1
|
Benedicto VL, Haguar Z, Abdulhasan A, Narayanaswami V. Apolipoprotein E3 Containing Nanodiscs as Vehicles for Transport and Targeted Delivery of Flavonoid Luteolin. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2988-2999. [PMID: 38250386 PMCID: PMC10795050 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Luteolin is a flavonoid that possesses multiple beneficial biological properties, such as anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that luteolin can be transported across a cell via a nanodisc delivery system and delivered to intracellular sites. Luteolin was incorporated into reconstituted high-density lipoprotein complexes made up of apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3) N-terminal domain (apoE3NT) and 1,2-dimystrioyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. ApoE3NT confers the ability on nanodiscs to traverse the plasma membrane via low-density lipoprotein receptor or scavenger receptor-B1. Physicochemical characterization revealed that the nanodiscs were 17-22 nm in diameter as demonstrated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and dynamic lightering analysis and ∼660 kDa in size, with a luteolin content of ∼4 luteolin molecules/nanodisc. Luteolin appeared to be embedded in the nonpolar core of nanodiscs, as revealed by fluorescence quenching and polarization analysis and spectroscopic characterization. The presence of luteolin did not affect the ability of apoE3NT to mediate binding and cellular uptake of luteolin containing nanodiscs in macrophages, as inferred from immunofluorescence analysis that revealed apoE- and lipid-related fluorescence as punctate perinuclear vesicles and from flow cytometry studies. Lastly, luteolin appeared to be localized in the nucleus, having escaped the lysosomes following disassembly of the nanodiscs as suggested by fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy analyses. Taken together, nanodiscs offer the potential to effectively transport luteolin and potentially therapeutic drugs into perinuclear sites in cells, where they can be available to enter the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahraa Haguar
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University,
Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Abbas Abdulhasan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University,
Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Vasanthy Narayanaswami
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University,
Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Investigation of Anti-Liver Cancer Activity of the Herbal Drug FDY003 Using Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5765233. [PMID: 36118098 PMCID: PMC9481369 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5765233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Globally, liver cancer (LC) is the sixth-most frequently occurring and the second-most fatal malignancy, responsible for 0.83 million deaths annually. Although the application of herbal drugs in cancer therapies has increased, their anti-LC activity and relevant mechanisms have not been fully studied from a systems perspective. To address these issues, we conducted a system-perspective network pharmacological investigation into the activity and mechanisms underlying the action of the herbal drug. FDY003 reduced the viability of human LC treatment. FDY003 reduced the viability of human LC cells and elevated their chemosensitivity. There were a total of 16 potential bioactive chemical components in FDY003 and they had 91 corresponding targets responsible for the pathological processes in LC. These FDY003 targets were functionally involved in regulating the survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of LC cells. Additionally, we found that FDY003 may target key signaling cascades connected to diverse LC pathological mechanisms, namely, PI3K-Akt, focal adhesion, IL-17, FoxO, MAPK, and TNF pathways. Overall, this study contributed to integrative mechanistic insights into the anti-LC potential of FDY003.
Collapse
|
3
|
Antioxidant Activity and Inhibitory Effects of Black Rice Leaf on the Proliferation of Human Carcinoma Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7270782. [PMID: 35726317 PMCID: PMC9206558 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7270782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of black rice, well-known as postharvest agricultural waste, contain a rich source of antioxidants with multiple benefits for human health. In the present study, the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from black rice leaf was separated into five subfractions using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and their antioxidant and anticancer activities were investigated. The results revealed that among all the subfractions, subfraction 5 (Sub5) showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid values. The antioxidant activity was also superior in Sub5 (the IC50 values are 3.23, 31.95, and 72.74 μg/mL, in the DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power assays, respectively) compared to the other subfractions. All subfractions, in a time-dependent manner, inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma (HepG2), breast (MCF-7), and colorectal (Caco-2) cancer cells, especially the Sub5. Thus, Sub5 was employed to conduct the cell cycle and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. Sub5 significantly increased the accumulation of cells at the Sub-G1 phase in HepG2 cells (44.5%, at 48 h). Furthermore, it could trigger annexin V-detected apoptosis through mitochondrial and death receptor pathways accompanied by the suppression of PI3K/Akt and Erk signaling pathways. In addition, HPLC-DAD-MS/MS was conducted to characterize the bioactive constituents in the most potent antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptosis-inducing subfraction. Conclusively, Sub5 may have high potential as functional dietary supplements to inhibit the development of HepG2 liver cancer.
Collapse
|
4
|
Al Mamun A, Sufian MA, Uddin MS, Sumsuzzman DM, Jeandet P, Islam MS, Zhang HJ, Kong AN, Sarwar MS. Exploring the role of senescence inducers and senotherapeutics as targets for anticancer natural products. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 928:174991. [PMID: 35513016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
During the last few decades, cancer has remained one of the deadliest diseases that endanger human health, emphasizing urgent drug discovery. Cellular senescence has gained a great deal of attention in recent years because of its link to the development of cancer therapy. Senescent cells are incapable of proliferating due to irreversibly inhibited the initiation of the cell cycle pathways. However, senescent cells aggregate in tissues and produce a pro-inflammatory secretome called senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that can cause serious harmful effects if not managed properly. There is mounting evidence that senescent cells lead to various phases of tumorigenesis in various anatomical sites, owing mostly to the paracrine activities of the SASP. Therefore, a new treatment field called senotherapeutics has been established. Senotherapeutics are newly developed anticancer agents that have been demonstrated to inhibit cancer effectively. In light of recent findings, several promising natural products have been identified as senescence inducers and senotherapeutics, including, miliusanes, epigallocatechin gallate, phloretin, silybin, resveratrol, genistein, sulforaphane, quercetin, allicin, fisetin, piperlongumine, berberine, triptolide, tocotrienols and curcumin analogs. Several of them have already been validated through preclinical trials and exert an enormous potential for clinical trials. This review article focuses on and summarises the latest advances on cellular senescence and its potential as a target for cancer treatment and highlights the well-known natural products as senotherapeutics for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Philippe Jeandet
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, PO Box 1039, 51687, Reims, Cedex 2, France
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Park JM, Zhang BZ, Kim JM. Effect of Fermentation Duration on the Quality Changes of Godulbaegi Kimchi. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071020. [PMID: 35407107 PMCID: PMC8997386 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentative and antioxidative characteristics of Godulbaegi kimchi (LGK), a traditional, fermented Korean food, were conducted. For the study, LGK kimchi was made of Godulbaegi kimchi with pepper powder, salted shrimp, refined salt, green onions, and so on, and fermented at 5C for 6 months. The pH was decreased, and total acidity was increased during fermentation. Furthermore, lactic acid bacteria and yeast were increased, while the total viable count was decreased. The LGK showed the highest DPPH-scavenging activity, phenol content, and nitrite-scavenging activity with methanol extract among methanol, ethanol, and water. In addition, we screened strains among LGK kimchi with high antimicrobial activity and isolated them. We tested antimicrobial activity for 20 lactic acid bacteria, and we separated and identified nine strains of lactic acid bacteria with high antimicrobial activity. Given these results, LGK is expected to be an effective food in considerable antioxidative activity with an antimicrobial effect. These results are expected to serve as basic data for the study of Godulbaegi kimchi.
Collapse
|
6
|
Liang Y, Zhang T, Zhang J. Natural tyrosine kinase inhibitors acting on the epidermal growth factor receptor: Their relevance for cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105164. [PMID: 32846211 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), also known as ErbB-1/HER-1, plays a key role in the regulation of the cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. Since the constitutive activation or overexpression of EGFR is nearly found in various cancers, the applications focused on EGFR are the most widely used in the clinical level, including the therapeutic drugs of targeting EGFR, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).Over the past decades, the compounds from natural sources have been a productive source of novel drugs, especially in both discovery and development of anti-tumor drugs by targeting the EGFR pathways as the TKIs. This work presents a review of the compounds from natural sources as potential EGFR-TKIs involved in the regulation of cancer. Moreover, high-throughput drug screening of EGFR-TKIs from the natural compounds has also been summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li KW, Liang YY, Xie SM, Niu FJ, Guo LY, Liu ZH, Zhou CZ, Wang LZ. Ixeris sonchifolia: a review of its traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacology and modern applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
8
|
Wang YQ, Cai L, Zhang N, Zhang J, Wang HH, Zhu W. Protective effect of total flavonoids from Ixeris Sonchifolia on herpes simplex virus keratitis in mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:113. [PMID: 32295580 PMCID: PMC7160970 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02911-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the protective effect of Ixeris Sonchifolia (Bae.) Hance (ISH) extract on herpes simplex virus keratitis (HSK) in mice. Methods A mouse model of HSK was established by inoculating 60 mice (60 right eyes) with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by corneal scratch. The other 15 mice as blank control only received corneal scratch but without HSV-1. From the 2nd day after the successful modeling, the experimental group was fed with ISH total flavonoids (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) orally, twice a day for 14 days. The model group and control group were given the same amount of normal saline. The pathological changes of cornea were observed once a day by slit lamp microscopy combined with fluorescein staining. The corneal histopathological examination, the survival status and the serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gama (INF-γ) were performed at the end of the experiment. Results The result showed that ISH could significantly improve the corneal lesion degree, increase mice survival rate, and markedly increase the levels of IL-2 and INF-γ, reduce the levels of IL-4 in serum of mice. Conclusions ISH could increase the anti-virus ability, promote the healing of corneal inflammation and alleviate the pathological damage of cornea, which suggested that ISH has a potential and valuable therapeutic effect on the HSK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Hai-Hong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Department of Dermatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karimi E, Abbasi S, Abbasi N. Thymol polymeric nanoparticle synthesis and its effects on the toxicity of high glucose on OEC cells: involvement of growth factors and integrin-linked kinase. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2513-2532. [PMID: 31440034 PMCID: PMC6664260 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s214454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Nowadays, the drug delivery system is important in the treatment of diseases. Purpose A polymeric nanoparticle modified by oleic acid (NPMO) as a Thymol (Thy) drug release system was synthesized from Thymbra spicata and its neurotrophic and angiogenic effects on rat’s olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) in normal (NG) and high glucose (HG) conditions were studied. Methods The NPMO was characterized by using different spectroscopy methods, such as infrared, HNMR, CNMR, gel permeation chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy. Load and releasing were investigated by HPLC. The toxicity against OECs diet-induced by MTT assay. ROS and generation of nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated using dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein and Griess method, respectively. The expression of protein integrin-linked kinase (ILK), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) were evaluated by Western blotting. Results ThyNPMO is desirable for transferring drug as a carrier. The amount of Thy and extract (E) loaded on NPMO estimated at 43±2.5% and 41±1.8%, respectively. Then, 65% and 63% of the drug load were released, respectively. Thy, ThyNPMO, E, and ENPMO prevented HG-induced OECs cell death (EC50 33±1.5, 22±0.9, 35±1.8, and 25±1.1 μM, respectively). Incubation with Thy, ThyNPMO, E ,and ENPMO at high concentrations increased cell death with LC50 105±3.5, 82±2.8, 109±4.3, and 86±3.4 μM, respectively in HG states. Conclusion OECs were protected by ThyNPMO and ENPMO in protective concentrations by reducing the amount of ROS and NO, maintaining ILK, reducing VEGF, and increasing BDNF and NGF. The mentioned mechanisms were totally reversed at high concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.,Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shahryar Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry, Ilam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Naser Abbasi
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shiri S, Abbasi N, Alizadeh K, Karimi E. Novel and green synthesis of a nanopolymer and its use as a drug delivery system of silibinin and silymarin extracts in the olfactory ensheathing cells of rats in normal and high-glucose conditions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38912-38927. [PMID: 35540667 PMCID: PMC9075964 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05608d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems have been of interest to researchers. The effects of synthesized nano-polymers as silibinin and silymarin extract drug delivery systems on olfactory ensheathing cells under normal and high-glucose conditions were studied. The structure of the nanopolymer was characterized by IR, HNMR, GPC, DLS, and AFM. The toxicity was evaluated by an MTT assay. The production of ROS and the generation of NO were evaluated by a probe of fluorescein diacetate and Griess methods, respectively. The expressions of the protein levels of ILK, VEGF, BDNF, and NGF were investigated by western blotting. The polymer size was between 50 and 150 nm. The loading capacities for silibinin and silymarin were 68.5% and 56.4%, respectively, and the drug release for them was estimated at 54.1% and 50.8%, respectively. In high-glucose conditions, the cells were protected (EC50 = 4.88 ± 0.5 μM) by silibinin and nanopolymer in low concentrations by reducing the amount of ROS and NO, maintaining ILK, reducing VEGF and increasing NGF and BDNF. Incubation with silibinin and nanopolymer at high concentrations increased cell death with LC50 = 57.36 ± 2.5 and 43.18 ± 1.8 μM, respectively, in high-glucose states. Thus, the cells were protected by silibinin and nanopolymer in protective concentrations by reducing the amount of ROS and NO, maintaining ILK, reducing VEGF, and increasing BDNF and NGF. The mentioned mechanisms were totally reversed at high concentrations. A schematic of a new synthesized nanopolymer (CGONP) and its use as a drug delivery system of silibinin and silymarin extract in the olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) of rats in normal and high-glucose conditions.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Shiri
- Department of Chemistry
- Lorestan University
- Khorramabad
- Iran
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center
| | - Naser Abbasi
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center
- Ilam University of Medical Sciences
- Ilam
- Iran
- Department of Pharmacology
| | - Kamal Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry
- Lorestan University
- Khorramabad
- Iran
| | - Elahe Karimi
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center
- Ilam University of Medical Sciences
- Ilam
- Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu RR, Zhang XP, Wang F, Shang ZP, Wang F, Liu Y, Lu JQ, Zhang JY. Rapid screening and identification of sesquiterpene lactones in Kudiezi injection based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:150-160. [PMID: 29455731 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones are considered as the major active compounds in Kudiezi injection in virtue of their special structures and activities. Herein, an analytical method was developed for rapid screening and identification of sesquiterpene lactones in Kudiezi injection using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap) in negative ion mode. First, two sesquiterpene lactone reference standards were analyzed to obtain their characteristic ESI-MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Second, based on extracted ion chromatography (EIC) data-mining method and characteristic fragmentation pathways analysis, sesquiterpene lactones in Kudiezi injection were rapidly screened and identified. Finally, an important parameter Clog P was adopted to discriminate the isomers of sesquiterpene lactones. As a result, 50 sesquiterpene lactones were characterized, including 9 sesquiterpene lactone aglycones, 39 sesquiterpene lactone glycosides, and 2 amino acid-sesquiterpene lactone conjugates. Among them, 13 compounds were tentatively identified as new compounds. The results demonstrated that the established method would be a rapid, effective analytical tool for screening and identification of sesquiterpene lactones in the complex system of natural medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhan-Peng Shang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Beijing Research Institution of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian-Qiu Lu
- Library of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jia-Yu Zhang
- Beijing Research Institution of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hwang TY, Huh CK. Isolation and identification of antimicrobial substances from Korean Lettuce ( Youngia sonchifolia M.). Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:789-797. [PMID: 30263805 PMCID: PMC6049680 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify of antimicrobial substances from Korean Lettuce (Youngia sonchifolia M.). Water and ethanol extracts of Youngia sonchifolia M. exhibited antimicrobial activities against the microorganisms tested. Ethanol extract showed strong antimicrobial activities against most Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms, whereas no lactic acid bacteria and yeasts were not affected. The antimicrobial compound G-6 was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction obtained by silica gel column chromatography and HPLC and was confirmed as stable against heat treatment. Molecular weight of G-6 was calculated as 154 kDa based on information in the MS spectrum. G-6 was identified as 2-nonynoic acid (C9H14O2) by UV, LC-EI/MS, and LC-CI/MS. In support of this, the chromatogram of G-6 was consistent with that of the 2-nonynoic acid standard. Antimicrobial activity of 2-nonynoic acid was identified in all samples, with a significant difference based on concentratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yean Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do 57922 Korea
| | - Chang Ki Huh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do 57922 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luteolin inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis via down-regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential in esophageal carcinoma cells EC1 and KYSE450. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27471-27480. [PMID: 28460467 PMCID: PMC5432349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In current study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of luteolin in human ESCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo and tried to explore the potential mechanisms. Results from flow cytometry showed that luteolin could induce apoptosis and caspase-3 activation and induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in a dose- and time-dependent manner in EC1 and KYSE450 cells. JC-1 test results showed that membrane potential of mitochondria after luteolin treatment was down-regulated and this was an indicator for intrinsic apoptosis. Western Blot results showed the expression of cell cycle regulatory protein p21 and p53 increased and three apoptosis related proteins that participate in mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, namely, Bim, CYT-c and cPARP, also increased in luteolin treated cells compared with control groups. We further confirmed that luteolin could significantly inhibit the growth of ESCC tumors in xenograft mouse models and no evidence of systemic toxicity was observed. Our results suggest that luteolin can induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase through mitochondrial pathway in EC1 and KYSE450 cell lines and proper utilization of luteolin might be a practical approach in ESCC chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Shankar E, Goel A, Gupta K, Gupta S. Plant flavone apigenin: An emerging anticancer agent. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:423-446. [PMID: 29399439 PMCID: PMC5791748 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Research in cancer chemoprevention provides convincing evidence that increased intake of vegetables and fruits may reduce the risk of several human malignancies. Phytochemicals present therein provide beneficial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that serve to improve the cellular microenvironment. Compounds known as flavonoids categorized anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavanones, flavonols, flavones, and isoflavones have shown considerable promise as chemopreventive agents. Apigenin (4', 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone), a major plant flavone, possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties affecting several molecular and cellular targets used to treat various human diseases. Epidemiologic and case-control studies have suggested apigenin reduces the risk of certain cancers. Studies demonstrate that apigenin retain potent therapeutic properties alone and/or increases the efficacy of several chemotherapeutic drugs in combination on a variety of human cancers. Apigenin's anticancer effects could also be due to its differential effects in causing minimal toxicity to normal cells with delayed plasma clearance and slow decomposition in liver increasing the systemic bioavailability in pharmacokinetic studies. Here we discuss the anticancer role of apigenin highlighting its potential activity as a chemopreventive and therapeutic agent. We also highlight the current caveats that preclude apigenin for its use in the human trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eswar Shankar
- Department of Urology, The James and Eilleen Dicke Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Urology, The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Aditi Goel
- Department of Biology, School of Undergraduate Studies, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Karishma Gupta
- Department of Urology, The James and Eilleen Dicke Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Urology, The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, The James and Eilleen Dicke Laboratory, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Urology, The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jangdey MS, Gupta A, Saraf S. Fabrication, in-vitro characterization, and enhanced in-vivo evaluation of carbopol-based nanoemulsion gel of apigenin for UV-induced skin carcinoma. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1026-1036. [PMID: 28687053 PMCID: PMC8241183 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1344333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a potential novel formulation of carbopol-based nanoemulsion gel containing apigenin using tamarind gum emulsifier which was having the smallest droplet size, the highest drug content, and a good physical stability for Skin delivery. Apigenin loaded nanoemulsion was prepared by high speed homogenization method and they were characterized with respect to morphology, zeta potential, differential scanning calorimeter study, and penetration studies. In-vitro release studies and skin permeation of apigenin loaded nanoemulsion by goat abdominal skin was determined using Franz diffusion cell and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The cytotoxicity of the reported formulation was evaluated in HaCaT Cells (A) and A431 cells (B) by MTT assay. The nanoemulsion formulation showed droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of 183.31 nm, 0.532, and 31.9 mV, respectively. The nanoemulsions were characterized by TEM demonstrated spherical droplets and FTIR to ensure the compatibility among its ingredients. CLSM showed uniform fluorescence intensity across the entire depth of skin in nanocarriers treatment, indicating high penetrability of nanoemulsion gel through goatskin. The nanoemulsion gel showed toxicity on melanoma (A341) in a concentration range of 0.4-2.0 mg/ml, but less toxicity toward HaCaT cells. The carbopol-based nanoemulsion gel formulation of apigenin possesses better penetrability across goatskin as compared to marketed formulation. Hence, the study postulates that the novel nanoemulsion gel of apigenin can be proved fruitful for the treatment of skin cancer in near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manmohan S. Jangdey
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Anshita Gupta
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Oxidative Stress Triggered by Apigenin Induces Apoptosis in a Comprehensive Panel of Human Cervical Cancer-Derived Cell Lines. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1512745. [PMID: 28191273 PMCID: PMC5278229 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1512745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the cytotoxic effects of apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), particularly its marked inhibition of cancer cell viability both in vitro and in vivo, have attracted the attention of the anticancer drug discovery field. Despite this, there are few studies of apigenin in cervical cancer, and these studies have mostly been conducted using HeLa cells. To evaluate the possibility of apigenin as a new therapeutic candidate for cervical cancer, we evaluated its cytotoxic effects in a comprehensive panel of human cervical cancer-derived cell lines including HeLa (human papillomavirus/HPV 18-positive), SiHa (HPV 16-positive), CaSki (HPV 16 and HPV 18-positive), and C33A (HPV-negative) cells in comparison to a nontumorigenic spontaneously immortalized human epithelial cell line (HaCaT). Our results demonstrated that apigenin had a selective cytotoxic effect and could induce apoptosis in all cervical cancer cell lines which were positively marked with Annexin V, but not in HaCaT (control cells). Additionally, apigenin was able to induce mitochondrial redox impairment, once it increased ROS levels and H2O2, decreased the Δψm, and increased LPO. Still, apigenin was able to inhibit migration and invasion of cancer cells. Thus, apigenin appears to be a promising new candidate as an anticancer drug for cervical cancer induced by different HPV genotypes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ali F, Rahul, Naz F, Jyoti S, Siddique YH. Health functionality of apigenin: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1207188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
18
|
Lim W, Park S, Bazer FW, Song G. Apigenin Reduces Survival of Choriocarcinoma Cells by Inducing Apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 MAPK Pathways. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2690-9. [PMID: 26970256 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin is a flavonoid found in parsley, onions, oranges, tea, chamomile, wheat, and sprouts. It has a variety of biological properties including anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-spasmodic effects. Based on epidemiological and case-control studies, apigenin is regarded as a novel chemotherapeutic agent against various cancer types. However, little is known about the effects of apigenin on choriocarcinoma cells. Therefore, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of apigenin on choriocarcinoma cells (JAR and JEG3) in the present study. Apigenin reduced viability and migratory properties, increased apoptosis, and suppressed mitochondrial membrane potential in both the JAR and JEG3 cells. In addition, apigenin predominantly decreased phosphorylation of AKT, P70RSK, and S6 whereas the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and P90RSK was increased by apigenin treatment of JAR and JEG3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, treatment of JAR and JEG3 cells with both apigenin and pharmacological inhibitors of PI3K/AKT (LY294002) and ERK1/2 (U0126) revealed synergistic anti-proliferative effects. Collectively, these results indicated that the apigenin is an invaluable chemopreventive agent that inhibits progression and metastasis of choriocarcinoma cells through regulation of PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 MAPK signal transduction mechanism. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2690-2699, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whasun Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang RQ, Li DY, Xu TD, Zhu SS, Pan HJ, Fang F, Wu X, Sun H. Antioxidative effect of luteolin pretreatment on simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury in cardiomyocyte and perfused rat heart. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 23:518-527. [PMID: 26956461 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antioxidative effect and mechanism of luteolin on rat cardiomyocytes and isolated hearts followed by simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) injury. METHODS The left ventricular cardiomyocytes and the isolated hearts from adult rats were subjected to SI/R injury. The experiment groups included control, SI/R, luteolin + SI/R (Lut + SI/R), vitamin E (Vit E) + SI/R, and LY294002 + luteolin + SI/R (LY + Lut + SI/R) groups. Cell viability, shortening amplitude, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), expression levels of Akt, phosphorylated Akt, NOX2 (gp91phox), NOX2 mRNA, mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and phosphorylated p38MAPK were all measured after 3-h simulated ischemia and 2-h simulated reperfusion procedure in cardiomyocytes. Vit E was used as a standard control. The contractile function of isolated hearts was further observed after they were subjected to 30-min global ischemia and 120-min reperfusion. RESULTS Pretreatment with 8-μmol/L luteolin substantially increased cell viability and shortening amplitude, while reducing evidence of oxidative stress-induced damage in the cells. In addition, the expression of NOX2, NOX2 mRNA and phosphorylation of p38MAPK were all downregulated. Furthermore, pretreatment with 40-μmol/L luteolin improved the recovery of myocardial contractile function following SI/R-induced injury, and luteolin markedly increased phosphorylation of Akt. However, all of the above effects were partially inhibited by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002. CONCLUSIONS Luteolin prevents SI/R-induced myocardial damage by reducing oxidative stress-induced injury in isolated rat hearts and cardiomyocytes, and the cardioprotection induced by luteolin was partially mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qu Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Dong-Ye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China.
| | - Tong-da Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Sha-Sha Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Huan-Jun Pan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
He J, Ning C, Wang Y, Ma T, Huang H, Ge Y, Liu J, Jiang Y. Natural plant flavonoid apigenin directly disrupts Hsp90/Cdc37 complex and inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth and migration. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
21
|
YEE SUBOG, CHOI HYEJOUNG, CHUNG SANGWOON, PARK DONGHEUN, SUNG BOKYUNG, CHUNG HAEYOUNG, KIM NAMDEUK. Growth inhibition of luteolin on HepG2 cells is induced via p53 and Fas/Fas-ligand besides the TGF-β pathway. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:747-54. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|
22
|
Cai W, Zhang JY, Dong LY, Yin PH, Wang CG, Lu JQ, Zhang HG. Identification of the metabolites of Ixerin Z from Ixeris sonchifolia Hance in rats by HPLC–LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 107:290-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
23
|
Sak K. Cytotoxicity of dietary flavonoids on different human cancer types. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 8:122-46. [PMID: 25125885 PMCID: PMC4127821 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.134247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are ubiquitous in nature. They are also in food, providing an essential link between diet and prevention of chronic diseases including cancer. Anticancer effects of these polyphenols depend on several factors: Their chemical structure and concentration, and also on the type of cancer. Malignant cells from different tissues reveal somewhat different sensitivity toward flavonoids and, therefore, the preferences of the most common dietary flavonoids to various human cancer types are analyzed in this review. While luteolin and kaempferol can be considered as promising candidate agents for treatment of gastric and ovarian cancers, respectively, apigenin, chrysin, and luteolin have good perspectives as potent antitumor agents for cervical cancer; cells from main sites of flavonoid metabolism (colon and liver) reveal rather large fluctuations in anticancer activity probably due to exposure to various metabolites with different activities. Anticancer effect of flavonoids toward blood cancer cells depend on their myeloid, lymphoid, or erythroid origin; cytotoxic effects of flavonoids on breast and prostate cancer cells are highly related to the expression of hormone receptors. Different flavonoids are often preferentially present in certain food items, and knowledge about the malignant tissue-specific anticancer effects of flavonoids could be purposely applied both in chemoprevention as well as in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- Non Government Organization Praeventio, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tsai YD, Chen HJ, Hsu HF, Lu K, Liang CL, Liliang PC, Wang KW, Wang HK, Wang CP, Houng JY. Luteolin inhibits proliferation of human glioblastoma cells via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
25
|
Digitoflavone inhibits IκBα kinase and enhances apoptosis induced by TNFα through downregulation of expression of nuclear factor κB-regulated gene products in human pancreatic cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77126. [PMID: 24146961 PMCID: PMC3795624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) activates both cell death and cell survival pathways. The activation of survival pathway renders most cancer cells resistant to TNF-induced cytotoxicity. We found that pretreatment with digitoflavone, a plant flavonoid, greatly sensitized TNFα-induced apoptotic cell death in several human pancreatic cancer cells. In search of the molecular basis of the sensitization effect of digitoflavone, digitoflavone was found to inhibit TNFα-induced activation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) which is the main survival factor in TNFα signaling. NF-κB suppression occurred through inhibition of IκBα kinase activation, IκBα phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, and NF-κB nuclear translocation. This inhibition correlated with suppression of NF-κB-dependent genes involved in antiapoptosis (mcl-1, bcl-2, bcl-xl, c-iap1, c-iap2, flip, and survivin), proliferation (c-myc, cyclin d1), and angiogenesis (vegf, cox-2, and mmp-9). In addition, digitoflavone can activate JNK through inhibition of NF-κB signaling, provide a continuous blockade of the feed-back inhibitory mechanism by JNK-induced NF-κB activation. This study found a novel function of digitoflavone and enhanced the value of digitoflavone as an anticancer agent.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang YC, He CN, Chew EH. Studies on the Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities ofIxeris. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:1373-91. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
27
|
Protective effects of phenolic constituents from Cytisus multiflorus, Lamium album L. and Thymus citriodorus on liver cells. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
28
|
Si H, Wyeth RP, Liu D. The flavonoid luteolin induces nitric oxide production and arterial relaxation. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:269-75. [PMID: 23604495 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Luteolin, a flavone present in many foods and medicinal plants, may have beneficial effects on various human chronic diseases. In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that luteolin can directly act on vascular endothelial cells (ECs), leading to nitric oxide (NO) production and subsequent vascular relaxation. METHODS Rat aortic rings were mounted in organ bath. Luteolin was added cumulatively, and vessel relaxation of rat aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine (PE) or potassium was recorded. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation at Ser1177 and NO production from aortic rings and primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) exposed to luteolin were measured by using Western blot and fluorometric assay, respectively. RESULTS Luteolin dose-dependently (10-100 μmol/L) elicited relaxation of PE- or potassium-contracted aortic rings. The vasorelaxation effect of luteolin was attenuated by the eNOS inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, suggesting that this luteolin action is at least partially mediated by activating eNOS activity. We further found that luteolin dose-dependently (10-100 μmol/L) increased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 (up to 1.9-fold) in isolated rat rings. Consistently, exposure of HAECs to luteolin also increased eNOS phosphorylation and NO production. CONCLUSIONS Luteolin may be a vascular protective agent by directly acting on vascular ECs to stimulate NO-dependent vascular dilatation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Si
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cai X, Lu W, Ye T, Lu M, Wang J, Huo J, Qian S, Wang X, Cao P. The molecular mechanism of luteolin-induced apoptosis is potentially related to inhibition of angiogenesis in human pancreatic carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:1353-61. [PMID: 22825765 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin has been shown to have a strong anticancer effect on various cancer models via programmed cell death (apoptosis). However, the fundamental mechanisms of these effects are still unclear. In the present study, we examined the question of whether or not luteolin can inhibit proliferation of pancreatic carcinoma cells, via apoptosis. We used three human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, PANC-1, CoLo‑357 and BxPC-3 in our study. In luteolin-treated pancreatic carcinoma cells, typical features of apoptosis were observed. Luteolin increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, with a concomitant increase in the levels of caspase-3 and cleaved PARP after treatment for 24 h. Luteolin inhibited HUVEC proliferation and vessel growth in CAM in vivo. In addition, the concentration of VEGF in the conditioned medium from human pancreatic carcinoma cells was downregulated by luteolin. Pancreatic carcinoma cells, pretreated with luteolin, could decrease the capillary-like structure formation by HUVEC, which was analyzed by a co-culture system. The abatement of VEGF secretion was related to the inhibition of VEGF mRNA expression, which may be regulated by inhibiting the transcription activity of nuclear transcription factor NF-κB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Cai
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stagos D, Amoutzias GD, Matakos A, Spyrou A, Tsatsakis AM, Kouretas D. Chemoprevention of liver cancer by plant polyphenols. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2155-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
31
|
Apigenin induces apoptosis via tumor necrosis factor receptor- and Bcl-2-mediated pathway and enhances susceptibility of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1081-91. [PMID: 22554915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apigenin, a natural plant flavone, may have chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer. Nevertheless, the anti-tumor effect of apigenin on human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is not fully understood. METHODS The antioxidant capacity and protective effects of apigenin against oxidative stress in murine normal embryonic liver BNLCL2 cells are examined. Cell viability, morphologic change, clonogenic survival, cell cycle distribution, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione formation, and death receptors- and Bcl-2-mediated caspase pathways of HNSCC SCC25 cells and A431 cells with apigenin are investigated. RESULTS Apigenin inhibits the growth of SCC25 and A431 cells and induces cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Apigenin has an antioxidant capacity as well as the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation. It protects BNLCL2 cells against oxidative damage, and is potentially able to prevent cancer. Apigenin increases intracellular ROS levels and reduces levels of glutathione; it also induces cell apoptosis via tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R)-, and Bcl-2-mediated caspase-dependent cell death pathways in SCC25 cells. The combination of apigenin with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) or cisplatin induces the dramatic death of SCC25 cells. CONCLUSIONS Apigenin induces SCC25 cell apoptosis via the up-regulation of both TNF-R and TRAIL-R signaling pathways, and has a synergistic effect on the inhibition of cell proliferation in combination with 5-Fu or cisplatin. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These analytical findings suggest that apigenin may be a good therapeutic agent against HNSCC cells.
Collapse
|
32
|
Cai X, Ye T, Liu C, Lu W, Lu M, Zhang J, Wang M, Cao P. Luteolin induced G2 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis on non-small cell lung cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1385-91. [PMID: 21601631 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism for the potent cell cycle inhibition and pro-apoptotic effect of luteolin (2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-chromenone) on human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell line A549. MTT assay showed that luteolin had obvious cytotoxicity on A549 with IC(50) of 40.2 μM at 48 h. Pro-apoptotic effect of luteolin on A549 cells was demonstrated by Hoechst 33258 staining assay and annexin V-FITC/PI double staining analysis. A great quantity of apoptotic cells and increasing G2 phase cells were observed by flow cytometry. Western blotting assay revealed that luteolin activated JNK, increased Bax, promoted procaspase-9 cleavage and activated caspase-3 at last. Assay using TNFα, an active agent of NF-κB, showed that pretreatment of A549 cells with luteolin could inhibit TNFα induced trans-nuclear of NF-κB. In summary, luteolin displayed a significant cytotoxic effect through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction in A549 cells. Pro-apoptotic effect was implemented via activating JNK and inhibiting translocation of NF-κB (p65). These results suggested that luteolin might have therapeutic potential against NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Cai
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shi P, Zhang Y, Qu H, Fan X. Systematic characterisation of secondary metabolites from Ixeris sonchifolia by the combined use of HPLC-TOFMS and HPLC-ITMS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2011; 22:66-73. [PMID: 20799274 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ixeris sonchifolia (Bunge) Hance, a folk medicine, has been widely used in China for its anti-inflammatory and haemostatic effects. However, the miscellaneous component composition of this herbal medicine is not well known. OBJECTIVE To develop a fast and comprehensive analytical method for the characterisation of various components from I. Sonchifolia, as a tool for the quality control of the herb and its related preparations. METHODOLOGY Ixeris sonchifolia samples were extracted with 60% aqueous methanol, purified by solid-phase extraction and then analysed by the combinatorial use of HPLC-TOFMS and HPLC-ITMS. RESULTS A total of six sesquiterpene lactones, six phenolic acids and seven flavonoids were identified or tentatively characterised. Five of them were reported for the first time in I. sonchifolia and, in particular, two amino acid-sesquiterpene lactone conjugates, 11,13-dihydro-13-prolyl-ixerin Z and 11,13-dihydro-13-prolyl-ixerin Z(1), that were first found in this plant source. CONCLUSION A global profile of I. sonchifolia constituents was described, which could be useful for the quality control of this herb and its related preparations. The employed combination of HPLC-TOFMS and HPLC-ITMS could also be a promising tool for the analysis of other herbal medicines containing sesquiterpene lactones, phenolic acids or flavonoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Shi
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liao PH, Hung LM, Chen YH, Kuan YH, Zhang FBY, Lin RH, Shih HC, Tsai SK, Huang SS. Cardioprotective Effects of Luteolin During Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Circ J 2011; 75:443-50. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-10-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hu Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University and Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
| | - Li-Man Hung
- Department of Life Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University and Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
| | | | - Ruey-Hseng Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University and Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
| | - Hung-Che Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University and Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
| | - Shen-Kou Tsai
- Division of Anesthesiology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital
| | - Shiang-Suo Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University and Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Apigenin: a promising molecule for cancer prevention. Pharm Res 2010; 27:962-78. [PMID: 20306120 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin, a naturally occurring plant flavone, abundantly present in common fruits and vegetables, is recognized as a bioactive flavonoid shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties. Epidemiologic studies suggest that a diet rich in flavones is related to a decreased risk of certain cancers, particularly cancers of the breast, digestive tract, skin, prostate and certain hematological malignancies. It has been suggested that apigenin may be protective in other diseases that are affected by oxidative process, such as cardiovascular and neurological disorders, although more research needs to be conducted in this regard. Human clinical trials examining the effect of supplementation of apigenin on disease prevention have not been conducted, although there is considerable potential for apigenin to be developed as a cancer chemopreventive agent.
Collapse
|
36
|
Yoo DR, Jang YH, Jeon YK, Kim JY, Jeon W, Choi YJ, Nam MJ. Proteomic identification of anti-cancer proteins in luteolin-treated human hepatoma Huh-7 cells. Cancer Lett 2009; 282:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
37
|
Zhou Q, Yan B, Hu X, Li XB, Zhang J, Fang J. Luteolin inhibits invasion of prostate cancer PC3 cells through E-cadherin. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:1684-91. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
38
|
Zhang YC, Zhou L, Ng KY. Sesquiterpene lactones from Ixeris sonchifolia Hance and their cytotoxicities on A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2009; 11:294-298. [PMID: 19431008 DOI: 10.1080/10286020902727520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new sesquiterpene lactone glucoside, 11,13-dihydroixerinoside (1), together with the five known sesquiterpene lactones, ixerinoside (2), ixerin Z (3), 11,13alpha-dihydroixerin Z (4), ixerin Z1 (5), and 3-hydroxydehydroleucodin (6), respectively, were isolated from the whole plants of Ixeris sonchifolia Hance. The compounds were identified by spectral analysis and comparison with spectroscopic data reported in the literatures. When the in vitro cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-6 were evaluated against A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells, all six compounds exhibited cytotoxic activity against A549 cells, with compounds 2, 3, and 6 showing good activities (inhibitory concentration (IC(50) values < 30 microg/ml) that are comparable with well-established chemotherapeutic drug, 5-fluorouracil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Luo H, Jiang BH, King SM, Chen YC. Inhibition of Cell Growth and VEGF Expression in Ovarian Cancer Cells by Flavonoids. Nutr Cancer 2008; 60:800-9. [DOI: 10.1080/01635580802100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
40
|
Yin R, Deng XX, Han F, Song Z, Cheng WM, Chen XH, Bi KS. Determination of five components in Ixeris sonchifolia by high performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:1364-9. [PMID: 17174506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2006] [Revised: 11/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of five major active ingredients (markers) in Ixeris sonchifolia (Bge.) Hance, namely chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide, luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside and luteolin. Samples were extracted with 70% methanol. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Hypersil ODS(2) column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.; 5 microm) with a gradient of acetonitrile and 0.5% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, detected at 335 nm. Five regression equations showed good linear relationships (r(2)>0.999) between the peak area of each marker and concentration. The assay was reproducible with overall intra- and inter-day variation of less than 3.2%. The recoveries, measured at three concentration levels, varied from 94.1% to 100.7%. This assay was successfully applied to the determination of the 5 bioactive compounds in 18 samples. The results indicated that the developed assay method was rapid, accurate, reliable and could be readily utilized as a quality control method for I. sonchifolia (Bge.) Hance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical Universit, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Na Z, Cho JY, Lee HJ, Chung JH, Park KD, Lee YJ, Shin SC, Rim YS, Park KH, Moon JH. Complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of sesquiterpene glucosides from Ixeris sonchifolia. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2007; 45:275-8. [PMID: 17221918 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Four sesquiterpene glucosides were isolated from Ixeris sonchifolia Hance. The structure of a new compound (1) was assigned as 9beta-monohydroxy-2,12-dioxo-guaia-3,11(13)-dien-1alpha,5alpha,6beta,7alpha,9beta,10alphaH-12,6-olide-9-O-beta-D- glucopyranoside (ixerinoside). In addition, unambiguous and complete assignments of (1)H NMR chemical shifts for crepidiaside A (2), ixerin Z (3), and 11,13alpha-dihydroixerin Z (4) are presented. The assignments were achieved by two-dimensional NMR (gCOSY, gHSQC, gHMBC, NOESY) and one-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ZeyEi Na
- Department of Food Science and Technology and Functional Food Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lim DY, Jeong Y, Tyner AL, Park JHY. Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HT-29 human colon cancer cells by the dietary compound luteolin. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 292:G66-75. [PMID: 16901994 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00248.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin is 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone found in celery, green pepper, and perilla leaf that inhibits tumorigenesis in animal models. We examined luteolin-mediated regulation of cell cycle progression and apoptosis in the HT-29 human colon cancer cell line. Luteolin decreased DNA synthesis and viable HT-29 cell numbers in a concentration-dependent manner. It inhibited cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4 and CDK2 activity, resulting in G1 arrest with a concomitant decrease of phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Activities of CDK4 and CDK2 decreased within 2 h after luteolin treatment, with a 38% decrease in CDK2 activity (P < 0.05) observed in cells treated with 40 micromol/l luteolin. Luteolin inhibited CDK2 activity in a cell-free system, suggesting that it directly inhibits CDK2. Cyclin D1 levels decreased after luteolin treatment, although no changes in expression of cyclin A, cyclin E, CDK4, or CDK2 were detected. Luteolin also promoted G2/M arrest at 24 h posttreatment by downregulating cyclin B1 expression and inhibiting cell division cycle (CDC)2 activity. Luteolin promoted apoptosis with increased activation of caspases 3, 7, and 9 and enhanced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and decreased expression of p21(CIP1/WAF1), survivin, Mcl-1, Bcl-x(L), and Mdm-2. Decreased expression of these key antiapoptotic proteins could contribute to the increase in p53-independent apoptosis that was observed in HT-29 cells. We demonstrate that luteolin promotes both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the HT-29 colon cancer cell line, providing insight about the mechanisms underlying its antitumorigenic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do Y Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym Univ., 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chiang LC, Ng LT, Lin IC, Kuo PL, Lin CC. Anti-proliferative effect of apigenin and its apoptotic induction in human Hep G2 cells. Cancer Lett 2005; 237:207-14. [PMID: 16023288 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2004] [Revised: 05/30/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin, a common dietary flavonoid abundantly present in fruits and vegetables, is believed to possess preventive and therapeutic potential against cancers. In this study, the anti-hepatoma property of apigenin was evaluated on three different human hapatoma cells, namely Hep G2, Hep 3B, and PLC/PRF/5 cells. Results showed that apigenin exhibited a significant growth inhibition against the three selected hepatoma cell lines but not the normal murine liver BNL CL.2 cells. Interestingly, it was shown to possess a similar potency as a commercial anti-hepatoma agent 5-flurouracil (5-FU: positive control) against Hep G2 cells, with IC50 value of 8.02+/-1.30 microg/ml. Therefore, we conducted our study further to investigate the cellular mechanism of apigenin effect on Hep G2 cell death. Using DNA ladder and flow cytometric analysis, apigenin was found to induce apoptosis in Hep G2 cells. It also increased the accumulation of p53 and further enhanced the level of p21/WAF1. Together, it was shown that the apoptosis induced by apigenin in Hep G2 cells was possibly mediated through the p53-dependent pathway and the induction of p21 expression, which was probably associated with the cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. The present study concludes that the anti-hepatoma activity of apigenin is as effective as 5-FU and its apoptotic mechanism might be mediated through the p53-dependent pathway and the induction of p21 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Chai Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hongo T, Kajikawa M, Ishida S, Ozawa S, Ohno Y, Sawada JI, Umezawa A, Ishikawa Y, Kobayashi T, Honda H. Three-dimensional high-density culture of HepG2 cells in a 5-ml radial-flow bioreactor for construction of artificial liver. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 99:237-44. [PMID: 16233783 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.99.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Accepted: 12/03/2004] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional high-density cell culture is essential for the construction of an artificial tissue. Many researchers have reported that three-dimensional cell culture enhances cell function. The use of a radial-flow bioreactor (RFB) has enabled the cultivation of cells at high density for constructing a three-dimensional tissue. In this study, we have developed a novel, small RFB, which has a bed volume of 5 ml and is equipped with a porous support as an immobilized scaffold; its performance was tested using the hepatoblastoma cell line, HepG2. Among the other supports tested here, hydroxyl apatite was selected from the viewpoint of its ability to support good cell growth at high density with uniform distribution in a bioreactor. The HepG2 cells grew well in the scaffold under a sufficient supply of nutrients by radial flow and were used to construct a three-dimensional tissue in the scaffold. The concentration of the cells cultivated in this 5-ml RFB reached 10(8) cells/ml and the glucose consumption rate was almost similar to that obtained when using a 30-ml RFB, which has already been reported previously. This high glucose consumption continued over 7 d after the growth phase. Furthermore, albumin production was maintained in the stable phase. Gene expression profiles of cells obtained from long-term cultures in the 5-ml RFB were analyzed. It was found that the expressions of genes encoding the cell cycle-related proteins, cyclins, and cell cycle division 2 (cdc2) were suppressed in the stable phase. In addition, the number of cells incorporating 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in the stable phase markedly decreased compared with that in the growth phase. These results indicated that the majority of cells in the stable phase remain in the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, this implies that the three-dimensional tissue constructed in the 5-ml RFB showed the high function similar to a normal liver in the human body. Therefore, the 5-ml RFB was considered as a useful tool and a substitute method for animal experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomokatsu Hongo
- ABLE Corporation, 2-1-13 Sakurazutsumi, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-0951, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chang J, Hsu Y, Kuo P, Kuo Y, Chiang L, Lin C. Increase of Bax/ Bcl-XL ratio and arrest of cell cycle by luteolin in immortalized human hepatoma cell line. Life Sci 2005; 76:1883-93. [PMID: 15698865 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Accepted: 11/05/2004] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin is a common constituent of many kinds of fruits and vegetables. It possesses the anti-neoplastic activities against several human cancers, but its activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is seldom mentioned. To evaluate the activity against HCC and to provide information about the mechanism, we tested luteolin against five human hepatoma cell lines, namely HepG2, SK-Hep-1, PLC/PRF/5, Hep3B, and HA22T/VGH, with XTT assay and flow cytometry. The results showed that luteolin inhibited PLC/PRF/5, Hep3B and HA22T/VGH at a concentration of 1 microg/ml, but it needed 5 microg/ml to inhibit HepG2 and 10 microg/ml for SK-Hep1 (P <0.05). The inhibitive concentrations of 50% (IC50) of luteolin were between 7.29 microg/ml and 32.59 microg/ml, which were comparable with those of 5-FU (15.35 microg/ml to 32.84 microg/ml). The least effective cell line as affected by luteolin (SK-Hep1) was the most effective one when treating with 5-FU. The least effective cell line as affected by 5-FU (HA22T/VGH) was effectively affected by luteolin. It seemed that luteolin had some complementary activity to 5-FU against these HCC cell lines. The luteolin-treated PLC/PRF/5 cells exhibited typical changes of apoptosis with a characteristic DNA laddering pattern on gel electrophoresis. Luteolin also activated casepase-3, increased Bax protein with a concomitant decrease in Bcl-XL level. Increase in Bax/ Bcl-XL ratio and activation of caspase-3 supported the apoptotic finding on gel electrophoresis. Luteolin also induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. We suggested that luteolin might exhibit anti-HCC activity as efficient as 5-FU by the mechanism of not only cell cycle arrest but also apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungsan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chung HS. Inhibition of Monamine Oxidase by a Flavone and Its Glycoside from Ixeris dentata Nakai. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2003.8.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|