-Nebelung
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA;
| | - Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics and Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.-T.Y.); (A.I.E.); (I.K.); (S.A.H.)
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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Uchida M, Matsumiya Y, Tsuboi M, Uchida K, Nakagawa T, Fujii W, Kobayashi T, Tsujimoto H, Ohmi A, Tomiyasu H, Motegi T, Maeda S, Momoi Y, Yonezawa T. Serum level of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage in dogs with histiocytic sarcoma and its association with the disease. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:391-400. [PMID: 37088561 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare neoplasm of macrophages or dendritic cells with a poor prognosis in dogs. As the apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) is characteristically expressed in canine macrophages, we hypothesised that AIM is involved in the development or progression of HS in dogs. In this study, AIM expression in the tumour region and serum AIM levels in dogs with HS was assessed. Additionally, the effects of AIM overexpression on HS cell viability were investigated using a HS cell line that was selected from five validated HS cell lines. Immunohistochemistry showed that AIM expression was observed in the cytoplasm of the HS cells. CD36, a candidate AIM receptor, was also observed on the cell membrane of HS cells. When the serum AIM level was detected in 36 dogs with HS and 10 healthy dogs via western blot analysis, the AIM levels in the HS dogs were significantly higher than those in the controls. AIM mRNA expression in the 5 HS cell lines varied but was higher than that in the other tumour-derived lines. Among the five HS cell lines, DH82 originally had lower AIM and the highest CD36 expression. When AIM was overexpressed in DH82, therein cell growth speed and invasion, apoptosis inhibition and phagocytic activity were strongly upregulated. These data suggest that elevated intra-tumour expression of AIM could induce the progression of HS cells in dogs. Moreover, elevated serum AIM levels in dogs with HS could serve as a biomarker of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumiya
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Tsuboi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Ohmi
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Motegi
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Momoi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Murphy JD, Axiak-Bechtel S, Milner RJ, Lejeune A, Ossiboff RJ, Gell JC, Shiomitsu K. Characterization of expression and prognostic implications of GD2 and GD3 synthase in canine histiocytic sarcoma. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 259:110594. [PMID: 37058951 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
GD2 and GD3 are disialoganglioside oncofetal antigens important in oncogenesis. GD2 synthase (GD2S) and GD3 synthase (GD3S) are needed for GD2 and GD3 production. The objectives of this study are to validate the use of RNA in situ hybridization (RNAscope®) in the detection of GD2S and GD3S in canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) in vitro and optimize this technique in canine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. A secondary objective is to evaluate the prognostic significance of GD2S and GD3S on survival. Quantitative RT-PCR compared GD2S and GD3S mRNA expression between three HS cell lines followed by RNAscope® in fixed cell pellets from the DH82 cell line and FFPE tissues. Variables prognostic for survival were determined with Cox proportional hazard model. RNAscope® was validated for detection of GD2S and GD3S and optimized in FFPE tissues. GD2S and GD3S mRNA expression was variable between cell lines. GD2S and GD3S mRNA expression was detected and measured in all tumor tissues; there was no association with prognosis. GD2S and GD3S are expressed in canine HS and successfully detected using the high throughput technique of RNAscope® in FFPE samples. This study provides the foundation for future prospective research of GD2S and GD3S utilizing RNAscope®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline D Murphy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Sandra Axiak-Bechtel
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States.
| | - Rowan J Milner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Amandine Lejeune
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Robert J Ossiboff
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Jessy Castellanos Gell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Keijiro Shiomitsu
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
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Murphy JD, Shiomitsu K, Milner RJ, Lejeune A, Ossiboff RJ, Gell JC, Axiak-Bechtel S. Characterization of expression and prognostic implications of transforming growth factor beta, programmed death-ligand 1, and T regulatory cells in canine histiocytic sarcoma. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 257:110560. [PMID: 36804838 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm in dogs. Expression and prognostic significance of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and T regulatory cells (Tregs) in HS is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of TGF-β, PD-L1, and FoxP3/CD25 in canine HS utilizing RNA in situ hybridization (RNAscope®). After validation was performed, RNAscope® on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) patient HS tissue samples was performed for all targets and expression quantified with HALO® software image analysis. Cox proportional hazard model was conducted to investigate the association between survival time and each variable. Additionally, for categorical data, the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method was used to generate survival curves. TGF-β and PD-L1 mRNA expression was confirmed in the DH82 cell line by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and CD25 + FoxP3 + cells were detected by flow cytometry in peripheral blood. Once the RNAscope® method was validated, TGF-β H-score and dots/cell and FoxP3 dots/cell were assessed in HS samples and found to be significantly correlated with survival. Moderate positive correlations were found between FoxP3 and PD-L1 H-score, percent staining area, and dots/cell, and FoxP3 and TGF-β dots/cell. In summary, RNAscope® is a valid technique to detect TGF-β and PD-L1 expression and identify Tregs in canine HS FFPE tissues. Furthermore, canine HS expresses TGF-β and PD-L1. Increased TGF-β and FoxP3 correlated with worse prognosis. Prospective studies are warranted to further investigate TGF-β, PD-L1, and Tregs effect on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline D Murphy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Keijiro Shiomitsu
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Rowan J Milner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Amandine Lejeune
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Robert J Ossiboff
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Jessy Castellanos Gell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Sandra Axiak-Bechtel
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States.
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Engelien JL, Lejeune AT, Dark MJ, Milner RJ, Shiomitsu K. RNA in situ hybridisation as a molecular diagnostic technique targeting IBA-1 and CD204 in canine histiocytic sarcoma. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1400-1408. [PMID: 35339118 PMCID: PMC9297782 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive cancer with morphologically variable features; therefore, obtaining a definitive diagnosis can be challenging. Two proteins, IBA‐1, ionised calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1, and CD204, a macrophage scavenger receptor, have been shown to be specific immunohistochemical markers helpful in distinguishing HS from other tumour types with similar morphological features. Objectives This study was performed to demonstrate the use of RNA in situ hybridisation (ISH) technology allowing single‐molecule RNA visualisation in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissues as a molecular tool for the diagnosis of canine HS. Methods Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and western blot analysis for IBA‐1 and CD204 were performed to correlate gene expression and protein expression of these two markers in the histiocytic sarcoma DH82 cell line. RNA‐ISH for IBA‐1 and CD204 was performed on the DH82 cell line to validate the RNA‐ISH probes. RNA‐ISH and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed in clinical HS FFPE samples to demonstrate mRNA and protein expression of IBA‐1 and CD204. FFPE archived samples of canine round cell tumours, melanoma and anaplastic sarcoma were used as negative controls. Results RNA‐ISH and IHC showed moderate to strong expression for IBA‐1 and CD204 in the neoplastic cells in both the canine DH82 cell line and the archived canine HS samples. RNA‐ISH and IHC showed scattered positive staining in the control tumours samples, consistent with macrophagic infiltration. Conclusion RNA‐ISH for CD204 and IBA‐1 appeared to have a high specificity and sensitivity in our samples and may be an additional valuable diagnostic technique in identifying HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Engelien
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amandine T Lejeune
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Michael J Dark
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rowan J Milner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Keijiro Shiomitsu
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Murase Y, Hosoya K, Sato T, Kim S, Okumura M. Antitumor activity of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor gedatolisib and the involvement of ABCB1 in gedatolisib resistance in canine tumor cells. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:61. [PMID: 35088890 PMCID: PMC8848474 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) signaling pathway is a therapeutic target for various types of human tumors, and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors demonstrate antitumor activities in both preclinical and clinical studies. However, resistance mechanisms limit their abilities. As the molecular mechanisms involved in the cellular resistance are not clear in any canine tumors, an understanding of resistance mechanisms would support the potential use of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in canine tumors. The antitumor activity of gedatolisib on cell viability, protein phosphorylation, and cell cycle distribution was assessed using 12 canine tumor cell lines from 6 types of tumors. In addition, the molecular determinants involved in the cellular sensitivity to gedatolisib were explored by investigating the involvement of serum-and-glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1), PIK3CA, and ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, member 1 (ABCB1). The results demonstrated that gedatolisib decreased cell viability in all cell lines, with IC50 values <1 µM in 10 of the 12 lines. Gedatolisib inhibited Akt and mTOR complex 1 substrate phosphorylation and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. However, certain cell lines with higher IC50 values were more resistant to these effects. These cell lines exhibited higher ABCB1 activity and the ABCB1 inhibitor cyclosporin A enhanced the decrease of cell viability caused by gedatolisib. SGK1 overexpression did not confer resistance to gedatolisib. The mutations of E545K and H1047R in PIK3CA were not observed. The present results indicated that gedatolisib decreased cell viability in canine tumor cell lines and ABCB1 played an important role in gedatolisib resistance, supporting the potential use of gedatolisib for canine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Murase
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑0818, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑0818, Japan
| | - Takachika Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑0818, Japan
| | - Sangho Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑0818, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okumura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑0818, Japan
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Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bartonella Grown in Different Culture Conditions. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060718. [PMID: 34201011 PMCID: PMC8229624 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonellosis is caused by a Gram-negative intracellular bacterium with a zoonotic transmission. The disease, caused by any of several genospecies of Bartonella can range from a benign, self-limited condition to a highly morbid and life-threatening illness. The current standard of care antibiotics are generally effective in acute infection; these include azithromycin or erythromycin, doxycycline, gentamicin, rifampin, and ciprofloxacin. However, treatment of chronic infection remains problematic. We tested six different antibiotics for their ability to stop the growth of Bartonella sp. in the standard insect media and in an enrichment media. All antibiotics (ceftriaxone, doxycycline, gentamycin, azithromycin, ampicillin, and azlocillin) had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) below 0.5 µg/mL in the BAPGM enrichment media but were ineffective at inhibiting growth when the standard insect media was used. Azlocillin was the most potent, with a MIC of 0.01 µg/mL. When Bartonella was tested under intracellular growth conditions, none of the antibiotics were efficacious singly. However, growth inhibition was observed when azlocillin and azithromycin were combined. These studies illustrate the impact of growth medium and intracellular environment on antibiotic susceptibility testing and indicate that azlocillin combined with azithromycin may be an effective drug combination for the treatment of Bartonellosis.
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Abstract
Infection with obligatory intracellular bacteria is difficult to treat, as intracellular targets and delivery methods of therapeutics are not well known. Ehrlichia translocated factor-1 (Etf-1), a type IV secretion system (T4SS) effector, is a primary virulence factor for an obligatory intracellular bacterium, Ehrlichia chaffeensis In this study, we developed Etf-1-specific nanobodies (Nbs) by immunizing a llama to determine if intracellular Nbs block Etf-1 functions and Ehrlichia infection. Of 24 distinct anti-Etf-1 Nbs, NbD7 blocked mitochondrial localization of Etf-1-GFP in cotransfected cells. NbD7 and control Nb (NbD3) bound to different regions of Etf-1. Size-exclusion chromatography showed that the NbD7 and Etf-1 complex was more stable than the NbD3 and Etf-1 complex. Intracellular expression of NbD7 inhibited three activities of Etf-1 and E. chaffeensis: up-regulation of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase, reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of cellular apoptosis. Consequently, intracellular NbD7 inhibited Ehrlichia infection, whereas NbD3 did not. To safely and effectively deliver Nbs into the host cell cytoplasm, NbD7 was conjugated to cyclized cell-permeable peptide 12 (CPP12-NbD7). CPP12-NbD7 effectively entered mammalian cells and abrogated the blockade of cellular apoptosis caused by E. chaffeensis and inhibited infection by E. chaffeensis in cell culture and in a severe combined-immunodeficiency mouse model. Our results demonstrate the development of an Nb that interferes with T4SS effector functions and intracellular pathogen infection, along with an intracellular delivery method for this Nb. This strategy should overcome current barriers to advance mechanistic research and develop therapies complementary or alternative to the current broad-spectrum antibiotic.
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Eto S, Yanai H, Hangai S, Kato D, Nishimura R, Nakagawa T. The impact of damage-associated molecules released from canine tumor cells on gene expression in macrophages. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8525. [PMID: 33875721 PMCID: PMC8055655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dying or damaged cells that are not completely eradicated by the immune system release their intracellular components in the extracellular space. Aberrant exposure of the damage-associated molecules to the immune system is often associated with inflammation and cancer pathogenesis. Thus, elucidating the role of damage-associated molecules in inducing sterile immune responses is crucial. In this study, we show that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is produced in the supernatants from several types of canine necrotic tumor cell lines. Inhibition of PGE2 production by indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, induces the expression of tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) mRNA in the necrotic tumor cell supernatants. These results comply with the previous observations reported in mouse cell lines. Furthermore, comprehensive ribonucleic acid-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that three categories of genes were induced by the damage-associated molecules: (i) a group of PGE2-inducible genes, (ii) genes that promote inflammation and are suppressed by PGE2, and (iii) a group of genes not suppressed by PGE2. Collectively, our findings reveal the hitherto unknown immune regulatory system by PGE2 and damage-associated molecules, which may have clinical implications in inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Eto
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Inflammology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yanai
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Inflammology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505 Japan
| | - Sho Hangai
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Inflammology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505 Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
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Sophocleous RA, Miles NA, Ooi L, Sluyter R. P2Y 2 and P2X4 Receptors Mediate Ca 2+ Mobilization in DH82 Canine Macrophage Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228572. [PMID: 33202978 PMCID: PMC7696671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors of the P2 subclass are commonly found in human and rodent macrophages where they can be activated by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) or uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) to mediate Ca2+ mobilization, resulting in downstream signalling to promote inflammation and pain. However, little is understood regarding these receptors in canine macrophages. To establish a macrophage model of canine P2 receptor signalling, the expression of these receptors in the DH82 canine macrophage cell line was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry. P2 receptor function in DH82 cells was pharmacologically characterised using nucleotide-induced measurements of Fura-2 AM-bound intracellular Ca2+. RT-PCR revealed predominant expression of P2X4 receptors, while immunocytochemistry confirmed predominant expression of P2Y2 receptors, with low levels of P2X4 receptor expression. ATP and UTP induced robust Ca2+ responses in the absence or presence of extracellular Ca2+. ATP-induced responses were only partially inhibited by the P2X4 receptor antagonists, 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-ATP (TNP-ATP), paroxetine and 5-BDBD, but were strongly potentiated by ivermectin. UTP-induced responses were near completely inhibited by the P2Y2 receptor antagonists, suramin and AR-C118925. P2Y2 receptor-mediated Ca2+ mobilization was inhibited by U-73122 and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), indicating P2Y2 receptor coupling to the phospholipase C and inositol triphosphate signal transduction pathway. Together this data demonstrates, for the first time, the expression of functional P2 receptors in DH82 canine macrophage cells and identifies a potential cell model for studying macrophage-mediated purinergic signalling in inflammation and pain in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece Andrew Sophocleous
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (R.A.S.); (N.A.M.); (L.O.)
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Nicole Ashleigh Miles
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (R.A.S.); (N.A.M.); (L.O.)
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (R.A.S.); (N.A.M.); (L.O.)
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Ronald Sluyter
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (R.A.S.); (N.A.M.); (L.O.)
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +612-4221-5508
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11
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Phenotype evaluation of human and canine isolates of Leishmania infantum. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 73:101551. [PMID: 33010787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in countries of South and Central America are caused by Leishmania infantum and has been endemic in Brazil for several years. The parasite biodiversity as well as the pharmacologic properties of drugs and the host species, are involved in the efficacy or inefficacy of leishmaniasis treatments. Although there are substantial number of reports describing the genetic characterization of the clinical field isolates of L. infantum,the phenotypic parameters have been less studied. In this study isolates from human and canine leishmaniasis (Hum1 and Can1) obtained in Campinas, São Paulo state, Brazil were identified as L. infantum. The Hum1 and Can1 isolates exhibited typical promastigote growth pattern. Regarding morphological features Can1 isolate differed in cell size. The infectivity in vitro of both isolatesis lower compared to the reference strain of L. infantum. Moreover, the in vivo infectivity of the three parasites is similar in Balb/c mice. The Hum1 isolate is more sensitive to leishmanial drugs (amphotericin B, miltefosine and glucantime) than the Can1 isolate when inside human macrophages, but not when inside canine macrophages. These findings indicated that L. infantum isolates differs in some phenotypic characteristics.
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12
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Medeiros MÂDS, Silva MHD, Matta MADV, Ferreira EDO, Machado SL, Soares JF, Labruna MB, Toma HK, Xavier MDS, Meirelles MDNSLD, Almosny NRP. Expression and antigenic analysis of the recombinant TRP36 protein from Ehrlichia canis São Paulo strain for serologic tests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:e005820. [PMID: 32756774 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ehrlichia canis is the main etiological agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), a globally canine infectious disease. In Brazil, CME is considered to be endemic, and its prevalence can reach 65% in some states. The diagnosis of ehrlichiosis is important for treatment and epidemiological purposes. The E. canis TRP36 (Tandem Repeat Protein) protein elicits the earliest acute-phase antibody response observed during the course of the disease. This study aimed to generate the recombinant TRP36 protein from E. canis São Paulo strain and to evaluate its potential as a tool for the serologic diagnosis of CME. The E. canis São Paulo isolate was cultivated in DH82 lineage cells, and its genomic DNA was obtained. The bacterial DNA fragment encoding the entire ORF of TRP36 was cloned into the pBAD/Thio-TOPO vector and transformed into Escherichia coli DH10B competent cells with the trp36-bearing plasmid for protein expression. To evaluate the protein antigenicity, 16 canine serum samples were previously tested (by PCR and the commercial SNAP®4Dx® serological test). The results were in accordance with the SNAP®4Dx® test. Experiments using this recombinant protein as an antigen, targeting the development of a serologic test based on ELISA methodology, are the next step to produce a reliable, affordable and useful diagnostic tool for CME in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ângelo da Silva Medeiros
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Castelo Branco - UCB, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria Helena da Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Eliane de Oliveira Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Lisboa Machado
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular e Hematologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - João Fábio Soares
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Bahia Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Helena Keiko Toma
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular e Hematologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Márcia de Souza Xavier
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria de Nazareth Silveira Leal de Meirelles
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Castelo Branco - UCB, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Nádia Regina Pereira Almosny
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
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13
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Nadaes NR, Silva da Costa L, Santana RC, LaRocque-de-Freitas IF, Vivarini ÁDC, Soares DC, Wardini AB, Gazos Lopes U, Saraiva EM, Freire-de-Lima CG, Decote-Ricardo D, Pinto-da-Silva LH. DH82 Canine and RAW264.7 Murine Macrophage Cell Lines Display Distinct Activation Profiles Upon Interaction With Leishmania infantum and Leishmania amazonensis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:247. [PMID: 32596164 PMCID: PMC7303514 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an anthropozoonotic disease, and dogs are considered the main urban reservoir of the parasite. Macrophages, the target cells of Leishmania sp., play an important role during infection. Although dogs have a major importance in the epidemiology of the disease, the majority of the current knowledge about Leishmania–macrophage interaction comes from murine experimental models. To assess whether the canine macrophage strain DH82 is an accurate model for the study of Leishmania interaction, we compared its infection by two species of Leishmania (Leishmania infantum and L. amazonensis) with the murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7). Our results demonstrated that L. amazonensis survival was around 40% at 24 h of infection inside both macrophage cell lines; however, a reduction of 4.3 times in L. amazonensis infection at 48 h post-infection in RAW 264.7 macrophages was observed. The survival index of L. infantum in DH82 canine macrophages was around 3 times higher than that in RAW264.7 murine cells at 24 and 48 h post-infection; however, at 48 h a reduction in both macrophages was observed. Surprisingly at 24 h post-infection, NO and ROS production by DH82 canine cells stimulated with LPS or menadione or during Leishmania infection was minor compared to murine RAW264.7. However, basal arginase activity was higher in DH82 cells when compared to murine RAW264.7 cells. Analysis of the cytokines showed that these macrophages present a different response profile. L. infantum induced IL-12, and L. amazonensis induced IL-10 in both cell lines. However, L. infantum and L. amazonensis also induced TGF-β in RAW 264.7. CD86 and MHC expression showed that L. amazonensis modulated them in both cell lines. Conversely, the parasite load profile did not show significant difference between both macrophage cell lines after 48 h of infection, which suggests that other mechanisms of Leishmania control could be involved in DH82 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rocha Nadaes
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Leandro Silva da Costa
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raissa Couto Santana
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | | | | | - Deivid Costa Soares
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Brito Wardini
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Ulisses Gazos Lopes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elvira M Saraiva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Decote-Ricardo
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
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14
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Takeuchi H, Konnai S, Maekawa N, Minato E, Ichikawa Y, Kobayashi A, Okagawa T, Murata S, Ohashi K. Expression Analysis of Canine CMTM6 and CMTM4 as Potential Regulators of the PD-L1 Protein in Canine Cancers. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:330. [PMID: 32596272 PMCID: PMC7300202 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most significant causes of death in dogs. Antibody drugs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis represent a promising immunotherapy for both human and canine cancers. However, the regulation mechanisms of PD-L1 expression in canine cancers require further investigation to better understand the resistance mechanisms to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Recent reports have shown that CMTM6 and CMTM4 are critical regulators of PD-L1 protein expression in human cancer cells. By preventing PD-L1 from lysosome-mediated degradation, CMTM6 maintains PD-L1 expression on the cell surface. However, the literature has not reported on CMTM6 and CMTM4 in dogs, and their functions are completely unknown. To reveal a regulation mechanism of PD-L1 in canine cancers, this study firstly identified the gene sequences of CMTM6 and CMTM4. Then, the expression analysis of these proteins was performed by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the functions of CMTM6 and CMTM4 in regulating PD-L1 expression were examined by gene knockdown of CMTM6 and CMTM4. Canine CMTM6 and CMTM4 displayed high amino acid sequence identities compared with those of humans and mice. An immunohistochemical analysis using cross-reactive antibodies revealed that canine malignant melanoma and osteosarcoma express CMTM6, CMTM4, and PD-L1 simultaneously. Gene knockdown of CMTM6 and CMTM4 with RNA interference significantly reduced the cell surface expression of PD-L1 in a canine cell line. These results suggest that CMTM6 and CMTM4 are regulators of PD-L1 expression in canine cancers and could serve as potential therapeutic targets to enhance antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Takeuchi
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Erina Minato
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ichikawa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiro Murata
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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15
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Armando F, Gambini M, Corradi A, Giudice C, Pfankuche VM, Brogden G, Attig F, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Baumgärtner W, Puff C. Oxidative Stress in Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma Cells Induced by an Infection with Canine Distemper Virus Led to a Dysregulation of HIF-1α Downstream Pathway Resulting in a Reduced Expression of VEGF-B in vitro. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020200. [PMID: 32054075 PMCID: PMC7077254 DOI: 10.3390/v12020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcomas represent malignant tumors which require new treatment strategies. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a promising candidate due to its oncolytic features reported in a canine histiocytic sarcoma cell line (DH82 cells). Interestingly, the underlying mechanism might include a dysregulation of angiogenesis. Based on these findings, the aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of a persistent CDV-infection on oxidative stress mediated changes in the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and its angiogenic downstream pathway in DH82 cells in vitro. Microarray data analysis, immunofluorescence for 8-hydroxyguanosine, superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase, and flow cytometry for oxidative burst displayed an increased oxidative stress in persistently CDV-infected DH82 cells (DH82Ond pi) compared to controls. The HIF-1α expression in DH82Ond pi increased, as demonstrated by Western blot, and showed an unexpected, often sub-membranous distribution, as shown by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Furthermore, microarray data analysis and immunofluorescence confirmed a reduced expression of VEGF-B in DH82Ond pi compared to controls. In summary, these results suggest a reduced activation of the HIF-1α angiogenic downstream pathway in DH82Ond pi cells in vitro, most likely due to an excessive, unusually localized, and non-functional expression of HIF-1α triggered by a CDV-induced increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (V.M.P.); (F.A.); (C.P.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Matteo Gambini
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (V.M.P.); (F.A.); (C.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via dell‘Universitá 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via dell‘Universitá 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Vanessa Maria Pfankuche
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (V.M.P.); (F.A.); (C.P.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Graham Brogden
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.v.K.-B.)
| | - Friederike Attig
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (V.M.P.); (F.A.); (C.P.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (M.v.K.-B.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (V.M.P.); (F.A.); (C.P.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-8620
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (V.M.P.); (F.A.); (C.P.)
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16
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Saeed MEM, Breuer E, Hegazy MEF, Efferth T. Retrospective study of small pet tumors treated with Artemisia annua and iron. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:123-138. [PMID: 31789393 PMCID: PMC6910181 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin from Artemisia annua L. and its derivatives are well-known antimalarial drugs. In addition, in vitro studies, in vivo studies and clinical trials have demonstrated that these drugs exhibit anticancer activity in human patients with cancer. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether a phytotherapeutic A. annua preparation exerts anticancer activity in veterinary tumors of small pets. Dogs and cats with spontaneous cancer (n=20) were treated with standard therapy plus a commercial A. annua preparation (Luparte®) and compared with a control group treated with standard therapy alone (n=11). Immunohistochemical analyses were performed with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies to analyze the expression of transferrin receptor (TfR) and the proliferation marker Ki-67 as possible biomarkers to assess treatment response of tumors to A. annua. Finally, the expression levels of TfR and Ki-67 were compared with the IC50 values towards artemisinin in two dog tumor cells lines (DH82 and DGBM) and a panel of 54 human tumor cell lines. Retrospectively, the present study assessed the survival times of small animals treated by standard therapy with or without A. annua. A. annua treatment was associated with a significantly higher number of animals surviving >18 months compared with animals without A. annua treatment (P=0.0331). Using a second set of small pet tumors, a significant correlation was identified between TfR and Ki-67 expression by immunohistochemistry (P=0.025). To further assess the association of transferrin and Ki-67 expression with cellular response to artemisinin, the present study compared the expression of these two biomarkers and the IC50 values for artemisinin in National Cancer Institute tumor cell lines in vitro. Both markers were inversely associated with artemisinin response (P<0.05), and the expression levels of TfR and Ki-67 were significantly correlated (P=0.008). In conclusion, the promising results of the present retrospective study warrant further confirmation by prospective studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, D‑55128 Rhineland‑Palatinate, Germany
| | - Elmar Breuer
- Veterinary Clinic for Small Animals, 'Alte Ziegelei' Müllheim, D‑79379 Baden, Germany
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F Hegazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, D‑55128 Rhineland‑Palatinate, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, D‑55128 Rhineland‑Palatinate, Germany
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17
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Establishment of a Virulent Full-Length cDNA Clone for Type I Feline Coronavirus Strain C3663. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01208-19. [PMID: 31375588 PMCID: PMC6803248 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01208-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most important infectious diseases in cats and is caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV). Tissue culture-adapted type I FCoV shows reduced FIP induction in experimental infections, which complicates the understanding of FIP pathogenesis caused by type I FCoV. We previously found that the type I FCoV strain C3663 efficiently induces FIP in specific-pathogen-free cats through the naturally infectious route. In this study, we employed a bacterial artificial chromosome-based reverse genetics system to gain more insights into FIP caused by the C3633 strain. We successfully generated recombinant virus (rC3663) from Fcwf-4 cells transfected with infectious cDNA that showed growth kinetics similar to those shown by the parental virus. Next, we constructed a reporter C3663 virus carrying the nanoluciferase (Nluc) gene to measure viral replication with high sensitivity. The inhibitory effects of different compounds against rC3663-Nluc could be measured within 24 h postinfection. Furthermore, we found that A72 cells derived from canine fibroblasts permitted FCoV replication without apparent cytopathic effects. Thus, our reporter virus is useful for uncovering the infectivity of type I FCoV in different cell lines, including canine-derived cells. Surprisingly, we uncovered aberrant viral RNA transcription of rC3663 in A72 cells. Overall, we succeeded in obtaining infectious cDNA clones derived from type I FCoV that retained its virulence. Our recombinant FCoVs are powerful tools for increasing our understanding of the viral life cycle and pathogenesis of FIP-inducing type I FCoV.IMPORTANCE Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is one of the most significant coronaviruses, because this virus induces feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), which is a lethal disease in cats. Tissue culture-adapted type I FCoV often loses pathogenicity, which complicates research on type I FCoV-induced feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Since we previously found that type I FCoV strain C3663 efficiently induces FIP in specific-pathogen-free cats, we established a reverse genetics system for the C3663 strain to obtain recombinant viruses in the present study. By using a reporter C3663 virus, we were able to examine the inhibitory effect of 68 compounds on C3663 replication in Fcwf-4 cells and infectivity in a canine-derived cell line. Interestingly, one canine cell line, A72, permitted FCoV replication but with low efficiency and aberrant viral gene expression.
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18
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Soto JM, Mas A, Rodrigo JA, Alieva T, Domínguez-Bernal G. Label-free bioanalysis of Leishmania infantum using refractive index tomography with partially coherent illumination. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900030. [PMID: 31081235 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the use of refractive index (RI) tomography for quantitative analysis of unstained DH82 cell line infected with Leishmania infantum. The cell RI is reconstructed by using a modality of optical diffraction tomography technique that employs partially coherent illumination, thus enabling inherent compatibility with conventional wide-field microscopes. The experimental results demonstrate that the cell dry mass concentration (DMC) obtained from the RI allows for reliable detection and quantitative characterization of the infection and its temporal evolution. The RI provides important insight for studying morphological changes, particularly membrane blebbing linked to an apoptosis (cell death) process induced by the disease. Moreover, the results evidence that infected DH82 cells exhibit a higher DMC than healthy samples. These findings open up promising perspectives for clinical diagnosis of Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Soto
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Mas
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Rodrigo
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tatiana Alieva
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo Domínguez-Bernal
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Asada H, Tomiyasu H, Goto-Koshino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Effect of a two-base insertion mutation of the TP53 gene on expression of p53 protein in canine histiocytic sarcoma cells. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:680-688. [PMID: 31246118 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.7.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine effects of a common mutation (2-base insertion in exon 5) of the TP53 gene on biological function of p53 protein in canine histiocytic sarcoma cells. SAMPLE Canine histiocytic tumor cell lines DH82 with deletion of TP53 and CHS-3 with the wild-type TP53 and canine wild-type and mutant TP53 fragments. PROCEDURES Wild-type or mutant TP53 with a polyprotein peptide tag at the N-terminus was transduced into DH82 and CHS-3 cells. Expression of p53 protein, changes in function as a transcription factor, and susceptibility to doxorubicin and nimustine were compared. RESULTS Transduced p53 protein was detected in wild-type TP53-transduced DH82 and CHS-3 cells, whereas expression was not detected in mutant TP53-transduced cells. There were significant increases in expression of target genes of p53 protein, including p21 and MDM2, in wild-type TP53-transduced cells, compared with results for native and mock-transfected cells, but not in mutant TP53-transduced cells. There was no significant difference in drug susceptibilities among native and derivative cells of CHS-3. However, cell viabilities of wild-type TP53-transduced DH82 cells incubated with doxorubicin were significantly lower than viabilities of native, mock-transfected, and AT insertion mutation-TP53-transduced DH82 cells; susceptibility to nimustine did not differ significantly among cells. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Expression of p53 protein and its function as a transcription factor were lost after addition of a 2-base insertion in the TP53 gene in canine histiocytic tumor cells. Additional studies are needed to investigate the clinical relevance of this mutation in histiocytic sarcomas of dogs.
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20
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Takada M, Smyth LA, Thaiwong T, Richter M, Corner SM, Schall PZ, Kiupel M, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V. Activating Mutations in PTPN11 and KRAS in Canine Histiocytic Sarcomas. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070505. [PMID: 31277422 PMCID: PMC6678586 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While the genetic contributions to the predisposition of Bernese mountain dogs (BMDs) to histiocytic sarcoma (HS) remains unclear, some insights into key genetic drivers have been gained. Our group recently reported a mutation in the PTPN11 gene (E76K). We have now identified a second missense mutation in PTPN11 (G503V), and a mutation in KRAS (Q61H) present in HS cell lines. These mutations are associated with malignancies in humans, and known to be gain-of-function mutations that result in activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of these mutations in a large sample of HS cases from BMDs and golden retrievers, and in lymphoma cases, from a cohort of BMDs. Mutations in PTPN11 were present in HS in 41/96 (43%) BMDs, and in 3/13 (23%) golden retrievers. PTPN11 mutations E76K and G503V did not coexist in the same neoplasm. The KRAS mutation was much less frequent, with a prevalence of 3.1% (3/96). We did not identify either PTPN11 nor KRAS mutations in any of the lymphoma samples. These results point out the potential relevance of PTPN11 and KRAS mutations as activators of the oncogenic MAPK pathway for canine HS, particularly in BMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Takada
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Lauren A Smyth
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tuddow Thaiwong
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - Marlee Richter
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah M Corner
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - Peter Z Schall
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
- Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Santarém N, Tavares J, Cordeiro-da-Silva A. In Vitro Infections of Macrophage-Like Cell Lines with Leishmania infantum for Drug Screening. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1971:265-277. [PMID: 30980309 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9210-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study of in vitro infections is essential to evaluate distinct aspects of Leishmania biology and also invaluable for more meaningful in vitro screening of promising chemical entities. Macrophage-like cells lines from different origins are amenable to Leishmania infection. Cell lines due to their stability and standardization potential are highly valued for their capacity to support reproducible infections and consistent data. In fact, these cells have been a mainstay of leishmaniasis research for more than 40 years. In this context, the human monocytic THP-1 cell line is commonly used as it can be differentiated with phorbol-12myristate-13-acetate (PMA) into macrophages that are susceptible to Leishmania infection. In this section, we will describe generalities concerning the use of cell lines for in vitro Leishmania infection using THP-1 derived macrophages and Leishmania infantum axenic amastigotes expressing luciferase associated to preclinical drug screening as example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Santarém
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Parasite Disease Group, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Tavares
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Parasite Disease Group, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Parasite Disease Group, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Ross P, Nemec PS, Kapatos A, Miller KR, Holmes JC, Suter SE, Buntzman AS, Soderblom EJ, Collins EJ, Hess PR. The canine MHC class Ia allele DLA-88*508:01 presents diverse self- and canine distemper virus-origin peptides of varying length that have a conserved binding motif. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 197:76-86. [PMID: 29475511 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ideally, CD8+ T-cell responses against virally infected or malignant cells are defined at the level of the specific peptide and restricting MHC class I element, a determination not yet made in the dog. To advance the discovery of canine CTL epitopes, we sought to determine whether a putative classical MHC class Ia gene, Dog Leukocyte Antigen (DLA)-88, presents peptides from a viral pathogen, canine distemper virus (CDV). To investigate this possibility, DLA-88*508:01, an allele prevalent in Golden Retrievers, was expressed as a FLAG-tagged construct in canine histiocytic cells to allow affinity purification of peptide-DLA-88 complexes and subsequent elution of bound peptides. Pattern analysis of self peptide sequences, which were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), permitted binding preferences to be inferred. DLA-88*508:01 binds peptides that are 9-to-12 amino acids in length, with a modest preference for 9- and 11-mers. Hydrophobic residues are favored at positions 2 and 3, as are K, R or F residues at the C-terminus. Testing motif-matched and -unmatched synthetic peptides via peptide-MHC surface stabilization assay using a DLA-88*508:01-transfected, TAP-deficient RMA-S line supported these conclusions. With CDV infection, 22 viral peptides ranging from 9-to-12 residues in length were identified in DLA-88*508:01 eluates by LC-MS/MS. Combined motif analysis and surface stabilization assay data suggested that 11 of these 22 peptides, derived from CDV hemagglutinin, large polymerase, matrix, nucleocapsid, and V proteins, were processed and presented, and thus, potential targets of anti-viral CTL in DLA-88*508:01-bearing dogs. The presentation of diverse self and viral peptides indicates that DLA-88 is a classical MHC class Ia gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ross
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Paige S Nemec
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Alexander Kapatos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Keith R Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer C Holmes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Steven E Suter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Adam S Buntzman
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Erik J Soderblom
- Proteomics Core Facility, Institute for Genome Science and Policy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Edward J Collins
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Paul R Hess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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Silaghi C, Santos AS, Gomes J, Christova I, Matei IA, Walder G, Domingos A, Bell-Sakyi L, Sprong H, von Loewenich FD, Oteo JA, de la Fuente J, Dumler JS. Guidelines for the Direct Detection of Anaplasma spp. in Diagnosis and Epidemiological Studies. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:12-22. [PMID: 28055579 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) comprises obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria that are mainly transmitted by ticks, and currently includes six species: Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma centrale, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, and Anaplasma ovis. These have long been known as etiological agents of veterinary diseases that affect domestic and wild animals worldwide. A zoonotic role has been recognized for A. phagocytophilum, but other species can also be pathogenic for humans. Anaplasma infections are usually challenging to diagnose, clinically presenting with nonspecific symptoms that vary greatly depending on the agent involved, the affected host, and other factors such as immune status and coinfections. The substantial economic impact associated with livestock infection and the growing number of human cases along with the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections, determines the need for accurate laboratory tests. Because hosts are usually seronegative in the initial phase of infection and serological cross-reactions with several Anaplasma species are observed after seroconversion, direct tests are the best approach for both case definition and epidemiological studies. Blood samples are routinely used for Anaplasma spp. screening, but in persistently infected animals with intermittent or low-level bacteremia, other tissues might be useful. These guidelines have been developed as a direct outcome of the COST action TD1303 EURNEGVEC ("European Network of Neglected Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases"). They review the direct laboratory tests (microscopy, nucleic acid-based detection and in vitro isolation) currently used for Anaplasma detection in ticks and vertebrates and their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Silaghi
- 1 National Center for Vector Entomology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Sofia Santos
- 2 Center for Vector and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge , Águas de Moura, Portugal
| | - Jacinto Gomes
- 3 Animal Health and Production Unit, National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research , Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Iva Christova
- 4 Department of Microbiology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases , Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ioana Adriana Matei
- 5 Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca , Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gernot Walder
- 6 Department of Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University , Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ana Domingos
- 7 Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lesley Bell-Sakyi
- 8 The Pirbright Institute , Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Hein Sprong
- 9 Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - José A Oteo
- 11 Infectious Diseases Department, Center of Rickettsioses and Arthropod-Borne Diseases , Hospital San Pedro- CIBIR, Logroño, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- 12 SaBio. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ciudad Real, Spain .,13 Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - J Stephen Dumler
- 14 Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland , School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,15 Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University for the Health Sciences "America's Medical School," Bethesda, Maryland
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Zhan J, Cheng J, Hu B, Li J, Pan R, Yang Z, Zou W, Zhan F, Guo D. Pathogens and epidemiologic feature of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Hubei province, China. Virus Res 2017; 232:63-68. [PMID: 28089865 PMCID: PMC7114523 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the aetiological agents and epidemiologic features of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Hubei province, China, sera from patients were collected from January to December 2011. All cases occurred from April to December, and the epidemic peaked from May to August. The ages of patients ranged from 10 to 86 years (median=55years), and the incidence of SFTS increased with age. The female:male ratio of cases was 1.008:1, and 54.6% (77/141) and 1.4% (2/141) of the cases were confirmed by qPCR to be SFTSV and Hantavirus (HV) infection, respectively. No case of simultaneous infection with two or more pathogens was found. The research in this paper showed that some suspected SFTS cases are confused with HV infection due to similar symptoms. The analysis showed that the distribution of SFTSV has a marked regional aggregation in Hubei province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhan
- Institute of Medical Virology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Division for Viral Disease Detection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- College of Medicine, Wuhan university of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Division for Viral Disease Detection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jing Li
- Division for Viral Disease Detection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ruangang Pan
- Division for Viral Disease Detection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Division for Viral Disease Detection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Wenjing Zou
- Division for Viral Disease Detection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Faxian Zhan
- Division for Viral Disease Detection, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Deyin Guo
- Institute of Medical Virology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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25
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Thongtharb A, Uchida K, Chambers JK, Nakayama H. Variations in Histiocytic Differentiation of Cell Lines From Canine Cerebral and Articular Histiocytic Sarcomas. Vet Pathol 2017; 54:395-404. [PMID: 28178429 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817690211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Two newly established canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) cell lines, designated as PWC-HS01 and FCR-HS02, were obtained from brain and articular tumors, respectively. These 2 HS cell lines had phagocytic ability and modal chromosome aberrations. Although morphologic features of both HS cells were similar, immunocytochemical examinations revealed that the PWC-HS01 cell line expressed both dendritic cell (ie, S100, CD208, CD1, and CD4) and macrophage (ie, CD68, CD163, and CD204) markers. In contrast, the FCR-HS02 cell line was immunonegative for CD204 and CD68 but consistently positive for the dendritic cell markers. Moreover, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed histiocytic differentiation of both HS cell lines. These results suggest that HS from the central nervous system may have a tendency to be more undifferentiated compared with cases from other organs. In addition, the 2 newly established HS cell lines were also tumorigenic and metastatic in immunodeficient mice, supporting that these cell lines can be used as new tumor models for investigating canine histiocytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thongtharb
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Uchida
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J K Chambers
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Nakayama
- 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Friedenberg SG, Strange HR, Guillaumin J, VanGundy ZC, Crouser ED, Papenfuss TL. Effect of disrupted mitochondria as a source of damage-associated molecular patterns on the production of tumor necrosis factor α by splenocytes from dogs. Am J Vet Res 2017; 77:604-12. [PMID: 27227498 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.6.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) derived from disrupted mitochondria on canine splenocytes and other immune cells. SAMPLES Liver, spleen, and bone marrow samples obtained from 8 cadavers of healthy research Beagles that had been euthanized for other purposes. PROCEDURES Mitochondria were obtained from canine hepatocytes, and mitochondrial DAMPs (containing approx 75% mitochondrial proteins) were prepared. Mitochondrial DAMPs and the nuclear cytokine high-mobility group box protein 1 were applied to splenocytes, bone marrow-differentiated dendritic cells, and a canine myelomonocytic cell (DH82) line for 6 or 24 hours. Cell culture supernatants from splenocytes, dendritic cells, and DH82 cells were assayed for tumor necrosis factor α with an ELISA. Expression of tumor necrosis factor α mRNA in splenocytes was evaluated with a quantitative real-time PCR assay. RESULTS In all cell populations evaluated, production of tumor necrosis factor α was consistently increased by mitochondrial DAMPs at 6 hours (as measured by an ELISA). In contrast, high-mobility group box protein 1 did not have any independent proinflammatory effects in this experimental system. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The study revealed an in vitro inflammatory effect of mitochondrial DAMPs (containing approx 75% mitochondrial proteins) in canine cells and validated the use of an in vitro splenocyte model to assess DAMP-induced inflammation in dogs. This experimental system may aid in understanding the contribution of DAMPs to sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in humans. Further studies in dogs are needed to validate the biological importance of these findings and to evaluate the in vivo role of mitochondrial DAMPs in triggering and perpetuating systemic inflammatory states.
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Pereira A, Figueira L, Nunes M, Esteves A, Cotão AJ, Vieira ML, Maia C, Campino L, Parreira R. Multiple Phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae) genetic groups detected in Rhipicephalus , Hyalomma and Dermacentor ticks from southern Portugal. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017; 8:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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28
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Ferritin 1 silencing effect in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae) during experimental infection with Ehrlichia canis. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017; 8:174-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Persistent Morbillivirus Infection Leads to Altered Cortactin Distribution in Histiocytic Sarcoma Cells with Decreased Cellular Migration Capacity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167517. [PMID: 27911942 PMCID: PMC5135102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcomas represent rare but fatal neoplasms in humans. Based on the absence of a commercially available human histiocytic sarcoma cell line the frequently affected dog displays a suitable translational model. Canine distemper virus, closely related to measles virus, is a highly promising candidate for oncolytic virotherapy. Therapeutic failures in patients are mostly associated with tumour invasion and metastasis often induced by misdirected cytoskeletal protein activities. Thus, the impact of persistent canine distemper virus infection on the cytoskeletal protein cortactin, which is frequently overexpressed in human cancers with poor prognosis, was investigated in vitro in a canine histiocytic sarcoma cell line (DH82). Though phagocytic activity, proliferation and apoptotic rate were unaltered, a significantly reduced migration activity compared to controls (6 hours and 1 day after seeding) accompanied by a decreased number of cortactin mRNA transcripts (1 day) was detected. Furthermore, persistently canine distemper virus infected DH82 cells showed a predominant diffuse intracytoplasmic cortactin distribution at 6 hours and 1 day compared to controls with a prominent membranous expression pattern (p ≤ 0.05). Summarized, persistent canine distemper virus infection induces reduced tumour cell migration associated with an altered intracellular cortactin distribution, indicating cytoskeletal changes as one of the major pathways of virus-associated inhibition of tumour spread.
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Pfankuche VM, Spitzbarth I, Lapp S, Ulrich R, Deschl U, Kalkuhl A, Baumgärtner W, Puff C. Reduced angiogenic gene expression in morbillivirus-triggered oncolysis in a translational model for histiocytic sarcoma. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:816-830. [PMID: 27860224 PMCID: PMC5345635 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma represents a rare malignant tumour with a short survival time, indicating the need of novel treatment strategies including oncolytic virotherapy. The underlying molecular mechanisms of viral oncolysis are largely unknown. As cancer in companion animals shares striking similarities with human counterparts, we chose a permanent canine histiocytic sarcoma cell line (DH82 cells) to identify global transcriptome changes following infection with canine distemper virus (CDV), a paramyxovirus closely related to human measles virus. Microarray analysis identified 3054 differentially expressed probe sets (DEPs), encoding for 892 up‐ and 869 down‐regulated unique canine genes, respectively, in DH82 cells persistently infected with the vaccine strain Onderstepoort of CDV (DH82‐Ond‐pi), compared to non‐infected DH82 cells. Up‐regulated genes were predominantly related to immune processes, as demonstrated by functional enrichment analysis. Moreover, there was substantial enrichment of genes characteristic for classically activated M1 and alternatively activated M2 macrophages in DH82‐Ond‐pi; however, significant polarization into either of both categories was lacking. ‘Angiogenesis’ was the dominant enriched functional term for the down‐regulated genes, highlighting decreased blood vessel generation as a potential mechanism of paramyxovirus‐induced oncolysis in DH82 cells. The anti‐angiogenic effect of infection was verified by immunohistochemistry, which revealed a lower blood vessel density in an in vivo mouse model, xenotransplanted with DH82‐Ond‐pi, compared to mice transplanted with non‐infected DH82 cells. Reduction in angiogenesis appears to be an important oncolytic mechanism of CDV in DH82 cells, suggesting that similar mechanisms might account for human histiocytic sarcoma and maybe other tumours in conjunction with measles virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingo Spitzbarth
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lapp
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Deschl
- Department of Non-Clinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH&Co KG, Biberach (Riß), Germany
| | - Arno Kalkuhl
- Department of Non-Clinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH&Co KG, Biberach (Riß), Germany
| | | | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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Michaels DL, Leibowitz JA, Azaiza MT, Shil PK, Shama SM, Kutish GF, Distelhorst SL, Balish MF, May MA, Brown DR. Cellular Microbiology of Mycoplasma canis. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1785-1795. [PMID: 27045036 PMCID: PMC4907131 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01440-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma canis can infect many mammalian hosts but is best known as a commensal or opportunistic pathogen of dogs. The unexpected presence of M. canis in brains of dogs with idiopathic meningoencephalitis prompted new in vitro studies to help fill the void of basic knowledge about the organism's candidate virulence factors, the host responses that it elicits, and its potential roles in pathogenesis. Secretion of reactive oxygen species and sialidase varied quantitatively (P < 0.01) among strains of M. canis isolated from canine brain tissue or mucosal surfaces. All strains colonized the surface of canine MDCK epithelial and DH82 histiocyte cells and murine C8-D1A astrocytes. Transit through MDCK and DH82 cells was demonstrated by gentamicin protection assays and three-dimensional immunofluorescence imaging. Strains further varied (P < 0.01) in the extents to which they influenced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and the neuroendocrine regulatory peptide endothelin-1 by DH82 cells. Inoculation with M. canis also decreased major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) antigen expression by DH82 cells (P < 0.01), while secretion of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and complement factor H was unaffected. The basis for differences in the responses elicited by these strains was not obvious in their genome sequences. No acute cytopathic effects on any homogeneous cell line, or consistent patterns of M. canis polyvalent antigen distribution in canine meningoencephalitis case brain tissues, were apparent. Thus, while it is not likely a primary neuropathogen, M. canis has the capacity to influence meningoencephalitis through complex interactions within the multicellular and neurochemical in vivo milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina L Michaels
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Leibowitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mohammed T Azaiza
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Pollob K Shil
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Suzanne M Shama
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gerald F Kutish
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science and Center of Excellence for Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Meghan A May
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, USA
| | - Daniel R Brown
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Methyl Jasmonate: An Alternative for Improving the Quality and Health Properties of Fresh Fruits. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060567. [PMID: 27258240 PMCID: PMC6273056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a plant growth regulator belonging to the jasmonate family. It plays an important role as a possible airborne signaling molecule mediating intra- and inter-plant communications and modulating plant defense responses, including antioxidant systems. Most assessments of this compound have dealt with post-harvest fruit applications, demonstrating induced plant resistance against the detrimental impacts of storage (chilling injuries and pathogen attacks), enhancing secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity. On the other hand, the interactions between MeJA and other compounds or technological tools for enhancing antioxidant capacity and quality of fruits were also reviewed. The pleiotropic effects of MeJA have raisen numerous as-yet unanswered questions about its mode of action. The aim of this review was endeavored to clarify the role of MeJA on improving pre- and post-harvest fresh fruit quality and health properties. Interestingly, the influence of MeJA on human health will be also discussed.
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Uchida M, Saeki K, Maeda S, Tamahara S, Yonezawa T, Matsuki N. Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) reduces cell number in canine histiocytic sarcoma cell lines. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1515-1520. [PMID: 27246397 PMCID: PMC5059382 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) is initially reported to protect macrophages from apoptosis. In this study, we determined the effect of AIM on the macrophage-derived tumor, histiocytic sarcoma cell lines (HS) of dogs. Five HS and five other tumor cell lines were used. When recombinant canine AIM was applied to non-serum culture media, cell numbers of all the HS and two of other tumor cell lines decreased dose-dependently. The DNA fragmentation, TUNEL staining and flow cytometry tests revealed that AIM induced both of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the HS. Although AIM is known as an apoptosis inhibitor, these results suggest that a high dose of AIM could have an opposite function in HS and some tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Growth of Ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, in vector and non-vector ixodid tick cell lines. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:631-7. [PMID: 26837859 PMCID: PMC4910358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by Ehrlichia canis, a small gram-negative coccoid bacterium that infects circulating monocytes. The disease is transmitted by the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. and is acknowledged as an important infectious disease of dogs and other members of the family Canidae worldwide. E. canis is routinely cultured in vitro in the canine monocyte-macrophage cell line DH82 and in non-vector Ixodes scapularis tick cell lines, but not in cells derived from its natural vector. Here we report infection and limited propagation of E. canis in the tick cell line RSE8 derived from the vector R. sanguineus s.l., and successful propagation through six passages in a cell line derived from the experimental vector Dermacentor variabilis. In addition, using bacteria semi-purified from I. scapularis cells we attempted to infect a panel of cell lines derived from non-vector species of the tick genera Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Hyalomma, Ixodes and Rhipicephalus with E. canis and, for comparison, the closely-related Ehrlichia ruminantium, causative agent of heartwater in ruminants. Amblyomma and non-vector Dermacentor spp. cell lines appeared refractory to infection with E. canis but supported growth of E. ruminantium, while some, but not all, cell lines derived from Hyalomma, Ixodes and Rhipicephalus spp. ticks supported growth of both pathogens. We also illustrated and compared the ultrastructural morphology of E. canis in DH82, RSE8 and I. scapularis IDE8 cells. This study confirms that E. canis, like E. ruminantium, is able to grow not only in cell lines derived from natural and experimental tick vectors but also in a wide range of other cell lines derived from tick species not known to transmit this pathogen.
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Cabezas-Cruz A, Zweygarth E, Vancová M, Broniszewska M, Grubhoffer L, Passos LMF, Ribeiro MFB, Alberdi P, de la Fuente J. Ehrlichia minasensis sp. nov., isolated from the tick Rhipicephalus microplus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:1426-1430. [PMID: 26763978 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we obtained a rickettsial isolate (Ehrlichia sp. UFMG-EVT) from the haemolymph of engorged Rhipicephalus microplus tick females. On the basis of maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene, groEL, dsb, gltA and trp36 sequences we showed that Ehrlichia sp. UFMG-EVT belongs to the α-Proteobacteria, family Anaplasmataceae, genus Ehrlichia. Ehrlichia sp. UFMG-EVT is a sister taxon of Ehrlichia canis with 16S rRNA gene, groEL, dsb, gltA and trp36 sequence similarities of 98.3 %, 97.2 %, 94.7 %, 94.3 % and 49.1 %, respectively. Ehrlichia sp. UFMG-EVT has been maintained in the laboratory by continuous passage in the IDE8 tick cell line where the ultrastructure was characterized using electron microscopy and was found to resemble that of E. canis, Ehrlichia muris and Ehrlichia chaffeensis, but not Ehrlichia ruminantium and Ehrlichia ewingii. We propose the name Ehrlichia minasensis sp. nov. for this bacterium to acknowledge the place from where it was initially isolated, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The type strain is strain Ehrlichia sp. UFMG-EVT ( = DSM 100393T = TCB-TBB-0018T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), INSERM U1019 - CNRS UMR 8204, Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue Professeur Calmette, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Erich Zweygarth
- Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Leopoldstrasse 5, 80802 Munich, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Marie Vancová
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science and Biology Centre of the ASCR, Institute of Parasitology, Cˇeské Budeˇjovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marzena Broniszewska
- Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Leopoldstrasse 5, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Libor Grubhoffer
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science and Biology Centre of the ASCR, Institute of Parasitology, Cˇeské Budeˇjovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lygia Maria Friche Passos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Pilar Alberdi
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Kaiser SM, Thiel C, Kramer M, Raddatz BB, Failing K, Alldinger S. Immunohistochemical localisation and effect of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors on canine spontaneous periodontitis. Vet Rec 2015; 177:201. [PMID: 26260063 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is commonly observed in dogs. In human medicine, it is well documented that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the destruction of the periodontium. Therefore, the aim of this prospective study was to investigate the impact of MMPs and their inhibitors, the TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases), on canine periodontitis. The oral cavities of 57 dogs were examined clinically and radiologically. Gingival biopsies were obtained from the examined dogs and histologically analysed via haematoxylin and eosin stained sections. Immunohistological detection of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8 and MMP-9 as well as TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 was performed by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex technique. All sections were evaluated by light microscopy. Statistically significant positive correlations were detected between the histologically verified degree of inflammation and the expression of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8 and MMP-9 as well as between changes in collagen fibre content and the occurrence of MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9. Concerning TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, non-significant, generally negative correlations were observed. In summary, in canine periodontitis, an increased expression of the above mentioned MMPs and a tendentially decreased expression of TIMPs are present. In conclusion, in canine periodontitis, a MMP-TIMP imbalance is suggestive of contributing to the destruction of the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kaiser
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 108, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - C Thiel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 108, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - M Kramer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 108, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - B B Raddatz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | - K Failing
- Department for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Veterinary Division, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Straße 95, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - S Alldinger
- German Veterinary Medical Society, Friedrichstraße 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
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Asada H, Tomiyasu H, Goto-Koshino Y, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Evaluation of the drug sensitivity and expression of 16 drug resistance-related genes in canine histiocytic sarcoma cell lines. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:677-84. [PMID: 25715778 PMCID: PMC4488404 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive tumor type originating from histiocytic
cell lineages. This disease is characterized by poor response to chemotherapy and short
survival time. Therefore, it is of critical importance to identify and develop effective
antitumor drugs against HS. The objectives of this study were to examine the drug
sensitivities of 10 antitumor drugs. Using a real-time RT-PCR system, the mRNA expression
levels of 16 genes related to drug resistance in 4 canine HS cell lines established from
dogs with disseminated HS were determined and compared to 2 canine lymphoma cell lines
(B-cell and T-cell). These 4 canine HS cell lines showed sensitivities toward microtubule
inhibitors (vincristine, vinblastine and paclitaxel), comparable to those in the canine
B-cell lymphoma cell line. Moreover, it was shown that P-gp in the HS cell lines used in
this study did not have enough function to efflux its substrate. Sensitivities to
melphalan, nimustine, methotrexate, cytarabine, doxorubicin and etoposide were lower in
the 4 HS cell lines than in the 2 canine lymphoma cell lines. The data obtained in this
study using cultured cell lines could prove helpful in the developing of advanced and
effective chemotherapies for treating dogs that are suffering from HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Asada
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Scruggs JL, LeBlanc CJ. Identification of blue staining vaccine-derived material in inflammatory lesions using cultured canine macrophages. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 44:152-6. [PMID: 25532590 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine reactions are described in cytology textbooks as having eosinophilic to magenta colored globules within and admixed with inflammatory cells. Recently, we have seen increased numbers of inflammatory lesions containing blue to blue-gray globular material, with historical information suggesting an association with rabies vaccination. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to confirm the blue-gray and the eosinophilic material observed microscopically in some inflammatory lesions as being vaccine-derived. METHODS Three different vaccines were cytocentrifuged and Wright stained. Vaccine aliquots were also added to the culture media of canine-derived macrophages for 24 hours and the cells subsequently harvested, cytocentrifuged, and Wright stained. The globular material present in both preparations was compared to that observed in vaccine-induced inflammatory lesions. Morin staining was used to identify metal within vaccine material in both in vitro- and in vivo-derived cytology samples. RESULTS Vaccine-derived material has a characteristic color and appearance. Appearance of the material was consistent in cytologic samples, in cells incubated with the vaccine, and in cytocentrifuged preparations of the vaccine vial contents. The blue-gray globules stained positively for Morin stain, while the eosinophilic material did not stain. CONCLUSIONS Vaccine-induced inflammatory lesions may contain blue to blue-gray or magenta stained globular material. Blue-gray material was associated with administration of rabies vaccine Imrab 3 TF and the observed material may be metal-containing adjuvant. Magenta material was associated with other vaccines and negative for Morin stain, suggesting a metal-free adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Scruggs
- Department of Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Passage-dependent morphological and phenotypical changes of a canine histiocytic sarcoma cell line (DH82 cells). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 163:86-92. [PMID: 25534080 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
DH82 cells represent a permanent macrophage cell line isolated from a dog with histiocytic sarcoma (HS) and are commonly used in various fields of research upon infection and cancer, respectively. Despite its frequent use, data on cell surface antigen expression of this cell line are fragmentary and in part inconsistent. We therefore aimed at a detailed morphological and antigenic characterization of DH82 cells with respect to passage-dependent differences. Cellular morphology of early (≤ 13) and late (≥ 66) passages of DH82 cells was evaluated via scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, cells were labelled with 10 monoclonal antibodies directed against CD11c, CD14, CD18, CD44, CD45, CD80, CD86, MHC-I, MHC-II, and ICAM-1 for flow cytometric analysis. Early passage cells were characterized by round cell bodies with abundant small cytoplasmic projections whereas later passages exhibited a spindle-shaped morphology with large processes. The percentage of CD11c-, CD14-, CD18-, CD45-, and CD80 positive cells significantly decreased in late passages whereas the expression of CD44, CD86, MHC-I, MHC-II and ICAM-1 remained unchanged. DH82 cells represent a remarkably heterogeneous cell line with divergent antigenic and morphologic properties. The present findings have important implications for future studies, which should consider distinct characteristics with regard to the used passage.
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Zweygarth E, Schöl H, Lis K, Cabezas Cruz A, Thiel C, Silaghi C, Ribeiro MFB, Passos LMF. In vitro culture of a novel genotype of Ehrlichia sp. from Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 60 Suppl 2:86-92. [PMID: 24589106 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ehrlichiae are obligate intracytoplasmic Gram-negative, tick-borne bacteria belonging to the Anaplasmataceae family. Ehrlichioses are considered emerging diseases in both humans and animals. Several members of the genus Ehrlichia have been isolated and propagated in vitro. This study describes the continuous propagation of a Brazilian Ehrlichia sp. isolate in IDE8 tick cells, canine DH82 cells and bovine aorta cells. Initially, the organisms were isolated from the haemolymph of a Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick into IDE8 cells. Infected IDE8 cells were brought from Brazil to Germany, where the organisms were continuously propagated in IDE8, DH82 and bovine aorta cells. Bovine aorta cells were infected and propagated for 3 months, corresponding to six subcultures, whereas the other two infected cell lines were kept for more than 1 year. During the cultivation period, 36 and 14 subcultures were carried out in IDE8 and DH82 cell cultures, respectively. Reinfection of IDE8 cells with organisms grown in DH82 cells was achieved. Sequence analysis made with a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene showed that this Ehrlicha sp. is closely related to Ehrlichia canis. However, the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree shows that it falls in a separate phylogenetic clade from E. canis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zweygarth
- Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Kato Y, Funato R, Hirata A, Murakami M, Mori T, Maruo K, Yanai T, Sakai H. Immunocytochemical detection of the class A macrophage scavenger receptor CD204 using air-dried cytologic smears of canine histiocytic sarcoma. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:589-93. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Risa Funato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Division of Animal Experiment; Life Science Research Centre; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- Comparative Cancer Centre; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Mami Murakami
- Comparative Cancer Centre; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Oncology; Department of Veterinary Medicine; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Comparative Cancer Centre; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Oncology; Department of Veterinary Medicine; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Koji Maruo
- Comparative Cancer Centre; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Oncology; Department of Veterinary Medicine; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Tokuma Yanai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- Comparative Cancer Centre; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
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Zweygarth E, Cabezas-Cruz A, Josemans AI, Oosthuizen MC, Matjila PT, Lis K, Broniszewska M, Schöl H, Ferrolho J, Grubhoffer L, Passos LM. In vitro culture and structural differences in the major immunoreactive protein gp36 of geographically distant Ehrlichia canis isolates. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 5:423-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tajima T, Wada M. Inhibitory effect of interferon gamma on frequency of Ehrlichia canis-infected cells in vitro. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 156:200-4. [PMID: 24148826 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ehrlichia canis is an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects the macrophage-monocyte cells of dogs, causing canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), along with other cytokines, mediates the immune response to such intracellular bacterial invasions. To determine the role of IFN-γ in the immunity of dogs to E. canis infection, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and white blood cells (WBC) were collected from E. canis-infected dogs and added to a culture of E. canis in DH82 cells. The number of E. canis inclusion-positive cells was significantly reduced in cultures containing PBMC and WBC from E. canis-infected dogs compared to uninfected dogs. However, this resistance was inhibited by the addition of an anti-dog IFN-γ antibody. Resistance was also observed when PBMC were added to the Cell Culture Inserts, which prohibited contact of PBMC to DH82 cells, while allowed the diffusion of soluble cell products. The results of this study indicate that resistance was not dependent on cell to cell contact, but was associated with soluble cell products, such as IFN-γ. The addition of recombinant canine IFN-γ to the E. canis culture also reduced the number of infected cells. A commercial recombinant canine IFN-γ, which is sold in Japan, was also effective at reducing E. canis-infected cell number. These results indicate that IFN-γ has an inhibitory effect on the frequency of E. canis-infected cells in vitro and that contact between effector and target cells is not necessary for the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tajima
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-orai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
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Silva G, Fachin AL, Beleboni RO, França SC, Marins M. In vitro action of flavonoids in the canine malignant histiocytic cell line DH82. Molecules 2013; 18:15448-63. [PMID: 24352006 PMCID: PMC6270055 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181215448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is commonly diagnosed in dogs over the age of 10 and is a leading cause of death due to the lack of effective drugs. Flavonoids possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties and have been studied as chemopreventive agents in human cancer therapy. However, the literature on dogs is sparse. In this study, we analyzed the effect of nine flavonoids on cell viability, DNA damage and topoisomerase IIa/IIb gene expression in a canine tumor cell line (DH82). Apigenin, luteolin, trans-chalcone and 4-methoxychalcone showed the highest degree of cytotoxicity in the absence of considerable DNA damage, whereas genistein exhibited low cytotoxicity but induced a high level of DNA damage. These five flavonoids inhibited topoisomerase IIa and IIb gene expression to variable extents and with variable specificity. Genistein exerted a lower inhibitory effect on the two topoisomerases than luteolin and apigenin. trans-Chalcone and 4-methoxychalcone exerted greater inhibition of topoisomerase IIa expression than topoisomerase IIb. The differences in the effects between genistein and luteolin and apigenin might be explained by the position of ring B, whereas the more specific effect of chalcones on topoisomerase IIa might be due to their open chain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mozart Marins
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto 14096-900, SP, Brazil.
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Balakrishnan N, Cherry NA, Linder KE, Pierce E, Sontakke N, Hegarty BC, Bradley JM, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB. Experimental infection of dogs with Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 156:153-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chikazawa S, Kitahara Y, Ando E, Hori Y, Hoshi F, Kanai K, Ito N, Higuchi S. Erythrophagocytosis enhances heme-dependent cytotoxicity of antimalarial drugs in canine histiocytic sarcoma cell line DH82. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:249-53. [PMID: 24065080 PMCID: PMC3982809 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimalarial drugs, dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and artesunate (ATS), exhibit iron-dependent
cytotoxicity in tumor cells. We hypothesized that erythrophagocytic uptake of heme-iron
enhances the cytotoxicity of DHA and ATS. Erythrophagocytic (EP) treatment of the canine
histiocytic sarcoma cell line DH82 markedly increased the cytotoxicity of DHA and ATS
compared to controls. Succinyl acetone, an inhibitor of intracellular heme synthesis,
decreased the cytotoxicity of DHA and ATS in normal cells, but this change was not
observed in EP cells. These results suggest that exogenous heme derived from erythrocytes
can enhance the cytotoxicity of DHA and ATS. Furthermore, our study suggests that heme
could be a novel component of tumor treatment in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishiro Chikazawa
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Validation of two canine STR multiplex-assays following the ISFG recommendations for non-human DNA analysis. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2013; 8:90-100. [PMID: 24315595 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To gain general acceptance forensic DNA testing in animals needs to improve standardization of analysis methods and data interpretation. Recently, the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG) took particular care of this topic by publishing recommendations for forensic non-human DNA analysis following the successful example of human DNA analysis in order to provide a basis for harmonization of the still existing inter-laboratory variability. By following these recommendations we demonstrate the performance of two short tandem repeat (STR) multiplexes for forensic identity testing of canine biological material. Thirteen STRs and two sex-specific markers were selected and validated according to the ISFG guidelines. Population genetic parameters were calculated based on 295 dog samples collected in Austria (124) and Germany (171). A repeat-based nomenclature of the mainly tetrameric STRs and corresponding allelic ladders are presented. All 146 different alleles included in the ladders were sequenced for correct allele calling. Additionally, a canine cell line (DH82-D3167) was evaluated as standard reference material.
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Aggregate-reactivation activity of the molecular chaperone ClpB from Ehrlichia chaffeensis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62454. [PMID: 23667479 PMCID: PMC3646808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rickettsiale diseases, including human monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, are the second leading cause of the tick-borne infections in the USA and a growing health concern. Little is known about how E. chaffeensis survives the host-induced stress in vertebrate and tick hosts. A molecular chaperone ClpB from several microorganisms has been reported to reactivate aggregated proteins in cooperation with the co-chaperones DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE (KJE). In this study, we performed the first biochemical characterization of ClpB from E. chaffeensis. The transcript of E. chaffeensis ClpB (EhClpB) is strongly upregulated after infection of cultured macrophages and its level remains high during the Ehrlichia replicative stage. EhClpB forms ATP-dependent oligomers and catalyzes the ATP hydrolysis, similar to E. coli ClpB (EcClpB), but its ATPase activity is insensitive to the EcClpB activators, casein and poly-lysine. EhClpB in the presence of E. coli KJE efficiently reactivates the aggregated glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and firefly luciferase. Unlike EcClpB, which requires the co-chaperones for aggregate reactivation, EhClpB reactivates G6PDH even in the absence of KJE. Moreover, EhClpB is functionally distinct from EcClpB as evidenced by its failure to rescue a temperature-sensitive phenotype of the clpB-null E. coli. The clpB expression pattern during the E. chaffeensis infection progression correlates with the pathogen’s replicating stage inside host cells and suggests an essential role of the disaggregase activity of ClpB in the pathogen’s response to the host-induced stress. This study sets the stage for assessing the importance of the chaperone activity of ClpB for E. chaffeensis growth within the mammalian and tick hosts.
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Allison RW, Little SE. Diagnosis of rickettsial diseases in dogs and cats. Vet Clin Pathol 2013; 42:127-44. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin W. Allison
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; Center for Veterinary Health Sciences; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater; OK; USA
| | - Susan E. Little
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; Center for Veterinary Health Sciences; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater; OK; USA
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Sibley TA, Miller MM, Fogle JE. Human intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIG) inhibits anti-CD32 antibody binding to canine DH82 cells and canine monocytes in vitro. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 151:229-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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