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Wei N, Liu C, Zhu H, Wang C, Zhou Y, Xiao Z, Du L, Song Y. Hypoalbuminemia contributes to ascites formation via sodium and water retention: Evidence from clinical date and albumin deficient mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167275. [PMID: 38844112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Albumin infusions improve circulatory and renal function in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. However, there is no convincing evidence that hypoalbuminemia contributes to ascites formation in liver cirrhosis. The aim of our study is to determine the exact role of hypoalbuminemia in the formation of ascites caused by liver cirrhosis and its underlying mechanism. Clinical profiles of patients with liver cirrhosis retrospectively analyzed. The details of albumin involved in ascites formation were investigated in rat model and murine model. Statistical analysis demonstrated hypoalbuminemia was an independent risk factor for ascites formation in patients with liver cirrhosis (OR = 0.722, P < 0.001). In carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced rat model of liver cirrhosis, a significant reduction in serum albumin was observed in rats with ascites (13.37 g/L) compared with rats without ascites (21.43 g/L, P < 0.001). In thioacetamide (TAA)-treated mice, ascites amount of heterozygous albumin (Alb+/-) mice (112.0 mg) was larger than that of wild-type (Alb+/+) mice (58.46 mg, P < 0.001). In CCl4-induced chronic liver injury, ascites amounts of Alb+/- or Alb+/+ mice were 80.00 mg or 48.46 mg (P = 0.001). Further study demonstrated 24-h urinary sodium excretion in Alb+/- mice was lower than that of Alb+/+ mice in TAA/CCl4-induce murine models of liver cirrhosis. Additionally, serum sodium concentration of Alb+/- mice was lower than that of Alb+/+ mice. In cirrhotic mice, higher level of antidiuretic hormone was observed in Alb+/- mice compared with the control; and renal aquaporin (AQP2) expression in Alb+/- mice was significantly higher than that of WT mice. These revealed hypoalbuminemia contributed to the occurrence of ascites in liver cirrhosis through sodium and water retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huifang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chengbo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhuanglong Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuhu Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Medina Pizaño MY, Loera Arias MDJ, Montes de Oca Luna R, Saucedo Cárdenas O, Ventura Juárez J, Muñoz Ortega MH. Neuroimmunomodulation of adrenoblockers during liver cirrhosis: modulation of hepatic stellate cell activity. Ann Med 2023; 55:543-557. [PMID: 36826975 PMCID: PMC9970206 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2164047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system and the immune system are responsible for producing neurotransmitters and cytokines that interact by binding to receptors; due to this, there is communication between these systems. Liver immune cells and nerve fibres are systematically distributed in the liver, and the partial overlap of both patterns may favour interactions between certain elements. Dendritic cells are attached to fibroblasts, and nerve fibres are connected via the dendritic cell-fibroblast complex. Receptors for most neuroactive substances, such as catecholamines, have been discovered on dendritic cells. The sympathetic nervous system regulates hepatic fibrosis through sympathetic fibres and adrenaline from the adrenal glands through the blood. When there is liver damage, the sympathetic nervous system is activated locally and systemically through proinflammatory cytokines that induce the production of epinephrine and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters bind to cells through α-adrenergic receptors, triggering a cellular response that secretes inflammatory factors that stimulate and activate hepatic stellate cells. Hepatic stellate cells are key in the fibrotic process. They initiate the overproduction of extracellular matrix components in an active state that progresses from fibrosis to liver cirrhosis. It has also been shown that they can be directly activated by norepinephrine. Alpha and beta adrenoblockers, such as carvedilol, prazosin, and doxazosin, have recently been used to reverse CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis in rodent and murine models.KEY MESSAGESNeurotransmitters from the sympathetic nervous system activate and increase the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells.Hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis treatment might depend on neurotransmitter and hepatic nervous system regulation.Strategies to reduce hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis are based on experimentation with α-adrenoblockers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Odila Saucedo Cárdenas
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Javier Ventura Juárez
- Department of Morphology, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
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Guillard J, Untereiner V, Garnotel R, Boulagnon-Rombi C, Gobinet C, Proult I, Sockalingum GD, Thiéfin G. Longitudinal Study of Cirrhosis Development in STAM and carbon tetrachloride Mouse Models Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectral Imaging. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100231. [PMID: 37544611 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of cirrhosis are of great interest to investigate the pathological process leading to the final stage of cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the different steps involved in the progressive development of cirrhosis using Fourier transform infrared spectral histology in 2 mouse models of cirrhosis, the STAM model of metabolic cirrhosis, and the carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis model. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver samples were obtained from 3 mice at 5 time points in each model to analyze the course of hepatic lesions up to the formation of cirrhosis. For each time point, adjacent 3-μm-thick liver sections were obtained for histologic stains and spectral histology. Fourier transform infrared acquisitions of liver sections were performed at projected pixel sizes of 25 μm × 25 μm and 6.25 μm × 6.25 μm. Spectral images were then preprocessed with an extended multiplicative signal correction and analyzed with common k-means clustering, including all stages in each model. In both models, the 2- and 4-class common k-means clustering in the 1000 to 1350 cm-1 range showed that spectral classes characterized by higher absorbance peaks of glycogen were predominant at baseline, then decreased markedly in early stages of hepatic damage, and almost disappeared in cirrhotic tissues. Concomitantly, spectral classes characterized by higher absorbance peaks of nucleic acids became progressively predominant during the course of hepatic lesions. These results were confirmed using k-means clustering on the peaks of interest identified for glycogen and nucleic acid content. Our study showed that the glycogen depletion previously described at the stage of cirrhosis is an early event in the pathological process, independently of the cause of cirrhosis. In addition, there was a progressive increase in the nucleic acid content, which may be linked to increased proliferation and polyploidy in response to cellular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guillard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT, Reims, France
| | - Valérie Untereiner
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Plateforme en Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Reims, France
| | - Roselyne Garnotel
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT, Reims, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Pôle de Biologie Territoriale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Camille Boulagnon-Rombi
- Laboratoire de Biopathologie, Pôle de Biologie Territoriale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Cyril Gobinet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT, Reims, France
| | - Isabelle Proult
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MEDyC, Reims, France
| | | | - Gérard Thiéfin
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT, Reims, France; Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie et de Cancérologie Digestive, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France.
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Sani F, Sani M, Moayedfard Z, Darayee M, Tayebi L, Azarpira N. Potential advantages of genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:138. [PMID: 37226279 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver damage caused by toxicity can lead to various severe conditions, such as acute liver failure (ALF), fibrogenesis, and cirrhosis. Among these, liver cirrhosis (LC) is recognized as the leading cause of liver-related deaths globally. Unfortunately, patients with progressive cirrhosis are often on a waiting list, with limited donor organs, postoperative complications, immune system side effects, and high financial costs being some of the factors restricting transplantation. Although the liver has some capacity for self-renewal due to the presence of stem cells, it is usually insufficient to prevent the progression of LC and ALF. One potential therapeutic approach to improving liver function is the transplantation of gene-engineered stem cells. Several types of mesenchymal stem cells from various sources have been suggested for stem cell therapy for liver disease. Genetic engineering is an effective strategy that enhances the regenerative potential of stem cells by releasing growth factors and cytokines. In this review, we primarily focus on the genetic engineering of stem cells to improve their ability to treat damaged liver function. We also recommend further research into accurate treatment methods that involve safe gene modification and long-term follow-up of patients to increase the effectiveness and reliability of these therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Sani
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Moayedfard
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Darayee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili Street, P.O. Box: 7193711351, Shiraz, Iran.
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Zhou WC, Zhang QB, Qiao L. Pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7312-7324. [PMID: 24966602 PMCID: PMC4064077 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i23.7312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is the final pathological result of various chronic liver diseases, and fibrosis is the precursor of cirrhosis. Many types of cells, cytokines and miRNAs are involved in the initiation and progression of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a pivotal event in fibrosis. Defenestration and capillarization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are major contributing factors to hepatic dysfunction in liver cirrhosis. Activated Kupffer cells destroy hepatocytes and stimulate the activation of HSCs. Repeated cycles of apoptosis and regeneration of hepatocytes contribute to pathogenesis of cirrhosis. At the molecular level, many cytokines are involved in mediation of signaling pathways that regulate activation of HSCs and fibrogenesis. Recently, miRNAs as a post-transcriptional regulator have been found to play a key role in fibrosis and cirrhosis. Robust animal models of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, as well as the recently identified critical cellular and molecular factors involved in the development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis will facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic approaches for these conditions.
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Escobedo G, Arjona-Román JL, Meléndez-Pérez R, Suárez-Álvarez K, Guzmán C, Aguirre-García J, Gutiérrez-Reyes G, Vivas O, Varela-Fascinetto G, Rodríguez-Romero A, Robles-Díaz G, Kershenobich D. Liver exhibits thermal variations according to the stage of fibrosis progression: A novel use of modulated-differential scanning calorimetry for research in hepatology. Hepatol Res 2013; 43:785-94. [PMID: 23252661 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Liver fibrosis results in a disproportion of the hepatic composition and architecture, characterized by a progressive accumulation of fibrillar proteins at the liver parenchyma. Modulated-differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) is an experimental methodology able to determine the specific thermal signature from any biological substance, based on the variation in heat flow and heat capacity. As these physicochemical properties are directly influenced by compositional and structural changes, we decided to study the thermal behavior of the liver during fibrosis using mDSC. METHODS Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by bile duct ligation or carbon tetrachloride administration. Degree of liver fibrosis was determined by histological examination using the Masson-trichrome stain, accompanied by hepatic expression of α-smooth muscle actin. The thermal analysis was performed in a modulated-differential scanning calorimeter using 20 mg of fresh liver mass. RESULTS The liver showed a characteristic thermal signature in control animals, which progressively differed among mild (F1), moderate (F2) and advanced (F3-F4) liver fibrosis. For heat flow, the hepatic thermal signature from F3-F4 rats exhibited significant differences when compared with F1, F2 and controls. In terms of heat capacity, liver specimens provided a specific thermal signature for each stage of disease, characterized by a transition temperature onset at 95°C for controls, whereas in F1, F2 and F3-F4 animals this temperature significantly decreased to 93°C, 84°C and 75°C, respectively. CONCLUSION Because the liver shows a differential thermal signature according to the degree of fibrosis, mDSC could be a novel tool in the study of liver fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galileo Escobedo
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, General Hospital of Mexico, México D.F., México; Laboratory for Liver, Pancreas and Motility, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, General Hospital of Mexico, México D.F., México
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Fabila D, de la Rosa JM, Stolik S, Moreno E, Suárez-Álvarez K, López-Navarrete G, Guzmán C, Aguirre-García J, Acevedo-García C, Kershenobich D, Escobedo G. In vivo assessment of liver fibrosis using diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy: A proof of concept. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Resveratrol regulates antioxidant status, inhibits cytokine expression and restricts apoptosis in carbon tetrachloride induced rat hepatic injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2011; 2011:703676. [PMID: 22013498 PMCID: PMC3195554 DOI: 10.1155/2011/703676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate the chemopreventive role of resveratrol in many animal models like ischemia, rheumatoid arthritis, human cancer, and diabetes. The present study was designed to investigate the chemopreventive potential of resveratrol in rat hepatic injury model by carbon tetrachloride. Male Wistar rats were treated with carbon tetrachloride (0.4 g/kg body weight) intraperitoneally daily for 8 weeks. Resveratrol (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg body weight) was given orally from first day until the last day of experiment. The investigation assesses the effect of resveratrol on morphological, oxidative status, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and apoptotic analysis in carbon tetrachloride-challenged liver tissue. The study indicated that the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were profoundly expressed in experimental rats, whereas resveratrol decreases the immunopositivity of TNF-α and IL-6 and restored the altered architectural structure of challenged hepatic tissue. Resveratrol also protects liver cells by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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N/A. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:990-993. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i4.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
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