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Gillon A, Abdelrahman O, Abou‐Mansour E, L'Haridon F, Falquet L, Allard P, Weisskopf L. Comparative genomic and metabolomic study of three Streptomyces sp. differing in biological activity. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1389. [PMID: 38129981 PMCID: PMC10616362 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Streptomyces genus is known to produce many specialized metabolites of value for medicine, but the potential of these metabolites in agronomy remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated three phylogenetically closely related Streptomyces strains (B5, B91, and B135) isolated from three distinct soil samples in Sudan. Despite belonging to the same species, these strains exhibited different ranges of Phytophthora infestans inhibition. The objective of this work was to identify the active compound(s) responsible for the inhibition of P. infestans and of other plant pathogens by comparing the genomes and metabolomes of the three strains which showed distinct activity patterns: B5 was the strongest inhibitor of oomycetes, B5 and B91 both inhibited most fungi and B135 was the only strain showing antibacterial activity. Our comparative genomic and metabolomic analysis identified borrelidin as the bioactive compound underlying B5's strong anti-oomycete activity and highlighted a few other metabolites as putative candidates underlying the strains' antifungal and antibacterial activities. This study illustrates the power of comparative genomics and metabolomics on phylogenetically closely related strains of differing activities to highlight bioactive compounds that could contribute to new sustainable crop protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Gillon
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Ola Abdelrahman
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
- Department of BotanyUniversity of KhartoumKhartoumSudan
| | | | | | - Laurent Falquet
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
- Genes and genomesSwiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Laure Weisskopf
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
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Preedalikit W, Chittasupho C, Leelapornpisid P, Potprommanee S, Kiattisin K. Comparison of Biological Activities and Protective Effects on PAH-Induced Oxidative Damage of Different Coffee Cherry Pulp Extracts. Foods 2023; 12:4292. [PMID: 38231740 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the main toxic components of ambient air particulate matter (PM), causing oxidative damage to the skin and ultimately resulting in skin aging. This study was conducted to determine the anti-oxidant, anti-aging properties and protective effects of the extracts of coffee cherry pulp (Coffea arabica L.), which is a by-product of the coffee industry, against the oxidative damage induced by PAH exposure in human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT). Three different techniques were used to extract the coffee cherry pulp: maceration, Soxhlet and ultrasonication to obtain CCM, CCS and CCU extract, respectively, which were then compared to investigate the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The chemical compositions were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results demonstrated that Soxhlet could extract the highest content of chlorogenic acid, caffeine and theophylline. CCS showed the significantly highest TPC (324.6 ± 1.2 mg GAE/g extract), TFC (296.8 ± 1.2 mg QE/g extract), anti-radical activity against DPPH free radicals (98.2 ± 0.8 µM Trolox/g extract) and lipid peroxidation inhibition (136.6 ± 6.2 µM Trolox/g extract). CCS also showed the strongest anti-aging effects based on collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase and tyrosinase inhibitory enzymes. In addition, CCS can protect human keratinocyte cells from PAH toxicity by increasing the cellular anti-oxidant capacity. This study suggests that CCS has the potential to be used as a cosmetic material that helps alleviate skin damage caused by air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weeraya Preedalikit
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Cosmetic Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Chuda Chittasupho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | | | - Kanokwan Kiattisin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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3
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Logesh R, Prasad SR, Chipurupalli S, Robinson N, Mohankumar SK. Natural tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors: A path from melanin to melanoma and its reported pharmacological activities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188968. [PMID: 37657683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The skin containing melanin pigment acts as a protective barrier and counteracts the UVR and other environmental stressors to maintain or restore disrupted cutaneous homeostasis. The production of melanin pigment is dependent on tyrosine levels. L-tyrosine and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) can serve both as a substrates and intermediates of melanin synthetic pathway and as inducers and positive regulators of melanogenesis. The biosynthesis of melanin is stimulated upon exposure to UVR, which can also stimulate local production of hormonal factors, which can stimulate melanoma development by altering the chemical properties of eu- and pheomelanin. The process of melanogenesis can be altered by several pathways. One involves activation of POMC, with the production of POMC peptides including MSH and ACTH, which increase intracellular cAMP levels, which activates the MITF, and helps to stimulate tyrosinase (TYR) expression and activity. Defects in OCA1 to 4 affects melanogenic activity via posttranslational modifications resulting in proteasomal degradation and reducing pigmentation. Further, altering, the MITF factor, helps to regulate the expression of MRGE in melanoma, and helps to increase the TYR glycosylation in ER. CRH stimulates POMC peptides that regulate melanogenesis and also by itself can stimulate melanogenesis. The POMC, P53, ACTH, MSH, MC1R, MITF, and 6-BH4 are found to be important regulators for pigmentation. Melanogenesis can affect melanoma behaviour and inhibit immune responses. Therefore, we reviewed natural products that would alter melanin production. Our special focus was on targeting melanin synthesis and TYR enzyme activity to inhibit melanogenesis as an adjuvant therapy of melanotic melanoma. Furthermore, this review also outlines the current updated pharmacological studies targeting the TYR enzyme from natural sources and its consequential effects on melanin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Logesh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sagar Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Varadaraja Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Tumkur 572102, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandhya Chipurupalli
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Cellular Stress and Immune Response Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Suresh Kumar Mohankumar
- Pharmacy, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea University, Wales SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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Protection against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endotoxemia by Terrein Is Mediated by Blocking Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-6 Production. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111429. [PMID: 36422559 PMCID: PMC9693353 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrein is a fungal metabolite and has been known to exert anti-melanogenesis, anti-cancer, and anti-bacterial activities. However, its role in endotoxemia has never been investigated until now. In the present study, we examined the effect of terrein on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia in mice and characterized the potential mechanisms of action. Treatment with terrein increased the survival of mice and decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in an LPS-induced endotoxemia model. In addition, terrein suppressed the LPS-induced production of IL-1β and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage-like cell line, and the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 was also inhibited by terrein in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Further study demonstrated that terrein blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of p65 subunit of nuclear factor (NF)/κB and the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was also suppressed by terrein treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that terrein exerts a protective effect again LPS-induced endotoxemia in mice by blocking the production of inflammatory cytokines. Our results also suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of terrein might be mediated, at least in part, by blocking the activation of NF-κB, JNK, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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The Combination of Niacinamide, Vitamin C, and PDRN Mitigates Melanogenesis by Modulating Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154923. [PMID: 35956878 PMCID: PMC9370691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) is involved in decreasing melanogenesis through tyrosinase degradation induced by cellular redox changes. Nicotinamide is a component of coenzymes, such as NAD+, NADH, NADP+, and NADPH, and its levels are modulated by NNT. Vitamin C and polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) are also known to decrease skin pigmentation. We evaluated whether a mixture of nicotinamide, vitamin C, and PDRN (NVP-mix) decreased melanogenesis by modulating mitochondrial oxidative stress and NNT expression in UV-B-irradiated animals and in an in vitro model of melanocytes treated with conditioned media (CM) from UV-B-irradiated keratinocytes. The expression of NNT, GSH/GSSG, and NADPH/NADP+ in UV-B-irradiated animal skin was significantly decreased by UV-B radiation but increased by NVP-mix treatment. The expression of NNT, GSH/GSSG, and NADPH/NADP+ ratios decreased in melanocytes after CM treatment, although they increased after NVP-mix administration. In NNT-silenced melanocytes, the GSH/GSSG and NADPH/NADP+ ratios were further decreased by CM compared with normal melanocytes. NVP-mix decreased melanogenesis signals, such as MC1R, MITF, TYRP1, and TYRP2, and decreased melanosome transfer-related signals, such as RAB32 and RAB27A, in UV-B-irradiated animal skin. NVP-mix also decreased MC1R, MITF, TYRP1, TYRP2, RAB32, and RAB27A in melanocytes treated with CM from UV-irradiated keratinocytes. The expression of MC1R and MITF in melanocytes after CM treatment was unchanged by NNT silencing. However, the expression of TYRP1, TYRP2, RAB32, and RAB27A increased in NNT-silenced melanocytes after CM treatment. NVP-mix also decreased tyrosinase activity and melanin content in UV-B-irradiated animal skin and CM-treated melanocytes. In conclusion, NVP-mix decreased mitochondrial oxidative stress by increasing NNT expression and decreased melanogenesis by decreasing MC1R/MITF, tyrosinase, TYRP1, and TYRP2.
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Enhanced production of terrein in marine-derived Aspergillus terreus by refactoring both global and pathway-specific transcription factors. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:136. [PMID: 35794562 PMCID: PMC9258105 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Terrein, a major secondary metabolite from Aspergillus terreus, shows great potentials in biomedical and agricultural applications. However, the low fermentation yield of terrein in wild A. terreus strains limits its industrial applications. Results Here, we constructed a cell factory based on the marine-derived A. terreus RA2905, allowing for overproducing terrein by using starch as the sole carbon source. Firstly, the pathway-specific transcription factor TerR was over-expressed under the control of a constitutive gpdA promoter of A. nidulans, resulting in 5 to 16 folds up-regulation in terR transcripts compared to WT. As expected, the titer of terrein was improved in the two tested terR OE mutants when compared to WT. Secondly, the global regulator gene stuA, which was demonstrated to suppress the terrein synthesis in our analysis, was deleted, leading to greatly enhanced production of terrein. In addition, LS-MS/MS analysis showed that deletion of StuA cause decreased synthesis of the major byproduct butyrolactones. To achieve an optimal strain, we further refactored the genetic circuit by combining deletion of stuA and overexpression of terR, a higher terrein yield was achieved with a lower background of byproducts in double mutants. In addition, it was also found that loss of StuA (both ΔstuA and ΔstuA::OEterR) resulted in aconidial morphologies, but a slightly faster growth rate than that of WT. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that refactoring both global and pathway-specific transcription factors (StuA and TerR) provides a high-efficient strategy to enhance terrein production, which could be adopted for large-scale production of terrein or other secondary metabolites in marine-derived filamentous fungi. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01859-5.
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Amorphigenin from Amorpha fruticosa L. Root Extract Induces Autophagy-Mediated Melanosome Degradation in mTOR-Independent- and AMPK-Dependent Manner. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2856-2867. [PMID: 35877420 PMCID: PMC9318381 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the depigmentation effect of Amorpha fruticosa L. root extract (RE), an herbal medicine. A. fruticosa RE significantly induced depigmentation in α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells at noncytotoxic concentrations. Further, the RE decreased the protein levels of the melanosomal proteins Tyr and Pmel without decreasing their transcript levels. We found that MG132, a proteasome complex inhibitor, was unable to rescue the protein levels, but PepA/E-64D (a lysosomal enzyme inhibitor), 3-MA (a representative autophagy inhibitor), and ATG5 knockdown effectively rescued the protein levels and inhibited the depigmentation effect following RE treatment. Among rotenoids, amorphigenin composed in the RE was identified as a functional chemical that could induce depigmentation; whereas rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor and a nonselective autophagy inducer, could not induce depigmentation, and amorphigenin effectively induced depigmentation through the degradation of melanosomal proteins. Amorphigenin activated AMPK without affecting mTOR, and knockdown of AMPK offset the whitening effect through degradation of melanosome proteins by amorphigenin. Results from this study suggested that amorphigenin can induce degradation of the melanosome through an AMPK-dependent autophagy process, and has the potential to be used as a depigmentation agent for the treatment of hyperpigmentation.
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She Q, Dong Y, Li D, An R, Zhou T, Nie X, Pan R, Deng Y. ABCB6 knockdown suppresses melanogenesis through the GSK3-β/β-catenin signaling axis in human melanoma and melanocyte cell lines. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 106:101-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Huang D, Yang J, Li C, Hui Y, Chen W. Recent Advances in Isolation, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Terrein. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100594. [PMID: 34704347 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Terrein is a small-molecule polyketide compound with a simple structure mainly isolated from fungi. Since its discovery in 1935, many scholars have conducted a series of research on its structure identification, isolation source, production increase, synthesis and biological activity. Studies have shown that terrein has a variety of biological activities, not only can inhibit melanin production and epidermal hyperplasia, but also has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiopoietic secretion, antibacterial, insecticidal activities, and so on. It has potential application prospects in beauty, medicine, agriculture and other fields. This article reviews the process of structural identification of terrein since 1935, and summarizes the latest advances in its isolation, source, production increase, synthesis, and biological activity evaluation, with a view to providing a reference and helping for the in-depth research of terrein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resources Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158 Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Jianni Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resources Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158 Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resources Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158 Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Hui
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resources Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158 Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resources Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158 Hainan, P. R. China
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Trebino MA, Shingare RD, MacMillan JB, Yildiz FH. Strategies and Approaches for Discovery of Small Molecule Disruptors of Biofilm Physiology. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154582. [PMID: 34361735 PMCID: PMC8348372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms, the predominant growth mode of microorganisms, pose a significant risk to human health. The protective biofilm matrix, typically composed of exopolysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, combined with biofilm-grown bacteria’s heterogenous physiology, leads to enhanced fitness and tolerance to traditional methods for treatment. There is a need to identify biofilm inhibitors using diverse approaches and targeting different stages of biofilm formation. This review discusses discovery strategies that successfully identified a wide range of inhibitors and the processes used to characterize their inhibition mechanism and further improvement. Additionally, we examine the structure–activity relationship (SAR) for some of these inhibitors to optimize inhibitor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Trebino
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
| | - Rahul D. Shingare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
| | - John B. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.B.M.); (F.H.Y.)
| | - Fitnat H. Yildiz
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.B.M.); (F.H.Y.)
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Kahlert L, Bernardi D, Hauser M, Ióca LP, Berlinck RGS, Skellam EJ, Cox RJ. Early Oxidative Transformations During the Biosynthesis of Terrein and Related Natural Products. Chemistry 2021; 27:11895-11903. [PMID: 34114710 PMCID: PMC8453496 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxin terrein is derived from the C10‐precursor 6‐hydroxymellein (6‐HM) via an oxidative ring contraction. Although the corresponding biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) has been identified, details of the enzymatic oxidative transformations are lacking. Combining heterologous expression and in vitro studies we show that the flavin‐dependent monooxygenase (FMO) TerC catalyzes the initial oxidative decarboxylation of 6‐HM. The reactive intermediate is further hydroxylated by the second FMO TerD to yield a highly oxygenated aromatic species, but further reconstitution of the pathway was hampered. A related BGC was identified in the marine‐derived Roussoella sp. DLM33 and confirmed by heterologous expression. These studies demonstrate that the biosynthetic pathways of terrein and related (polychlorinated) congeners diverge after oxidative decarboxylation of the lactone precursor that is catalyzed by a conserved FMO and further indicate that early dehydration of the side chain is an essential step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kahlert
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZ, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Darlon Bernardi
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZ, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maurice Hauser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZ, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura P Ióca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, CEP, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth J Skellam
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZ, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Chemistry & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle 305220, Denton, Texas, 76203, USA
| | - Russell J Cox
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZ, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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Mohamed AF, Abuamara TMM, Amer ME, Ei-Moselhy LE, Gomah TA, Matar ER, Shebl RI, Desouky SE, Abu-Elghait M. Genetic and Histopathological Alterations in Caco-2 and HuH-7 Cells Treated with Secondary Metabolites of Marine fungi. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 53:480-495. [PMID: 33974218 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to study the activity of naturally derived fungal secondary metabolites as anticancer agents concerning their cytotoxicity, apoptotic, genetic, and histopathological profile. It was noticed that Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigatus induced variable toxic potential that was cell type, secondary metabolite type, and concentration dependent. Human colonic adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) showed less sensitivity than hepatocyte-derived cellular carcinoma cells (HuH-7), and in turn, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was variable. Also, the apoptotic potential of Aspergillus species-derived fungal secondary metabolites was proven via detection of up-regulated pro-apoptotic genes and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes. The expression level was cell type dependent. Concurrently, apoptotic profile was accompanied with cellular DNA accumulation at the G2/M phase, as well as an elevation in Pre-G1 phase but not during G0/G1 and S phases. Also, there were characteristic apoptotic features of treated cells presented as abnormal intra-nuclear eosinophilic structures, dead cells with mixed euchromatin and heterochromatin, ruptured cell membranes, apoptotic cells with irregular cellular and nuclear membranes, as well as peripheral chromatin condensation. It can be concluded that Aspergillus secondary metabolites are promising agents that can be used as supplementary agents to the currently applied anti-cancer drug regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Fahmy Mohamed
- The International center for training and advanced researches (ICTAR -Egypt), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer M M Abuamara
- Histology department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Amer
- Histology department, Faculty of medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Laila E Ei-Moselhy
- Histology department, Faculty of medicine (girls), Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | | | - Emadeldin R Matar
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania Ibrahim Shebl
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Said E Desouky
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar Uniersity, 11847, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abu-Elghait
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar Uniersity, 11847, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Buachan P, Namsa-Aid M, Sung HK, Peng C, Sweeney G, Tanechpongtamb W. Inhibitory effects of terrein on lung cancer cell metastasis and angiogenesis. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:94. [PMID: 33846818 PMCID: PMC8047749 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in cancer patients. Over 70% of lung cancer patients are diagnosed at advanced or metastatic stages, and this results in an increased incidence of mortality. Terrein is a secondary bioactive fungal metabolite isolated from Aspergillus terreus. Numerous studies have demonstrated that terrein has anticancer properties, but in the present study, the cellular mechanisms underlying the inhibition of lung cancer cell metastasis by terrein was investigated for the first time. Using MTT assays, the cytotoxic effects of terrein were first examined in human lung cancer cells (A549 cells) and then compared with its cytotoxic effects in three noncancer control cell lines (Vero kidney, L6 skeletal muscle and H9C2 cardiomyoblast cells). The results indicated that terrein significantly reduced the viability of all these cells but exhibited a different level of toxicity in each cell type; these results revealed a specific concentration range in which the effect of terrein was specific to A549 cells. This significant cytotoxic effect of terrein in A549 cells was verified using LDH assays. It was then demonstrated that terrein attenuated the proliferation of A549 cells using IncuCyte image analysis. Regarding its antimetastatic effects, terrein significantly inhibited A549 cell adhesion, migration and invasion. In addition, terrein suppressed the angiogenic processes of A549 cells, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, capillary-like tube formation and VEGF/VEGFR2 interaction. These phenomena were accompanied by reduced protein levels of integrins, FAK, and their downstream mediators (e.g., PI3K, AKT, mTORC1 and P70S6K). All these data indicated that terrein was able to inhibit all the major metastatic processes in human lung cancer cells, which is crucial for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiwan Buachan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Maneekarn Namsa-Aid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Hye Kyoung Sung
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Chun Peng
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Wanlaya Tanechpongtamb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
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14
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Abstract
Melanogenesis is a highly regulated process through which the pigment melanin is produced in skin cells. Irregularities in the molecular events that govern the process of skin pigmentation can cause disorders like vitiligo. In order to understand the biology of disease progression, it is important to have an in depth understanding of intracellular events. Mathematical models provide an integrated view of intracellular signalling. There are very few models to date that incorporate intracellular processes relevant to melanogenesis and only one to our knowledge that simulates the dynamics of response to varying levels of input. Here, we report the formulation of the largest Boolean model (265 nodes) for melanogenesis to date. The model was built on the basis of a detailed interaction network graph published by Raghunath et al. Through additional manual curation of the reported interactions, we converted the graph into a set of Boolean rules, following the procedure of the first Boolean model (62 nodes) for melanogenesis published by Lee et al. Simulations show that the predicted response to varying UV levels for most of the nodes is similar to the predictions of the existing model. The greater complexity allows investigation of the sensitivity of melanin to additional nodes. We carried out perturbation analysis of the network through node deletion and constitutive activation to identify sensitivity of outcomes, and compared the nodes identified as sensitive to previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dnyane
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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15
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Jiang YY, Yuan FL, Li JW, Wu HE, Wei MY, Shao CL, Liu M, Wang GH. Targeting Delivery Nanocarriers for (+)-Terrein to Enhance Its Anticancer Effects. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28889-28896. [PMID: 33195942 PMCID: PMC7659136 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a compound from marine fungi, (+)-terrein showed significant anticancer activity. In this study, (+)-terrein was extracted from the marine-derived fungus and showed significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells, especially in A549 cells. To enhance its anticancer effects, redox-responsive nanocarriers based on folic acid-chitosan decorating the mesoporous silica nanoparticles were designed to control (+)-terrein target delivery into cancer cells. (+)-Terrein was loaded in the holes, and folic acid-chitosan worked as a gatekeeper by disulfide linkage controlling (+)-terrein release in the tumor microenvironment. The (+)-terrein drug delivery systems exhibited cytotoxicity toward A549 cells through induction of apoptosis. The apoptosis effect was confirmed by the increase in the expression of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP. Taken together, this work evaluates for the first time the (+)-terrein delivery system and provides a promising nanomedicine platform for (+)-terrein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Jiang
- School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University
of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Feng-Li Yuan
- School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University
of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jin-Wen Li
- School
of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hong-E Wu
- School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University
of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mei-Yan Wei
- School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University
of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University
of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory
for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for
Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ming Liu
- School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University
of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory
for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for
Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guan-Hai Wang
- School
of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- State
Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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16
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Shi Y, Liu J, Zhao Y, Cao J, Li Y, Guo F. Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4: A Druggable Target. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1517-1536. [PMID: 31215391 DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666190618113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) belongs to the bromodomain and extraterminal family. BRD4 inhibitors can regulate acetylated lysine and form protein complexes that initiate transcriptional programs as an epigenetic regulator of the histone code. BRD4 was initially considered to be one of the most promising targets for combating malignant tumors. However, many recent studies have shown that BRD4 plays a crucial role in various kinds of diseases, including cancer, coronary heart disease, neurological disorder, and obesity. Currently, several BRD4 inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials. A search for new BRD4 inhibitors appears to be of great utility for developing novel drugs. In this mini-review, we highlight the inhibitors of BRD4 from natural products and synthesized sources, as well as their applications in cancer, glucolipid metabolism, inflammation, neuronal stimulation activation, human immunodeficiency virus and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiaoxian Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fujiang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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17
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Qian W, Liu W, Zhu D, Cao Y, Tang A, Gong G, Su H. Natural skin-whitening compounds for the treatment of melanogenesis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:173-185. [PMID: 32509007 PMCID: PMC7271691 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is the process for the production of melanin, which is the primary cause of human skin pigmentation. Skin-whitening agents are commercially available for those who wish to have a lighter skin complexions. To date, although numerous natural compounds have been proposed to alleviate hyperpigmentation, insufficient attention has been focused on potential natural skin-whitening agents and their mechanism of action from the perspective of compound classification. In the present article, the synthetic process of melanogenesis and associated core signaling pathways are summarized. An overview of the list of natural skin-lightening agents, along with their compound classifications, is also presented, where their efficacy based on their respective mechanisms of action on melanogenesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Wenya Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Anfu Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Gong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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18
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Hu M, Chen C, Liu J, Cai L, Shao J, Chen Z, Lin L, Zheng T, Ding X, Li Z. The melanogenic effects and underlying mechanism of paeoniflorin in human melanocytes and vitiligo mice. Fitoterapia 2020; 140:104416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Asfour HZ, Awan ZA, Bagalagel AA, Elfaky MA, Abdelhameed RFA, Elhady SS. Large-Scale Production of Bioactive Terrein by Aspergillus terreus Strain S020 Isolated from the Saudi Coast of the Red Sea. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090480. [PMID: 31547354 PMCID: PMC6769563 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity of symbiotic fungi derived from two marine sponges and sediment collected off Obhur, Jeddah (Saudi Arabia), was investigated in the current study. A total of 23 isolates were purified using a culture-dependent approach. Using the morphological properties combined with internal transcribed spacer-rDNA (ITS-rDNA) sequences, 23 fungal strains (in the majority Penicillium and Aspergillus) were identified from these samples. The biological screening (cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities) of small-scale cultures of these fungi yielded several target fungal strains which produced bioactive secondary metabolites. Amongst these isolates, the crude extract of Aspergillus terreus strain S020, which was cultured in fermentation static broth, 21 L, for 40 days at room temperature on potato dextrose broth, displayed strong antimicrobial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and significant antiproliferative effects on human carcinoma cells. Chromatographic separation of the crude extract by silica gel column chromatography indicated that the S020 isolate could produce a series of chemical compounds. Among these, pure crystalline terrein was separated with a high yield of 537.26 ± 23.42 g/kg extract, which represents the highest fermentation production of terrein to date. Its chemical structure was elucidated on the basis of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) or high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with reported data. The compound showed strong cytotoxic activity against colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2), with IC50 values of 12.13 and 22.53 µM, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of A. terreus strain S020 for the industrial production of bioactive terrein on a large scale and the importance of future investigations of these strains to identify the bioactive leads in these fungal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Z Asfour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zuhier A Awan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alaa A Bagalagel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud A Elfaky
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reda F A Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Sameh S Elhady
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt.
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20
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Ferguson R, Subramanian V. The secretion of the angiogenic and neurotrophic factor angiogenin is COPII and microtubule dependent. Exp Cell Res 2019; 381:265-279. [PMID: 31128105 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The RNaseA superfamily member Angiogenin (ANG) is a secreted protein involved in neovascularization, cell proliferation and stress response. Dysregulation of ANG expression is found in many cancers with poor prognosis and mutations in ANG are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. While the uptake and nuclear translocation of ANG is relatively well characterised, little is known about how it reaches the plasma membrane and its mode of secretion. We generated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines constitutively expressing wild type (WT) Hemagglutinin (HA) epitope tagged mouse Ang1 (mAng1), and two amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated ANG variants (C39W and K40I). Herein, we show that these cell lines secrete mAng1 into the culture media. Using small molecule inhibitors we probed the route taken between the endoplasmic reticulum and trans-Golgi network during secretion and have characterised it as COPII and microtubule dependent. In addition, we show that disruption by the PI3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin of the later stages of transit to the plasma membrane leads to mAng1 trafficking to lysosomal compartments. This suggests an autophagy dependent regulation of secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Ferguson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Vasanta Subramanian
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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21
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Modulation of Diacylglycerol-Induced Melanogenesis in Human Melanoma and Primary Melanocytes: Role of Stress Chaperone Mortalin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9848969. [PMID: 31097976 PMCID: PMC6487102 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9848969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Skin color/pigmentation is regulated through melanogenesis process in specialized melanin-producing cells, melanocytes, involving multiple signaling pathways. It is highly influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as oxidative, ultraviolet radiations and other environmental stress conditions. Besides determining the color, it governs response and tolerance of skin to a variety of environmental stresses and pathological conditions including photodamage, hyperpigmentation, and skin cancer. Depigmenting reagents have been deemed useful not only for cosmetics but also for pigmentation-related pathologies. In the present study, we attempted modulation of 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol- (OAG-) induced melanogenesis in human melanoma and primary melanocytes. In both cell types, OAG-induced melanogenesis was associated with increase in enhanced expression of melanin, tyrosinase, as well as stress chaperones (mortalin and HSP60) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Treatment with TXC (trans-4-(Aminomethyl) cyclohexanecarboxylic acid hexadecyl ester hydrochloride) and 5/40 natural compounds resulted in their reduction. The data proposed an important role of mortalin and oxidative stress in skin pigmentation and the use of TXC and natural extracts for modulation of pigmentation pathways in normal and pathological conditions.
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22
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Ha JH, Park SN. Dimeric cinnamoylamide analogues for regulation of tyrosinase activity in melanoma cells: A role of diamide-link chain length. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:6015-6022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Yamamoto S, Omori K, Mandai H, Nakayama M, Nakagawa S, Kobayashi H, Kunimine T, Yoshimura H, Sakaida K, Sako H, Ibaragi S, Yamamoto T, Maeda H, Suga S, Takashiba S. Fungal metabolite (+)-terrein suppresses IL-6/sIL-6R-induced CSF1 secretion by inhibiting JAK1 phosphorylation in human gingival fibroblasts. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00979. [PMID: 30519664 PMCID: PMC6260243 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of bacterial infection-induced inflammatory responses is one of the effective therapeutic approaches of periodontal diseases. Natural products such as lipid mediators and metabolites from microorganisms have been used for decreasing inflammation. We previously reported that (+)-terrein inhibited activation of STAT3 and ERK1/2 in interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling cascade, leading to prevent vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). However, little is still known about the role of (+)-terrein on inflammatory responses. In this study, we provided the possibility of novel action that (+)-terrein inhibits activation of Janus-activated kinase 1 (JAK1), which has a central function in IL-6 signaling cascade, and alters expression of mRNAs and proteins induced by IL-6/soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) stimulation in HGFs. First, we performed PCR array to examine IL-6/sIL-6R-induced mRNA expression, and then expression of mRNA and protein of colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF1) and VEGF were clearly determined by quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Treatment with (+)-terrein suppressed expression of mRNA and protein of CSF1 and VEGF by IL-6/sIL-6R stimulation. Next, to test the effect of (+)-terrein on IL-6/sIL-6R signaling cascade, we demonstrated whether (+)-terrein affects phosphorylation of JAK1 and its downstream proteins, Akt and SHP-2. Western blotting revealed that (+)-terrein inhibited IL-6/sIL-6R-induced phosphorylation of JAK1, Akt, and SHP-2. Therefore, (+)-terrein suppresses IL-6/sIL-6R-induced expression of CSF1 and VEGF via inhibition of JAK1, Akt, and SHP-2. Based on our results, we suggest that (+)-terrein is a candidate compound for anti-inflammatory effect associated with IL-6 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Omori
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hiroki Mandai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakayama
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Saki Nakagawa
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kunimine
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshimura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Sakaida
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Sako
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ibaragi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Department of Endodontics, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, 540-0008, Japan
| | - Seiji Suga
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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24
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Ding X, Mei E, Hu M, Zhou C, Li X, Cai L, Li Z. Effect of puerarin on melanogenesis in human melanocytes and vitiligo mouse models and the underlying mechanism. Phytother Res 2018; 33:205-213. [PMID: 30421463 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Puerarin is the major bioactive ingredient derived from the root of the Pueraria lobata (Willd.), and its antioxidative stress effects have been demonstrated in several previous studies. Moreover, Puerarin can upregulate melanin synthesis and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) transcription by increasing cAMP level of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Vitiligo is an acquired cutaneous disorder of pigmentation, and the pathogenesis has remained elusive. Current treatment modalities are directed towards achieving repigmentation. In this study, we found that after treating with puerarin at various concentrations of 40 μmol/L, the melanin content of human melanocytes increased significantly and the apparent level of protein and the RNA levels of MITF, tyrosinase (TYR), and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) were also increased. Further, puerarin was shown to inhibit phosphorylation and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) without significantly affecting p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. These results demonstrated that puerarin stimulated melanogenesis in human melanocytes via inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling pathways, which leads to upregulation of MITF and TYR as well as TRP-1 subsequently. Additionally, mice vitiligo models with puerarin treatment showed lighter pathological changes. Therefore, we suggested that puerarin might be a potential medicine for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Ding
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Enci Mei
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Murong Hu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhou
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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25
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Zhang X, Wu Z, Lai Y, Li D, Wang J, Luo Z, Xue Y, Zhu H, Chen C, Zhang Y. (±)-Terreinlactone A, a Pair of 3-Substituted δ-Lactone Enantiomers Derived from Terrein from the Fungus Aspergillus terreus. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:764-767. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Humanwell Healthcare (Group) Co., Ltd
| | - Zhaodi Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Yongji Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, the Central Hospital of Wuhan
| | - Dongyan Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Jianping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Zengwei Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Yongbo Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Jena K, Pandey JP, Kumari R, Sinha AK, Gupta VP, Singh GP. Tasar silk fiber waste sericin: New source for anti-elastase, anti-tyrosinase and anti-oxidant compounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:1102-1108. [PMID: 29550421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the properties of sericin extracted from tasar silk fiber waste (TSFW). The surface morphology of TSFW was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images revealed the removal of residual sericin over the surface of TSFW. The molecular weight distribution of sericin was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results suggested that TSFW sericin represented a family of proteins with wide-ranging molecular weight distribution (11-245 kDa). Structural determination by FTIR revealed the presence of both α-helical and β-sheet structures. The colour was studied by colorimeter indicating less brightness, more red and yellow colour intensities. The carbon: nitrogen ratio (C:N) was studied by CHNS element analyzer and the ratio is 5.15-7.85. Thermal properties of TSFW sericin have been studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method. TGA curve showed higher thermal stability and variable degradation profiles. Furthermore, TSFW sericin contains 17 amino acids where serine, aspartic acid and glycine are the more significant compounds (54.34-60.49%). In addition, sericin was found to inhibit tyrosinase, elastase and glutathione-S-transferase activity, and had apparent radical scavenging impacts on 2.2‑diphenyl‑1‑picryl‑hydrazil (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Result suggested that TSFW sericins might be a valuable ingredient for cosmoceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jena
- Silkworm Physiology Laboratory, Central Tasar Research and Training Institute (Central Silk Board), P.O. Piska-Nagri, Ranchi 835303, Jharkhand, India.
| | - J P Pandey
- Silkworm Physiology Laboratory, Central Tasar Research and Training Institute (Central Silk Board), P.O. Piska-Nagri, Ranchi 835303, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ruchi Kumari
- Silkworm Physiology Laboratory, Central Tasar Research and Training Institute (Central Silk Board), P.O. Piska-Nagri, Ranchi 835303, Jharkhand, India
| | - A K Sinha
- Silkworm Physiology Laboratory, Central Tasar Research and Training Institute (Central Silk Board), P.O. Piska-Nagri, Ranchi 835303, Jharkhand, India
| | - V P Gupta
- Silkworm Physiology Laboratory, Central Tasar Research and Training Institute (Central Silk Board), P.O. Piska-Nagri, Ranchi 835303, Jharkhand, India
| | - G P Singh
- Silkworm Physiology Laboratory, Central Tasar Research and Training Institute (Central Silk Board), P.O. Piska-Nagri, Ranchi 835303, Jharkhand, India
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Yin L, Pang G, Niu C, Habasi M, Dou J, Aisa HA. A novel psoralen derivative-MPFC enhances melanogenesis via activation of p38 MAPK and PKA signaling pathways in B16 cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3727-3735. [PMID: 29512683 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As an active compound, psoralen is present in various Chinese herbal medicines and has exhibited significant activity in skin disease treatment. Its derivative 8-methoxypsoralan (8-MOP) is the most commonly used drug to induce repigmentation of vitiligo. In our previous screening assays, 4-methyl-6-phenyl-2H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-2-one (MPFC), a psoralen derivative, was identified as more effective tyrosinase and melanin activator than the positive control 8-MOP in consideration of low doses, as well as low toxicity. The overall purpose of this study was to characterize the melanogenic effect and mechanisms of MPFC in B16 cells. The melanin biosynthesis effects of MPFC were determined by examination of cellular melanin contents, tyrosinase activity assay, cyclic adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP) assay, and western blotting of MPFC-stimulated B16 mouse melanoma cells. Our results showed that MPFC enhanced both melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner as well as significantly activated the expression of melanogenic proteins such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 and tyrosinase-related protein-2. Western blot analysis showed that MPFC increased the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) as well as the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Moreover, MPFC stimulated intracellular cAMP levels and induced tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis were attenuated by H89, a protein kinase A inhibitor. These results indicated that MPFC-mediated activation of the p38 MAPK and the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway may shed light on a novel approach for an effective therapy for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Guangxian Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Chao Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Maidina Habasi
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jun Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
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Lee DY, Kim HG, Lee YG, Kim JH, Lee JW, Choi BR, Jang IB, Kim GS, Baek NI. Isolation and Quantification of Ginsenoside Rh23, a New Anti-Melanogenic Compound from the Leaves of Panax ginseng. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020267. [PMID: 29382138 PMCID: PMC6017343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new ginsenoside, named ginsenoside Rh23 (1), and 20-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3β,6α,12β,20β,25-pentahydroxydammar-23-ene (2) were isolated from the leaves of hydroponic Panax ginseng. Compounds were isolated by various column chromatography and their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods, including high resolution quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry (HR-QTOF/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. To determine anti-melanogenic activity, the change in the melanin content in melan-a cells treated with identified compounds was tested. Additionally, we investigated the melanin inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rh23 on pigmentation in a zebrafish in vivo model. Compound 1 inhibited potent melanogenesis in melan-a cells with 37.0% melanogenesis inhibition at 80 µM and also presented inhibition on the body pigmentation in zebrafish model. Although compound 2 showed slightly lower inhibitory activity than compound 1, it also showed significantly decreased melanogenesis in melan-a cell and in zebrafish model. These results indicated that compounds isolated from hydroponic P. ginseng may be used as new skin whitening compound through the in vitro and in vivo systems. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the utility of MS-based compound 1 for the quantitative analysis. Ginsenoside Rh23 (1) was found at a level of 0.31 mg/g in leaves of hydroponic P. ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
| | - Hyoung-Geun Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- College of Herbal Bio-industry, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea.
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
| | - Bo-Ram Choi
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
| | - In-Bae Jang
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
| | - Geum-Soog Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea.
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
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Hosoe T, Ishikawa K, Wakana D, Itabashi T, Takeda H, Yaguchi T, Kawai KI. Four Cyclodipeptides, Asnovolenins A-B and Asnovozines A-B, from Aspergillus novofumigatus. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Interleukin-22 participates in the inflammatory process of vitiligo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109161-109174. [PMID: 29312598 PMCID: PMC5752511 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentary skin inflammatory disorder. The pathogenesis of inflammatory skin disease involves the release of cytokines from keratinocytes, including interleukin (IL)-1β. IL-22 belongs to a family of cytokines structurally related to IL-10, including IL-19, IL-20, IL-24, and IL-26. In contrast to IL-10, IL-22 has proinflammatory activities. Among skin cell populations only keratinocytes are the major targets of IL-22. In the present study, we demonstrated that IL-22 promoting IL-1β secretion from keratinocytes via the Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-caspase-1 pathway. It inhibited the expression of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) of keratinocytes. However, IL-22 had no direct effect on normal human foreskin-derived epidermal melanocytes (NHEM). Considering the closely connection between keratinocytes and melanocytes, and the ability of keratinocytes to produce a plethora of cytokines, in the present work, we examined whether IL-22 could regulate melanocytes functions by keratinocytes participation. Keratinocytes were exposed to IL-22 and the conditional medium was collected. The effect of conditional medium on melanocytes was studied. The expressions of relative proteins were assessed by western blot. Influence of conditional medium on NHEM migration was assessed by Transwell method and the apoptosis by flow cytometry analysis. The IL-22-treating keratinocytes conditional medium inhibited melanogenesis and restrained the expressions of Rab GTPases of NHEM. In addition, the conditional medium suppressed melanocytes migration and induced apoptosis. Our results collectively indicated that IL-22 may potentiate IL-1β-mediated skin inflammation and result in participating in the inflammatory pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Bengyella L, Yekwa EL, Subhani MN, Tambo E, Nawaz K, Hetsa BA, Iftikhar S, Waikhom SD, Roy P. Invasive Aspergillus terreus morphological transitions and immunoadaptations mediating antifungal resistance. Infect Drug Resist 2017; 10:425-436. [PMID: 29158685 PMCID: PMC5683776 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s147331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Aspergillus terreus Thom is a pathogen of public health and agricultural importance for its seamless abilities to expand its ecological niche. The aim of this study was holistically to investigate A. terreus morphological and immunoadaptations and their implication in antifungal resistance and proliferation during infection. Materials and methods In-depth unstructured mining of relevant peer-reviewed literature was performed for A. terreus morphological, immune, resistance, and genetic diversity based on the sequenced calmodulin-like gene. Results Accessory conidia and phialidic conidia produced by A. terreus confer discrete anti-fungal resistance that ensures survivability during therapies. Interestingly, by producing unique metabolites such as Asp–melanin and terretonin, A. terreus is capable of hijacking macrophages and scavenging iron, respectively. As such, A. terreus has established a rare mechanism to mitigate phagocytosis and swing the interaction dynamics in favor of its proliferation and survival in hosts. Conclusion It is further unraveled that besides A. terreus genetic diversity, morphological, biochemical, and immunologic adaptations associated with conidia germination and discharge of chemical signals during infection enable masking of the host defense as an integral part of its strategy to survive and rapidly colonize hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Bengyella
- Department of Biomedical Science, The School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, India
| | - Elsie Laban Yekwa
- Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Muhammad Nasir Subhani
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ernest Tambo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté.,Department of Communications, Africa Disease Intelligence and Surveillance, Communication and Response Institute, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Kiran Nawaz
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bakoena Ashton Hetsa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Sehrish Iftikhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sayanika Devi Waikhom
- Department of Biomedical Science, The School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Pranab Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, India
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An inhibitory mechanism of action of a novel syringic-acid derivative on α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanogenesis. Life Sci 2017; 191:52-58. [PMID: 28993145 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To report the effects of a novel syringic-acid derivative, (R)-ethyl-2-acetamido-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoylthio)propanoate (EABTO), on melanin synthesis and to identify its mechanism of action in B16F1 melanoma cells. METHODS The effects of EABTO on melanin synthesis in B16F1 cells and human epidermal melanocytes and the influence on cell-free tyrosinase activity were evaluated. EABTO-induced cellular signaling cascades were studied by western blotting. KEY FINDINGS EABTO effectively decreased melanin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner but had no effect on cell-free tyrosinase activity. EABTO significantly decreased the expression of melanogenic enzymes such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2. EABTO decreased the amounts of phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), thereby inhibiting expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Moreover, EABTO upregulated phosphorylated ERK. A specific ERK pathway inhibitor, PD98059, reduced EABTO-induced ERK phosphorylation and restored the expression of MITF and melanin content. SIGNIFICANCE EABTO inhibits melanogenesis in B16F1 melanoma cells via suppression of the cAMP-CREB pathway and activation of ERK, thus decreasing expression of MITF and of melanogenic enzymes.
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Shukla S, Park J, Park JH, Lee JS, Kim M. Development of novel Meju starter culture using plant extracts with reduced Bacillus cereus counts and enhanced functional properties. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11409. [PMID: 28900166 PMCID: PMC5595882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel type of Meju starter culture using single and combined extracts of Allium sativum (garlic clove), Nelumbo nucifera (lotus leaves), and Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo leaves) to improve the quality and functionality of Meju-based fermented products. Meju samples fermented with plant extracts (10 mg/ml) showed phenolic contents of 11.4-31.6 mg/g (gallic acid equivalents). Samples of extracts (garlic clove, lotus leaves, ginkgo leaves and their combination) fermented with Meju strongly inhibited tyrosinase, α-glucosidase, and elastase activities by 36.43-64.34%, 45.08-48.02%, and 4.52-10.90%, respectively. Specifically, ginkgo leaves extract added to fermented Meju samples at different concentrations (1% and 10%) strongly inhibited tyrosinase, α-glucosidase, and elastase activities and exhibited a potent antibacterial effect against Bacillus cereus with a significant reduction in bacterial counts compared with the effects observed for garlic clove and lotus leaf added to Meju samples. Scanning electron microscopy revealed severe morphological alterations of the B. cereus cell wall in response to ginkgo leaf extracts. Gas chromatographic mass spectroscopic analysis of plant extract-supplemented Meju samples and control Meju samples identified 113 bioactive compounds representing 98.44-99.98% total extract. The proposed approach may be useful for the development of various fermented functional foods at traditional and commercial levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Shukla
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Cooking, Taegu Science University, Daegu, 41453, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Chen X, Gu T, Wang JH, Xiong H, Wang YQ, Liu GL, Qu Y, Zhang N. Effects of wogonin on the mechanism of melanin synthesis in A375 cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4547-4553. [PMID: 29104663 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of wogonin on the mechanism of melanin synthesis in the A375 melanoma cell line. A375 cells, cultured in vitro, were treated with wogonin and the activity of tyrosinase (TYR) and melanin synthesis were examined via MTT assay, L-dopa oxidation assay and an NaOH lysis assay. Protein expression levels of TYR and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were examined via western blotting. mRNA expression levels of TYR, tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1, TRP-2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1, ERK-2 and JNK-2 were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the effect of wogonin on estrogen receptor inhibitor (ICI182780) and ERK pathway inhibitor (U0126) was investigated. Safe doses of wogonin (10, 1, 10-1, 10-2 or 10-3 µmol/l) significantly inhibited melanin synthesis and TYR activity (P<0.05). Wogonin (10 µmol/l) inhibited the protein expression levels of TYR, JNK and mRNA expression levels of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, ERK-1, ERK-2, JNK-2 in A375 cells (P<0.01). The estrogen receptor inhibitor, ICI182780, and MEK inhibitor, U0126, significantly reversed the effects of wogonin on protein and mRNA expression levels of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, ERK-1, ERK-2 and JNK-2 (all P<0.01). To conclude, the present study identified that wogonin is able to inhibit the synthesis of melanin in A375 cells, through inhibiting protein and mRNA expression levels of TYR, TRP-1, and TRP-2, and ERK1, ERK2 and JNK2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Ting Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Qiu Wang
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Liang Liu
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Yan Qu
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
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Niu C, Aisa HA. Upregulation of Melanogenesis and Tyrosinase Activity: Potential Agents for Vitiligo. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081303. [PMID: 28777326 PMCID: PMC6152334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin, the compound primarily responsible in humans for hair, eye and skin pigmentation, is produced by melanocytes through a complicated process called melanogenesis that is catalyzed by tyrosinase and other tyrosinase-related proteins. The abnormal loss of melanin causes dermatological problems such as vitiligo. Hence the regulation of melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity is very important for treating hypopigmentary disorders. Many melanogenesis stimulators have been discovered during the past decade. This article reviews recent advances in research on extracts and active ingredients of plants, synthesized compounds with stimulating effect on melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity, as well as their influence on the expression of related proteins and possible signaling pathways for the design and development of novel anti-vitiligo agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Haji A Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Goutam J, Sharma G, Tiwari VK, Mishra A, Kharwar RN, Ramaraj V, Koch B. Isolation and Characterization of "Terrein" an Antimicrobial and Antitumor Compound from Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus terreus (JAS-2) Associated from Achyranthus aspera Varanasi, India. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1334. [PMID: 28790982 PMCID: PMC5526331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at characterizing biological potentials of endophyte Aspergillus terreus JAS-2 isolated from Achyranthus aspera. Crude extracted from endophytic fungus JAS-2 was purified and chemically characterized by chromatographic and spectroscopic studies respectively. Spectral assignment of NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) data, 1H proton and 13C carbon analysis along with FTIR data elucidated the structure of compound as 4,5-Dihydroxy-3-(1-propenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one. After purification and identification a set of experiment was conducted to explore efficacy of compound. Results revealed that on accessing the antifungal activity of compound, growth diameter of tested phytopathogenic fungi was reduced to 50% at higher concentration taken (10 μgμl−1). Compound exhibited in-vitro bacterial cell inhibition at 20 μgml−1 concentration along with moderate antioxidant behavior. Evaluation of anticancer activity against human lung cancer cell line (A-549) exhibited its IC50 value to be 121.9 ± 4.821 μgml−1. Further cell cycle phase distribution were analyzed on the basis of DNA content and evaluated by FACS (Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting) and it was revealed that at 150 μgml−1 of compound maximum cells were found in sub G1 phase which represents apoptotic dead cells. Terrein (4, 5-Dihydroxy-3-(1-propenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one) a multi-potential was isolated from endophytic fungus JAS-2, from well recognized medicinal herb A. aspera. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report of “Terrein” from endophytic derived fungus. This compound had also exhibited anticancer and antifungal activity against human lung cancer cell line A-549 and Bipolaris sorokiniana respectively which is causal organism of many plants disease. Hence endophytes are serving as alternative sources of drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Goutam
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Amrita Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | - Ravindra N Kharwar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
| | | | - Biplob Koch
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi, India
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37
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Park HS, Jun SC, Han KH, Hong SB, Yu JH. Diversity, Application, and Synthetic Biology of Industrially Important Aspergillus Fungi. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 100:161-202. [PMID: 28732553 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous fungal genus Aspergillus consists of over 340 officially recognized species. A handful of these Aspergillus fungi are predominantly used for food fermentation and large-scale production of enzymes, organic acids, and bioactive compounds. These industrially important Aspergilli primarily belong to the two major Aspergillus sections, Nigri and Flavi. Aspergillus oryzae (section Flavi) is the most commonly used mold for the fermentation of soybeans, rice, grains, and potatoes. Aspergillus niger (section Nigri) is used in the industrial production of various enzymes and organic acids, including 99% (1.4 million tons per year) of citric acid produced worldwide. Better understanding of the genomes and the signaling mechanisms of key Aspergillus species can help identify novel approaches to enhance these commercially significant strains. This review summarizes the diversity, current applications, key products, and synthetic biology of Aspergillus fungi commonly used in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Soo Park
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jae-Hyuk Yu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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Bioactive compounds of Aspergillus terreus-F7, an endophytic fungus from Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:62. [PMID: 28243983 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The compounds terrein (1), butyrolactone I (2), and butyrolactone V (3) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus-F7 obtained from Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. The extract and the compounds presented schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni; at 100 µg/mL for EtOAc extract, 1297.3 µM for compound 1, 235.6 µM for compound 2, and 454.1 µM for compound 3, they killed 100% of the parasites after 72 h of treatment. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 exerted moderate leishmanicidal activity against Leishmania amazonensis (IC50 ranged from 23.7 to 78.6 µM). At 235.6 and 227.0 µM, compounds 2 and 3, respectively, scavenged 95.92 and 95.12% of the DPPH radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl), respectively. Regarding the cytotoxicity against the breast tumor cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, compound 2 gave IC50 of 34.4 and 17.4 µM, respectively, while compound 3 afforded IC50 of 22.2 and 31.9 µM, respectively. At 117.6 µM, compound 2 inhibited the growth of and killed the pathogen Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Compounds 1, 2, and 3 displayed low toxicity against the normal line of human lung fibroblasts (GM07492A cells), with IC50 of 15.3 × 103, 3.4 × 103, and 5.8 × 103 µM, respectively. This is the first report on (i) the in vitro schistosomicidal and leishmanicidal activities of the EtOAc extract of A. terreus-F7 and compounds 1, 2, and 3; and (ii) the antitumor activity of compounds 2 and 3 against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells.
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Wu Y, Zhu Y, Li S, Zeng M, Chu J, Hu P, Li J, Guo Q, Lv XB, Huang G. Terrein performs antitumor functions on esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and synergistic interaction with cisplatin. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2805-2810. [PMID: 28454470 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Terrein is a bioactive fungal metabolite isolated from Aspergillus terreus. Besides being a melanogenesis inhibitor, previous studies have revealed that terrein has antiproliferative effects on a number of types of cancer tumors. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of terrein on esophageal cancer was evaluated and the possible underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results revealed that terrein inhibited the proliferation of Eca109 esophageal cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mechanistically, terrein treatment led to the G2/M phase arrest of Eca109 cells by indirectly regulating cyclin B1 and phosphorylating the cell division cycle protein 2 genes. Notably, terrein exhibited a synergistic effect on Eca109 cells when combined with cisplatin, which is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug. Taken together, these findings indicate that terrein suppresses the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells, and may prove to be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of esophageal cancer via inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51012, P.R. China
| | - Shunrong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51012, P.R. China
| | - Minhua Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51012, P.R. China
| | - Junjun Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51012, P.R. China
| | - Pengnan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51012, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51012, P.R. China
| | - Qiannan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51012, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bin Lv
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translational Research, Center Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, P.R. China
| | - Guofu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, P.R. China
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Hwang E, Lee TH, Lee WJ, Shim WS, Yeo EJ, Kim S, Kim SY. A novel synthetic Piper amide derivative NED-180 inhibits hyperpigmentation by activating the PI3K and ERK pathways and by regulating Ca2+ influx via TRPM1 channels. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:81-91. [PMID: 26459162 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Piper amides have a characteristic, unsaturated amide group and exhibit diverse biological activities, including proliferation and differentiation of melanocytes, although the molecular mechanisms underlying its antimelanogenesis effect remain unknown. We screened a selected chemical library of newly synthesized Piper amide derivatives and identified (E)-3-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)acrylamide (NED-180) as one of the most potent compounds in suppressing melanogenesis. In murine melan-a melanocytes, NED-180 downregulated the expression of melanogenic regulatory proteins including tyrosinase, Tyrp1, Dct, and MITF. PI3K/Akt-dependent phosphorylation of GSK3β by NED-180 decreases MITF phosphorylation and inhibits melanogenesis without any effects on cytotoxicity and proliferation. Furthermore, topical application of NED-180 significantly ameliorated UVB-induced skin hyperpigmentation in guinea pigs. Interestingly, data obtained using calcium imaging techniques suggested that NED-180 reduced the TPA-induced activation of TRPM1 (melastatin), which could explain the NED-180-induced inhibition of melanogenesis. All things taken together, NED-180 triggers activation of multiple pathways, such as PI3K and ERK, and inhibits TRPM1/TRPV1, leading to inhibition of melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunson Hwang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Material and Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Taek Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Wook-Joo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Won-Sik Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.,Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
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Downregulation of melanogenesis: drug discovery and therapeutic options. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:282-298. [PMID: 27693716 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Melanin, primarily responsible in humans for hair, eye and skin pigmentation, is produced by melanocytes through a process called melanogenesis. However, the abnormal accumulation of melanin causes dermatological problems such as café-au-lait macules ephelides (freckles), solar lentigo (age spots) and melasma, as well as cancer and vitiligo. Hence the regulation of melanogenesis is very important for treating hyperpigmentary disorders. Numerous antimelanogenic agents that target tyrosinase activity and/or stability, melanosome maturation, transfer and trafficking, or melanogenesis-related signaling pathways have been developed. This article reviews recent advances in research and development of human tyrosinase and melanogenesis-related signaling pathway inhibitors. Attempts have been made to provide a complete description of the mechanism of action of inhibitors on various melanogenesis signaling pathways.
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Long S, Sousa E, Kijjoa A, Pinto MMM. Marine Natural Products as Models to Circumvent Multidrug Resistance. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070892. [PMID: 27399665 PMCID: PMC6273648 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) to anticancer drugs is a serious health problem that in many cases leads to cancer treatment failure. The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which leads to premature efflux of drugs from cancer cells, is often responsible for MDR. On the other hand, a strategy to search for modulators from natural products to overcome MDR had been in place during the last decades. However, Nature limits the amount of some natural products, which has led to the development of synthetic strategies to increase their availability. This review summarizes the research findings on marine natural products and derivatives, mainly alkaloids, polyoxygenated sterols, polyketides, terpenoids, diketopiperazines, and peptides, with P-gp inhibitory activity highlighting the established structure-activity relationships. The synthetic pathways for the total synthesis of the most promising members and analogs are also presented. It is expected that the data gathered during the last decades concerning their synthesis and MDR-inhibiting activities will help medicinal chemists develop potential drug candidates using marine natural products as models which can deliver new ABC transporter inhibitor scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solida Long
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Porto 4050-123, Portugal.
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Wadhwa R, Priyandoko D, Gao R, Widodo N, Nigam N, Li L, Ahn HM, Yun CO, Ando N, Mahe C, Kaul SC. Stress chaperone mortalin regulates human melanogenesis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:631-44. [PMID: 27056733 PMCID: PMC4907994 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to identify the cellular factors involved in human melanogenesis, we carried out shRNA-mediated loss-of-function screening in conjunction with induction of melanogenesis by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol (OAG) in human melanoma cells using biochemical and visual assays. Gene targets of the shRNAs (that caused loss of OAG-induced melanogenesis) and their pathways, as determined by bioinformatics, revealed involvement of proteins that regulate cell stress response, mitochondrial functions, proliferation, and apoptosis. We demonstrate, for the first time, that the mitochondrial stress chaperone mortalin is crucial for melanogenesis. Upregulation of mortalin was closely associated with melanogenesis in in vitro cell-based assays and clinical samples of keloids with hyperpigmentation. Furthermore, its knockdown resulted in compromised melanogenesis. The data proposed mortalin as an important protein that may be targeted to manipulate pigmentation for cosmetic and related disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Wadhwa
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Didik Priyandoko
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Biology, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ran Gao
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Nashi Widodo
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nupur Nigam
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Ling Li
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hyo Min Ahn
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Nobuhiro Ando
- KK Chanel Research and Technology Development Laboratory, 1-1-5, Yamate, Funabashi-Chiba, 273-0045, Japan
| | - Christian Mahe
- KK Chanel Research and Technology Development Laboratory, 1-1-5, Yamate, Funabashi-Chiba, 273-0045, Japan
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
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Zhao C, Guo L, Wang L, Zhu G, Zhu W. Improving the yield of (+)-terrein from the salt-tolerant Aspergillus terreus PT06-2. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:77. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Wu Q, Long HL, Liu D, Proksch P, Lin WH. Varioxiranols I-L, new lactones from a sponge-associated Emericella variecolor fungus. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2015; 17:1137-1145. [PMID: 26700546 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1119127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical examination of the sponge-associated fungus Emericella variecolor resulted in the isolation of four new lactones namely varioxiranols I-L(1-4)with different scaffolds, together with asteltoxin (5) and asteltoxin B (6). The structure elucidation of new compounds was accomplished by spectroscopic analysis, while the absolute configurations were determined by computed circular dichroism (ECD) and induced CD effects. Antitumor activities of these compounds were evaluated against different tumor cell lines, while the result indicated that the new compounds showed moderate cytotoxic activity against a panel of tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Hai-Lin Long
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Dong Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Peter Proksch
- b Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology , Heinrich-Heine University , Duesseldorf 40225 , Germany
| | - Wen-Han Lin
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
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Lee YH, Lee SJ, Jung JE, Kim JS, Lee NH, Yi HK. Terrein reduces age-related inflammation induced by oxidative stress through Nrf2/ERK1/2/HO-1 signalling in aged HDF cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:479-86. [PMID: 26416516 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether multiple bioactivity of terrein such as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant inhibits age-related inflammation by promoting an antioxidant response in aged human diploid fibroblast (HDF) cells. HDF cells were cultured serially for in vitro replicative senescence. To create the ageing cell phenotype, intermediate stage (PD31) HDF cells were brought to stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) using hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2). Terrein increased cell viability even with H2O2 stress and reduced inflammatory molecules such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Terrein reduced also phospho-extracellular kinase receptor1/2 (p-EKR1/2) signalling in aged HDF cells. SIPS cells were attenuated for age-related biological markers including reactive oxygen species (ROS), senescence associated beta-galactosidase (SA β-gal.) and the aforementioned inflammatory molecules. Terrein induced the induction of anti-oxidant molecules, copper/zinc-superoxide defence (Cu/ZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in SIPS cells. Terrein also alleviated reactive oxygen species formation through the Nrf2/HO-1/p-ERK1/2 pathway in aged cells. The results indicate that terrein has an alleviative function of age-related inflammation characterized as an anti-oxidant. Terrein might be a useful nutraceutical compound for anti-ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hee Lee
- Departments of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sook-Jeong Lee
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Jung
- Departments of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Kim
- Departments of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Nan-Hee Lee
- Departments of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Yi
- Departments of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Shin HJ, Oh CT, Kwon TR, Beak HS, Joo YH, Kim JH, Lee CS, Lee JH, Kim BJ, Shin SS, Park ES. A novel adamantyl benzylbenzamide derivative, AP736, inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells via glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1353-60. [PMID: 26398893 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, much effort has been made to develop effective dermatological depigmenting compounds. In this study, we investigated the novel candidate compound, AP736 (an adamantyl benzylbenzamide derivative), and its effects on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells, as well as the mechanisms involved. AP736 has been reported to exert anti-melanogenic effects in melanocytes in vitro and in artificial skin equivalents through the inhibition of key melanogenic enzymes and the suppression of the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)-cAMP response element‑binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway. Thus, we examined another pathway of melanogenesis involving the effects of AP736 on the glycogen synthesis kinase 3β (GSK3β) pathway. Melanin content and tyrosinase activity were measured using a spectrophotometer after the cells were treated with AP736. The AP736-induced activation of signaling pathways was examined by western blot analysis. We confirmed that AP736 decreased melanin production in a dose-dependent manner; however, it did not directly inhibit tyrosinase, the rate-limiting melanogenic enzyme. The expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase, and related signal transduction pathways was also investigated. The Wnt signaling pathway is deeply involved in melanogenesis; therefore, phosphorylation by GSK3β was assessed following treatment with AP736. AP736 induced GSK3β phosphorylation (inactivation), but it did not alter the level of β-catenin. Furthermore, the expression of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced tyrosinase was downregulated by AP736. Our data suggest that AP736 exerts hypopigmentary effects through the downregulation of tyrosinase via GSK3β phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Shin
- Medical Beauty Research Institute, AmorePacific R&D Center, Yongin 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Taek Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Rin Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Soo Beak
- Skin Research Institute, AmorePacific R&D Center, Yongin 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyup Joo
- Skin Research Institute, AmorePacific R&D Center, Yongin 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Kim
- Medical Beauty Research Institute, AmorePacific R&D Center, Yongin 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seok Lee
- Medical Beauty Research Institute, AmorePacific R&D Center, Yongin 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwan Lee
- Skin Research Institute, AmorePacific R&D Center, Yongin 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Seok Shin
- Skin Research Institute, AmorePacific R&D Center, Yongin 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Kim HJ, Kim JS, Woo JT, Lee IS, Cha BY. Hyperpigmentation mechanism of methyl 3,5-di-caffeoylquinate through activation of p38 and MITF induction of tyrosinase. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:548-56. [PMID: 26018825 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl 3,5-di-caffeoylquinate (3,5-diCQM) has been used for the treatment of various diseases in oriental medicine, but its effect on melanogenesis has not been reported yet. In this study, the molecular mechanism of 3,5-diCQM-induced melanogenesis was investigated. It was found that 3,5-diCQM induced synthesis of melanin pigments in murine B16F10 melanoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of cells with 3,5-diCQM for 48 h increased extracellular and intracellular melanin production and tyrosinase activity. The expressions of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), and TRP2 were up-regulated in a dose-dependent manner 48 h after 3,5-diCQM treatment. Western blot analysis showed that 3,5-diCQM increased the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and cAMP responsive element binding as well as the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. In addition, 3,5-diCQM-stimulated cAMP production, and 3,5-diCQM-induced tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis were attenuated by H89, a protein kinase A inhibitor. These results suggested that 3,5-diCQM-mediated activation of the p38 pathway may represent a novel approach for an effective therapy for vitiligo and hair graying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Kim
- Research Institute for Biological Functions, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Tae Woo
- Research Institute for Biological Functions, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan Department of Research and Development, Erina Co., Inc., Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0021, Japan
| | - Ik-Soo Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yoon Cha
- Research Institute for Biological Functions, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
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Calcitonin gene-related peptide cooperates with substance P to inhibit melanogenesis and induces apoptosis of B16F10 cells. Cytokine 2015; 74:137-44. [PMID: 25982845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ in human body and works as biologically active barrier to provide critical preservation of body homeostasis. The skin is highly innervated by a plenitude of nerve fiber subpopulations, each carrying one or more neuronal mediators. Melanocyte itself also intimately contact with nerve fibers to form 'synaptic-like structure' and its functions may be directly regulated by the mediators contained in terminals of intra-epidermal nerve fibers. Clinical and biochemical studies have suggested that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is involved in vitiligo skin. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of CGRP on epidermal melanocytes. After treatment with CGRP ranging from 0 to 500 ng/mL for 48 h, tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis were with little changes compared to treatment with medium only in B16F10 cells. Treatment with 500 ng/mL of CGRP cooperates with substance P (SP) (0.1-10 nM) to decrease tyrosinase activity and decrease melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, CGRP (8-37) antagonizes the synergistic effect of CGRP. The effect of CGRP on the cell apoptosis was examined. Treatments with 0-500 ng/mL of CGRP for 24 h, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, total caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and total caspase-9 were increased in a concentration-dependent manner. And 500 ng/mL of CGRP induced B16F10 cell apoptosis showed by TUNEL assay. In addition, Bax expression was up-regulated and Bcl-2 down-regulated in response to CGRP treatment. Hence, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was significantly increased. These in vitro observations indicate the pro-apoptotic impact of CGRP on B16F10 cell.
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