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Huang J, Wang Z, Fan L, Ma S. A review of wheat starch analyses: Methods, techniques, structure and function. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:130-142. [PMID: 35093434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Wheat starch has received much attention as an important source of dietary energy for humans, an interesting carbohydrate and a polymeric material. The understanding of the structure and function of wheat starch has always been accompanied by newer technological tools. On the one hand, the general knowledge of wheat starch is constantly being enriched. On the other hand, an increasing number of studies are trying to add new insights to what is already known from two frontier perspectives, namely, wheat starch supramolecular structures and wheat starch fine structures (CLDs). This review describes the structure and function of wheat starch from the perspective of wheat starch analysis techniques (instruments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Huang
- College of Food and Medicine, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ling Fan
- College of Food and Medicine, Xuchang University, Xuchang, Henan 461000, China
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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2
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Nucia A, Okoń S, Tomczyńska-Mleko M, Nawrocka A. Molecular and physical characterization of grain hardness in European spring common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). 3 Biotech 2021; 11:345. [PMID: 34221816 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02897-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain hardness is the single most important trait in determining technological properties and end-use quality of wheat product. This trait is controlled by two genes (Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1) at the Hardness (Ha) locus. Soft endosperm kernels are characterized by the presence of alleles 'a' in both genes (Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1a), while the medium hard and hard grain is the result of deletion in the Pina-D1 gene or single mutation of the Pinb-D1 gene. The aim of the current study was to determine the relationship between common wheat grain hardness and the presence of puroindoline genes. Eighty-one spring common wheat cultivars from Europe were analysed for grain hardness by SKCS (Single Kernel Characterization System) and Pin-D1 genes. The analysed genotypes were divided into three hardness classes: hard, medium and soft and they showed four allelic combinations in Pin-D1 genes. The SKCS results showed that hard wheat was the major type in European cultivars, whereas molecular analysis showed differential allelic combinations of puroindoline genes among these classes. The conducted analyses suggest that another major gene or other factors were influencing kernel texture. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02897-3.
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Lyzenga WJ, Pozniak CJ, Kagale S. Advanced domestication: harnessing the precision of gene editing in crop breeding. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:660-670. [PMID: 33657682 PMCID: PMC8051614 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Human population growth has increased the demand for food crops, animal feed, biofuel and biomaterials, all the while climate change is impacting environmental growth conditions. There is an urgent need to develop crop varieties which tolerate adverse growth conditions while requiring fewer inputs. Plant breeding is critical to global food security and, while it has benefited from modern technologies, it remains constrained by a lack of valuable genetic diversity, linkage drag, and an effective way to combine multiple favourable alleles for complex traits. CRISPR/Cas technology has transformed genome editing across biological systems and promises to transform agriculture with its high precision, ease of design, multiplexing ability and low cost. We discuss the integration of CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing into crop breeding to advance domestication and refine inbred crop varieties for various applications and growth environments. We highlight the use of CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing to fix desirable allelic variants, generate novel alleles, break deleterious genetic linkages, support pre-breeding and for introgression of favourable loci into elite lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J. Lyzenga
- Aquatic and Crop Resource DevelopmentNational Research Council CanadaSaskatoonSKCanada
- Global Institute for Food SecurityUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
| | | | - Sateesh Kagale
- Aquatic and Crop Resource DevelopmentNational Research Council CanadaSaskatoonSKCanada
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López-Fernández M, Pascual L, Faci I, Fernández M, Ruiz M, Benavente E, Giraldo P. Exploring the End-Use Quality Potential of a Collection of Spanish Bread Wheat Landraces. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:620. [PMID: 33805170 PMCID: PMC8064353 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Modern plant-breeding practices have narrowed the genetic base of wheat, such that there is a need to introduce new germplasms with underexploited diversity into breeding programs. Wheat landraces are a very valuable resource when searching for genetic variation, which not only possess increased adaptability, but also quality-related traits. Several studies have shown a wide genetic diversity in Spanish wheat landraces compared to other germplasm collections; therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyze the variability in a collection of 189 landraces from the Spanish National Plant Genetic Resources Centre (Centro de Recursos Fitogenéticos, CRF-INIA, Alcalá de Henares), in relation to end-use quality traits. We characterized the whole collection for high-molecular-weight glutenin and puroindoline allelic composition, and for gluten strength. In addition, grain protein content, grains per spike, and thousand kernel weight were evaluated in samples from four-year field trials. The relationship between glutenin composition and quality was evaluated, and some alleles strongly associated with high quality were identified in the collection, some of them specific for Iberian landraces. The results also show the presence of novel variability within high-molecular-weight glutenin and puroindolines, which needs to be characterized further in order to assess its influence on wheat quality. In addition, a set of landraces showing outstanding values for gluten quality and a good agronomic performance was selected for testing in field trials in order to evaluate the suitability of their direct use in cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde López-Fernández
- Department of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-F.); (L.P.); (I.F.); (M.F.); (E.B.)
| | - Laura Pascual
- Department of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-F.); (L.P.); (I.F.); (M.F.); (E.B.)
| | - Isabel Faci
- Department of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-F.); (L.P.); (I.F.); (M.F.); (E.B.)
| | - Mario Fernández
- Department of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-F.); (L.P.); (I.F.); (M.F.); (E.B.)
| | - Magdalena Ruiz
- National Plant Genetic Resources Centre, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Elena Benavente
- Department of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-F.); (L.P.); (I.F.); (M.F.); (E.B.)
| | - Patricia Giraldo
- Department of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-F.); (L.P.); (I.F.); (M.F.); (E.B.)
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5
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Wang D, Zhang K, Dong L, Dong Z, Li Y, Hussain A, Zhai H. Molecular genetic and genomic analysis of wheat milling and end-use traits in China: Progress and perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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6
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Nadolska-Orczyk A, Rajchel IK, Orczyk W, Gasparis S. Major genes determining yield-related traits in wheat and barley. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2017; 130:1081-1098. [PMID: 28314933 PMCID: PMC5440550 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Current development of advanced biotechnology tools allows us to characterize the role of key genes in plant productivity. The implementation of this knowledge in breeding strategies might accelerate the progress in obtaining high-yielding cultivars. The achievements of the Green Revolution were based on a specific plant ideotype, determined by a single gene involved in gibberellin signaling or metabolism. Compared with the 1950s, an enormous increase in our knowledge about the biological basis of plant productivity has opened new avenues for novel breeding strategies. The large and complex genomes of diploid barley and hexaploid wheat represent a great challenge, but they also offer a large reservoir of genes that can be targeted for breeding. We summarize examples of productivity-related genes/mutants in wheat and barley, identified or characterized by means of modern biology. The genes are classified functionally into several groups, including the following: (1) transcription factors, regulating spike development, which mainly affect grain number; (2) genes involved in metabolism or signaling of growth regulators-cytokinins, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids-which control plant architecture and in consequence stem hardiness and grain yield; (3) genes determining cell division and proliferation mainly impacting grain size; (4) floral regulators influencing inflorescence architecture and in consequence seed number; and (5) genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism having an impact on plant architecture and grain yield. The implementation of selected genes in breeding programs is discussed, considering specific genotypes, agronomic and climate conditions, and taking into account that many of the genes are members of multigene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland.
| | - Izabela K Rajchel
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Wacław Orczyk
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gasparis
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland
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7
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Hourston JE, Ignatz M, Reith M, Leubner-Metzger G, Steinbrecher T. Biomechanical properties of wheat grains: the implications on milling. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:rsif.2016.0828. [PMID: 28100826 PMCID: PMC5310733 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Millennia of continuous innovation have driven ever increasing efficiency in the milling process. Mechanically characterizing wheat grains and discerning the structure and function of the wheat bran layers can contribute to continuing innovation. We present novel shear force and puncture force testing regimes to characterize different wheat grain cultivars. The forces endured by wheat grains during the milling process can be quantified, enabling us to measure the impact of commonly applied grain pretreatments, such as microwave heating, extended tempering, enzyme and hormone treatments on grains of different ‘hardness’. Using these methods, we demonstrate the importance of short tempering phases prior to milling and identify ways in which our methods can detect differences in the maximum force, energy and breaking behaviours of hard and soft grain types. We also demonstrate for the first time, endosperm weakening in wheat, through hormone stratification on single bran layers. The modern milling process is highly refined, meaning that small, cultivar specific, adjustments can result in large increases in downstream profits. We believe that methods such as these, which enable rapid testing of milling pretreatments and material properties can help to drive an innovation process that has been core to our industrial efforts since prehistory.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Hourston
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Michael Ignatz
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Martin Reith
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Tina Steinbrecher
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
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Gasparis S, Kała M, Przyborowski M, Orczyk W, Nadolska-Orczyk A. Artificial MicroRNA-Based Specific Gene Silencing of Grain Hardness Genes in Polyploid Cereals Appeared to Be Not Stable Over Transgenic Plant Generations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:2017. [PMID: 28119710 PMCID: PMC5220083 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Gene silencing by RNA interference is a particularly important tool in the study of gene function in polyploid cereal species for which the collections of natural or induced mutants are very limited. Previously we have been testing small interfering RNA-based approach of gene silencing in wheat and triticale. In this research, artificial microRNAs (amiRs) were studied in the same species and the same target genes to compare effectiveness of both gene silencing pathways. amiR cassettes were designed to silence Puroindoline a (Pina) and Puroindoline b (Pinb) hardness genes in wheat and their orthologues Secaloindoline a (Sina) and Secaloindoline b (Sinb) genes in triticale. Each of the two cassettes contained 21 nt microRNA (miR) precursor derived from conserved regions of Pina/Sina or Pinb/Sinb genes, respectively. Transgenic plants were obtained with high efficiency in two cultivars of wheat and one cultivar of triticale after using the Pinb-derived amiR vector for silencing of Pinb or Sinb, respectively. Lack of transgenic plants in wheat or very low transformation efficiency in triticale was observed using the Pina-derived amiR cassette, despite large numbers of embryos attempted. Silencing of Pinb in wheat and Sinb in triticale was highly efficient in the T1 generation. The transcript level of Pinb in wheat was reduced up to 92% and Sinb in triticale was reduced up to 98%. Moreover, intended silencing of Pinb/Sinb with Pinb-derived amiR cassette was highly correlated with simultaneous silencing of Pina/Sina in the same transgenic plants. High downregulation of Pinb/Pina genes in T1 plants of wheat and Sinb/Sina genes in T1 plants of triticale was associated with strong expression of Pinb-derived amiR. Silencing of the target genes correlated with increased grain hardness in both species. Total protein content in the grains of transgenic wheat was significantly lower. Although, the Pinb-derived amiR cassette was stably inherited in the T2 generation of wheat and triticale the silencing effect including strongly decreased expression of silenced genes as well as strong expression of Pinb-derived amiR was not transmitted. Advantages and disadvantages of posttranscriptional silencing of target genes by means of amiR and siRNA-based approaches in polyploid cereals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gasparis
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) – National Research InstituteBlonie, Poland
| | - Maciej Kała
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) – National Research InstituteBlonie, Poland
| | - Mateusz Przyborowski
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) – National Research InstituteBlonie, Poland
| | - Waclaw Orczyk
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) – National Research InstituteBlonie, Poland
| | - Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) – National Research InstituteBlonie, Poland
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Shevkani K, Singh N, Bajaj R, Kaur A. Wheat starch production, structure, functionality and applications-a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khetan Shevkani
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143005 India
- Centre for Applied Agriculture; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda 151001 India
| | - Narpinder Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143005 India
| | - Ritika Bajaj
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143005 India
| | - Amritpal Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Guru Nanak Dev University; Amritsar 143005 India
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Niknejad A, Webster D, Bhave M. Production of bioactive wheat puroindoline proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana using a virus-based transient expression system. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 125:43-52. [PMID: 26363114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic strains of bacteria has necessitated the development of novel antimicrobial agents. The puroindoline A and B (PINA and PINB) proteins of wheat, well-known for their roles in determining the important phenotype of grain texture, are also antimicrobial, making them attractive as natural bio-control agents. However, the biochemical basis of PIN functionality remains unclear due to limitations in expressing them at the required yield and purity and lack of accurate tertiary structure. This study focussed on rapid transient expression of PINs targeted to different subcellular compartments (chloroplast, apoplast, endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol) of Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells using the deconstructed tobacco mosaic virus-based 'magnICON®' system. The expressed recombinant PINs were characterised by Western blot using the Durotest anti-friabilin antibody, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and antimicrobial activity tests. Maximum yield of the His-tagged PINs occurred when targeted to the chloroplast. Both PINs exhibited oligomeric and monomeric forms on gels, but Western blots with the widely used Durotest anti-friabilin antibody identified only oligomeric forms. Only the PINs purified by a hydrophobic interaction method exhibited monomeric forms with the anti-His tag antibody, indicating correct folding. Interestingly, the Durotest antibody did not bind to monomers, suggesting their epitope may be obscured. PINs purified by His-tag affinity purification under native conditions or by the hydrophobic method exhibited antimicrobial activities. The successful in planta expression and optimisation of purification will enable future studies to examine the detailed structure of the PINs and explore novel bio-control applications in health, food and/or agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Niknejad
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diane Webster
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mrinal Bhave
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Rey MD, Calderón MC, Rodrigo MJ, Zacarías L, Alós E, Prieto P. Novel Bread Wheat Lines Enriched in Carotenoids Carrying Hordeum chilense Chromosome Arms in the ph1b Background. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134598. [PMID: 26241856 PMCID: PMC4524710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of crop wild relative species to improve major crops performance is well established. Hordeum chilense has a high potential as a genetic donor to increase the carotenoid content of wheat. Crosses between the 7HchH. chilense substitution lines in wheat and the wheat pairing homoeologous1b (ph1b) mutant allowed the development of wheat-H. chilense translocation lines for both 7Hchα and 7Hchβ chromosome arms in the wheat background. These translocation lines were characterized by in situ hybridization and using molecular markers. In addition, reverse phase chromatography (HPLC) analysis was carried out to evaluate the carotenoid content and both 7Hchα∙7AL and 7AS∙7Hchβ disomic translocation lines. The carotenoid content in 7Hchα∙7AL and 7AS∙7Hchβ disomic translocation lines was higher than the wheat-7Hch addition line and double amount of carotenoids than the wheat itself. A proteomic analysis confirmed that the presence of chromosome 7Hch introgressions in wheat scarcely altered the proteomic profile of the wheat flour. The Psy1 (Phytoene Synthase1) gene, which is the first committed step in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, was also cytogenetically mapped on the 7Hchα chromosome arm. These new wheat-H. chilense translocation lines can be used as a powerful tool in wheat breeding programs to enrich the diet in bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Dolores Rey
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María-Carmen Calderón
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodrigo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Alós
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Vegetal, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado, Córdoba, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Collado-Romero M, Alós E, Prieto P. Effect of 7H(ch) Hordeum chilense chromosome introgressions on the wheat endosperm proteomic profile. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3793-3802. [PMID: 25824108 DOI: 10.1021/jf5055672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hordeum chilense is an excellent genetic resource for wheat breeding due to its potential to improve breadmaking quality and nutritional value and provide resistance to some biotic and abiotic stresses. Hexaploid wheat lines carrying chromosome 7H(ch) introgressions, namely, chromosome additions of the whole chromosome 7H(ch) or the 7H(ch)α or the 7H(ch)β chromosome arms, and chromosome substitutions of the homeologous chromosomes 7A, 7B, or 7D by chromosome 7H(ch) were compared by 2D-PAGE analysis to study the effect of these alien introgressions on the wheat endosperm proteome. The addition of the 7H(ch)α chromosome arm did not alter the profile of most glutenins and gliadins, but showed higher quantities of puroindolines and lower xylanase inhibitors, which might improve also resistance to plant pathogens. On the other hand, (7A)7H(ch) or (7D)7H(ch) substitution lines showed enhanced avenin-like b proteins and triticin levels but reduced puroindolines, which could be desirable to improve dough properties and nutritional value and increase kernel hardness in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Collado-Romero
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 4084, E-14080 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Alós
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 4084, E-14080 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 4084, E-14080 Córdoba, Spain
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Qamar ZU, Bansal UK, Dong CM, Alfred RL, Bhave M, Bariana HS. Detection of puroindoline (Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1) allelic variation in wheat landraces. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Alfred RL, Palombo EA, Panozzo JF, Bhave M. The co-operative interaction of puroindolines in wheat grain texture may involve the hydrophobic domain. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Gasparis S, Orczyk W, Nadolska-Orczyk A. Sina and Sinb genes in triticale do not determine grain hardness contrary to their orthologs Pina and Pinb in wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:190. [PMID: 24279512 PMCID: PMC4222565 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secaloindoline a (Sina) and secaloindoline b (Sinb) genes of hexaploid triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) are orthologs of puroindoline a (Pina) and puroindoline b (Pinb) in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It has already been proven that RNA interference (RNAi)-based silencing of Pina and Pinb genes significantly decreased the puroindoline a and puroindoline b proteins in wheat and essentially increased grain hardness (J Exp Bot 62:4025-4036, 2011). The function of Sina and Sinb in triticale was tested by means of RNAi silencing and compared to wheat. RESULTS Novel Sina and Sinb alleles in wild-type plants of cv. Wanad were identified and their expression profiles characterized. Alignment with wheat Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1a alleles showed 95% and 93.3% homology with Sina and Sinb coding sequences. Twenty transgenic lines transformed with two hpRNA silencing cassettes directed to silence Sina or Sinb were obtained by the Agrobacterium-mediated method. A significant decrease of expression of both Sin genes in segregating progeny of tested T1 lines was observed independent of the silencing cassette used. The silencing was transmitted to the T4 kernel generation. The relative transcript level was reduced by up to 99% in T3 progeny with the mean for the sublines being around 90%. Silencing of the Sin genes resulted in a substantial decrease of secaloindoline a and secaloindoline b content. The identity of SIN peptides was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The hardness index, measured by the SKCS (Single Kernel Characterization System) method, ranged from 22 to 56 in silent lines and from 37 to 49 in the control, and the mean values were insignificantly lower in the silent ones, proving increased softness. Additionally, the mean total seed protein content of silenced lines was about 6% lower compared with control lines. Correlation coefficients between hardness and transcript level were weakly positive. CONCLUSIONS We documented that RNAi-based silencing of Sin genes resulted in significant decrease of their transcripts and the level of both secaloindoline proteins, however did not affect grain hardness. The unexpected, functional differences of Sin genes from triticale compared with their orthologs, Pin of wheat, are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Agrobacterium/metabolism
- Alleles
- Crosses, Genetic
- Edible Grain/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Gene Silencing
- Genes, Plant/genetics
- Hardness
- Indoles/metabolism
- Plant Proteins/chemistry
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Quantitative Trait, Heritable
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Seeds/chemistry
- Seeds/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Transformation, Genetic
- Triticum/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gasparis
- Department of Functional Genetics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
| | - Waclaw Orczyk
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
| | - Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
- Department of Functional Genetics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
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Haney EF, Petersen AP, Lau CK, Jing W, Storey DG, Vogel HJ. Mechanism of action of puroindoline derived tryptophan-rich antimicrobial peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:1802-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Obukhova LV, Efremova TT, Shumny VK. Characterization of puroindolines in the control of endosperm texture in common wheat lines with substitutions of homeologous group-5 chromosomes. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795412120071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Osipova SV, Permyakova MD, Permyakov AV. Role of non-prolamin proteins and low molecular weight redox agents in protein folding and polymerization in wheat grains and influence on baking quality parameters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:12065-12073. [PMID: 23170897 DOI: 10.1021/jf303513m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The various enzyme systems and low molecular weight (LMW) redox agents are related to the folding and polymerization of prolamins in the ripening wheat grains and the formation of baking quality. Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) and cyclophylins accelerate "correct" folding of prolamins, which is most likely necessary for the subsequent formation of the macromolecular structure of the gluten protein matrix. PDIs are also involved in the polymerization of prolamins, catalyzing the oxidation of protein sulfhydryl groups. Molecular chaperone binding BiP protein facilitates folding of prolamins, with its role increasing in the stressful conditions. Reducing systems of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin, LMW redox pairs GSH/GSSG and Asc/DHAsc, thiol oxidases, and lipoxygenases (LOXs) regulate redox balance and the rate of polymerization of prolamins at the different stages of grain ripening. Additionally, LOX is probably involved in the protein-starch-lipid interactions between the starch granule and the protein matrix, mediated by puroindolines, determining the formation of grain texture. It is assumed that the high variability of baking quality in different environmental conditions is due to the interaction of labile enzyme systems with the storage proteins in the developing wheat caryopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Osipova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry Sb RAS, Irkutsk, Russia.
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Gasparis S, Orczyk W, Zalewski W, Nadolska-Orczyk A. The RNA-mediated silencing of one of the Pin genes in allohexaploid wheat simultaneously decreases the expression of the other, and increases grain hardness. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:4025-36. [PMID: 21504879 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The RNAi-mediated silencing of Pina and Pinb, the two genes responsible for the grain texture of allohexaploid wheat, was induced and analysed in two wheat cultivars, Kontesa and Torka. A characterization of the two genes in non-transgenic plants revealed that Pinb carries a point mutation, designated Pinb-D1c in both cultivars. This mutation does not influence transcript abundance or protein content. Two silencing cassettes of the hpRNA type were constructed and used for stable transformation via Agrobacterium. In total, 43 transgenic lines representing the two cultivars were obtained, transformed with the silencing cassettes for Pina or for Pinb or co-transformed with both cassettes. The relative transcript levels of the two genes in the same progeny plant were found to be similar, independent of the silencing cassette used. The reduction in the Pina and Pinb transcript levels in the segregating T(1) progeny of Kontesa and Torka transformed with one of the silencing cassettes exceeded 80%. Co-transformation with the silencing cassettes for both genes resulted in a reduction of over 91% of Pina and Pinb transcripts in some segregating T(1) progeny of Kontesa. The silencing was transmitted to the T(4) kernel generation of the T(3) lines. A significant reduction or lack of both puroindoline proteins in the silenced lines correlated with an essential increase in grain hardness. The discussion covers some new insights into the function of the Pin genes, including the simultaneous silencing of both, independent of the siRNA signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gasparis
- Plant Transformation and Cell Engineering Department, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland
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