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Md Idris MH, Mohd Amin SN, Mohd Amin SN, Wibowo A, Zakaria ZA, Shaameri Z, Hamzah AS, Selvaraj M, Teh LK, Salleh MZ. Discovery of polymethoxyflavones as potential cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) inhibitors. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2021; 42:325-337. [PMID: 34323638 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2021.1951756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed to treat inflammatory-related diseases, pain and fever. However, the prolong use of traditional NSAIDs leads to undesirable side effects such as gastric, ulceration, and renal toxicity due to lack of selectivity toward respective targets for COX-2, 5-LOX, and PDE4B. Thus, targeting multiple sites can reduce these adverse effects of the drugs and increase its potency. A series of methoxyflavones (F1-F5) were synthesized and investigated for their anti-inflammatory properties through molecular docking and inhibition assays. Among these flavones, only F2 exhibited selectivity toward COX-2 (Selectivity Index, SI: 3.90, COX-2 inhibition: 98.96 ± 1.47%) in comparison with celecoxib (SI: 7.54, COX-2 inhibition: 98.20 ± 2.55%). For PDEs, F3 possessed better selectivity to PDE4B (SI: 4.67) than rolipram (SI: 0.78). F5 had the best 5-LOX inhibitory activity among the flavones (33.65 ± 4.74%) but less than zileuton (90.81 ± 0.19%). Docking analysis indicated that the position of methoxy group and the substitution of halogen play role in determining the bioactivities of flavones. Interestingly, F1-F5 displayed favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and acceptable range of toxicity (IC50>70 µM) in cell lines with the exception for F1 (IC50: 16.02 ± 1.165 µM). This study generated valuable insight in designing new anti-inflammatory drug based on flavone scaffold. The newly synthesized flavones can be further developed as future therapeutic agents against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhd Hanis Md Idris
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Norhidayah Mohd Amin
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Norhidayu Mohd Amin
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Agustono Wibowo
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang Branch, Jengka Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Shaameri
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science (IOS), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Sazali Hamzah
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science (IOS), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Manikandan Selvaraj
- School of Engineering, Monash University (Malaysia Campus), Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
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Mohd Amin SN, Md Idris MH, Selvaraj M, Mohd Amin SN, Jamari H, Kek TL, Salleh MZ. Virtual screening, ADME study, and molecular dynamic simulation of chalcone and flavone derivatives as 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1732961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Norhidayah Mohd Amin
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Muhd Hanis Md Idris
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Norhidayu Mohd Amin
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Hisyam Jamari
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Teh Lay Kek
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
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Sales TA, Marcussi S, Ramalho TC. Current Anti-Inflammatory Therapies and the Potential of Secretory Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors in the Design of New Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Review of 2012 - 2018. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:477-497. [PMID: 30706775 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190201120646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory process is a natural self-defense response of the organism to damage agents and its action mechanism involves a series of complex reactions. However, in some cases, this process can become chronic, causing much harm to the body. Therefore, over the years, many anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed aiming to decrease the concentrations of inflammatory mediators in the organism, which is a way of controlling these abnormal chain reactions. The main target of conventional anti-inflammatory drugs is the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, but its use implies several side effects. Thus, based on these limitations, many studies have been performed, aiming to create new drugs, with new action mechanisms. In this sense, the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes stand out. Among all the existing isoforms, secretory PLA2 is the major target for inhibitor development, since many studies have proven that this enzyme participates in various inflammatory conditions, such as cancer, Alzheimer and arthritis. Finally, for the purpose of developing anti-inflammatory drugs that are sPLA2 inhibitors, many molecules have been designed. Accordingly, this work presents an overview of inflammatory processes and mediators, the current available anti-inflammatory drugs, and it briefly covers the PLA2 enzymes, as well as the diverse structural array of the newest sPLA2 inhibitors as a possible target for the production of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais A Sales
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Brazil
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Brazil.,Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, 62, 50003 Rokitanskeho, Czech Republic
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Sales TA, Marcussi S, da Cunha EFF, Kuca K, Ramalho TC. Can Inhibitors of Snake Venom Phospholipases A₂ Lead to New Insights into Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Humans? A Theoretical Study. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E341. [PMID: 29068410 PMCID: PMC5705956 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9110341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human phospholipase A₂ (hPLA₂) of the IIA group (HGIIA) catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids, producing arachidonic acid and originating potent inflammatory mediators. Therefore, molecules that can inhibit this enzyme are a source of potential anti-inflammatory drugs, with different action mechanisms of known anti-inflammatory agents. For the study and development of new anti-inflammatory drugs with this action mechanism, snake venom PLA₂ (svPLA₂) can be employed, since the svPLA₂ has high similarity with the human PLA₂ HGIIA. Despite the high similarity between these secretory PLA₂s, it is still not clear if these toxins can really be employed as an experimental model to predict the interactions that occur with the human PLA₂ HGIIA and its inhibitors. Thus, the present study aims to compare and evaluate, by means of theoretical calculations, docking and molecular dynamics simulations, as well as experimental studies, the interactions of human PLA₂ HGIIA and two svPLA₂s,Bothrops toxin II and Crotoxin B (BthTX-II and CB, respectively). Our theoretical findings corroborate experimental data and point out that the human PLA₂ HGIIA and svPLA₂ BthTX-II lead to similar interactions with the studied compounds. From our results, the svPLA₂ BthTX-II can be used as an experimental model for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs for therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís A Sales
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Elaine F F da Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Teodorico C Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Stylos E, Chatziathanasiadou MV, Tsiailanis A, Kellici TF, Tsoumani M, Kostagianni AD, Deligianni M, Tselepis AD, Tzakos AG. Tailoring naringenin conjugates with amplified and triple antiplatelet activity profile: Rational design, synthesis, human plasma stability and in vitro evaluation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2609-2618. [PMID: 28844979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current standard-of-care antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular disease patients is consisted of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor aspirin, along with a platelet receptor P2Y12 antagonist. Recently, the triple antiplatelet therapy with aspirin, a P2Y12 receptor antagonist and a protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) antagonist, has been suggested for the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events, however presented an increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, the quest for novel antiplatelet agents simultaneously targeting the three pathways with improved efficacy/safety profile is of immense importance. Flavonoids as pre-validated ligands for numerous targets could serve as scaffolds targeting the three platelet activation pathways. METHODS Computational methods, Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) plasma stability and in vitro platelet aggregation experiments were used to establish the antiplatelet activity of the flavonoid naringenin and its conjugates. RESULTS In silico studies indicated that naringenin could bear a potent triple antiplatelet activity by inhibiting different platelet aggregation mechanisms. However, we found that in human platelets naringenin has diminished activity. We rationally designed and synthesized different naringenin conjugates aiming to amplify the antiplatelet activity of the parent compound. UHPLC-MS/MS revealed a slow degradation rate for a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) - naringenin conjugate in human plasma. The antiplatelet profile of the new analogues was evaluated against in vitro platelet aggregation induced by several platelet agonists. CONCLUSIONS The DHA - naringenin hybrid presented triple antiplatelet activity simultaneously targeting PAR-1, P2Y12 and COX-1 platelet activation pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Natural products could offer a rich source for novel bioactives as a powerful alternative to the current combinatorial use of three different antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Stylos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Maria V Chatziathanasiadou
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Antonis Tsiailanis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Tahsin F Kellici
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Greece
| | - Maria Tsoumani
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Androniki D Kostagianni
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Maria Deligianni
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Alexandros D Tselepis
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
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