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Yuhazu M, Mikuriya S, Mori A, Dwiyanti MS, Senda M, Kanazawa A. Pigmentation of soybean seed coats via a mutation that abolishes production of multiple-phased siRNAs of chalcone synthase genes. Genes Genet Syst 2024; 99:n/a. [PMID: 38382925 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.23-00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lack of pigmentation in seed coats of soybean is caused by natural RNA silencing of chalcone synthase (CHS) genes. This phenomenon is an evolutionary consequence of structural changes in DNA that resulted in the production of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that trigger RNA degradation. Here we determined that a mutant with pigmented seed coats derived from a cultivar that lacked the pigmentation had a deletion between DNA regions ICHS1 and a cytochrome P450 gene; the deletion included GmIRCHS, a candidate gene that triggers CHS RNA silencing via production of CHS dsRNAs. We also characterized CHS short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) produced in the wild-type seed coats that had CHS RNA silencing. Phased 21-nt CHS siRNAs were detected in all 21 phases and were widely distributed in exon 2 of CHS7, which indicates commonality in the pattern of RNA degradation in natural CHS RNA silencing between distantly related species. These results with the similarities in the rearrangements found in spontaneous mutants suggest that the structural organization that generates dsRNAs that trigger phased siRNA production is vulnerable to further structural changes, which eventually abolish the induction of RNA silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shun Mikuriya
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
| | - Ayumi Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Mineo Senda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University
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Nakashima K, Yuhazu M, Mikuriya S, Kasai M, Abe J, Taneda A, Kanazawa A. Frequency of cytosine methylation in the adjacent regions of soybean retrotransposon SORE-1 depends on chromosomal location. Genome 2024; 67:1-12. [PMID: 37746933 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2023-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Mobilization of transposable elements (TEs) is suppressed by epigenetic mechanisms involving cytosine methylation. However, few studies have focused on clarifying relationships between epigenetic influences of TEs on the adjacent DNA regions and time after insertion of TEs into the genome and/or their chromosomal location. Here we addressed these issues using soybean retrotransposon SORE-1. We analyzed SORE-1, inserted in exon 1 of the GmphyA2 gene, one of the newest insertions in this family so far identified. Cytosine methylation was detected in this element but was barely present in the adjacent regions. These results were correlated, respectively, with the presence and absence of the production of short interfering RNAs. Cytosine methylation profiles of 74 SORE-1 elements in the Williams 82 reference genome indicated that methylation frequency in the adjacent regions of SORE-1 was profoundly higher in pericentromeric regions than in euchromatic chromosome arms and was only weakly correlated with the length of time after insertion into the genome. Notably, the higher level of methylation in the 5' adjacent regions of SORE-1 coincided with the presence of repetitive elements in pericentromeric regions. Together, these results suggest that epigenetic influence of SORE-1 on the adjacent regions is influenced by its location on the chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nakashima
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Mashiro Yuhazu
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shun Mikuriya
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Megumi Kasai
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Jun Abe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Akito Taneda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Akira Kanazawa
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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Kashim MIAM, Hasim NA, Zin DMM, Amin L, Mokhtar MH, Shahimi S, Mutalib SA. Animal cloning and consumption of its by-products: A scientific and Islamic perspectives. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2995-3000. [PMID: 34025177 PMCID: PMC8117031 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Islam is a religion that inspires its followers to seek knowledge continually and nurtures innovation, within the realms of Islamic rulings, towards an ameliorated quality of life. Up-to-date biotechnological techniques, specifically animal cloning, are involved in advancing society's health, social, and economic domains. The goal of animal cloning includes the production of genetically modified animal for human consumption. Therefore, this research endeavoured to study animal cloning's current scientific findings, examine the by-product of said process, and determine its permissibility in an Islamic context. This study employed descriptive literature reviews. Results concluded that animal cloning, especially in mammals, does not occur naturally as in plants. A broadly trusted and efficient animal cloning method is known as Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT), which includes three principal steps: oocyte enucleation; implantation of donor cells (or nucleus); and the activation of the embryo. Nevertheless, the limitations of SCNT, particularly to the Large Offspring Syndrome (LOS), should be noted. One of the forms of the application of animal cloning is in agriculture. From an Islamic perspective, determining the permissibility of consuming cloned animals as food is essentially based on whether the cloned animal conforms to Islamic law's principles and criteria. Islam interdicts animal cloning when it is executed without benefiting humans, religion, or society. Nonetheless, if it is done to preserve the livelihood and the needs of a community, then the process is deemed necessary and should be administered following the conditions outlined in Islam. Hence, the Islamic ruling for animal cloning is not rigid and varies proportionately with the current fatwa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim
- Center of Shariah, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asmadayana Hasim
- Institute of Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Diani Mardiana Mat Zin
- PERMATA Insan College, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Latifah Amin
- Institute of Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Pusat Citra Universiti, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Safiyyah Shahimi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sahilah Abd. Mutalib
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Yamada T, Mori Y, Yasue K, Maruyama N, Kitamura K, Abe J. Knockdown of the 7S globulin subunits shifts distribution of nitrogen sources to the residual protein fraction in transgenic soybean seeds. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1963-76. [PMID: 25120001 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A platform of gene silencing by amiRNA had been established in fertile transgenic soybean. We demonstrated that knockdown of storage protein shifted the distribution of nitrogen sources in soybean seeds. Artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) were designed using the precursor sequence of the endogenous soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) miRNA gma-miR159a and expressed in transgenic soybean plants to suppress the biosynthesis of 7S globulin, which is one of the major storage proteins. Seed-specific expression of these amiRNAs (amiR-7S) resulted in a strong suppression of 7S globulin subunit genes and decreased accumulation of the 7S globulin subunits in seeds. Thus, the results demonstrate that a platform for gene silencing by amiRNA was first developed in fertile transgenic soybean plants. There was no difference in nitrogen, carbon, and lipid contents between amiR-7S and control seeds. Four protein fractions were collected from defatted mature seeds on the basis of solubility at different pH to examine the distribution of nitrogen sources and compensatory effects. In the whey and lipophilic fractions, nitrogen content was similar in amiR-7S and control seeds. Nitrogen content was significantly decreased in the major soluble protein fraction and increased in the residual fraction (okara) of the amiR-7S seeds. Amino acid analysis revealed that increased nitrogen compounds in okara were proteins or peptides rather than free amino acids. Our study indicates that the decrease in 7S globulin subunits shifts the distribution of nitrogen sources to okara in transgenic soybean seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Yamada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita9 Nishi9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan,
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Kebeish R, Azab E, Peterhaensel C, El-Basheer R. Engineering the metabolism of the phenylurea herbicide chlortoluron in genetically modified Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing the mammalian cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP1A2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:8224-32. [PMID: 24920432 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants were generated by introduction of the human P450 CYP1A2 gene, which metabolizes a number of herbicides, insecticides and industrial chemicals. Transgenic A. thaliana plants expressing CYP1A2 gene showed remarkable resistance to the phenylurea herbicide chlortoluron (CTU) supplemented either in plant growth medium or sprayed on foliar parts of the plants. HPLC analyses showed a strong reduction in CTU accumulation in planta supporting the tolerance of transgenic lines to high concentrations of CTU. Besides increased herbicide tolerance, expression of CYP1A2 resulted in no other visible phenotype in transgenic plants. Our data indicate that CYP1A2 can be used as a selectable marker for plant transformation, allowing efficient selection of transgenic lines in growth medium and/or in soil-grown plants. Moreover, these transgenic plants appear to be useful for herbicide resistance as well as phytoremediation of environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashad Kebeish
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory (PBL), Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, El-Gamaa Street, 44519, Zagazig, Egypt,
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Wang H, Chen X, Xing X, Hao X, Chen D. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing atzA exhibit resistance and strong ability to degrade atrazine. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2010; 29:1391-9. [PMID: 20960204 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine chlorohydrolase (AtzA) catalyzes hydrolytic dechlorination and can be used in detoxification of atrazine, a herbicide widely employed in the control of broadleaf weeds. In this study, to investigate the potential use of transgenic tobacco plants for phytoremediation of atrazine, atzA genes from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP and Arthrobacter strain AD1 were transferred into tobacco. Three and four transgenic lines, expressing atzA-ADP and atzA-AD1, respectively, were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Molecular characterization including PCR, RT-PCR and Southern blot revealed that atzA was inserted into the tobacco genome and stably inherited by and expressed in the progenies. Seeds of the T(1) transgenic lines had a higher germination percentage and longer roots than the untransformed plants in the presence of 40-150 mg/l atrazine. The T(2) transgenic lines grew taller, gained more dry biomass, and had higher total chlorophyll content than the untransformed plants after growing in soil containing 1 or 2 mg/kg atrazine for 90 days. No atrazine residue remained in the soil in which the T(2) transgenic lines were grown (except 401), while, in the case of the untransformed plants, 0.91 mg (81.3%) and 1.66 mg (74.1%) of the atrazine still remained in the soil containing 1 and 2 mg/kg of atrazine, respectively, indicating that the transgenic lines could degrade atrazine effectively. The transgenic tobacco lines developed could be useful for phytoremediation of atrazine-contaminated soil and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhuan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Yuan JS, Tranel PJ, Stewart CN. Non-target-site herbicide resistance: a family business. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2007; 12:6-13. [PMID: 17161644 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We have witnessed a dramatic increase in the frequency and diversity of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes over the past two decades, which poses a threat to the sustainability of agriculture at both local and global levels. In addition, non-target-site mechanisms of herbicide resistance seem to be increasingly implicated. Non-target-site herbicide resistance normally involves the biochemical modification of the herbicide and/or the compartmentation of the herbicide (and its metabolites). In contrast to herbicide target site mutations, fewer non-target mechanisms have been elucidated at the molecular level because of the inherently complicated biochemical processes and the limited genomic information available for weedy species. To further understand the mechanisms of non-target-site resistance, we propose an integrated genomics approach to dissect systematically the functional genomics of four gene families in economically important weed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Yuan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Cherian S, Oliveira MM. Transgenic plants in phytoremediation: recent advances and new possibilities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:9377-90. [PMID: 16475312 DOI: 10.1021/es051134l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation, the use of plants and their associated microbes to remedy contaminated soils, sediments, and groundwater, is emerging as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly technology. Due in large part to its aesthetic appeal, this technology has gained increasing attention over the past 10 years. Phytoremediation uses different plant processes and mechanisms normally involved in the accumulation, complexation, volatilization, and degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants. Certain plants, called hyperaccumulators, are good candidates in phytoremediation, particularly for the removal of heavy metals. Phytoremediation efficiency of plants can be substantially improved using genetic engineering technologies. Recent research results, including overexpression of genes whose protein products are involved in metal uptake, transport, and sequestration, or act as enzymes involved in the degradation of hazardous organics, have opened up new possibilities in phytoremediation. This paper provides a critical review of the recent progress made toward the development of transgenic plants with improved phytoremediation capabilities and their potential use in environmental cleanup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Cherian
- Departamento de Bioquimica Vegetal, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Li X, Nicholl D. Development of PPO inhibitor-resistant cultures and crops. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2005; 61:277-285. [PMID: 15660355 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the development of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO, Protox) inhibitor-resistant plant cell cultures and crops is reviewed, with emphasis on the molecular and cellular aspects of this topic. PPO herbicide-resistant maize plants have been reported, along with the isolation of plant PPO genes and the isolation of herbicide-resistant mutants. At the same time, PPO inhibitor-resistant rice plants have been developed by expression of the Bacillus subtilis PPO gene via targeting the gene into either chloroplast or cytoplasm. Other attempts to develop PPO herbicide-resistant plants include conventional tissue culture methods, expression of modified co-factors of the protoporphyrin IX binding subunit proteins, over-expression of wild-type plant PPO gene, and engineering of P-450 monooxygenases to degrade the PPO inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianggan Li
- Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc, PO Box 12257, 3054 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2257, USA.
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Rishi AS, Munir S, Kapur V, Nelson ND, Goyal A. Identification and analysis of safener-inducible expressed sequence tags in Populus using a cDNA microarray. PLANTA 2004; 220:296-306. [PMID: 15378367 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-004-1356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2004] [Accepted: 07/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Safeners are the chemicals used to protect plants from detrimental effects of herbicides, but their mode of action at the molecular level is not well understood. As an initial step towards understanding the molecular mechanism of safener action in trees, homologous genes in hybrid poplar (Populus nigra x Populus maximowiczii) that were induced by a safener were identified. We here describe the identification of differentially expressed genes in Populus that are induced by Concep-III, a herbicide safener. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) enriched for transcriptionally induced genes were isolated by suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH). The SSH library cDNA inserts were used to construct a cDNA microarray for high-throughput validation of the up-regulated expression of safener-induced genes. Single-pass and partial sequences of 1,344 safener-induced ESTs were assembled into 418 singletons and 328 clusters, but the putative functions of almost 53% of the ESTs are not known. Genes encoding proteins involved in all three different phases of safener action, viz., oxidation, conjugation, and sequestration, were found in the SSH library. Almost 75% of genes that showed greater than 2-fold expression upon safener treatment were redundant in the SSH library. The expression pattern for selected genes was validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A few safener-induced genes that were not previously reported to be induced by safeners, but which may have a role in herbicide metabolism, were identified. The newly identified genes could have potential for application in genetic engineering of plants for herbicide detoxification and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Rishi
- Biotechnology Initiative, Forestry and Forest Products Division, Center for Applied Research and Technology Development (CARTD), Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota-Duluth, MN 55811, Duluth, USA
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