1
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Gazzin S, Bellarosa C, Tiribelli C. Molecular events in brain bilirubin toxicity revisited. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1734-1740. [PMID: 38378754 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in bilirubin neurotoxicity are still far from being fully elucidated. Several different events concur to damage mainly the neurons among which inflammation and alteration of the redox state play a major role. An imbalance of cellular calcium homeostasis has been recently described to be associated with toxic concentrations of bilirubin, and this disequilibrium may in turn elicit an inflammatory reaction. The different and age-dependent sensitivity to bilirubin damage must also be considered in describing the dramatic clinical picture of bilirubin-induced neurological damage (BIND) formerly known as kernicterus spectrum disorder (KSD). This review aims to critically address what is known and what is not in the molecular events of bilirubin neurotoxicity to provide hints for a better diagnosis and more successful treatments. Part of these concepts have been presented at the 38th Annual Audrey K. Brown Kernicterus Symposium of Pediatric American Society, Washington DC, May 1, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gazzin
- Liver-Brain Unit "Rita Moretti", Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristina Bellarosa
- Liver-Brain Unit "Rita Moretti", Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Liver-Brain Unit "Rita Moretti", Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
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2
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Moore TJ, Alami A, Alexander GC, Mattison DR. Safety and effectiveness of NMDA receptor antagonists for depression: A multidisciplinary review. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 42:567-579. [PMID: 35665948 PMCID: PMC9540857 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, an anesthetic available since 1970, and esketamine, its newer S-enantiomer, provide a novel approach for the treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders. At subanesthetic doses, the two drugs, along with their older congener, phencyclidine (PCP), induce a transient, altered mental state by blocking the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor for glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. This multidisciplinary review examines the pharmacology/direct effects on consciousness, effectiveness in depression and acute suicidality, and safety of these fast-acting NMDA antagonists. To capture the essence of 60 years of peer-reviewed literature, we used a semi-structured approach to the subtopics, each of which required a different search strategy. We review the evidence for the three primary reported benefits of the two clinical drugs when used for depression: success in difficult-to-treat patients, rapid onset of action within a day, and immediate effects on suicidality. Key safety issues include the evidence-and lack thereof-for the effects of repeatedly inducing this altered mental state, and whether an adequate safety margin exists to rule out the neurotoxic effects seen in animal studies. This review includes evidence from multiple sources that raise substantial questions about both safety and effectiveness of ketamine and esketamine for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Moore
- Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyMilken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Abdallah Alami
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk AssessmentUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- School of Mathematics and StatisticsCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - G. Caleb Alexander
- Center for Drug Safety and Effectiveness, Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Division of General Internal MedicineJohns Hopkins MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Donald R. Mattison
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk AssessmentUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public HealthUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
- School of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
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3
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Cavaliere S, Lori S, Bastianelli M, Cossu C, Gabbanini S, Dani C, Bertini G. Unilateral Transient Enhanced SEP during Integrated Multiparameter Neurophysiological Monitoring in a Newborn with Symptomatic Seizure. Pediatr Rep 2022; 14:254-261. [PMID: 35736655 PMCID: PMC9230835 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric14020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During Integrated Multiparametric Neurophysiological Monitoring (IMNA), a newborn with suspected hypoxia at birth and microhaemorrhagic and ischaemic lesions presented some clonic-tonic episodes with specific EEG patterns characterized by rolandic and temporal spikes and the appearance of a unilateral enhanced Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SEP) (10.45 µv). Since the literature does not seem to describe cases of giant SEP in newborns, in this case report, we will discuss the hypotheses underlying this potential. It could be assumed that the ischaemic and haemorrhagic lesions presented by the newborn may have developed as a result of neurotransmitter balance failure. This may be the origin of the EEG picture, which, consequently, could have triggered a potential with high amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cavaliere
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Children’s Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Silvia Lori
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.L.); (M.B.); (C.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Maria Bastianelli
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.L.); (M.B.); (C.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Cesarina Cossu
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.L.); (M.B.); (C.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Simonetta Gabbanini
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Department, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.L.); (M.B.); (C.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Carlo Dani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Children’s Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.C.); (C.D.)
| | - Giovanna Bertini
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Children’s Health, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.C.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Basu SK, Pradhan S, du Plessis AJ, Ben-Ari Y, Limperopoulos C. GABA and glutamate in the preterm neonatal brain: In-vivo measurement by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neuroimage 2021; 238:118215. [PMID: 34058332 PMCID: PMC8404144 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive and behavioral disabilities in preterm infants, even without obvious brain injury on conventional neuroimaging, underscores a critical need to identify the subtle underlying microstructural and biochemical derangements. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems undergo rapid maturation during the crucial late gestation and early postnatal life, and are at-risk of disruption after preterm birth. Animal and human autopsy studies provide the bulk of current understanding since non-invasive specialized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to measure GABA and glutamate are not routinely available for this vulnerable population due to logistical and technical challenges. We review the specialized 1H-MRS techniques including MEscher-GArwood Point Resolved Spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS), special challenges and considerations needed for interpretation of acquired data from the developing brain of preterm infants. We summarize the limited in-vivo preterm data, highlight the gaps in knowledge, and discuss future directions for optimal integration of available in-vivo approaches to understand the influence of GABA and glutamate on neurodevelopmental outcomes after preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepta K Basu
- Neonatology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Center for the Developing Brain, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., United States
| | - Subechhya Pradhan
- Center for the Developing Brain, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., United States
| | - Adre J du Plessis
- Fetal Medicine institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., United States
| | - Yehezkel Ben-Ari
- Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Neurochlore, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Limperopoulos
- Center for the Developing Brain, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., United States; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., United States.
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5
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Loss CM, Teodoro L, Rodrigues GD, Moreira LR, Peres FF, Zuardi AW, Crippa JA, Hallak JEC, Abílio VC. Is Cannabidiol During Neurodevelopment a Promising Therapy for Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorders? Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:635763. [PMID: 33613289 PMCID: PMC7890086 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.635763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are psychiatric neurodevelopmental disorders that cause high levels of functional disabilities. Also, the currently available therapies for these disorders are limited. Therefore, the search for treatments that could be beneficial for the altered course of the neurodevelopment associated with these disorders is paramount. Preclinical and clinical evidence points to cannabidiol (CBD) as a promising strategy. In this review, we discuss clinical and preclinical studies on schizophrenia and ASD investigating the behavioral, molecular, and functional effects of chronic treatment with CBD (and with cannabidivarin for ASD) during neurodevelopment. In summary, the results point to CBD's beneficial potential for the progression of these disorders supporting further investigations to strengthen its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Morais Loss
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas Teodoro
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Doná Rodrigues
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Roberto Moreira
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fiel Peres
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio Waldo Zuardi
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Crippa
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaime Eduardo Cecilio Hallak
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Costhek Abílio
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/CAPES/FAPESP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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6
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Menezes FP, Kist LW, Bogo MR, Bonan CD, Da Silva RS. Evaluation of age-dependent response to NMDA receptor antagonism in zebrafish. Zebrafish 2015; 12:137-43. [PMID: 25602300 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2014.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in glutamatergic signaling have been proposed as the cause of several neurological disturbances. The use of MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, to mimic features of these neurological disorders is effective both in mammals and in fish. However, the variability of the subunits comprising the NMDA receptor during development alters the pharmacokinetic properties of the receptor and leads to different responses to this drug. Here, we evaluated the locomotor response of zebrafish to MK-801 (1, 5, and 20 μM) through the development (30 days postfertilization [dpf] to 2 years postfertilization [ypf]). The NMDA receptor subunit gene expression was also analyzed through the development (7 dpf to 2 ypf). Zebrafish displayed an age-related response to MK-801 with a higher response at 60 and 120 dpf. The magnitude of hyperlocomotion promoted by MK-801 seems to be less powerful for zebrafish in relation to rodents. The verification of expression levels in zebrafish NMDA receptor subunits shows that NR1.1 had a slight reduction throughout the development, while the NR2 subunits, especially NR2A.2 and NR2C.1, vary their expression levels according to the stage of development. The time-specific locomotor response to MK-801 through the development could be a consequence of differential NMDA receptor subunit expression. This result of developmental response to MK-801 is a crucial component in the consolidation of zebrafish as a suitable model to study glutamatergic neurotransmission in early phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Peres Menezes
- 1 Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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7
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Ye H, Mandal R, Catherman A, Thomas PM, Kelleher NL, Ikonomidou C, Li L. Top-down proteomics with mass spectrometry imaging: a pilot study towards discovery of biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92831. [PMID: 24710523 PMCID: PMC3978070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the developing mammalian brain, inhibition of NMDA receptor can induce widespread neuroapoptosis, inhibit neurogenesis and cause impairment of learning and memory. Although some mechanistic insights into adverse neurological actions of these NMDA receptor antagonists exist, our understanding of the full spectrum of developmental events affected by early exposure to these chemical agents in the brain is still limited. Here we attempt to gain insights into the impact of pharmacologically induced excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in infancy on the brain proteome using mass spectrometric imaging (MSI). Our goal was to study changes in protein expression in postnatal day 10 (P10) rat brains following neonatal exposure to the NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK801). Analysis of rat brains exposed to vehicle or MK801 and comparison of their MALDI MS images revealed differential relative abundances of several proteins. We then identified these markers such as ubiquitin, purkinje cell protein 4 (PEP-19), cytochrome c oxidase subunits and calmodulin, by a combination of reversed-phase (RP) HPLC fractionation and top-down tandem MS platform. More in-depth large scale study along with validation experiments will be carried out in the future. Overall, our findings indicate that a brief neonatal exposure to a compound that alters excitatory/inhibitory balance in the brain has a long term effect on protein expression patterns during subsequent development, highlighting the utility of MALDI-MSI as a discovery tool for potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rakesh Mandal
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Adam Catherman
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Thomas
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Neil L. Kelleher
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Chrysanthy Ikonomidou
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CI); (LL)
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CI); (LL)
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8
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Low-intensity physical training recovers object recognition memory impairment in rats after early-life induced Status epilepticus. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:196-201. [PMID: 23318691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
When it occurs early in life, Status epilepticus (SE) can cause behavioural and cognitive impairments in adulthood. Here, we evaluated the putative benefits of low-intensity treadmill training on long-standing cognitive impairment in rats submitted to SE early in life. Wistar rats were submitted to LiCl-pilocarpine-induced SE at P16. Animals from the trained group underwent a low-intensity treadmill protocol for 5 days per week for 4 weeks. At adulthood, rats subjected to early-life SE displayed impairment in long-term memory in an object recognition task, while the training protocol completely reversed this deficit. This result was associated with neither locomotor alterations nor changes in emotional behaviour; there were no differences between groups in the distance travelled, grooming or rearing in the open field test; there were also no differences between groups in the number of risk assessment, time spent in open arms in an elevated plus maze and number of entries into the open arms. These data suggest that physical exercise can ameliorate the long-standing recognition memory deficit induced by early-life SE, suggesting that it may be useful as a putative intervention for patients who suffered SE during infancy.
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9
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Poletaeva II, Perepelkina OV, Boyarshinova OS, Lil’p IG, Markina NV, Timoshenko TB, Revishchin AV. Neonatal injections of pharmacological agents and their remote genotype-dependent effects in mice and rats. Russ J Dev Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360412060045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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McCollum CW, Ducharme NA, Bondesson M, Gustafsson JA. Developmental toxicity screening in zebrafish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 93:67-114. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Bender C, de Olmos S, Bueno A, de Olmos J, Lorenzo A. Comparative analyses of the neurodegeneration induced by the non-competitive NMDA-receptor-antagonist drug MK801 in mice and rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2010; 32:542-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Buzanska L, Sypecka J, Nerini-Molteni S, Compagnoni A, Hogberg HT, del Torchio R, Domanska-Janik K, Zimmer J, Coecke S. A human stem cell-based model for identifying adverse effects of organic and inorganic chemicals on the developing nervous system. Stem Cells 2010; 27:2591-601. [PMID: 19609937 DOI: 10.1002/stem.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate whether a human neural stem cell line derived from umbilical cord blood (HUCB-NSC) can serve as a reliable test model for developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). We assessed the sensitivity of HUCB-NSCs at different developmental stages to a panel of neurotoxic (sodium tellurite, methylmercury chloride, cadmium chloride, chlorpyrifos, and L-glutamate) and non-neurotoxic (acetaminophen, theophylline, and D-glutamate) compounds. In addition, we investigated the effect of some compounds on key neurodevelopmental processes like cell proliferation, apoptotic cell death, and neuronal and glial differentiation. Less differentiated HUCB-NSCs were generally more sensitive to neurotoxicants, with the notable exception of L-glutamate, which showed a higher toxicity to later stages. The relative potencies of the compounds were: cadmium chloride > methylmercury chloride >> chlorpyrifos >> L-glutamate. Fifty nanomolar methylmercury chloride (MeHgCl) inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in early-stage cells. At the differentiated stage, 1 muM MeHgCl induced selective loss of S100 beta-expressing astrocytic cells. One millimolar L-glutamate did not influence the early stages of HUCB-NSC development, but it affected late stages of neuronal differentiation. A valuable system for in vitro DNT assessment should be able to discriminate between neurotoxic and non-neurotoxic compounds and show different susceptibilities to chemicals according to developmental stage and cell lineage. Although not exhaustive, this work shows that the HUCB-NSC model fulfils these criteria and may serve as a human in vitro model for DNT priority setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonora Buzanska
- NeuroRepair Department, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Tiwari-Woodruff S, Voskuhl RR. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of estrogen receptor ligand treatment in mice. J Neurol Sci 2009; 286:81-5. [PMID: 19442988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Demyelination and neurodegeneration is a major contributor in the progression of disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, the development of therapies that are neuroprotective has elicited considerable interests. Estrogens and estrogen receptor (ER) ligand treatments are promising treatments to prevent MS-induced neurodegeneration and a multicenter phase II clinical trial of estriol as a beneficial therapy in MS is underway. Here, we discuss studies performed in our laboratory that examined the effects of ER ligands in the inflammatory/demyelinating disorder experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS. Administration of estriol or 17beta-estradiol reduced clinical severity and this clinical disease improvement was associated with favorable changes in cytokine production. There was a significant decrease of neuronal pathology in gray matter along with myelin and axon preservation in white matter of spinal cords of mice with EAE. In subsequent experiments, we contrasted the results of ERalpha versus ERbeta ligand treatment. While ERalpha ligand treatment was anti-inflammatory, ERbeta ligand treatment was not. ERbeta ligand treatment nevertheless reduced demyelination and preserved axon numbers in white matter and prevented neuronal abnormalities in gray matter. Clinically, ERalpha ligand treatment abrogated the disease at the onset, while ERbeta ligand treatment had no effect at disease onset, but promoted recovery. Thus, unlike ERalpha ligand treatment, ERbeta ligand treatment was protective at the level of the target organ, independent of anti-inflammatory effects in the peripheral immune system. ERbeta ligand treatment should be considered as a potential neuroprotective agent for MS and other neurodegenerative diseases, particularly since breast and uterine cancer are mediated through ERalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Tiwari-Woodruff
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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14
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Mareš P. Age-dependent anticonvulsant action of antagonists of group I glutamate metabotropic receptors in rats. Epilepsy Res 2009; 83:215-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Errico F, Napolitano F, Nisticò R, Centonze D, Usiello A. D-Aspartate: An Atypical Amino Acid with Neuromodulatory Activity in Mammals. Rev Neurosci 2009; 20:429-40. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro.2009.20.5-6.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Kaindl AM, Koppelstaetter A, Nebrich G, Stuwe J, Sifringer M, Zabel C, Klose J, Ikonomidou C. Brief alteration of NMDA or GABAA receptor-mediated neurotransmission has long term effects on the developing cerebral cortex. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 7:2293-310. [PMID: 18587059 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800030-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter signaling is essential for physiologic brain development. Sedative and anticonvulsant agents that reduce neuronal excitability via antagonism at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and/or agonism at gamma-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptors (GABA(A)Rs) are applied frequently in obstetric and pediatric medicine. We demonstrated that a 1-day treatment of infant mice at postnatal day 6 (P6) with the NMDAR antagonist dizocilpine or the GABA(A)R agonist phenobarbital not only has acute but also long term effects on the cerebral cortex. Changes of the cerebral cortex proteome 1 day (P7), 1 week (P14), and 4 weeks (P35) following treatment at P6 suggest that a suppression of synaptic neurotransmission during brain development dysregulates proteins associated with apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell proliferation, and neuronal circuit formation. These effects appear to be age-dependent as most protein changes did not occur in mice subjected to such pharmacological treatment in adulthood. Previously performed histological evaluations of the brains revealed widespread apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation following such a drug treatment in infancy and are thus consistent with brain protein changes reported in this study. Our results point toward several pathways modulated by a reduction of neuronal excitability that might interfere with critical developmental events and thus affirm concerns about the impact of NMDAR- and/or GABA(A)R-modulating drugs on human brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Kaindl
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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