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Nawaz T, Gu L, Gibbons J, Hu Z, Zhou R. Bridging Nature and Engineering: Protein-Derived Materials for Bio-Inspired Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:373. [PMID: 38921253 PMCID: PMC11201842 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The sophisticated, elegant protein-polymers designed by nature can serve as inspiration to redesign and biomanufacture protein-based materials using synthetic biology. Historically, petro-based polymeric materials have dominated industrial activities, consequently transforming our way of living. While this benefits humans, the fabrication and disposal of these materials causes environmental sustainability challenges. Fortunately, protein-based biopolymers can compete with and potentially surpass the performance of petro-based polymers because they can be biologically produced and degraded in an environmentally friendly fashion. This paper reviews four groups of protein-based polymers, including fibrous proteins (collagen, silk fibroin, fibrillin, and keratin), elastomeric proteins (elastin, resilin, and wheat glutenin), adhesive/matrix proteins (spongin and conchiolin), and cyanophycin. We discuss the connection between protein sequence, structure, function, and biomimetic applications. Protein engineering techniques, such as directed evolution and rational design, can be used to improve the functionality of natural protein-based materials. For example, the inclusion of specific protein domains, particularly those observed in structural proteins, such as silk and collagen, enables the creation of novel biomimetic materials with exceptional mechanical properties and adaptability. This review also discusses recent advancements in the production and application of new protein-based materials through the approach of synthetic biology combined biomimetics, providing insight for future research and development of cutting-edge bio-inspired products. Protein-based polymers that utilize nature's designs as a base, then modified by advancements at the intersection of biology and engineering, may provide mankind with more sustainable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taufiq Nawaz
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
| | - Liping Gu
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
| | | | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
| | - Ruanbao Zhou
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
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2
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Wu D, Koscic A, Schneider S, Dubini RCA, Rodriguez Camargo DC, Schneider S, Rovó P. Unveiling the Dynamic Self-Assembly of a Recombinant Dragline-Silk-Mimicking Protein. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1759-1774. [PMID: 38343096 PMCID: PMC10934265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the considerable interest in the recombinant production of synthetic spider silk fibers that possess mechanical properties similar to those of native spider silks, such as the cost-effectiveness, tunability, and scalability realization, is still lacking. To address this long-standing challenge, we have constructed an artificial spider silk gene using Golden Gate assembly for the recombinant bacterial production of dragline-mimicking silk, incorporating all the essential components: the N-terminal domain, a 33-residue-long major-ampullate-spidroin-inspired segment repeated 16 times, and the C-terminal domain (N16C). This designed silk-like protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and cast into films from formic acid. We produced uniformly 13C-15N-labeled N16C films and employed solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for characterization. Thus, we could demonstrate that our bioengineered silk-like protein self-assembles into a film where, when hydrated, the solvent-exposed layer of the rigid, β-nanocrystalline polyalanine core undergoes a transition to an α-helical structure, gaining mobility to the extent that it fully dissolves in water and transforms into a highly dynamic random coil. This hydration-induced behavior induces chain dynamics in the glycine-rich amorphous soft segments on the microsecond time scale, contributing to the elasticity of the solid material. Our findings not only reveal the presence of structurally and dynamically distinct segments within the film's superstructure but also highlight the complexity of the self-organization responsible for the exceptional mechanical properties observed in proteins that mimic dragline silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Anamaria Koscic
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Romeo C. A. Dubini
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Center
for Nanoscience (CeNS), Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Diana C. Rodriguez Camargo
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Rovó
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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3
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Wilczek G, Surmiak-Stalmach K, Morenc M, Niemiec-Cyganek A, Rost-Roszkowska M, Karcz J, Skowronek M. The effect of ingested copper on the structural and cytotoxic properties of Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) spider silk. ZOOLOGY 2024; 162:126143. [PMID: 38218003 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2024.126143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Spiders, assigned to macroconcentrators of heavy metals, are particularly threatened by the toxic effects of these chemicals. Until now, it has not been specified to what extent metals alter the processes proceeding in silk glands and if such changes could consequently influence the chemical and structural properties of the spun web threads. In the present study selected biological properties of Steatoda grossa (Theridiidae) silk yarn after nutritional exposure to copper at sublethal doses (0.234 mM CuSO4) were assessed. It was determined both changes in ultrastructure of ampullate glands and hunting web's architecture as well the cytotoxic effect in model cells (fibroblasts: line ATCC® CCL-1 NCTC clone 929), that were in contact with the analyzed biomaterial. The exposure of spiders to copper caused the occurrence of apoptotic cells in the ampullate glands as well as a significant reduction in the diameter of single fibers in double and multiple connection complexes as compared with control. At both 24 and 72 h of incubation, intensification of apoptotic and necrotic processes was observed in the fibroblast cultures that were remaining in indirect contact with the webs produced by copper-contaminated individuals. In the case of fibroblasts in direct contact with silk from the copper group, a clear cytotoxic effect resulting in an increased frequency of necrosis was observed after 72 h of incubation. The results indicated that copper may change the biological properties of spider silk and compromise its biomaterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Wilczek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Kinga Surmiak-Stalmach
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Morenc
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; Prof. Zbigniew Religa Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development, Wolności 345a, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jagna Karcz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skowronek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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4
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Mu P, Zhang S, Zhang H, Li J, Liu Z, Dong S, Cui G. A Spidroin-Inspired Hierarchical-Structure Binder Achieves Highly Integrated Silicon-Based Electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303312. [PMID: 37470468 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
As a promising component for next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries, silicon-based electrodes have attracted increasing attention by virtue of their ultrahigh theoretical specific capacities. Nevertheless, fast capacity fading posed by tremendous silicon-based electrode volume changes during cycling remains a huge challenge before large-scale applications. In this work, an aqueous-oil binary solution based blend (AOB) binder characterized by a spidroin-like hierarchical structure for tolerating the huge volume changes of silicon-based electrodes is developed. In the AOB binder, the polymer, containing hydrophobic tetrazole groups, denoted as PPB, and the water-soluble amorphous poly(acrylic acid), mimick the β-sheet and α-helix structure of spidroin, respectively. Benefitting from such biomimetic design, the AOB binder enables both high tensile strength and elasticity, and strong electrode adhesion, therefore apparently stabilizing the silicon-based electrode structure and rendering prolonged electrode cycle life. Such a strategy endows 3.3 Ah soft package cells assembled with Si/C composite anode and NCM811 cathode with a discharge specific capacity of 2.92 Ah after 700 cycles. This work marks a milestone in developing state-of-the-art silicon-based electrodes toward high-energy-density lithium-battery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhou Mu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Huanrui Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Jiedong Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Shanmu Dong
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
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5
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Uchida N, Muraoka T. Self-assembling materials functionalizing bio-interfaces of phospholipid membranes and extracellular matrices. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9687-9697. [PMID: 37440181 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01875j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
This Feature Article focuses on recent studies on the development of self-assembling materials that mimic and control dynamic bio-interfaces. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental tissue at the cellular interface constructed by networks of fibrous proteins, which regulates a variety of cellular activities. Reconstruction of ECM has been demonstrated by self-assembling peptides. By combining the dynamic properties of the self-assembling peptides conjugated with full-length proteins, peptide-based supramolecular materials enable neuronal migration and regeneration of injured neural tissue. The phospholipid bilayer is the main component of the cell membrane. The morphology and deformation of the phospholipid bilayer relate directly to dynamic interfacial functions. Stabilization of the phospholipid nanosheet structure has been demonstrated by self-assembling peptides, and the stabilized bicelle is functional for extended blood circulation. By using a photo-responsive synthetic surfactant showing a mechanical opening/closing motion, endocytosis-like outside-in membrane deformation is triggered. The outside-in deformation allows for efficient encapsulation of micrometer-size substances such as phage viruses into the liposomes, and the encapsulated viruses can be delivered to multiple organs in a living body via blood administration. These supramolecular approaches to mimicking and controlling bio-interfaces present powerful ways to develop unprecedented regenerative medicines and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takahiro Muraoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan.
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
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6
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Simmons JR, Gasmi-Seabrook G, Rainey JK. Structural features, intrinsic disorder, and modularity of a pyriform spidroin 1 core repetitive domain. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:271-283. [PMID: 36802452 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Orb-weaving spiders produce up to seven silk types, each with distinct biological roles, protein compositions, and mechanics. Pyriform (or piriform) silk is composed of pyriform spidroin 1 (PySp1) and is the fibrillar component of attachment discs that attach webs to substrates and to each other. Here, we characterize the 234-residue repeat unit (the "Py unit") from the core repetitive domain of Argiope argentata PySp1. Solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based backbone chemical shift and dynamics analysis demonstrate a structured core flanked by disordered tails, structuring that is maintained in a tandem protein of two connected Py units, indicative of structural modularity of the Py unit in the context of the repetitive domain. Notably, AlphaFold2 predicts the Py unit structure with low confidence, echoing low confidence and poor agreement to the NMR-derived structure for the Argiope trifasciata aciniform spidroin (AcSp1) repeat unit. Rational truncation, validated through NMR spectroscopy, provided a 144-residue construct retaining the Py unit core fold, enabling near-complete backbone and side chain 1H, 13C, and 15N resonance assignment. A six α-helix globular core is inferred, flanked by regions of intrinsic disorder that would link helical bundles in tandem repeat proteins in a beads-on-a-string architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Simmons
- Department of Biochemistry& Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Jan K Rainey
- Department of Biochemistry& Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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7
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Novosadova EV, Dolotov OV, Novosadova LV, Davydova LI, Sidoruk KV, Arsenyeva EL, Shimchenko DM, Debabov VG, Bogush VG, Tarantul VZ. Composite Coatings Based on Recombinant Spidroins and Peptides with Motifs of the Extracellular Matrix Proteins Enhance Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Precursor Cells Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054871. [PMID: 36902300 PMCID: PMC10003142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The production and transplantation of functionally active human neurons is a promising approach to cell therapy. Biocompatible and biodegradable matrices that effectively promote the growth and directed differentiation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) into the desired neuronal types are very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of novel composite coatings (CCs) containing recombinant spidroins (RSs) rS1/9 and rS2/12 in combination with recombinant fused proteins (FP) carrying bioactive motifs (BAP) of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins for the growth of NPCs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and their differentiation into neurons. NPCs were produced by the directed differentiation of human iPSCs. The growth and differentiation of NPCs cultured on different CC variants were compared with a Matrigel (MG) coating using qPCR analysis, immunocytochemical staining, and ELISA. An investigation revealed that the use of CCs consisting of a mixture of two RSs and FPs with different peptide motifs of ECMs increased the efficiency of obtaining neurons differentiated from iPSCs compared to Matrigel. CC consisting of two RSs and FPs with Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) and heparin binding peptide (HBP) is the most effective for the support of NPCs and their neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V. Novosadova
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Oleg V. Dolotov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila V. Novosadova
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov I. Davydova
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V. Sidoruk
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena L. Arsenyeva
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya M. Shimchenko
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G. Debabov
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G. Bogush
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Z. Tarantul
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Muhammad R, Nah YC, Oh H. Spider silk-derived nanoporous activated carbon fiber for CO2 capture and CH4 and H2 storage. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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Recombinant Spider Silk Fiber with High Dimensional Stability in Water and Its NMR Characterization. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238479. [PMID: 36500566 PMCID: PMC9739919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spider dragline silk has unique characteristics of strength and extensibility, including supercontraction. When we use it as a biomaterial or material for textiles, it is important to suppress the effect of water on the fiber by as much as possible in order to maintain dimensional stability. In order to produce spider silk with a highly hydrophobic character, based on the sequence of ADF-3 silk, we produced recombinant silk (RSSP(VLI)) where all QQ sequences were replaced by VL, while single Q was replaced by I. The artificial RSSP(VLI) fiber was prepared using formic acid as the spinning solvent and methanol as the coagulant solvent. The dimensional stability and water absorption experiments of the fiber were performed for eight kinds of silk fiber. RSSP(VLI) fiber showed high dimensional stability, which is suitable for textiles. A remarkable decrease in the motion of the fiber in water was made evident by 13C solid-state NMR. This study using 13C solid-state NMR is the first trial to put spider silk to practical use and provide information regarding the molecular design of new recombinant spider silk materials with high dimensional stability in water, allowing recombinant spider silk proteins to be used in next-generation biomaterials and materials for textiles.
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10
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Sozzi E, Kajtez J, Bruzelius A, Wesseler MF, Nilsson F, Birtele M, Larsen NB, Ottosson DR, Storm P, Parmar M, Fiorenzano A. Silk scaffolding drives self-assembly of functional and mature human brain organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1023279. [PMID: 36313550 PMCID: PMC9614032 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1023279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are intrinsically able to self-organize into cerebral organoids that mimic features of developing human brain tissue. These three-dimensional structures provide a unique opportunity to generate cytoarchitecture and cell-cell interactions reminiscent of human brain complexity in a dish. However, current in vitro brain organoid methodologies often result in intra-organoid variability, limiting their use in recapitulating later developmental stages as well as in disease modeling and drug discovery. In addition, cell stress and hypoxia resulting from long-term culture lead to incomplete maturation and cell death within the inner core. Here, we used a recombinant silk microfiber network as a scaffold to drive hPSCs to self-arrange into engineered cerebral organoids. Silk scaffolding promoted neuroectoderm formation and reduced heterogeneity of cellular organization within individual organoids. Bulk and single cell transcriptomics confirmed that silk cerebral organoids display more homogeneous and functionally mature neuronal properties than organoids grown in the absence of silk scaffold. Furthermore, oxygen sensing analysis showed that silk scaffolds create more favorable growth and differentiation conditions by facilitating the delivery of oxygen and nutrients. The silk scaffolding strategy appears to reduce intra-organoid variability and enhances self-organization into functionally mature human brain organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Sozzi
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Janko Kajtez
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Bruzelius
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Regenerative Neurophysiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Milan Finn Wesseler
- Department of Health Technology (DTU Health Tech), Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcella Birtele
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niels B. Larsen
- Department of Health Technology (DTU Health Tech), Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniella Rylander Ottosson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Regenerative Neurophysiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Storm
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Parmar
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Fiorenzano
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Fiorenzano,
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11
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Johari N, Khodaei A, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Moroni L. Ancient fibrous biomaterials from silkworm protein fibroin and spider silk blends: Biomechanical patterns. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:38-67. [PMID: 36126911 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Silkworm silk protein fibroin and spider silk spidroin are known biocompatible and natural biodegradable polymers in biomedical applications. The presence of β-sheets in silk fibroin and spider spidroin conformation improves their mechanical properties. The strength and toughness of pure recombinant silkworm fibroin and spidroin are relatively low due to reduced molecular weight. Hence, blending is the foremost approach of recent studies to optimize silk fibroin and spidroin's mechanical properties. As summarised in the present review, numerous research investigations evaluate the blending of natural and synthetic polymers. The effects of blending silk fibroin and spidroin with natural and synthetic polymers on the mechanical properties are discussed in this review article. Indeed, combining natural and synthetic polymers with silk fibroin and spidroin changes their conformation and structure, fine-tuning the blends' mechanical properties. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Silkworm and spider silk proteins (silk fibroin and spidroin) are biocompatible and biodegradable natural polymers having different types of biomedical applications. Their mechanical and biological properties may be tuned through various strategies such as blending, conjugating and cross-linking. Blending is the most common method to modify fibroin and spidroin properties on demand, this review article aims to categorize and evaluate the effects of blending fibroin and spidroin with different natural and synthetic polymers. Increased polarity and hydrophilicity end to hydrogen bonding triggered conformational change in fibroin and spidroin blends. The effect of polarity and hydrophilicity of the blending compound is discussed and categorized to a combinatorial, synergistic and indirect impacts. This outlook guides us to choose the blending compounds mindfully as this mixing affects the biochemical and biophysical characteristics of the biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Johari
- Materials Engineering group, Golpayegan College of Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Golpayegan, Iran.
| | - Azin Khodaei
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ali Samadikuchaksaraei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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12
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Bergmann F, Stadlmayr S, Millesi F, Zeitlinger M, Naghilou A, Radtke C. The properties of native Trichonephila dragline silk and its biomedical applications. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213089. [PMID: 36037764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spider silk has fascinated mankind for millennia, but it is only in recent decades that scientific research has begun to unravel all its characteristics and applications. The uniqueness of spider silk resides in its versatility, in which a combination of high strength and extensibility results in extraordinary toughness, superior to almost all natural and man-made fibers. Dragline silk consists of proteins with highly repetitive amino acid sequences, which have been correlated with specific secondary structures responsible for its physical properties. The native fiber also shows high cytocompatibility coupled with low immunogenicity, making it a promising natural biomaterial for numerous biomedical applications. Recently, novel technologies have enabled new insights into the material and biomedical properties of silk. Due to the increasing interest in spider silk, as well as the desire to produce synthetic alternatives, we present an update on the current knowledge of silk fibers produced by the spider genus Trichonephila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bergmann
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Stadlmayr
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Flavia Millesi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aida Naghilou
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Tong C, Wei G, Ding F, Sun Y. Molecular Insights into the Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer Suckerin Polypeptides into Nanoconfined β-Sheets. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202642. [PMID: 35901284 PMCID: PMC9420834 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Suckerin in squid sucker ring teeth is a block-copolymer peptide comprised of two repeating modules-the alanine and histidine-rich M1 and the glycine-rich M2. Suckerin self-assemblies display excellent thermo-plasticity and pH-responsive properties, along with the high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sustainability. However, the self-assembly mechanism and the detailed role of each module are still elusive, limiting the capability of applying and manipulating such biomaterials. Here, the self-assembly dynamics of the two modules and two minimalist suckerin-mimetic block-copolymers, M1-M2-M1 and M2-M1-M2, in silico is investigated. The simulation results demonstrate that M2 has a stronger self-association but weaker β-sheet propensities than M1. The high self-assembly propensity of M2 allows the minimalist block-copolymer peptides to coalesce with microphase separation, enabling the formation of nanoconfined β-sheets in the matrix formed by M1-M2 contacts. Since these glycine-rich fragments with scatted hydrophobic and aromatic residues are building blocks of many other block-copolymer peptides, the study suggests that these modules function as the "molecular glue" in addition to the flexible linker or spacer to drive the self-assembly and microphase separation. The uncovered molecular insights may help understand the structure and function of suckerin and also aid in the design of functional block-copolymer peptides for nanotechnology and biomedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Department of Physics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Physics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chaohui Tong
- Department of Physics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Guanghong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Yunxiang Sun
- Department of Physics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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14
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Asakura T, Matsuda H, Naito A, Abe Y. Formylation of Recombinant Spider Silk in Formic Acid and Wet Spinning Studied Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Infrared Spectroscopies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2390-2402. [PMID: 35532754 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We reported wet spinning of recombinant spider silk protein (RSSP) and formylation of RSSP in formic acid (FA). First, FA was selected as the spinning solvent and the detailed spinning condition was determined. Next, the mechanical property was compared between the RSSP fiber spun after allowing the spinning solution dissolved in FA to stand for 2 days and the fiber spun immediately after being dissolved in FA for 4 h. The tensile strength of the former fiber was lower than the strength of the latter fiber. This difference can be explained by the difference in the degree of formylation as follows. FA is a known formylating agent, although most researchers who prepared silk fiber by wet spinning with FA have not pointed out about formylation. The formylation of the Ser OH group was confirmed by 13C solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the time course of formylation of the RSSP film prepared from the FA solution was tracked by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The 13C solid-state NMR spectra were also compared between two kinds of the formylated RSSP fibers and indicated that the packing state was tighter for the latter fiber than the former one, which could explain higher tensile strength of the latter fiber in the dry state. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that the RSSP sample decomposed gradually with storage time in FA and the decomposition has begun partly even at 2 h after dissolution in FA. The decomposition by formylation seems to have no significant effect on the backbone structure of the RSSP fiber, although the packing of the fiber becomes loose as a whole. Finally, preliminary trial of deformylation of the formylated RSSP fiber was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Asakura
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hironori Matsuda
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Akira Naito
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yunoske Abe
- Spiber Inc., 234-1 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
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15
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Chan NJ, Lentz S, Gurr PA, Scheibel T, Qiao GG. Mimicry of silk utilizing synthetic polypeptides. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Asakura T, Matsuda H, Aoki A, Naito A. Acetylation and hydration treatment of recombinant spider silk fiber, and their characterization using 13C NMR spectroscopy. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Presence of β-Turn Structure in Recombinant Spider Silk Dissolved in Formic Acid Revealed with NMR. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020511. [PMID: 35056828 PMCID: PMC8778467 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Spider dragline silk is a biopolymer with excellent mechanical properties. The development of recombinant spider silk protein (RSP)-based materials with these properties is desirable. Formic acid (FA) is a spinning solvent for regenerated Bombyx mori silk fiber with excellent mechanical properties. To use FA as a spinning solvent for RSP with the sequence of major ampullate spider silk protein from Araneus diadematus, we determined the conformation of RSP in FA using solution NMR to determine the role of FA as a spinning solvent. We assigned 1H, 13C, and 15N chemical shifts to 32-residue repetitive sequences, including polyAla and Gly-rich regions of RSP. Chemical shift evaluation revealed that RSP is in mainly random coil conformation with partially type II β-turn structure in the Gly-Pro-Gly-X motifs of the Gly-rich region in FA, which was confirmed by the 15N NOE data. In addition, formylation at the Ser OH groups occurred in FA. Furthermore, we evaluated the conformation of the as-cast film of RSP dissolved in FA using solid-state NMR and found that β-sheet structure was predominantly formed.
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18
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Long Y, Cheng X, Tang Q, Chen L. The antigenicity of silk-based biomaterials: sources, influential factors and applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8365-8377. [PMID: 34542139 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00752a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Silk is an ancient material with essential roles in numerous biomedical applications, such as tissue regeneration and drug delivery, because of its excellent tunable mechanical properties and diverse physical structures. In addition to the necessary functionalities for biomedical applications, another critical factor for materials applied in biology is the appropriate immune interactions with the body. This review focuses on the immune responses of silk-based materials applied in biomedical applications, specifically antigenicity. The factors affecting the antigenicity of silk-based materials are complicated and are related to the composition and structural characteristics of the materials. At the same time, the composition of silk-based materials varies with its species sources, such as silkworms, spiders, honey bees, or engineered recombinant silk. Additionally, different processing methods are used to fabricate different material formats, such as films, hydrogels, scaffolds, particles, and fibers, resulting in different structural characteristics. Furthermore, the resulting body reactions are also different with different degrees of the immune response. Silk protein typically induces a mild immune response, and immunogenicity can play active roles in osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and protection from inflammation. However, there are some rare reports of severe immune responses caused by silk, which can result in an allergic response or tissue necrosis. The source of allergenicity in silk-based materials is currently under-studied and how to regulate and eliminate the overreaction of the immune system is essential for further applications. Overall, the diverse characteristics of silk-based materials mostly show beneficial bioresponses with mild immunogenicity, and the tunable properties make it applicable in immune-related biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Long
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. .,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xian Cheng
- Department of Dentistry - Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. .,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. .,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
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19
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Whittall DR, Baker KV, Breitling R, Takano E. Host Systems for the Production of Recombinant Spider Silk. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 39:560-573. [PMID: 33051051 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spider silk is renowned for its impressive mechanical properties. It is one of the strongest known biomaterials, possessing mechanical properties that outmatch both steel and Kevlar. However, the farming of spiders for their silk is unfeasible. Consequently, production of recombinant spider silk proteins (spidroins) in more amenable hosts is an exciting field of research. For large-scale production to be viable, a heterologous silk production system that is both highly efficient and cost effective is essential. Genes encoding recombinant spidroin have been expressed in bacterial, yeast, insect, and mammalian cells, in addition to many other platforms. This review discusses the recent advances in exploiting an increasingly diverse range of host platforms in the heterologous production of recombinant spidroins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic R Whittall
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Katherine V Baker
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Rainer Breitling
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Eriko Takano
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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20
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Bhattacharyya G, Oliveira P, Krishnaji ST, Chen D, Hinman M, Bell B, Harris TI, Ghazitabatabaei A, Lewis RV, Jones JA. Large scale production of synthetic spider silk proteins in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 183:105839. [PMID: 33746079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Spider silk, which has remarkable mechanical properties, is a natural protein fiber produced by spiders. Spiders cannot be farmed because of their cannibalistic and territorial nature. Hence, large amounts of spider silk cannot be produced from spiders. Genetic engineering is an alternative approach to produce large quantities of spider silk. Our group has produced synthetic spider silk proteins in E. coli to study structure/function and to produce biomaterials comparable to the silks produced by orb-weaving spiders. Here we give a detailed description of our cloning, expression, and purification methods of synthetic spider silk proteins ranging from ~30 to ~200 kDa. We have cloned the relevant genes of the spider Nephila clavipes and introduced them into bacteria to produce synthetic spider silk proteins using small and large-scale bioreactors. We have optimized the fermentation process, and we have developed protein purification methods as well. The purified proteins are spun into fibers and are used to make alternative materials like films and adhesives with various possible commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Utah, USA; Department of Chemistry, Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sreevidhya T Krishnaji
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Utah, USA; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Utah, USA
| | | | - Brianne Bell
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Utah, USA
| | | | | | | | - Justin A Jones
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Utah, USA.
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21
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Kucharczyk K, Kaczmarek K, Jozefczak A, Slachcinski M, Mackiewicz A, Dams-Kozlowska H. Hyperthermia treatment of cancer cells by the application of targeted silk/iron oxide composite spheres. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111654. [PMID: 33545822 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are one of the most extensively studied materials for theranostic applications. IONPs can be used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), delivery of therapeutics, and hyperthermia treatment. Silk is a biocompatible material and can be used for biomedical applications. Previously, we produced spheres made of H2.1MS1 bioengineered silk that specifically carried a drug to the Her2-overexpressing cancer cells. To confer biocompatibility and targeting properties to IONPs, we blended these particles with bioengineered spider silks. Three bioengineered silks (MS1Fe1, MS1Fe2, and MS1Fe1Fe2) functionalized with the adhesion peptides F1 and F2, were constructed and investigated to form the composite spheres with IONPs carrying a positive or negative charge. Due to its highest IONP content, MS1Fe1 silk was used to produce spheres from the H2.1MS1:MS1Fe silk blend to obtain a carrier with cell-targeting properties. Composite H2.1MS1:MS1Fe1/IONP spheres made of silks blended at different ratios were obtained. Although the increased content of MS1Fe1 silk in particles resulted in an increased affinity of the spheres to IONPs, it decreased the binding of the composite particles to cancer cells. The H2.1MS1:MS1Fe1 particles prepared at a ratio of 8:2 and loaded with IONPs exhibited the ability to bind to the targeted cancer cells similar to the control spheres without IONPs. Moreover, when exposed to the alternating magnetic field, these particles generated 2.5 times higher heat. They caused an almost three times higher percentage of apoptosis in cancer cells than the control particles. The blending of silks enabled the generation of cancer-targeting spheres with a high affinity for iron oxide nanoparticles, which can be used for anti-cancer hyperthermia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kucharczyk
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarek
- Chair of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Jozefczak
- Chair of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Slachcinski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland.
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22
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Functionalization of amyloid fibrils via the Bri2 BRICHOS domain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21765. [PMID: 33303867 PMCID: PMC7730125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are mechanically robust and partly resistant to proteolytic degradation, making them potential candidates for scaffold materials in cell culture, tissue engineering, drug delivery and other applications. Such applications of amyloids would benefit from the possibility to functionalize the fibrils, for example by adding growth factors or cell attachment sites. The BRICHOS domain is found in a family of human proteins that harbor particularly amyloid-prone regions and can reduce aggregation as well as toxicity of several different amyloidogenic peptides. Recombinant human (rh) BRICHOS domains have been shown to bind to the surface of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils by immune electron microscopy. Here we produce fusion proteins between mCherry and rh Bri2 BRICHOS and show that they can bind to different amyloid fibrils with retained fluorescence of mCherry in vitro as well as in cultured cells. This suggests a “generic” ability of the BRICHOS domain to bind fibrillar surfaces that can be used to synthesize amyloid decorated with different protein functionalities.
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23
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Wang J, Yuan W, Qin R, Fan T, Fan JS, Huang W, Yang D, Lin Z. Self-assembly of tubuliform spidroins driven by hydrophobic interactions among terminal domains. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1141-1148. [PMID: 33157141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Spider silk has remarkable physical and biocompatible properties. Investigation of structure-function relationship and self-assembly process of spidroins is necessary for uncovering the mechanism of silk fiber formation. Nevertheless, how the terminal domains initiate self-assembly of soluble tubuliform spidroins to form solid eggcase silk is still not fully understood. Here we investigate the roles of both terminal domains of tubuliform spidroin 1 (TuSp1) in the silk fiber formation. We found that interactions among the terminal domains drive rapid TuSp1 self-assembly and fiber formation, which is insensitive to pH changes from 6.0 to 7.0. These interactions also contribute to the spidroin chain alignment in fiber formation upon shear-force exposure. Structural analysis and site-directed mutagenesis identified eight critical surface-exposed residues involved in hydrophobic interactions among terminal domains. Spidroins with single-point mutations of these residues fail to form intermediate micelle-like structures. The structural docking model indicates that multiple terminal domains of TuSp1 may interact with each other based on hydrophobic interactions and surface complementarity, which may lead to forming the surface of the micelle-like structure. Our results provide new insights into the structural mechanism of eggcase silk formation and the basis for designing and producing novel biomaterials derived from spider eggcase silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wensu Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Tiantian Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jing-Song Fan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Weidong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, PR China
| | - Daiwen Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhi Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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24
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Chambre L, Martín-Moldes Z, Parker RN, Kaplan DL. Bioengineered elastin- and silk-biomaterials for drug and gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:186-198. [PMID: 33080258 PMCID: PMC7736173 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advances in medical science have led to diverse new therapeutic modalities, as well as enhanced understanding of the progression of various disease states. These findings facilitate the design and development of more customized and exquisite drug delivery systems that aim to improve therapeutic indices of drugs to treat a variety of conditions. Synthetic polymer-based drug carriers have often been the focus of such research. However, these structures suffer from challenges with heterogeneity of the starting material, limited chemical features, complex functionalization methods, and in some cases a lack of biocompatibility. Consequently, protein-based polymers have garnered much attention in recent years due to their monodisperse features, ease of production and functionalization, and biocompatibility. Genetic engineering techniques enable the advancement of protein-based drug delivery systems with finely tuned physicochemical properties, and thus an expanded level of customization unavailable with synthetic polymers. Of these genetically engineered proteins, elastin-like proteins (ELP), silk-like proteins (SLP), and silk-elastin-like proteins (SELP) provide a unique set of alternatives for designing drug delivery systems due to their inherent chemical and physical properties and ease of engineering afforded by recombinant DNA technologies. In this review we examine the advantages of genetically engineered drug delivery systems with emphasis on ELP and SLP constructions. Methods for fabrication and relevant biomedical applications will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chambre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Zaira Martín-Moldes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Rachael N Parker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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25
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Novel Highly Soluble Chimeric Recombinant Spidroins with High Yield. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186905. [PMID: 32962298 PMCID: PMC7554824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spider silk has been a hotspot in the study of biomaterials for more than two decades due to its outstanding mechanical properties. Given that spiders cannot be farmed, and their low silk productivity, many attempts have been made to produce recombinant spidroins as an alternative. Herein, we present novel chimeric recombinant spidroins composed of 1 to 4 repetitive units of aciniform spidroin (AcSp) flanked by the nonrepetitive N- and C-terminal domains of the minor ampullate spidroin (MiSp), all from Araneus ventricosus. The spidroins were expressed in the form of inclusion body in E. coli with high yield. Remarkably, the aqueous solubility of the four spidroins ranged from 13.4% to over 50% (m/v). The four spidroins could self-assemble into silk-like fibers by hand-drawing. The secondary structures of these proteins, determined by circular dichroism spectrum (CD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), indicated a prominent transformation from α-helix to β-sheet after fiber formation. The mechanical properties of the hand-drawn fibers showed a positive correlation with the spidroin molecular weight. In summary, this study describes promising biomaterials for further study and wide application.
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Expanding Canonical Spider Silk Properties through a DNA Combinatorial Approach. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163596. [PMID: 32823912 PMCID: PMC7475873 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The properties of native spider silk vary within and across species due to the presence of different genes containing conserved repetitive core domains encoding a variety of silk proteins. Previous studies seeking to understand the function and material properties of these domains focused primarily on the analysis of dragline silk proteins, MaSp1 and MaSp2. Our work seeks to broaden the mechanical properties of silk-based biomaterials by establishing two libraries containing genes from the repetitive core region of the native Latrodectus hesperus silk genome (Library A: genes masp1, masp2, tusp1, acsp1; Library B: genes acsp1, pysp1, misp1, flag). The expressed and purified proteins were analyzed through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR). Some of these new proteins revealed a higher portion of β-sheet content in recombinant proteins produced from gene constructs containing a combination of masp1/masp2 and acsp1/tusp1 genes than recombinant proteins which consisted solely of dragline silk genes (Library A). A higher portion of β-turn and random coil content was identified in recombinant proteins from pysp1 and flag genes (Library B). Mechanical characterization of selected proteins purified from Library A and Library B formed into films was assessed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and suggested Library A recombinant proteins had higher elastic moduli when compared to Library B recombinant proteins. Both libraries had higher elastic moduli when compared to native spider silk proteins. The preliminary approach demonstrated here suggests that repetitive core regions of the aforementioned genes can be used as building blocks for new silk-based biomaterials with varying mechanical properties.
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Greco G, Francis J, Arndt T, Schmuck B, G. Bäcklund F, Barth A, Johansson J, M. Pugno N, Rising A. Properties of Biomimetic Artificial Spider Silk Fibers Tuned by PostSpin Bath Incubation. Molecules 2020; 25:E3248. [PMID: 32708777 PMCID: PMC7397010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient production of artificial spider silk fibers with properties that match its natural counterpart has still not been achieved. Recently, a biomimetic process for spinning recombinant spider silk proteins (spidroins) was presented, in which important molecular mechanisms involved in native spider silk spinning were recapitulated. However, drawbacks of these fibers included inferior mechanical properties and problems with low resistance to aqueous environments. In this work, we show that ≥5 h incubation of the fibers, in a collection bath of 500 mM NaAc and 200 mM NaCl, at pH 5 results in fibers that do not dissolve in water or phosphate buffered saline, which implies that the fibers can be used for applications that involve wet/humid conditions. Furthermore, incubation in the collection bath improved the strain at break and was associated with increased β-sheet content, but did not affect the fiber morphology. In summary, we present a simple way to improve artificial spider silk fiber strain at break and resistance to aqueous solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Greco
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Juanita Francis
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (J.F.); (T.A.); (B.S.); (F.G.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Tina Arndt
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (J.F.); (T.A.); (B.S.); (F.G.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Benjamin Schmuck
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (J.F.); (T.A.); (B.S.); (F.G.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Fredrik G. Bäcklund
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (J.F.); (T.A.); (B.S.); (F.G.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Andreas Barth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (J.F.); (T.A.); (B.S.); (F.G.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Nicola M. Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy;
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Neo, 14186 Huddinge, Sweden; (J.F.); (T.A.); (B.S.); (F.G.B.); (J.J.)
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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Cai H, Chen G, Yu H, Tang Y, Xiong S, Qi X. One-step heating strategy for efficient solubilization of recombinant spider silk protein from inclusion bodies. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:37. [PMID: 32650749 PMCID: PMC7350728 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spider silk is a proteinaceous fiber with remarkable mechanical properties spun from spider silk proteins (spidroins). Engineering spidroins have been successfully produced in a variety of heterologous hosts and the most widely used expression system is Escherichia coli (E. coli). So far, recombinantly expressed spidroins often form insoluble inclusion bodies (IBs), which will often be dissolved under extremely harsh conditions in a traditional manner, e.g. either 8 mol/L urea or 6 mol/L guanidine hydrochloride, highly risking to poor recovery of bioactive proteins as well as unexpected precipitations during dialysis process. Results Here, we present a mild solubilization strategy—one-step heating method to solubilize spidroins from IBs, with combining spidroins’ high thermal stability with low concentration of urea. A 430-aa recombinant protein (designated as NM) derived from the minor ampullate spidroin of Araneus ventricosus was expressed in E. coli, and the recombinant proteins were mainly present in insoluble fraction as IBs. The isolated IBs were solubilized parallelly by both traditional urea-denatured method and one-step heating method, respectively. The solubilization efficiency of NM IBs in Tris-HCl pH 8.0 containing 4 mol/L urea by one-step heating method was already comparable to that of 7 mol/L urea with using traditional urea-denatured method. The effects of buffer, pH and temperature conditions on NM IBs solubilization of one-step heating method were evaluated, respectively, based on which the recommended conditions are: heating temperature 70–90 °C for 20 min, pH 7.0–10, urea concentration 2–4 mol/L in normal biological buffers. The recombinant NM generated via the one-step heating method held the potential functions with self-assembling into sphere nanoparticles with smooth morphology. Conclusions The one-step heating method introduced here efficiently solubilizes IBs under relatively mild conditions compared to the traditional ones, which might be important for the downstream applications; however, this protocol should be pursued carefully in terms of urea-induced modification sensitive applications. Further, this method can be applied under broad buffer, pH and temperature conditions, conferring the potential to apply to other thermal stable proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cai
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gefei Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 14157, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hairui Yu
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Tang
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sidong Xiong
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xingmei Qi
- The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Chakraborty R, Fan JS, Lai CC, Raghuvamsi PV, Chee PX, Anand GS, Yang D. Structural Basis of Oligomerization of N-Terminal Domain of Spider Aciniform Silk Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124466. [PMID: 32586030 PMCID: PMC7352312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spider silk is self-assembled from water-soluble silk proteins through changes in the environment, including pH, salt concentrations, and shear force. The N-terminal domains of major and minor ampullate silk proteins have been found to play an important role in the assembly process through salt- and pH-dependent dimerization. Here, we identified the sequences of the N-terminal domains of aciniform silk protein (AcSpN) and major ampullate silk protein (MaSpN) from Nephila antipodiana (NA). Different from MaSpN, our biophysical characterization indicated that AcSpN assembles to form large oligomers, instead of a dimer, upon condition changes from neutral to acidic pH and/or from a high to low salt concentration. Our structural studies, by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and homology modelling, revealed that AcSpN and MaSpN monomers adopt similar overall structures, but have very different charge distributions contributing to the differential self-association features. The intermolecular interaction interfaces for AcSp oligomers were identified using hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and mutagenesis. On the basis of the monomeric structure and identified interfaces, the oligomeric structures of AcSpN were modelled. The structural information obtained will facilitate an understanding of silk fiber formation mechanisms for aciniform silk protein.
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Abstract
Spider web proteins are unique materials created by nature that, considering the combination of their properties, do not have analogues among natural or human-created materials. Obtaining significant amounts of these proteins from natural sources is not feasible. Biotechnological manufacturing in heterological systems is complicated by the very high molecular weight of spidroins and their specific amino acid composition. Obtaining recombinant analogues of spidroins in heterological systems, mainly in bacteria and yeast, has become a compromise solution. Because they can self-assemble, these proteins can form various materials, such as fibers, films, 3D-foams, hydrogels, tubes, and microcapsules. The effectiveness of spidroin hydrogels in deep wound healing, as 3D scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration and as oriented fibers for axon growth and nerve tissue regeneration, was demonstrated in animal models. The possibility to use spidroin micro- and nanoparticles for drug delivery was demonstrated, including the use of modified spidroins for virus-free DNA delivery into animal cell nuclei. In the past few years, significant interest has arisen concerning the use of these materials as biocompatible and biodegradable soft optics to construct photonic crystal super lenses and fiber optics and as soft electronics to use in triboelectric nanogenerators. This review summarizes the latest achievements in the field of spidroin production, the creation of materials based on them, the study of these materials as a scaffold for the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of various types of cells, and the prospects for using these materials for medical applications (e.g., tissue engineering, drug delivery, coating medical devices), soft optics, and electronics. Accumulated data suggest the use of recombinant spidroins in medical practice in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Debabov
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" (NRC "Kurchatov Institute"-GOSNIIGENETIKA), Moscow 117545, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Bogush
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" (NRC "Kurchatov Institute"-GOSNIIGENETIKA), Moscow 117545, Russia
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Leem JW, Fraser MJ, Kim YL. Transgenic and Diet-Enhanced Silk Production for Reinforced Biomaterials: A Metamaterial Perspective. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2020; 22:79-102. [PMID: 32160010 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082719-032747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibers, which are protein-based biopolymers produced by spiders and silkworms, are fascinating biomaterials that have been extensively studied for numerous biomedical applications. Silk fibers often have remarkable physical and biological properties that typical synthetic materials do not exhibit. These attributes have prompted a wide variety of silk research, including genetic engineering, biotechnological synthesis, and bioinspired fiber spinning, to produce silk proteins on a large scale and to further enhance their properties. In this review, we describe the basic properties of spider silk and silkworm silk and the important production methods for silk proteins. We discuss recent advances in reinforced silk using silkworm transgenesis and functional additive diets with a focus on biomedical applications. We also explain that reinforced silk has an analogy with metamaterials such that user-designed atypical responses can be engineered beyond what naturally occurring materials offer. These insights into reinforced silk can guide better engineering of superior synthetic biomaterials and lead to discoveries of unexplored biological and medical applications of silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Leem
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Malcolm J Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Young L Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
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Gonska N, López PA, Lozano-Picazo P, Thorpe M, Guinea GV, Johansson J, Barth A, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Rising A. Structure-Function Relationship of Artificial Spider Silk Fibers Produced by Straining Flow Spinning. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2116-2124. [PMID: 32223220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The production of large quantities of artificial spider silk fibers that match the mechanical properties of the native material has turned out to be challenging. Recent advancements in the field make biomimetic spinning approaches an attractive way forward since they allow the spider silk proteins to assemble into the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures that are characteristic of the native silk fiber. Straining flow spinning (SFS) is a newly developed and versatile method that allows production under a wide range of processing conditions. Here, we use a recombinant spider silk protein that shows unprecedented water solubility and that is capable of native-like assembly, and we spin it into fibers by the SFS technique. We show that fibers may be spun using different hydrodynamical and chemical conditions and conclude that these spinning conditions affect fiber mechanics. In particular, it was found that the addition of acetonitrile and polyethylene glycol to the collection bath results in fibers with increased β-sheet content and improved mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gonska
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Box 7045, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patricia A López
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Tecnologı́a Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Paloma Lozano-Picazo
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Tecnologı́a Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Michael Thorpe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Box 7045, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustavo V Guinea
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Tecnologı́a Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Andreas Barth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Tecnologı́a Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Box 7045, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
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Poddar H, Breitling R, Takano E. Towards engineering and production of artificial spider silk using tools of synthetic biology. ENGINEERING BIOLOGY 2020; 4:1-6. [PMID: 36970229 PMCID: PMC9996717 DOI: 10.1049/enb.2019.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spider silk is one of the strongest biomaterials available in nature. Its mechanical properties make it a good candidate for applications in various fields ranging from protective armour to bandages for wound dressing to coatings for medical implants. Spider silk is formed by an intricate arrangement of spidroins, which are extremely large proteins containing long stretches of repeating segments rich in alanine and glycine. A large amount of research has been directed towards harnessing the spectacular potential of spider silks and using them for different applications. The interdisciplinary approach of synthetic biology is an ideal tool to study these spider silk proteins and work towards the engineering and production of synthetic spider silk. This review aims to highlight the recent progress that has been made in the study of spider silk proteins using different branches of synthetic biology. Here, the authors discuss the different computational approaches, directed evolution techniques and various expression platforms that have been tested for the successful production of spider silk. Future challenges facing the field and possible solutions offered by synthetic biology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashwardhan Poddar
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM The University of Manchester Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Rainer Breitling
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM The University of Manchester Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Eriko Takano
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre SYNBIOCHEM The University of Manchester Manchester M1 7DN UK
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Li H, Chen S, Piao S, An T, Wang C. Production of artificial synthetic spidroin gene 4S-transgenic cloned sheep embryos using somatic cell nuclear transfer. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 32:616-626. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1737098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- College of Life Science, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Shanhua Piao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Tiezhu An
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- College of Life Science, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
- College of Life Science, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
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35
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Güler R, Thatikonda N, Ghani HA, Hedhammar M, Löfblom J. VEGFR2-Specific Ligands Based on Affibody Molecules Demonstrate Agonistic Effects when Tetrameric in the Soluble Form or Immobilized via Spider Silk. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6474-6484. [PMID: 33417800 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to promote vascularization are being developed in order to improve long-term survival of artificial tissue constructs. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) has an important role in both pathological and physiological angiogenesis, mediated by binding to VEGF receptors (VEGFRs). In nature, signaling can be modulated by presentation of growth factors in either soluble form or bound to the extracellular matrix. Herein, a previously reported VEGFR2-binding antagonistic affibody heterodimer (di-ZVEGFR2) was formatted into a tetrameric construct (tetra-ZVEGFR2) with the intention of generating artificial agonistic ligands for VEGFR2 signaling. In vitro cell assays demonstrated that tetra-ZVEGFR2 induced VEGFR2 phosphorylation and increased cell proliferation, in contrast to di-ZVEGFR2. In order to simulate matrix-bound factors, both constructs were fused at the genetic level to a partial spider silk protein, 4RepCT. Assembly of the silk fusion proteins onto a solid surface was verified by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation analysis. Moreover, surface plasmon resonance studies demonstrated retained VEGFR2 binding ability of di-ZVEGFR2-silk and tetra-ZVEGFR2-silk after silk-mediated immobilization. Cell culture studies demonstrated that VEGFR2-overexpressing cells adhered to di-ZVEGFR2-silk and tetra-ZVEGFR2-silk and had activated VEGFR2 signaling. Altogether, we demonstrate the potential of especially tetra-ZVEGFR2-silk to promote angiogenesis in tissue-engineering applications. The results from the study also show that molecules can obtain completely new functions when presented on materials, and verifying the biological effects after functionalizing materials is thus always recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezan Güler
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naresh Thatikonda
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hawraa Ali Ghani
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Löfblom
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Dellaquila A, Greco G, Campodoni E, Mazzocchi M, Mazzolai B, Tampieri A, Pugno NM, Sandri M. Optimized production of a high‐performance hybrid biomaterial: biomineralized spider silk for bone tissue engineering. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Dellaquila
- ISTEC CNR—Institute of Science and Technology for CeramicsNational Research Council, Via Granarolo 64 Faenza 48018 Italy
| | - Gabriele Greco
- Laboratory of Bio‐inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Trento, Via Mesiano 77 Trento 38123 Italy
- Center for Micro‐BioRobotics@SSSAIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34 Pontedera I‐56025 Italy
| | - Elisabetta Campodoni
- ISTEC CNR—Institute of Science and Technology for CeramicsNational Research Council, Via Granarolo 64 Faenza 48018 Italy
| | - Mauro Mazzocchi
- ISTEC CNR—Institute of Science and Technology for CeramicsNational Research Council, Via Granarolo 64 Faenza 48018 Italy
| | - Barbara Mazzolai
- Center for Micro‐BioRobotics@SSSAIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34 Pontedera I‐56025 Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- ISTEC CNR—Institute of Science and Technology for CeramicsNational Research Council, Via Granarolo 64 Faenza 48018 Italy
| | - Nicola M. Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio‐inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Trento, Via Mesiano 77 Trento 38123 Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London United Kingdom
- Ket‐LabEdoardo Amaldi Foundation, Via del Politecnico snc Rome 00133 Italy
| | - Monica Sandri
- ISTEC CNR—Institute of Science and Technology for CeramicsNational Research Council, Via Granarolo 64 Faenza 48018 Italy
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Franco AR, Fernandes EM, Rodrigues MT, Rodrigues FJ, Gomes ME, Leonor IB, Kaplan DL, Reis RL. Antimicrobial coating of spider silk to prevent bacterial attachment on silk surgical sutures. Acta Biomater 2019; 99:236-246. [PMID: 31505301 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial infections from post-surgery or other medical-related procedure is a serious health problem. Nowadays, the research is focused on the development of new drug-free materials with antibacterial properties to prevent or minimize the risk of infections. Spider silk is known for its unique biomechanical properties allied with biocompatibility. Recombinant DNA technology allows to bioengineering spider silk with antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Thus, our goal was to bioengineered spider silk proteins with AMP (6mer-HNP1) as an antibacterial drug-free coating for commercial silk sutures (Perma-Hand®) for decreasing bacterial infections. Perma-Hand® sutures were coated with 6mer-HNP1 by dip coating. In vitro tests, using human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC5), showed that coated sutures sustained cell viability, and also, the contact with red blood cells (RBCs) demonstrate blood compatibility. Also, the coatings inhibited significantly the adherence and formation of biofilm, where sutures coated with 6mer-HNP1 produced a 1.5 log reduction of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and a 2 log reduction of Escherichia coli (E. coli) compared to the uncoated Perma-Hand® suture. The mechanical properties of Perma-Hand® sutures were not affected by the presence of bioengineered spider silk proteins. Thus, the present work demonstrated that using spider silk drug-free coatings it is possible to improve the antibacterial properties of the commercial sutures. Furthermore, a new class of drug-free sutures for reducing post-implantation infections can be developed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microbial infections from post-surgery or other medical-related procedure is a serious health problem. Developing new drug-free materials with antibacterial properties is an approach to prevent or minimize the risk of infections. Spider silk is known for its unique biomechanical properties allied with biocompatibility. Recombinant DNA technology allow to bioengineering spider silk with antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Our goal is bioengineered spider silk proteins with AMP as an antibacterial coating for silk sutures. The coatings showed exceptional antibacterial properties and maintained intrinsic mechanical features. In vitro studies showed a positive effect of the coated sutures on the cell behavior. With this new drug-free bioengineered spider silk coating is possible to develop a new class of drug-free sutures for reducing post-implantation infections.
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Harris TI, Paterson CA, Farjood F, Wadsworth ID, Caldwell L, Lewis RV, Jones JA, Vargis E. Utilizing Recombinant Spider Silk Proteins To Develop a Synthetic Bruch's Membrane for Modeling the Retinal Pigment Epithelium. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4023-4036. [PMID: 33448804 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spider silks are intriguing biomaterials that have a high potential as innovative biomedical processes and devices. The intent of this study was to evaluate the capacity of recombinant spider silk proteins (rSSps) as a synthetic Bruch's membrane. Nonporous silk membranes were prepared with comparable thicknesses (<10 μm) to that of native Bruch's membrane. Biomechanical characterization was performed prior to seeding cells. The ability of RPE cells (ARPE-19) to attach and grow on the membranes was then evaluated with bright-field and electron microscopy, intracellular DNA quantification, and immunocytochemical staining (ZO-1 and F-actin). Controls were cultured on permeable Transwell support membranes and characterized with the same methods. A size-dependent permeability assay, using FITC-dextran, was used to determine cell-membrane barrier function. Compared to Transwell controls, RPE cells cultured on rSSps membranes developed more native-like "cobblestone" morphologies, exhibited higher intracellular DNA content, and expressed key organizational proteins more consistently. Comparisons of the membranes to native structures revealed that the silk membranes exhibited equivalent thicknesses, biomechanical properties, and barrier functions. These findings support the use of recombinant spider silk proteins to model Bruch's membrane and develop more biomimetic retinal models.
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Jung D, Yang YJ, Cha HJ. Novel In Silico Analyses of Repetitive Spider Silk Sequences to Understand the Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Fibrous Protein Materials. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1900138. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dooyup Jung
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Yun Jung Yang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Korea
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Liu R, Hudalla GA. Using Self-Assembling Peptides to Integrate Biomolecules into Functional Supramolecular Biomaterials. Molecules 2019; 24:E1450. [PMID: 31013712 PMCID: PMC6514692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout nature, self-assembly gives rise to functional supramolecular biomaterials that can perform complex tasks with extraordinary efficiency and specificity. Inspired by these examples, self-assembly is increasingly used to fabricate synthetic supramolecular biomaterials for diverse applications in biomedicine and biotechnology. Peptides are particularly attractive as building blocks for these materials because they are based on naturally derived amino acids that are biocompatible and biodegradable; they can be synthesized using scalable and cost-effective methods, and their sequence can be tailored to encode formation of diverse architectures. To endow synthetic supramolecular biomaterials with functional capabilities, it is now commonplace to conjugate self-assembling building blocks to molecules having a desired functional property, such as selective recognition of a cell surface receptor or soluble protein, antigenicity, or enzymatic activity. This review surveys recent advances in using self-assembling peptides as handles to incorporate biologically active molecules into supramolecular biomaterials. Particular emphasis is placed on examples of functional nanofibers, nanovesicles, and other nano-scale structures that are fabricated by linking self-assembling peptides to proteins and carbohydrates. Collectively, this review highlights the enormous potential of these approaches to create supramolecular biomaterials with sophisticated functional capabilities that can be finely tuned to meet the needs of downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Liu
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Gregory A Hudalla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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dos Santos-Pinto JRA, Esteves FG, Sialana FJ, Ferro M, Smidak R, Rares LC, Nussbaumer T, Rattei T, Bilban M, Bacci Júnior M, Palma MS, Lübec G. A proteotranscriptomic study of silk-producing glands from the orb-weaving spiders. Mol Omics 2019; 15:256-270. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mo00087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A proteotranscriptomic approach provides a biochemical basis for understanding the intricate spinning process and complex structural features of spider silk proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franciele Grego Esteves
- Center of the Study of Social Insects
- Department of Biology
- Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro
- São Paulo State University
- Rio Claro
| | | | - Milene Ferro
- Center of the Study of Social Insects
- Department of Biology
- Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro
- São Paulo State University
- Rio Claro
| | - Roman Smidak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- Austria
| | - Lucaciu Calin Rares
- Division of Computational System Biology
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Thomas Nussbaumer
- Division of Computational System Biology
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Thomas Rattei
- Division of Computational System Biology
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Core Facility Genomics
- Medical University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Maurício Bacci Júnior
- Center of the Study of Social Insects
- Department of Biology
- Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro
- São Paulo State University
- Rio Claro
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Center of the Study of Social Insects
- Department of Biology
- Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro
- São Paulo State University
- Rio Claro
| | - Gert Lübec
- Paracelsus Medical University
- A 5020 Salzburg
- Austria
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Magaz A, Faroni A, Gough JE, Reid AJ, Li X, Blaker JJ. Bioactive Silk-Based Nerve Guidance Conduits for Augmenting Peripheral Nerve Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800308. [PMID: 30260575 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Repair of peripheral nerve injuries depends upon complex biology stemming from the manifold and challenging injury-healing processes of the peripheral nervous system. While surgical treatment options are available, they tend to be characterized by poor clinical outcomes for the injured patients. This is particularly apparent in the clinical management of a nerve gap whereby nerve autograft remains the best clinical option despite numerous limitations; in addition, effective repair becomes progressively more difficult with larger gaps. Nerve conduit strategies based on tissue engineering approaches and the use of silk as scaffolding material have attracted much attention in recent years to overcome these limitations and meet the clinical demand of large gap nerve repair. This review examines the scientific advances made with silk-based conduits for peripheral nerve repair. The focus is on enhancing bioactivity of the conduits in terms of physical guidance cues, inner wall and lumen modification, and imbuing novel conductive functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Magaz
- Bio‐Active Materials GroupSchool of MaterialsMSS TowerThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis, Way, Innovis #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Alessandro Faroni
- Blond McIndoe LaboratoriesDivision of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Julie E. Gough
- School of MaterialsThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Adam J. Reid
- Blond McIndoe LaboratoriesDivision of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Department of Plastic Surgery and BurnsWythenshawe HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M23 9LT UK
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis, Way, Innovis #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jonny J. Blaker
- Bio‐Active Materials GroupSchool of MaterialsMSS TowerThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
- School of MaterialsThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
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Hierarchical spidroin micellar nanoparticles as the fundamental precursors of spider silks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11507-11512. [PMID: 30348773 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810203115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many natural silks produced by spiders and insects are unique materials in their exceptional toughness and tensile strength, while being lightweight and biodegradable-properties that are currently unparalleled in synthetic materials. Myriad approaches have been attempted to prepare artificial silks from recombinant spider silk spidroins but have each failed to achieve the advantageous properties of the natural material. This is because of an incomplete understanding of the in vivo spidroin-to-fiber spinning process and, particularly, because of a lack of knowledge of the true morphological nature of spidroin nanostructures in the precursor dope solution and the mechanisms by which these nanostructures transform into micrometer-scale silk fibers. Herein we determine the physical form of the natural spidroin precursor nanostructures stored within spider glands that seed the formation of their silks and reveal the fundamental structural transformations that occur during the initial stages of extrusion en route to fiber formation. Using a combination of solution phase diffusion NMR and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), we reveal direct evidence that the concentrated spidroin proteins are stored in the silk glands of black widow spiders as complex, hierarchical nanoassemblies (∼300 nm diameter) that are composed of micellar subdomains, substructures that themselves are engaged in the initial nanoscale transformations that occur in response to shear. We find that the established micelle theory of silk fiber precursor storage is incomplete and that the first steps toward liquid crystalline organization during silk spinning involve the fibrillization of nanoscale hierarchical micelle subdomains.
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Dos Santos-Pinto JRA, Arcuri HA, Esteves FG, Palma MS, Lubec G. Spider silk proteome provides insight into the structural characterization of Nephila clavipes flagelliform spidroin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14674. [PMID: 30279551 PMCID: PMC6168590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The capture spiral of web from N. clavipes spider consists of a single type of spidroin - the flagelliform silk protein, a natural material representing a combination of strength and high elasticity. Flagelliform spider silk is the most extensible silk fibre produced by orb weaver spiders and the structure of this remarkable material is still largely unknown. In the present study we used a proteomic approach to elucidate the complete sequence and the post-translational modifications of flagelliform silk proteins. The long sequence of flagelliform silk protein presents 45 hydroxylated proline residues, which may contribute to explain the mechanoelastic property of these fibres, since they are located in the GPGGX motif. The 3D-structure of the protein was modelled considering the three domains together, i.e., the N- and C-terminal non-repetitive domains, and the central repetitive domain. In the resulting molecular model there is a predominance of random structures in the solid fibres of the silk protein. The N-terminal domain is composed of three α-helices and the C-terminal domain is composed of one small helical section. Proteomic data reported herein may be relevant for the development of novel approaches for the synthetic or recombinant production of novel silk-based spider polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto Aparecido Dos Santos-Pinto
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, 13500, Brazil
| | - Helen Andrade Arcuri
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, 13500, Brazil
| | - Franciele Grego Esteves
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, 13500, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, 13500, Brazil.
| | - Gert Lubec
- Paracelsus Medical University, A 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Nilebäck L, Arola S, Kvick M, Paananen A, Linder MB, Hedhammar M. Interfacial Behavior of Recombinant Spider Silk Protein Parts Reveals Cues on the Silk Assembly Mechanism. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:11795-11805. [PMID: 30183309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of silk assembly, and thus the cues for the extraordinary properties of silk, can be explored by studying the simplest protein parts needed for the formation of silk-like materials. The recombinant spider silk protein 4RepCT, consisting of four repeats of polyalanine and glycine-rich segments (4Rep) and a globular C-terminal domain (CT), has previously been shown to assemble into silk-like fibers at the liquid-air interface. Herein, we study the interfacial behavior of the two parts of 4RepCT, revealing new details on how each protein part is crucial for the silk assembly. Interfacial rheology and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation show that 4Rep interacts readily at the interfaces. However, organized nanofibrillar structures are formed only when 4Rep is fused to CT. A strong interplay between the parts to direct the assembly is demonstrated. The presence of either a liquid-air or a liquid-solid interface had a surprisingly similar influence on the assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Nilebäck
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Suvi Arola
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , P.O. Box 16100, Fi-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Mathias Kvick
- Spiber Technologies AB, AlbaNova University Center , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Arja Paananen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , Tietotie 2 , Fi-02150 Espoo , Finland
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , P.O. Box 16100, Fi-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - My Hedhammar
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
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Chen J, Hu J, Zuo P, Shi J, Yang M. Facile preparation of recombinant spider eggcase silk spheres via an HFIP-on-Oil approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:1146-1152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Thatikonda N, Nilebäck L, Kempe A, Widhe M, Hedhammar M. Bioactivation of Spider Silk with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor for in Vitro Cell Culture: A Step toward Creation of Artificial ECM. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3384-3396. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Thatikonda
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 114 28, Sweden
| | - Linnea Nilebäck
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 114 28, Sweden
| | - Adam Kempe
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 114 28, Sweden
| | - Mona Widhe
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 114 28, Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 114 28, Sweden
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Landreh M, Andersson M, Marklund EG, Jia Q, Meng Q, Johansson J, Robinson CV, Rising A. Mass spectrometry captures structural intermediates in protein fiber self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:3319-3322. [PMID: 28184384 PMCID: PMC5530726 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00307b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Integrating ion mobility mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations provides insights into intermediates in spider silk formation. The resulting structural models reveal how soluble spidroin proteins use their terminal domains to assemble into silk fibers.
Self-assembling proteins, the basis for a broad range of biological scaffolds, are challenging to study using most structural biology approaches. Here we show that mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with MD simulations captures structural features of short-lived oligomeric intermediates in spider silk formation, providing direct insights into its complex assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Landreh
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Marlene Andersson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik G Marklund
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Qiupin Jia
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qing Meng
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden and Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14157, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden and Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14157, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kucharczyk K, Weiss M, Jastrzebska K, Luczak M, Ptak A, Kozak M, Mackiewicz A, Dams-Kozlowska H. Bioengineering the spider silk sequence to modify its affinity for drugs. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4247-4261. [PMID: 30050299 PMCID: PMC6055833 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s168081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silk is a biocompatible and biodegradable material, able to self-assemble into different morphological structures. Silk structures may be used for many biomedical applications, including carriers for drug delivery. The authors designed a new bioengineered spider silk protein, EMS2, and examined its property as a carrier of chemotherapeutics. MATERIALS AND METHODS To obtain EMS protein, the MS2 silk monomer (that was based on the MaSp2 spidroin of Nephila clavipes) was modified by the addition of a glutamic acid residue. Both bioengineered silks were produced in an Escherichia coli expression system and purified by thermal method. The silk spheres were produced by mixing with potassium phosphate buffer. The physical properties of the particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements. The MTT assay was used to examine the cytotoxicity of spheres. The loading and release profiles of drugs were studied spectrophotometrically. RESULTS The bioengineered silk variant, EMS2, was constructed, produced, and purified. The EMS2 silk retained the self-assembly property and formed spheres. The spheres made of EMS2 and MS2 silks were not cytotoxic and had a similar secondary structure content but differed in morphology and zeta potential values; EMS2 particles were more negatively charged than MS2 particles. Independently of the loading method (pre- or post-loading), the loading of drugs into EMS2 spheres was more efficient than the loading into MS2 spheres. The advantageous loading efficiency and release rate made EMS2 spheres a good choice to deliver neutral etoposide (ETP). Despite the high loading efficiency of positively charged mitoxantrone (MTX) into EMS2 particles, the fast release rate made EMS2 unsuitable for the delivery of this drug. A faster release rate from EMS2 particles compared to MS2 particles was observed for positively charged doxorubicin (DOX). CONCLUSION By modifying its sequence, silk affinity for drugs can be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kucharczyk
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland,
| | - Marek Weiss
- Division of Computational Physics and Nanomechanics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jastrzebska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland,
| | - Magdalena Luczak
- Department of Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Ptak
- Division of Computational Physics and Nanomechanics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Kozak
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
- Joint Laboratory for SAXS Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland,
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland,
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland,
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Zheng K, Ling S. De Novo Design of Recombinant Spider Silk Proteins for Material Applications. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1700753. [PMID: 29781251 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Spider silks are well known for their superior mechanical properties that are stronger and tougher than steel despite being assembled at close to ambient conditions and using water as the solvent. However, it is a significant challenge to utilize spider silks for practical applications due to their limited sources. Fortunately, genetic engineering techniques offer a promising approach to produce useable amounts of spider silk variants. Starting from these recombinant spider silk proteins, a series of experiments and simulations strategies are developed to improve the recombinant spider silk proteins (RSSP) material design and fabrication with the aim of biomimicking the structure-property-function relationships of spider silks. Accordingly, in this review, the authors first introduce the structure-property-function relationship of spider silks. Then, the recent progress in the genetic synthesis of RSSPs is discussed and their related multiscale self-assembly behaviors is summarized. Finally, the authors outline works utilizing multiscale modeling to assist RSSP material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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