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Perez-Miller S, Gomez K, Khanna R. Peptide and Peptidomimetic Inhibitors Targeting the Interaction of Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 with the N-Type Calcium Channel for Pain Relief. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1916-1936. [PMID: 39022365 PMCID: PMC11249630 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Ion channels serve pleiotropic functions. Often found in complexes, their activities and functions are sculpted by auxiliary proteins. We discovered that collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) is a binding partner and regulator of the N-type voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV2.2), a genetically validated contributor to chronic pain. Herein, we trace the discovery of a new peptidomimetic modulator of this interaction, starting from the identification and development of CBD3, a CRMP2-derived CaV binding domain peptide. CBD3 uncouples CRMP2-CaV2.2 binding to decrease CaV2.2 surface localization and calcium currents. These changes occur at presynaptic sites of nociceptive neurons and indeed, CBD3 ameliorates chronic pain in preclinical models. In pursuit of a CBD3 peptidomimetic, we exploited a unique approach to identify a dipeptide with low conformational flexibility and high solvent accessibility that anchors binding to CaV2.2. From a pharmacophore screen, we obtained CBD3063, a small-molecule that recapitulated CBD3's activity, reversing nociceptive behaviors in rodents of both sexes without sensory, affective, or cognitive effects. By disrupting the CRMP2-CaV2.2 interaction, CBD3063 exerts these effects indirectly through modulating CaV2.2 trafficking, supporting CRMP2 as an auxiliary subunit of CaV2.2. The parent peptide CBD3 was also found by us and others to have neuroprotective properties at postsynaptic sites, through N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and plasmalemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 3, potentially acting as an auxiliary subunit for these pathways as well. Our new compound is poised to address several open questions regarding CRMP2's role in regulating the CaV2.2 pathways to treat pain with the potential added benefit of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department
of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, ARB R5-234, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267, United States
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department
of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, ARB R5-234, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department
of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, ARB R5-234, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267, United States
- Pain
and Addiction Therapeutics (PATH) Collaboratory, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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Park SY, Kim JT, Park ES, Hwang YS, Yoon HR, Baek KE, Jung H, Yoon SR, Kim BY, Cho HJ, Lee HG. Collapsin response mediator protein 4 enhances the radiosensitivity of colon cancer cells through calcium‑mediated cell signaling. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:6. [PMID: 33655336 PMCID: PMC7877015 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is an effective treatment against various types of cancer, but some radiation‑resistant cancer cells remain a major therapeutic obstacle; thus, understanding radiation resistance mechanisms is essential for cancer treatment. In this study, we established radiation‑resistant colon cancer cell lines and examined the radiation‑induced genetic changes associated with radiation resistance. Using RNA‑sequencing analysis, collapsin response mediator protein 4 (<em>CRMP4</em>) was identified as the candidate gene associated with radiation sensitivity. When cells were exposed to radiation, intracellular Ca2+ influx, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cytochrome c release into the cytosol were increased, followed by apoptosis induction. Radiation treatment‑ or Ca2+ ionophore A23187‑induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited in <em>CRMP4</em>‑deficient cells, including radiation‑resistant or <em>CRMP4</em>‑shRNA cell lines. Furthermore, treatment of <em>CRMP4</em>‑deficient cells with low levels (<5 µM) of BAPTA‑AM, a Ca2+ chelator, resulted in radiation resistance. Conversely, Ca2+ deficiency induced by a high BAPTA‑AM concentration (>10 µM) resulted in higher cell death in the <em>CRMP4</em>‑depleted cells compared to <em>CRMP4</em>‑expressing control cells. Our results suggest that <em>CRMP4</em> plays an important role in Ca2+‑mediated cell death pathways under radiation exposure and that CRMP4 may be a therapeutical target for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yoon Park
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Park
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Sep Hwang
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Eun Baek
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jun Cho
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence to: Dr Hee Gu Lee or Dr Hee Jun Cho, Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence to: Dr Hee Gu Lee or Dr Hee Jun Cho, Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea, E-mail: , E-mail:
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Baburina Y, Odinokova I, Azarashvili T, Akatov V, Sotnikova L, Krestinina O. Possible Involvement of 2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide-3'-Phosphodiesterase in the Protein Phosphorylation-Mediated Regulation of the Permeability Transition Pore. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113499. [PMID: 30405014 PMCID: PMC6274948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium as a secondary messenger regulates the phosphorylation of several membrane-bound proteins in brain and liver mitochondria. Regulation of the activity of different protein kinases and phosphatases by Ca2+ occurs through its binding with calmodulin. The protein phosphorylation is strongly dependent on the Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. 2′,3′-Cyclic nucleotide-3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) was phosphorylated by protein kinases A and C. CNPase and melatonin (MEL) might interact with calmodulin. The effects of the calmodulin antagonist calmidazolium and the inhibitor of protein kinase A H89 on mPTP opening in rat brain mitochondria of male Wistar rats were investigated. In addition, the role of CNPase, serine/threonine kinases, and MEL in the mPTP opening was examined. The anti-CNPase antibody added to rat brain mitochondria (RBM) reduced the content of CNPase in mitochondria. The threshold [Ca2+] decreased, and mitochondrial swelling was accelerated in the presence of the anti-CNPase antibody. H89 enhanced the effect of anti-CNPase antibody and accelerated the swelling of mitochondria, while CmZ abolished the effect of anti-CNPase antibody under mPTP opening. The levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-GSK3β increased, while the MEL content did not change. It can be assumed that CNPase may be involved in the regulation of these kinases, which in turn plays an important role in mPTP functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Baburina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Irina Odinokova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Tamara Azarashvili
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Akatov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Linda Sotnikova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Olga Krestinina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
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Collapsin response mediator protein 2: high-resolution crystal structure sheds light on small-molecule binding, post-translational modifications, and conformational flexibility. Amino Acids 2017; 49:747-759. [PMID: 28044206 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP-2) is a neuronal protein involved in axonal pathfinding. Intense research is focusing on its role in various neurological diseases. Despite a wealth of studies, not much is known about the molecular mechanisms of CRMP-2 function in vivo. The detailed structure-function relationships of CRMP-2 have also largely remained unknown, in part due to the fact that the available crystal structures lack the C-terminal tail, which is known to be a target for many post-translational modifications and protein interactions. Although CRMP-2, and other CRMPs, belong to the dihydropyrimidinase family, they have lost the enzymatic active site. Drug candidates for CRMP-2-related processes have come up during the recent years, but no reports of CRMP-2 complexes with small molecules have emerged. Here, CRMP-2 was studied at 1.25-Å resolution using X-ray crystallography. In addition, ligands were docked into the homotetrameric structure, and the C-terminal tail of CRMP-2 was produced recombinantly and analyzed. We have obtained the human CRMP-2 crystal structure at atomic resolution and could identify small-molecule binding pockets in the protein. Structures obtained in different crystal forms highlight flexible regions near possible ligand-binding pockets. We also used the CRMP-2 structure to analyze known or suggested post-translational modifications at the 3D structural level. The high-resolution CRMP-2 structure was also used for docking experiments with the sulfur amino acid metabolite lanthionine ketimine and its ester. We show that the C-terminal tail is intrinsically disordered, but it has conserved segments that may act as interaction sites. Our data provide the most accurate structural data on CRMPs to date and will be useful in further computational and experimental studies on CRMP-2, its function, and its binding to small-molecule ligands.
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Kim J, Yoon DH, Oh J, Hyun MW, Han JG, Sung GH. Calmodulin-mediated suppression of 2-ketoisovalerate reductase in Beauveria bassiana beauvericin biosynthetic pathway. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:4136-4143. [PMID: 27449895 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ketoisovalerate reductase (KIVR, E.C. 1.2.7.7) mediates the specific reduction of 2-ketoisovalerate (2-Kiv) to d-hydroxyisovalerate (d-Hiv), a precursor for beauvericin biosynthesis. Beauvericin, a famous mycotoxin produced by many fungi, is a cyclooligomer depsipeptide, which has insecticidal, antimicrobial, antiviral, and cytotoxic activities. In this report, we demonstrated that Beauveria bassiana 2-ketoisovalerate reductase (BbKIVR) acts as a typical KIVR enzyme in the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana. In addition, we found that BbKIVR interacts with calmodulin (CaM) in vitro and in vivo. The functional role of CaM-binding to BbKIVR was to negatively regulate the BbKIVR activity in B. bassiana. Environmental stimuli such as light and salt stress suppressed BbKIVR activity in B. bassiana. Interestingly, this negative effect of BbKIVR activity by light and salt stress was recovered by CaM inhibitors, suggesting that the inhibitory mechanism is mediated through stimulation of CaM activity. Therefore, this work suggests that BbKIVR plays an important role in the beauvericin biosynthetic pathway mediated by environmental stimuli such as light and salt stress via the CaM signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, International St. Mary's Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, 404-834, Korea.,Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Deok-Hyo Yoon
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, International St. Mary's Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, 404-834, Korea
| | - Junsang Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Woo Hyun
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, 369-873, Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Han
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, 369-873, Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, International St. Mary's Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, 404-834, Korea
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Liu SH, Huang SF, Hsu YL, Pan SH, Chen YJ, Lin YH. Structure of human collapsin response mediator protein 1: a possible role of its C-terminal tail. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015; 71:938-45. [PMID: 26249678 PMCID: PMC4528920 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15009243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein 1 (CRMP-1) is the first identified member of the CRMP family and is crucial for both the mediation of neuronal differentiation and in suppressing the invasion of lung cancer. The crystal structure of full-length human CRMP-1 was determined at a resolution of 3 Å. Human CRMP-1 comprises a tetrameric assembly; its overall structure is similar to that of mouse CRMP-1, but the measured electron density of the C-terminal residues 488-496 show a randomly coiled link that connects the protomers to each other, within which residues 497-572 are proteolytically susceptible in vivo. Deletion of residues 472-572 by thrombin in vitro not only releases a randomly coiled tail but also transduces observable structural changes of CRMP-1, as revealed by analytical size-exclusive chromatography and circular dichroism spectra. These results indicate a possible alternative role in CRMP dynamics and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Heng Liu
- Life science group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Fang Huang
- Facility Utilization Group, Experimental Facility Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hua Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Chen
- Life science group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Lin
- Life science group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
- Facility Utilization Group, Experimental Facility Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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Kim J, Park H, Han JG, Oh J, Choi HK, Kim SH, Sung GH. Regulation of a phenylalanine ammonia lyase (BbPAL) by calmodulin in response to environmental changes in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:4484-94. [PMID: 25970691 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL, E.C. 4.3.1.5) catalyses the deamination of L -phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid and ammonia, facilitating a critical step in the phenylpropanoid pathway that produces a variety of secondary metabolites. In this study, we isolated BbPAL gene in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. According to multiple sequence alignment, homology modelling and in vitro PAL activity, we demonstrated that BbPAL acts as a typical PAL enzyme in B. bassiana. BbPAL interacted with calmodulin (CaM) in vitro and in vivo, indicating that BbPAL is a novel CaM-binding protein. The functional role of CaM in BbPAL action was to negatively regulate the BbPAL activity in B. bassiana. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that L -phenylalanine was reduced and trans-cinnamic acid was increased in response to the CaM inhibitor W-7. Dark conditions suppressed BbPAL activity in B. bassiana, compared with light. In addition, heat and cold stresses inhibited BbPAL activity in B. bassiana. Interestingly, these negative effects of BbPAL activity by dark, heat and cold conditions were recovered by W-7 treatment, suggesting that the inhibitory mechanism is mediated through stimulation of CaM activity. Therefore, this work suggests that BbPAL plays a role in the phenylpropanoid pathway mediated by environmental stimuli via the CaM signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Kim
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea
| | - Hyesung Park
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, 369-873, Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Han
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, 369-873, Korea
| | - Junsang Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 210-701, Korea.,Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Metropolitan City, 404-834, Korea
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Moutal A, François-Moutal L, Brittain JM, Khanna M, Khanna R. Differential neuroprotective potential of CRMP2 peptide aptamers conjugated to cationic, hydrophobic, and amphipathic cell penetrating peptides. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 8:471. [PMID: 25674050 PMCID: PMC4306314 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated axonal specification collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) is a novel target for neuroprotection. A CRMP2 peptide (TAT-CBD3) conjugated to the HIV transactivator of transcription (TAT) protein's cationic cell penetrating peptide (CPP) motif protected neurons in the face of toxic levels of Ca(2+) influx leaked in via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hyperactivation. Here we tested whether replacing the hydrophilic TAT motif with alternative cationic (nona-arginine (R9)), hydrophobic (membrane transport sequence (MTS) of k-fibroblast growth factor) or amphipathic (model amphipathic peptide (MAP)) CPPs could be superior to the neuroprotection bestowed by TAT-CBD3. In giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) derived from cortical neurons, the peptides translocated across plasma membranes with similar efficiencies. Cortical neurons, acutely treated with peptides prior to a toxic glutamate challenge, demonstrated enhanced efflux of R9-CBD3 compared to others. R9-CBD3 inhibited N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-evoked Ca(2+) influx to a similar extent as TAT-CBD3 while MTS-CBD3 was ineffective which correlated with the ability of R9- and TAT-CBD3, but not MTS-CBD3, to block NMDAR interaction with CRMP2. Unrestricted Ca(2+) influx through NMDARs leading to delayed calcium dysregulation and neuronal cell death was blocked by all peptides but MAP-CBD3. When applied acutely for 10 min, R9-CBD3 was more effective than TAT-CBD3 at neuroprotection while MTS- and MAP-CBD3 were ineffective. In contrast, long-term (>24 h) treatment with MTS-CBD3 conferred neuroprotection where TAT-CBD3 failed. Neither peptide altered surface trafficking of NMDARs. Neuroprotection conferred by MTS-CBD3 peptide is likely due to its increased uptake coupled with decreased efflux when compared to TAT-CBD3. Overall, our results demonstrate that altering CPPs can bestow differential neuroprotective potential onto the CBD3 cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Joel M Brittain
- Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, AZ, USA ; Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, AZ, USA
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Detection of autoantibodies against heat shock proteins and collapsin response mediator proteins in autoimmune retinopathy. BMC Ophthalmol 2013; 13:48. [PMID: 24066722 PMCID: PMC3851198 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-13-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autoimmune retinopathy (AR) and Cancer-Associated Retinopathy (CAR) are associated with a diverse repertoire of anti-retinal autoantibodies (AAbs) but not all antigenic targets have been characterized. Identification of new AAbs may help with clinical diagnosis and prognosis of retinal dysfunction in AR. The goal was to identify frequently targeted retinal autoantigens within the 60-70-kDa molecular weight range. Methods Human retinal proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and 2D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and sera from AR patients with and without cancer were used to identify immunoreactive proteins by Western blotting. Proteins were identified following separation by electrophoresis, Coomassie staining using in-gel trypsin digestion and mass spectrometric analysis. Circulating serum hsp60 and anti-hsp60 antibody levels were determined by quantitative ELISA. Results Retrospective evaluation of 819 patients with anti-retinal AAbs showed that 29% patients had AAbs targeted proteins between 60-70-kDa. Shotgun mass spectrometry of human retinal proteins present in 1D-gel found 66 species within this range. To identify the immunoreactive proteins, we performed Western blots of 2-DE gels and showed a group of heat shock proteins (hsps), including hsp60 and CRMP proteins that were frequently recognized by AR patient AAbs, irrespective of cancer status. These results were validated by immunostaining of purified hsp60 and CRMP2 proteins. ELISA results revealed that patients with AR and CAR had significantly increased levels of serum anti-hsp60 antibodies compared to control healthy subjects (p < 0.0001). However, circulating hsp60 protein was not significantly elevated in sera of either patient group. Conclusions Different anti-retinal antibodies frequently co-exist in a single patient, creating antibody-arrays related to the syndrome. Hsps and CRMP-2 are newly identified autoantigens in AR. A frequent co-association of anti-hsp antibodies with other anti-retinal AAbs may augment pathogenic processes, leading to retinal degeneration.
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Sultana R, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. Lipid peroxidation triggers neurodegeneration: a redox proteomics view into the Alzheimer disease brain. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 62:157-169. [PMID: 23044265 PMCID: PMC3573239 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation involves a cascade of reactions in which production of free radicals occurs selectively in the lipid components of cellular membranes. Polyunsaturated fatty acids easily undergo lipid peroxidation chain reactions, which, in turn, lead to the formation of highly reactive electrophilic aldehydes. Among these, the most abundant aldehydes are 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and malondialdehyde, while acrolein is the most reactive. Proteins are susceptible to posttranslational modifications caused by aldehydes binding covalently to specific amino acid residues, in a process called Michael adduction, and these types of protein adducts, if not efficiently removed, may be, and generally are, dangerous for cellular homeostasis. In the present review, we focused the discussion on the selective proteins that are identified, by redox proteomics, as selective targets of HNE modification during the progression and pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). By comparing results obtained at different stages of the AD, it may be possible to identify key biochemical pathways involved and ideally identify therapeutic targets to prevent, delay, or treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukhsana Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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Tat-Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 (CRMP2) Increases the Survival of Neurons After NMDA Excitotoxity by Reducing the Cleavage of CRMP2. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2095-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Yang HC, Liu CM, Liu YL, Chen CW, Chang CC, Fann CSJ, Chiou JJ, Yang UC, Chen CH, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Hwu HG. The DAO gene is associated with schizophrenia and interacts with other genes in the Taiwan Han Chinese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60099. [PMID: 23555897 PMCID: PMC3610748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disease with a polygenic mode of inheritance. Many studies have contributed to our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of schizophrenia, but little is known about how interactions among genes affect the risk of schizophrenia. This study aimed to assess the associations and interactions among genes that confer vulnerability to schizophrenia and to examine the moderating effect of neuropsychological impairment. METHODS We analyzed 99 SNPs from 10 candidate genes in 1,512 subject samples. The permutation-based single-locus, multi-locus association tests, and a gene-based multifactorial dimension reduction procedure were used to examine genetic associations and interactions to schizophrenia. RESULTS We found that no single SNP was significantly associated with schizophrenia. However, a risk haplotype, namely A-T-C of the SNP triplet rsDAO7-rsDAO8-rsDAO13 of the DAO gene, was strongly associated with schizophrenia. Interaction analyses identified multiple between-gene and within-gene interactions. Between-gene interactions including DAO*DISC1 , DAO*NRG1 and DAO*RASD2 and a within-gene interaction for CACNG2 were found among schizophrenia subjects with severe sustained attention deficits, suggesting a modifying effect of impaired neuropsychological functioning. Other interactions such as the within-gene interaction of DAO and the between-gene interaction of DAO and PTK2B were consistently identified regardless of stratification by neuropsychological dysfunction. Importantly, except for the within-gene interaction of CACNG2, all of the identified risk haplotypes and interactions involved SNPs from DAO. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that DAO, which is involved in the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor regulation, signaling and glutamate metabolism, is the master gene of the genetic associations and interactions underlying schizophrenia. Besides, the interaction between DAO and RASD2 has provided an insight in integrating the glutamate and dopamine hypotheses of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chou Yang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Cathy S. J. Fann
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jie Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ueng-Cheng Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Houh Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Medical Genetics Research Center and Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, and Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute of Behavioral Genomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Ponnusamy R, Lohkamp B. Insights into the oligomerization of CRMPs: crystal structure of human collapsin response mediator protein 5. J Neurochem 2013; 125:855-68. [PMID: 23373749 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein-5 (CRMP-5) is the latest identified member of the CRMP cytosolic phosphoprotein family, which is crucial for neuronal development and repair. CRMPs exist as homo- and/or hetero-tetramers in vivo and participate in signaling transduction, cytoskeleton rearrangements, and endocytosis. CRMP-5 antagonizes many of the other CRMPs' functions either by directly interacting with them or by competing for their binding partners. We determined the crystal structures of a full length and a truncated version of human CRMP-5, both of which form a homo-tetramer similar to those observed in CRMP-1 and CRMP-2. However, solution studies indicate that CRMP-5 and CRMP-1 form weaker homo-tetramers compared with CRMP-2, and that divalent cations, Ca(2+) and Mg(2+), destabilize oligomers of CRMP-5 and CRMP-1, but promote CRMP-2 oligomerization. On the basis of comparative analysis of the CRMP-5 crystal structure, we identified residues that are crucial for determining the preference for hetero-oligomer or homo-oligomer formation. We also show that in spite of being the CRMP family member most closely related to dihydropyrimidinase, CRMP-5 does not have any detectable amidohydrolase activity. The presented findings provide new detailed insights into the structure, oligomerization, and regulation of CRMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ponnusamy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Karbe Y, Pollscheit J, Glaubitz N, Horstkorte R, Bork K. Phosphorylation of serine 774 of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is involved in the interaction with collapsin response mediator protein-2. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1229-35. [PMID: 23377853 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-0973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM is a major adhesion receptor involved in the development and regeneration of the nervous system. It is expressed in three major isoforms of which two have large intracellular domains of different lengths (NCAM140 and NCAM180). Several intracellular ligands of NCAM have been described. One of them is the collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2), which is known to be involved in cell differentiation and axonal growth. The cytoplasmic domains of NCAM contain up to 49 phosphorylation sites and it has been demonstrated recently that the phosphorylation of serine 774 is crucial for NCAM-mediated signal transduction and neurite outgrowth. Here we analyzed the interaction of NCAM with CRMP-2 in more detail using a biochemical approach. We found that CRMP-2 binds specifically to NCAM180 in a sequence between amino acid 788 and 819. In addition we could demonstrate that serine 774, which has been shown previously to be phosphorylated and involved in neurite outgrowth, is also important for the interaction of CRMP-2 with NCAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Karbe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystr. 1, 06114 Halle, Germany
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15
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Khanna R, Wilson SM, Brittain JM, Weimer J, Sultana R, Butterfield A, Hensley K. Opening Pandora's jar: a primer on the putative roles of CRMP2 in a panoply of neurodegenerative, sensory and motor neuron, and central disorders. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2012; 7:749-771. [PMID: 23308041 DOI: 10.2217/fnl.12.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
CRMP2, also known as DPYSL2/DRP2, Unc-33, Ulip or TUC2, is a cytosolic phosphoprotein that mediates axon/dendrite specification and axonal growth. Mapping the CRMP2 interactome has revealed previously unappreciated functions subserved by this protein. Together with its canonical roles in neurite growth and retraction and kinesin-dependent axonal transport, it is now known that CRMP2 interacts with numerous binding partners to affect microtubule dynamics; protein endocytosis and vesicular cycling, synaptic assembly, calcium channel regulation and neurotransmitter release. CRMP2 signaling is regulated by post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, oxidation, proteolysis and phosphorylation; the latter being a fulcrum of CRMP2 functions. Here, the putative roles of CRMP2 in a panoply of neurodegenerative, sensory and motor neuron, and central disorders are discussed and evidence is presented for therapeutic strategies targeting CRMP2 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Khanna
- Program in Medical Neurosciences, Paul & Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA ; Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA ; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA ; Sophia Therapeutics LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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16
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Myllykoski M, Itoh K, Kangas SM, Heape AM, Kang SU, Lubec G, Kursula I, Kursula P. The N-terminal domain of the myelin enzyme 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase: direct molecular interaction with the calcium sensor calmodulin. J Neurochem 2012; 123:515-24. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Myllykoski
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Biocenter Oulu; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - Kouichi Itoh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences; Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokushima Bunri University; Sanuki-city Kagawa Japan
| | | | | | - Sung-Ung Kang
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Inari Kursula
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Department of Chemistry; University of Hamburg and CSSB-HZI; DESY; Hamburg Germany
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Biocenter Oulu; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Department of Chemistry; University of Hamburg and CSSB-HZI; DESY; Hamburg Germany
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17
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Taghian K, Lee JY, Petratos S. Phosphorylation and cleavage of the family of collapsin response mediator proteins may play a central role in neurodegeneration after CNS trauma. J Neurotrauma 2012; 29:1728-35. [PMID: 22181040 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of the collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) plays a significant physiological role in neuronal cell bodies and axons within the integrated mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Trauma-induced damage to the CNS results in variable degrees of axonal degeneration, and this may lead to neuronal cell death in key grey matter regions. Site-specific phosphorylation of certain CRMPs has been associated with trauma-induced axonal degeneration. Moreover, recent data implicate the pro-apoptotic, calcium-dependent protease calpain as a key initiator of CRMP cleavage. The primary cleavage product of injury-induced neuronal calpain activation is a C-terminus truncated 55- to 58-kDa form of CRMP, which may exert its effects within the cytoplasm and axonal core, or alternatively through its translocation into the nucleus, initiating neuronal cell death. The precise structure of cleaved CRMP has yet to be elucidated, as is the reason for nuclear translocation. Once the crystal structure of the cytoplasmic and nuclear-translocated forms of CRMPs is determined, a greater molecular understanding of why these forms can initiate neurodegeneration following CNS injury will be established. Such information will be particularly informative in the design of inhibitors of specific protein-protein interaction sites between cleaved CRMP and vital cytosolic or nuclear molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Taghian
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Survey of the 2009 commercial optical biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2012; 24:892-914. [PMID: 22038797 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We took a different approach to reviewing the commercial biosensor literature this year by inviting 22 biosensor users to serve as a review committee. They set the criteria for what to expect in a publication and ultimately decided to use a pass/fail system for selecting which papers to include in this year's reference list. Of the 1514 publications in 2009 that reported using commercially available optical biosensor technology, only 20% passed their cutoff. The most common criticism the reviewers had with the literature was that "the biosensor experiments could have been done better." They selected 10 papers to highlight good experimental technique, data presentation, and unique applications of the technology. This communal review process was educational for everyone involved and one we will not soon forget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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19
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Huber RJ, Suarez A, O'Day DH. CyrA, a matricellular protein that modulates cell motility in Dictyostelium discoideum. Matrix Biol 2012; 31:271-80. [PMID: 22391412 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CyrA, an extracellular matrix (slime sheath), calmodulin (CaM)-binding protein in Dictyostelium discoideum, possesses four tandem EGF-like repeats in its C-terminus and is proteolytically cleaved during asexual development. A previous study reported the expression and localization of CyrA cleavage products CyrA-C45 and CyrA-C40. In this study, an N-terminal antibody was produced that detected the full-length 63kDa protein (CyrA-C63). Western blot analyses showed that the intracellular expression of CyrA-C63 peaked between 12 and 16h of development, consistent with the time that cells are developing into a motile, multicellular slug. CyrA immunolocalization and CyrA-GFP showed that the protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, particularly its perinuclear component. CyrA-C63 secretion began shortly after the onset of starvation peaking between 8 and 16h of development. A pharmacological analysis showed that CyrA-C63 secretion was dependent on intracellular Ca(2+) release and active CaM, PI3K, and PLA2. CyrA-C63 bound to CaM both intra- and extracellularly and both proteins were detected in the slime sheath deposited by migrating slugs. In keeping with its purported function, CyrA-GFP over-expression enhanced cAMP-mediated chemotaxis and CyrA-C45 was detected in vinculin B (VinB)-GFP immunoprecipitates, thus providing a link between the increase in chemotaxis and a specific cytoskeletal component. Finally, DdEGFL1-FITC was detected on the membranes of cells capped with concanavalin A suggesting that a receptor exists for this peptide sequence. Together with previous studies, the data presented here suggests that CyrA is a bona fide matricellular protein in D. discoideum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G5.
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20
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Brittain JM, Chen L, Wilson SM, Brustovetsky T, Gao X, Ashpole NM, Molosh AI, You H, Hudmon A, Shekhar A, White FA, Zamponi GW, Brustovetsky N, Chen J, Khanna R. Neuroprotection against traumatic brain injury by a peptide derived from the collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). J Biol Chem 2011; 286:37778-92. [PMID: 21832084 PMCID: PMC3199520 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.255455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disabilities following traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be due to excitotoxic neuronal loss. The excitotoxic loss of neurons following TBI occurs largely due to hyperactivation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), leading to toxic levels of intracellular Ca(2+). The axon guidance and outgrowth protein collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) has been linked to NMDAR trafficking and may be involved in neuronal survival following excitotoxicity. Lentivirus-mediated CRMP2 knockdown or treatment with a CRMP2 peptide fused to HIV TAT protein (TAT-CBD3) blocked neuronal death following glutamate exposure probably via blunting toxicity from delayed calcium deregulation. Application of TAT-CBD3 attenuated postsynaptic NMDAR-mediated currents in cortical slices. In exploring modulation of NMDARs by TAT-CBD3, we found that TAT-CBD3 induced NR2B internalization in dendritic spines without altering somal NR2B surface expression. Furthermore, TAT-CBD3 reduced NMDA-mediated Ca(2+) influx and currents in cultured neurons. Systemic administration of TAT-CBD3 following a controlled cortical impact model of TBI decreased hippocampal neuronal death. These findings support TAT-CBD3 as a novel neuroprotective agent that may increase neuronal survival following injury by reducing surface expression of dendritic NR2B receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Brittain
- From the Program in Medical Neurosciences, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute and
| | | | - Sarah M. Wilson
- From the Program in Medical Neurosciences, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute and
| | | | - Xiang Gao
- the Departments of Neurological Surgery
| | - Nicole M. Ashpole
- From the Program in Medical Neurosciences, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute and
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | - Haitao You
- the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Andy Hudmon
- From the Program in Medical Neurosciences, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute and
- Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Anantha Shekhar
- Psychiatry, and
- the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, and
| | - Fletcher A. White
- From the Program in Medical Neurosciences, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute and
- Anesthesia
- the Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Group, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 and
| | - Gerald W. Zamponi
- the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nickolay Brustovetsky
- From the Program in Medical Neurosciences, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute and
- Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Jinhui Chen
- From the Program in Medical Neurosciences, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute and
- the Departments of Neurological Surgery
- the Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Group, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 and
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- From the Program in Medical Neurosciences, Paul and Carole Stark Neurosciences Research Institute and
- Pharmacology and Toxicology
- the Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Group, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 and
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Wang Y, Brittain JM, Wilson SM, Khanna R. Emerging roles of collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) as regulators of voltage-gated calcium channels and synaptic transmission. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 3:172-5. [PMID: 20585514 DOI: 10.4161/cib.3.2.10620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic N-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (Cav2.2) form part of an extensive macromolecular complex in the presynaptic terminal. Regulation of Cav2.2 is achieved via protein-protein interactions within the terminal and can directly impact transmitter release which is dependent on Ca(2+) influx via these Cav2.2. We recently identified a novel Cav2.2 interacting partner-the collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP).1 CRMPs are a family of five proteins implicated in signal transduction of neurite outgrowth and axonal guidance. We showed that CRMP-2, a wellstudied member of this family, interacted with Cav2.2 via direct binding to cytoplasmic loops of Cav2.2. Depolarization enhanced the interaction. Further studies revealed that CRMP-2 facilitated an increase in Cav2.2 current density by inserting more Cav2.2 at the cell surface. As a consequence of CRMP-2-mediated increase in Ca(2+) influx, release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate was also increased. CRMP-2 localized to synapses where, surprisingly, its overexpression increased synapse size. We hypothesize that the CRMP-2-calcium channel interaction represents a novel mechanism for modulation of Ca(2+) influx into nerve terminals and, hence, of synaptic strength. In this addendum, we further discuss the significance of this study and the possible implications to the field.
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22
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Suarez A, Huber RJ, Myre MA, O'Day DH. An extracellular matrix, calmodulin-binding protein from Dictyostelium with EGF-like repeats that enhance cell motility. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1197-206. [PMID: 21402150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CyrA is a novel cysteine-rich protein with four EGFL repeats that was isolated using the calmodulin (CaM) binding overlay technique (CaMBOT), suggesting it is a CaM-binding protein (CaMBP). The full-length 63kDa cyrA is cleaved into two major C-terminal fragments, cyrA-C45 and cyrA-C40. A putative CaM-binding domain was detected and both CaM-agarose binding and CaM immunoprecipitation verified that cyrA-C45 and cyrA-C40 each bind to CaM in both a Ca(2+)-dependent and -independent manner. cyrA-C45 was present continuously throughout growth and development but was secreted at high levels during the multicellular slug stage of Dictyostelium development. At this time, cyrA localizes to the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM purification verified the presence of cyrA-C45. An 18 amino acid peptide (DdEGFL1) from the first EGFL repeat sequence of cyrA (EGFL1) that is present in both cyrA-C45 and -C40 enhances both random cell motility and cAMP-mediated chemotaxis. Here we reveal that the dose-dependent enhancement of motility by DdEGFL1 is related to the time of cell starvation. Addition of DdEGFL1 also inhibits cyrA proteolysis. The status of cyrA as an extracellular CaMBP was further clarified by the demonstration that CaM is secreted during development. Antagonism of CaM with W7 resulted in enhanced cyrA proteolysis suggesting a functional role for extracellular CaM in protecting CaMBPs from proteolysis. cyrA is the first extracellular CaMBP identified in Dictyostelium and since it is an ECM protein with EGF-like repeats that enhance cell motility and it likely also represents the first matricellular protein identified in a lower eukaryote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Suarez
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Mileusnic R, Rose SPR. The memory enhancing effect of the APP-derived tripeptide Ac-rER is mediated through CRMP2. J Neurochem 2011; 118:616-25. [PMID: 21255016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diasteromeric (D/L) form of the acetylated tripeptide rER (NH2-D-arg-L-glu-D-arg-COOH), derived from the external domain of amyloid precursor protein, protects against amyloid-β induced memory loss for a passive avoidance task in young chicks and enhances retention for a weak version of the task when injected peripherally up to 12 h prior to training. The tripeptide readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, binds to receptor sites in the brain and is without adverse effects on general behaviour. The mechanisms of its action are unknown, as are its target molecules/pathways. Here, we report the binding partners for Ac-rER are collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), syntaxin binding protein 1 and heat shock protein 70. Behavioural studies of the effects of Ac-rER on memory retention confirmed that the effect of Ac-rER is mediated via CRMP2, as anti-CRMP2 antibodies if injected intracranially 30 min pre-training, induced amnesia for the passive avoidance task. However, Ac-rER, if injected prior to the anti-CRMP2, rescues the memory deficits induced by anti-CRMP2 antibodies. As CRMP2 is placed at the junction of many different cellular processes during brain development and in adult neuronal plasticity as well as being implicated in Alzheimer's disease, this strengthens the claim that Ac-rER may be a potential therapeutic agent in Alzheimer's disease, although its precise mode of action remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Mileusnic
- Department of Life Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
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Collapsin response mediator protein-2: an emerging pathologic feature and therapeutic target for neurodisease indications. Mol Neurobiol 2011; 43:180-91. [PMID: 21271304 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein-2 (DPYSL2 or CRMP2) is a multifunctional adaptor protein within the central nervous system. In the developing brain or cell cultures, CRMP2 performs structural and regulatory functions related to cytoskeletal dynamics, vesicle trafficking and synaptic physiology whereas CRMP2 functions in adult brain are still being elucidated. CRMP2 has been associated with several neuropathologic or psychiatric conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia, either at the level of genetic polymorphisms; protein expression; post-translational modifications; or protein/protein interactions. In AD, CRMP2 is phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and cyclin dependent protein kinase-5 (CDK5), the same kinases that act on tau protein in generating neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Phosphorylated CRMP2 collects in NFTs in association with the synaptic structure-regulating SRA1/WAVE1 (specifically Rac1-associated protein-1/WASP family verprolin-homologous protein-1) complex. This phenomenon could plausibly contribute to deficits in neural and synaptic structure that have been well documented in AD. This review discusses the essential biology of CRMP2 in the context of nascent data implicating CRMP2 perturbations as either a correlate of, or plausible contributor to, diverse neuropathologies. A discussion is made of recent findings that the atypical antidepressant tianeptine increases CRMP2 expression, whereas other, neuroactive small molecules including the epilepsy drug lacosamide and the natural brain metabolite lanthionine ketimine appear to bind CRMP2 directly with concomitant affects on neural structure. These findings constitute proofs-of-concept that pharmacological manipulation of CRMP2 is possible and hence, may offer new opportunities for therapy development against certain neurological diseases.
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