Antimicrobial activity of thiazolyl benzenesulfonamide-condensed 2,4-thiazolidinediones derivatives

Recent development and strategies towards target interactions: Synthesis, characterization and in silico analysis of benzimidazole based thiadiazole as potential anti-Alzheimer agents

In the current research study, we aim to design and synthesize highly potent hybrid analogs of benzimidazole derived thiadiazole based Schiff base derivatives which can combat the cholinesterase enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) accountable for developing Alzheimer's disease. In this context, we have synthesized 15 analogs of benzimidazole based thiadiazole derivatives, which were subsequently confirmed through spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HREI-MS. Biological investigation of all the analogs revealed their varied acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potency covering a range between 3.20 ± 0.10 μM to 20.50 ± 0.20 μM as well as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory potential with a range of 4.30 ± 0.50 μM to 20.70 ± 0.50 μM when compared with the standard drug Donepezil having IC50 = 6.70 ± 0.20 μM for AChE and 7.90 ± 0.10 μM for BuChE. The promising inhibition by the analogs was evaluated in SAR analysis, where analog-1 (IC50 = 3.20 ± 0.10 μM for AChE and 4.30 ± 0.50 μM for BuChE), analog-4 (IC50 = 4.30 ± 0.30 μM for AChE and 5.50 ± 0.20 μM for BuChE) and analog-5 (IC50 = 4.10 ± 0.30 μM for AChE and 4.60 ± 0.40 μM for BuChE) were found as the lead candidates. Moreover, molecular docking and ADME analysis were conducted to explore the better binding interactions and drugs likeness respectively.

In vitro enzymatic, in silico ADME and molecular docking based analysis for the identification of novel bis-indole containing triazine-thiazole hybrids derivatives as promising urease inhibitors

The current study details a sequence of sequential reactions for synthesizing bis-indole-based triazine bearing thiazole derivatives. Several steps were involved in the synthesis of bis-indole-based triazine bearing thiazole derivative. The synthetic reactions were monitored via thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Synthesized compounds were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HR-EIMS. The inhibitory activity against urease enzyme of these synthesized compounds was compared with that of thiourea, a standard drug (IC50 = 9.30 ± 0.20 µM). A range of inhibitory potencies were observed for the synthesized compounds, ranging from moderate to excellent, as follows (IC50 = 5.10 ± 0.40 µM to 29.80 ± 0.20 µM). Analyzing the structure-activity relationship (SAR) provided insight into the results, showing that different substituents had different effects on aromatic rings. Several compounds displayed outstanding inhibitory properties (among those tested were 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 with IC50 = 6.30 ± 0.80, 5.10 ± 0.40, 5.90 ± 0.50, 8.20 ± 0.10, 8.90 ± 0.60 µM, respectively). Anti-urease evaluation of all the synthesized derivatives was conducted in which the selected compounds have shown remarkable potency compared with the standard drug thiourea (IC50 = 9.30 ± 0.20 µM). Molecular docking analysis was carried out for investigating the better binding sites and distance of the derivatives. Moreover, the drug-like properties were explored by the ADME attributes of the synthesized analogs.

Green Biocatalyst for Ultrasound-Assisted Thiazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Antibacterial Evaluation, and Docking Analysis

The catalytic activity of chitosan (Cs) and grafted Cs led to the preparation of terephthalohydrazide Cs Schiff's base hydrogel (TCsSB), which was then investigated as an eco-friendly biocatalyst for synthesizing novel thiazole derivatives. TCsSB exhibited greater surface area and higher thermal stability compared to Cs, making it a promising eco-friendly biocatalyst. We synthesized two novel series of thiazoles via the reaction of 2-(2-oxo-1,2-diphenylethylidene) hydrazine-1-carbothioamide with various hydrazonoyl chlorides and 2-bromo-1-arylethan-1-ones, employing ultrasonic irradiation and using TCsSB as a catalyst. A comparative study between Cs and TCsSB revealed higher yields than TCsSB. The methodology offered advantages such as mild reaction conditions, quick reaction times, and high yields. TCsSB could be reused multiple times without a significant loss of potency. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were verified through IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS analyses. Six synthesized compounds were assessed for their in vitro antibacterial effectiveness by establishing the minimum inhibitory concentration against four distinct bacterial strains. The docking analyses revealed favorable binding scores against several amino acids within the selected protein (PDB Code-1MBT) for these compounds, with compound 4c exhibiting particularly noteworthy binding properties. Additionally, the in silico ADME parameter estimation for all compounds indicated favorable pharmacological properties for these compounds.

Nanometal surface energy transfer (NSET) from biologically active heterocyclic ligands to silver nanoparticles induces enhanced antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria

Herein we report the formation of a nanometal surface energy transfer (NSET) pair between a donor biologically active heterocyclic luminescent ligand such as 3-(1,3-Dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-N, N-dimethylpropan-1-ammonium perchlorate (S4PNL; λem-408 nm) and an acceptor silver nanoparticle (Ag NP; λabs-406 nm). When the S4PNL ligand interacts with Ag NPs, the quenching in their luminescence intensity at 408 nm is noticed, with a Stern-Volmer constant of 0.8 × 104 M-1. The present donor-acceptor pair displays a binding constant of 2.8 × 104 M-1 and binding sites of 1.12. The current work shows the energy transfer from a molecular dipole (S4PNL) to a nanometal surface (Ag NP) and thus follows the nanometal surface energy transfer (NSET) ruler with an energy transfer efficiency of 80.0%, 50% energy transfer efficiency distance (d0) of 4.9 nm, donor-acceptor distance of 3.4 nm. The alteration in the zeta potential value of S4PNL upon interaction with AgNP clearly demonstrates the strong electrostatic interaction between donor and acceptor. Importantly, the current NSET pair shows enhanced antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) in comparison to their parent components i.e. S4PNL ligand and Ag NP. The NSET pair shows maximum inhibition against B. cereus (9202.21 ± 463.26 CFU/ml.) at 10% while minimum inhibition is observed at 0.01% of it (39,887.19 ± 242.67 CFU/ml.).

I2-catalyzed one-pot oxidative condensation of thiourea, methyl ketones, and aryl thiols into 5-sulfenylated 2-amino-1,3-thiazoles by DMSO

A one-pot, efficient oxidative-condensation process for constructing both 4-alkyl and 4-aryl-5-(arylthio) thiazol-2-amines using DMSO/I2 is introduced. In this procedure, methyl ketones, thiourea, DMSO, and thiols are reacted together in the presence of molecular I2 at 80 °C simply to produce 4-alkyl or aryl-5-(arylthio)thiazol-2-amines due to formation of a C-S bond between thiourea and methyl carbon linked to carbonyl group and the another C-S bond formation between thiol and thiazol ring. Under reaction conditions, both aryl and alkyl methyl ketones including acetophenone and substituted acetophenones also, 2-alkanones such as acetone, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, and 2-heptanone yield those products successfully.

Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico studies of some new analogues of 3,5-vdisubstituted thiazolidin-2,4-dione

Background: A new series of 3,5-disubstituted thiazolidin-2,4-dione molecules were derived and characterized using various spectral techniques (1H NMR, IR, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc.) and physicochemical parameters. Materials & methods: The molecules were derived using Knoevenagel condensation followed by Mannich reaction and further synthesized analogues were screened for their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging method and serial tube dilution method, respectively, along with in silico studies (docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion parameters) to explore the drug-receptor interaction and druglikeness. Results & conclusion: In antimicrobial screening, the analogs MP2, MM6, MM7 and MM8 displayed promising activity while molecule MM4 exhibited better antioxidant potential in the series. In molecular docking analysis, the best-fitted analogs, namely, MM6 and MM7, showed good interactions.

Imidazopyridine-Based Thiazole Derivatives as Potential Antidiabetic Agents: Synthesis, In Vitro Bioactivity, and In Silico Molecular Modeling Approach

A new series of thiazole derivatives (4a-p) incorporating imidazopyridine moiety was synthesized and assessed for their in vitro potential α-glucosidase potency using acarbose as a reference drug. The obtained results suggested that compounds 4a (docking score = -13.45), 4g (docking score = -12.87), 4o (docking score = -12.15), and 4p (docking score = -11.25) remarkably showed superior activity against the targeted α-glucosidase enzyme, with IC50 values of 5.57 ± 3.45, 8.85 ± 2.18, 7.16 ± 1.40, and 10.48 ± 2.20, respectively. Upon further investigation of the binding mode of the interactions by the most active scaffolds with the α-glucosidase active sites, the docking analysis was accomplished in order to explore the active cavity of the α-glucosidase enzyme. The interpretation of the results showed clearly that scaffolds 4a and 4o emerged as the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitors, with promising excellent binding interactions with the active site of the α-glucosidase enzyme. Furthermore, utilizing a variety of spectroscopic methods, such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HREI-MS, the precise structures of the synthesized scaffolds were determined.

Substituted Thiazole Derivatives Provide Corrective Anti-tumour and Anti-oxidant Activities against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma

Novel and effective treatments are urgently needed for cancer, which is still the leading cause of death in the world. Biological characteristics linked to thiazole derivatives span a wide range. Thiazole derivatives are used in the creation of medications for therapy as well. The aim of current study is to evaluate the anticancer and antioxidant properties of the newly synthesized thiazole derivatives, compounds 1 and 2, on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in female mice. Our findings indicated that thiazole derivatives, compounds 1 and 2 have anticancer activity by elevating the p53 expression and cytochrome c levels in groups treated with compounds 1 and 2 compared to the positive control group. Furthermore, thiazole derivatives compounds 1 and 2 showed a potent antioxidant effect by increasing enzymatic antioxidants, catalase (CAT) activity, and non-enzymatic antioxidants, GSH, and lowering Malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatic and renal tissues of treated groups. Additionally, the target compounds were capable of providing corrective effects against EAC-induced biochemical and histopathological changes without harmful side effects. CONCLUSION: The target studied thiazol derivatives compounds were capable of providing corrective effects against EAC-induced without harmful side effects.

Thieno-Thiazolostilbenes, Thienobenzo-Thiazoles, and Naphtho-Oxazoles: Computational Study and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity

Naphtho-triazoles and thienobenzo-triazoles have so far proven to be very potent inhibitors of the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Based on these results, in this work, new thienobenzo-thiazoles were designed and synthesized, and their potential inhibitory activity was tested and compared with their analogs, naphtho-oxazoles. The synthesis was carried out by photochemical cyclization of thieno-thiazolostilbenes obtained in the first reaction step. Several thienobenzo-thiazoles and naphtho-oxazoles have shown significant potential as BChE inhibitors, together with the phenolic thiazolostilbene being the most active of all tested compounds. These results are significant as BChE has been attracting growing attention due to its positive role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Computational examination based on the DFT approach enabled the characterization of the geometry and electronic structure of the studied molecules. Furthermore, the molecular docking study, accompanied by additional optimization of complexes ligand-active site, offered insight into the structure and stabilizing interactions in the complexes of studied molecules and BChE.

Thiazolidin-2,4-Dione Scaffold: An Insight into Recent Advances as Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Hypoglycemic Agents

Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur, especially those in the thiazole family, have generated special interest in terms of their synthetic chemistry, which is attributable to their ubiquitous existence in pharmacologically dynamic natural products and also as overwhelmingly powerful agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. The thiazolidin-2,4-dione (TZD) moiety plays a central role in the biological functioning of several essential molecules. The availability of substitutions at the third and fifth positions of the Thiazolidin-2,4-dione (TZD) scaffold makes it a highly utilized and versatile moiety that exhibits a wide range of biological activities. TZD analogues exhibit their hypoglycemic activity by improving insulin resistance through PPAR-γ receptor activation, their antimicrobial action by inhibiting cytoplasmic Mur ligases, and their antioxidant action by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this manuscript, an effort has been made to review the research on TZD derivatives as potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antihyperglycemic agents from the period from 2010 to the present date, along with their molecular mechanisms and the information on patents granted to TZD analogues.

Evaluating the Antivirulence Effects of New Thiazolidinedione Compounds Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes several serious health problems and numerous forms of virulence. During the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections, the development of multidrug-resistant isolates creates significant clinical problems. Using antivirulence compounds to disrupt pathogenicity rather than killing the bacterium may be an interesting strategy to overcome this problem, because less harsh conditions will exist for the development of resistance. To reduce pathogenicity and biofilm formation, newly synthesized analogs of imidazolyl (8n) and previously synthesized analogs (8a-8m) with a similar backbone [the 5-(imidazolyl-methyl) thiazolidinediones] were tested against pyoverdine and pyocyanin production, protease activity, and biofilm formation. Compared to the positive control group, the best compounds reduced the production of pyoverdine (8n) by 89.57% and pyocyanin (8i) by 22.68%, and protease activity (8n) by 2.80% for PAO1 strain, at a concentration of 10 μM. Moreover, the biofilm formation assay showed a reduction of 87.94% (8i) for PAO1, as well as 30.53% (8d) and 44.65% (8m) for 1074 and 1707 strains, respectively. The compounds used in this study did not show any toxicity in the human dermal fibroblasts and 4T1 cells (viability higher than 90%). The in silico study of these compounds revealed that their antivirulence activity could be due to their interaction with the PqsR, PqsE, and LasR receptors.

Synthesis of Novel Benzimidazole-Based Thiazole Derivatives as Multipotent Inhibitors of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase: In Vitro Evaluation along with Molecular Docking Study

In this study, hybrid analogs of benzimidazole containing a thiazole moiety (1-17) were afforded and then tested for their ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase when compared to acarbose as a standard drug. The recently available analogs showed a wide variety of inhibitory potentials that ranged between 1.31 ± 0.05 and 38.60 ± 0.70 µM (against α-amylase) and between 2.71 ± 0.10 and 42.31 ± 0.70 µM (against α-glucosidase) under the positive control of acarbose (IC₅₀ = 10.30 ± 0.20 µM against α-amylase) (IC₅₀ = 9.80 ± 0.20 µM against α-glucosidase). A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was carried out for all analogs based on substitution patterns around both rings B and C respectively. It was concluded from the SAR study that analogs bearing either substituent(s) of smaller size (-F and Cl) or substituent(s) capable of forming hydrogen bonding (-OH) with the catalytic residues of targeted enzymes enhanced the inhibitory potentials. Therefore, analogs 2 (bearing meta-fluoro substitution), 3 (having para-fluoro substitution) and 4 (with ortho-fluoro group) showed enhanced potency when evaluated against standard acarbose drug with IC₅₀ values of 4.10 ± 0.10, 1.30 ± 0.05 and 1.90 ± 0.10 (against α-amylase) and 5.60 ± 0.10, 2.70 ± 0.10 and 2.90 ± 0.10 µM (against α-glucosidase), correspondingly. On the other hand, analogs bearing substituent(s) of either a bulky nature (-Br) or that are incapable of forming hydrogen bonds (-CH₃) were found to lower the inhibitory potentials. In order to investigate the binding sites for synthetic analogs and how they interact with the active areas of both targeted enzymes, molecular docking studies were also conducted on the potent analogs. The results showed that these analogs adopted many important interactions with the active areas of enzymes. The precise structure of the newly synthesized compounds was confirmed using several spectroscopic techniques as NMR and HREI-MS.

Multipotent Cholinesterase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Synthesis, Biological Analysis and Molecular Docking Study of Benzimidazole-Based Thiazole Derivatives

Twenty-four analogues of benzimidazole-based thiazoles (1-24) were synthesized and assessed for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory potential. All analogues were found to exhibit good inhibitory potential against cholinesterase enzymes, having IC50 values in the ranges of 0.10 ± 0.05 to 11.10 ± 0.30 µM (for AChE) and 0.20 ± 0.050 µM to 14.20 ± 0.10 µM (for BuChE) as compared to the standard drug Donepezil (IC50 = 2.16 ± 0.12 and 4.5 ± 0.11 µM, respectively). Among the series, analogues 16 and 21 were found to be the most potent inhibitors of AChE and BuChE enzymes. The number (s), types, electron-donating or -withdrawing effects and position of the substituent(s) on the both phenyl rings B & C were the primary determinants of the structure-activity relationship (SAR). In order to understand how the most active derivatives interact with the amino acids in the active site of the enzyme, molecular docking studies were conducted. The results obtained supported the experimental data. Additionally, the structures of all newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by using several spectroscopic methods like 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR and HR EIMS.

Synthesis, biological evaluation and in-silico ADME studies of novel series of thiazolidin-2,4-dione derivatives as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer agents

Background

A novel series of thiazolidine-2,4-dione molecules was derived and their chemical structures were established using physiochemical parameters and spectral techniques (¹H-NMR, IR, MS etc.). The synthesized molecule were then evaluated for their antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial potential.

Results and discussion

Serial tube dilution method was employed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential against selected fungal and bacterial strains by taking fluconazole and cefadroxil as reference antifungal and antibacterial drugs respectively. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity was used to assess the antioxidant potential of the synthesized analogues. Further, the anticancer potential of the selected molecules was assessed against DU-145 cancer cell lines using MTT assay. The drug-likeness was also evaluated by studying in-silico ADME parameters of the synthesized analogues.

Conclusion

In antioxidant evaluation studies, the analogue H5 with IC₅₀ = 14.85 μg/mL was found to be the most active molecule. The antimicrobial evaluation outcomes suggested that the molecules H5, H13, H15 and H18 possessed moderate to promising activity against the selected species of microbial strains having MIC range 7.3 µM to 26.3 µM. The results of anticancer evaluation revealed that all the screened derivatives possess mild anticancer potential. The in-silico ADME studies revealed that all the compounds were found to be drug-like.

2-amino thiazole derivatives as inhibitors of some metabolic enzymes: An In Vitro and In Silico study

The thiazole derivatives are desirable compounds in the evaluation of their biological activities such as antiprotozoal antibacterial, antifungal, antituberculosis. Considering the medical application potential of 2-amino thiazole compounds, we aimed to determine the effects of 2-amino thiazole derivatives on the activities of carbonic anhydrase I-II isoenzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Among the chemicals we used in our study, 2-Amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole compound exhibited the best inhibition against hCA I with K_i of 0.008±0.001 μM. The 2-Amino-4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazole compound exhibited the best inhibition against hCA II, AChE and BChE with K_i of 0.124±0.017 μM, 0.129±0.030 μM and 0.083±0.041 μM, respectively. Molecular docking analysis showed that compound 2-Amino-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)thiazole had the highest inhibitory potency against hCA I, hCA II, AChE, BChE with the estimated binding energy of -6.75 , -7.61, -7.86, -7.96 kcal/mol, respectively. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Facile synthesis, antimicrobial and antiviral evaluation of novel substituted phenyl 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one sulfonyl derivatives

A series of novel substituted phenyl 1, 3-thiazolidin-4-one sulfonyl derivatives 5 (a-t) were synthesized and screened for their in-vitro anti-microbial and anti-viral activity. The result of the anti-microbial assay demonstrated compounds 5d, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j showed prominent inhibitory activity against all the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, while compounds 5g, 5j, 5o, 5p, 5q showed significant activity against the entire set of fungal strains as compared to standard drug Ampicillin and Clotrimazole, respectively. The antimicrobial study revealed that compounds having electron-withdrawing groups showed significant antimicrobial potency. The most active antibacterial compound 5j showed potent inhibition of S. aureus DNA Gyrase enzyme as a possible mechanism of action for antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the antiviral testing of selected compounds showed considerable activity against Herpes simplex virus-1(KOS), Herpes simplex virus-2 (G), Herpes simplex virus-1(TK- KOS ACVr), Vaccinia virus, Human Coronavirus (229E), Reovirus-1, Sindbis virus, Coxsackie virus B4, Yellow Fever virus and Influenza A, B virus. Compounds 5h exhibited low anti-viral activity against HIV-1(strain IIIB) and HIV-2 (strain ROD). The study clearly outlined that synthesized compounds endowed with good antimicrobial property together with considerable antiviral activity.

Novel 2-(Adamantan-1-ylamino)Thiazol-4(5H)-One Derivatives and Their Inhibitory Activity towards 11β-HSD1-Synthesis, Molecular Docking and In Vitro Studies

A common mechanism in which glucocorticoids participate is suggested in the pathogenesis of such metabolic diseases as obesity, metabolic syndrome, or Cushing’s syndrome. The enzyme involved in the control of the availability of cortisol, the active form of the glucocorticoid for the glucocorticoid receptor, is 11β-HSD1. Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 activity may bring beneficial results for the alleviation of the course of metabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome or type 2 diabetes. In this work, we obtained 10 novel 2-(adamantan-1-ylamino)thiazol-4(5H)-one derivatives containing different substituents at C-5 of thiazole ring and tested their activity towards inhibition of two 11β-HSD isoforms. For most of them, over 50% inhibition of 11β-HSD1 and less than 45% inhibition of 11β-HSD2 activity at the concentration of 10 µM was observed. The binding energies found during docking simulations for 11β-HSD1 correctly reproduced the experimental IC₅₀ values for analyzed compounds. The most active compound 2-(adamantan-1-ylamino)-1-thia-3-azaspiro[4.5]dec-2-en-4-one (3i) inhibits the activity of isoform 1 by 82.82%. This value is comparable to the known inhibitor-carbenoxolone. The IC₅₀ value is twice the value determined by us for carbenoxolone, however inhibition of the enzyme isoform 2 to a lesser extent makes it an excellent material for further tests.

Design, synthesis, in silico studies and biological evaluation of 5-((E)-4-((E)-(substituted aryl/alkyl)methyl)benzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives

BACKGROUND

Looking at the extensive biological potential of thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZD) moiety, a new series of thiazolidine-2,4-dione analogues was synthesized. Different spectral techniques (1H-NMR, IR, MS etc.) were used to confirm the chemical structures of the synthesized analogues. These synthesized compounds were screened for their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The antimicrobial screening was carried out against selected strains of fungi and bacteria using serial tube dilution method. The antioxidant potential was assessed using stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Further, the interaction between synthesized thiazolidine-2,4-dione compounds and DNA gyrase was explored using molecular docking studies. Various ADME parameters were also studied to evaluate the drug likeness of the synthesized compounds.

CONCLUSION

In antimicrobial evaluation, the compounds 4, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15 and 16 displayed promising activity against selected strains of microbes. Antioxidant evaluation found compound 6 having IC50 = 9.18 μg/mL to be the most potent compound in the series. The molecular docking study revealed compounds 4 (dock score = - 4.73) and 7 (dock score = - 4.61) with decent docking score, possess good interaction inside the ATP binding pocket of DNA gyrase and therefore can be used as lead structure for further optimizing into potent antimicrobial molecule.

Synthesis of new series of thiazol-(2(3H)-ylideneamino)benzenesulfonamide derivatives as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Human carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes (hCA I and II) are important metabolic enzymes. In this study, a new series of thiazol-(2(3H)-ylideneamino)benzenesulfonamide derivatives were synthesized and also some inhibition parameters including IC50 (hydratese) and inhibition constant values (Ki , esterase) were determined. All studied compounds exhibited potent inhibition against these enzymes. They inhibited carbonic anhydrases (CAs) with the IC50 values of 113 to 395.8 nM (Ki  = 77.38-319.59 nM) for hCA I and 91.9 to 516 nM (Ki  = 62.79-425.89 nM) for hCA II. Among the compounds, 5c was found to be the most active one (Ki : 77.38 nM) for hCA I and 5g was found for hCA II with the value of 62.79 nM.

Synthesis, in-vitro and in-silico study of novel thiazoles as potent antibacterial agents and MurB inhibitors

Efficient procedures are herein reported for the synthesis of novel hybrid thiazoles via a one-pot three-component protocol. The protocol involves the reaction of novel aldehyde, thiosemicarbazide and halogen-containing reagents in solvent- and catalyst-free conditions. The structures of the new thiazoles were elucidated by elemental analyses and spectroscopic data. The in-vitro antibacterial screening and MurB enzyme inhibition assays were performed for the novel thiazoles. The thiazol-4(5H)-one derivative 6d, with p-MeO, exhibits the best antibacterial activities with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 3.9, 3.9, 7.8, and 15.6 μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus mutans, and Escherichia coli, respectively, as compared to the reference antibiotic drugs. It also exhibits the highest inhibition of the MurB enzyme with an IC₅₀ of 8.1 μM. The structure-activity relationship was studied to determine the effect of the structures of the newly prepared molecules on the strength of the antibacterial activities. Molecular docking was also performed to predict the binding modes of the new thiazoles in the active sites of the E. coli MurB enzyme.

N-Arylation of ferrocenyl 2,4-thiazolidinedione conjugatesviaa copper-catalysed Chan–Lam cross coupling reaction with aryl boronic acids and their optoelectronic properties

Copper catalysed Chan–LamN-arylation of ferrocenyl 2,4-thiazolidinedione conjugates is described.

Design and synthesis of a new class of 2,4-thiazolidinedione based macrocycles suitable for Fe3+sensing

Three 2,4-thiazolidinedione based macrocycles, which are very good Fe³⁺sensors in aqueous-ethanol medium, have been synthesized. X-ray crystallography, DFT calculations and MEP analysis have been used for their structural confirmation and for understanding their behavior towards Fe³⁺.

Design and synthesis of 4'-((5-benzylidene-2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)methyl)biphenyl-2-carbonitrile analogs as bacterial peptide deformylase inhibitors

Herein, we report the synthesis and screening of 4'-((5-benzylidene-2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)methyl)biphenyl-2-carbonitrile analogs 11(a-j) as bacterial peptide deformylase (PDF) enzyme inhibitors. The compounds 11b (IC₅₀ value = 139.28 μm), 11g (IC₅₀ value = 136.18 μm), and 11h (IC₅₀ value = 131.65 μm) had shown good PDF inhibition activity. The compounds 11b (MIC range = 103.36-167.26 μg/mL), 11g (MIC range = 93.75-145.67 μg/mL), and 11h (MIC range = 63.61-126.63 μg/mL) had also shown potent antibacterial activity when compared with standard ampicillin (MIC range = 100.00-250.00 μg/mL). Thus, the active derivatives were not only PDF inhibitors but also efficient antibacterial agents. To gain more insight on the binding mode of the compounds with PDF enzyme, the synthesized compounds 11(a-j) were docked against PDF enzyme of Escherichia coli and compounds exhibited good binding properties. The results suggest that this class of compounds has potential for development and use in future as antibacterial drugs.

Synthesis of Some New Thiazole Derivatives and Their Biological Activity Evaluation

New 2-(4-arylpiperazine-1-yl)-N-[4-(2-(4-substituted phenyl)thiazol-4-yl)phenyl]acetamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial and anticholinesterase activities. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the compounds were found weak contrary to expectations. It is unlikely that antifungal activity of the compounds was found significant, especially againstCandida parapsilosis.