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Rossi F, Trakoolwilaiwan T, Gigli V, Tortolini C, Lenzi A, Isidori AM, Thanh NTK, Antiochia R. Progress in nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors for hormone detection. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39254475 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02075h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate a wide range of physiological processes including metabolism, development, growth, reproduction and mood. The concentration of hormones that orchestrate the numerous bodily functions is very low (1 nM or less). Efforts have been made to develop highly sensitive tools to detect them. This review represents a critical comparison between different types of nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors for the detection of various hormones, namely cortisol, sex hormones (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone), insulin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and growth hormone (GH). The electrochemical biosensors investigated for each hormone are first divided on the basis of the biological fluid tested for their detection, and successively on the basis of the electrochemical transducer utilized in the device (voltammetric or impedimetric). Focus is placed on the nanoparticles employed and the successive electrode modification developed in order to improve detection sensitivity and specificity and biosensor stability. Limit of detection (LOD), linear range, reproducibility and possibility of regeneration for continuous reuse are also investigated and compared. The review also addresses the recent trends in the development of wearable biosensors and point-of-care testing for hormone detection in clinical diagnostics useful for endocrinology research, and the future perspectives regarding the integration of nanomaterials, microfluidics, near field communication (NFC) technology and portable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Rossi
- ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico, Via Madonna del piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, 50019, Italy
| | - Thithawat Trakoolwilaiwan
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratories, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK.
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Valeria Gigli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Tortolini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratories, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK.
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Wrench E, Subar DA, Bampouras TM, Lauder RM, Gaffney CJ. Myths and methodologies: Assessing glycaemic control and associated regulatory mechanisms in human physiology research. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:1461-1477. [PMID: 39014995 PMCID: PMC11363129 DOI: 10.1113/ep091433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Accurate measurements of glycaemic control and the underpinning regulatory mechanisms are vital in human physiology research. Glycaemic control is the maintenance of blood glucose concentrations within optimal levels and is governed by physiological variables including insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and β-cell function. These can be measured with a plethora of methods, all with their own benefits and limitations. Deciding on the best method to use is challenging and depends on the specific research question(s). This review therefore discusses the theory and procedure, validity and reliability and any special considerations of a range common methods used to measure glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and β-cell function. Methods reviewed include glycosylated haemoglobin, continuous glucose monitors, the oral glucose tolerance test, mixed meal tolerance test, hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp, hyperglycaemic clamp, intravenous glucose tolerance test and indices derived from both fasting concentrations and the oral glucose tolerance test. This review aims to help direct understanding, assessment and decisions regarding which method to use based on specific physiology-related research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Wrench
- Lancaster Medical School, Health Innovation One, Sir John Fisher DriveLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - Daren A. Subar
- Royal Blackburn HospitalEast Lancashire Hospitals NHS TrustBlackburnUK
| | | | - Robert M. Lauder
- Lancaster Medical School, Health Innovation One, Sir John Fisher DriveLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - Christopher J. Gaffney
- Lancaster Medical School, Health Innovation One, Sir John Fisher DriveLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
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Mievis V, Minschart C, Myngheer N, Maes T, de Block C, Bochanen N, van Pottelbergh I, Abrams P, Vinck W, Leuridan L, Driessens S, Billen J, Matthys C, Laenen A, Bogaerts A, Mathieu C, Benhalima K. One-year postpartum weight retention and glucose intolerance in women with prediabetes after gestational diabetes. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15400. [PMID: 38958138 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To determine risk factors for 1-year postpartum weight retention (PPWR) and glucose intolerance (prediabetes + diabetes) in women with a previous history of gestational diabetes (GDM) and prediabetes in early postpartum. METHODS In this exploratory analysis of the MELINDA randomized controlled trial, we report data of 167 women with prediabetes at the 6-16 weeks (early) postpartum oral glucose tolerance test after a recent history of GDM. RESULTS Of all participants, 45% (75) had PPWR >0 kg at 1-year postpartum. Compared to women without PPWR, women with PPWR had higher gestational weight gain [10.5 ± 6.4 vs. 6.5 ± 4.5 kg, p < 0.001], higher BMI (p < 0.01) and a worse metabolic profile (higher waist circumference, worse lipid profile and more insulin resistance) (all p < 0.05) both in early and late postpartum. Of all women with PPWR, 40.0% developed metabolic syndrome, compared to 18.9% of women without late PPWR (p = 0.003). The only independent predictor for late PPWR was weight retention in early postpartum (p < 0.001). Of all participants, 55.1% (92) had glucose intolerance (84 prediabetes, 8 diabetes) 1-year postpartum. Independent predictors for late postpartum glucose intolerance were lower gestational age at start insulin therapy in pregnancy and delivery by caesarean section (resp. p = 0.044 and 0.014). CONCLUSIONS In women with a previous history of GDM and prediabetes in early postpartum, PPWR in early postpartum was a strong independent predictor for late PPWR, while earlier start of insulin therapy during pregnancy and delivery by caesarean section were independent predictors of glucose intolerance in late postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caro Minschart
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Myngheer
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Toon Maes
- Department of Endocrinology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden, Belgium
| | - Christophe de Block
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Niels Bochanen
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | | | - Pascale Abrams
- Department of Endocrinology, ZAS Sint-Vincentius, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, ZAS Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Wouter Vinck
- Department of Endocrinology, ZAS Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Leuridan
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital Klina, Brasschaat, Belgium
| | - Sabien Driessens
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital Klina, Brasschaat, Belgium
| | - Jaak Billen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Matthys
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- Centre of Biostatics and Statistical Bioinformatics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annick Bogaerts
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Benhalima
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Lee SH, Lin TA, Yan YH, Chien CC, Cheng TJ. Hepatic and metabolic outcomes induced by sub-chronic exposure to polystyrene microplastics in mice. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03847-7. [PMID: 39183192 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have attracted significant attention due to their global distribution in living environments. Although some studies have reported MP-induced hepatotoxicity in mouse models, a systematic approach to MP-mediated liver toxicity was still lacking. Therefore, we used a mouse model to study the sub-chronic effects of MP exposure on the liver. Female C57BL/6 mice, aged 6 weeks, received an oral administration of 0.3 mg of Nile Red-labeled polystyrene (PS) microplastics, with particle sizes of 0.5 µm (submicron) and 5 µm (micron), via gavage, while control mice received vehicle only. Each mouse was exposed to MPs twice a week for 12 weeks. After sacrifice, the levels of MP accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and pathological changes were measured in the mouse liver, and blood samples were collected for serum biochemistry analysis. Our results demonstrated that 0.5 µm PS-MPs were accumulated in mouse livers post-MP exposure, but not in the 5 µm MP exposure group. Simultaneously, increased levels of glucose, triglyceride, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), superoxide dismutase, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (HNE-MA), interleukin-6, and lipid droplets were found in the 0.5 µm MP exposure group, while the fewer responses, including elevated liver weight index, glucose, high-density lipoprotein, AST, and decreased HNE-MA were observed in 5 µm MP exposure group. These results indicate that sub-chronic exposure to submicron MPs causes MP deposition in mouse livers, which further induces oxidative stress, increases inflammatory cytokines and perturbs glucose and lipid homeostasis, which might trigger more severe metabolic dysfunction or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-like hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Han Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-An Lin
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Horng Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition and Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chun Chien
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Jen Cheng
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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Tsuruta H, Sugahara S, Kume S. Nutrient quality in dietary therapy for diabetes and diabetic kidney disease. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:973-981. [PMID: 38591876 PMCID: PMC11292394 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary therapy is crucial for diabetes care with the aim of preventing the onset and progression of diabetes and its complications. The traditional approach to dietary therapy for diabetes has primarily focused on restricting the intake of the three major nutrients and rigorously controlling blood glucose levels. However, advancements in nutritional science have shown that within the three major nutrients - carbohydrates, proteins and lipids - there exist multiple types, each with distinct impacts on type 2 diabetes and its complications, sometimes even showing conflicting effects. In light of this, the present review shifts its focus from the quantity to the quality of the three major nutrients. It aims to provide an overview of how the differences in nutrient quality can influence onset and progression of type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease, highlighting the diverse effects and, at times, contradictory impacts associated with each nutrient type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tsuruta
- Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuShigaJapan
| | - Sho Sugahara
- Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuShigaJapan
| | - Shinji Kume
- Department of MedicineShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuShigaJapan
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Cowan E, Sun J, Hamilton A, Ruhrmann S, Karagiannopoulos A, Westholm E, Ofori JK, Luan C, Zhang E, Mulder H, Eliasson L. MicroRNA 29 modulates β-cell mitochondrial metabolism and insulin secretion via underlying miR-29-OXPHOS complex pathways. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14180. [PMID: 38801063 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate β-cell function, and β-cell mitochondria and insulin secretion are perturbed in diabetes. We aimed to identify key miRNAs regulating β-cell mitochondrial metabolism and novel β-cell miRNA-mitochondrial pathways. METHODS TargetScan (http://www.targetscan.org/) was used to predict if 16 miRNAs implicated in β-cell function target 27 cis-eGenes implicated in mitochondrial activity. The expression of candidate miRNAs and insulin secretion after 24 and 1 h pre-incubation in 2.8, 11.1- and 16.7-mM glucose was measured in clonal INS-1 832/13 β-cells. MiR-29 silenced INS-1 832/13 cells were assessed for insulin secretion (glucose, pyruvate, and K+), target cis-eGene expression (Ndufv3 and Ndufa10 components of mitochondrial complex I (CI)), OXPHOS (CI-V) protein expression, and mitochondrial OXPHOS respiration/activity. The expression of differentially expressed miR-29 miRNAs was evaluated in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat, db/db mouse and type 2 diabetic (T2D) human islets, as well as NMRI mouse islets cultured under glucolipotoxic conditions. RESULTS MiR-29, miR-15 and miR-124 were predicted to regulate ~20 cis-eGenes, while miR-29 alone was predicted to regulate ≥12 of these in rat and human species. MiR-29 expression and insulin secretion were reduced in INS-1 832/13 cells after 24 h in elevated glucose. MiR-29 knockdown increased all tested insulin secretory responses, Nudfv3, Ndufa10, complex I and II expression, and cellular mitochondrial OXPHOS. MiR-29 expression was reduced in db/db islets but increased in GK rat and T2D human islets. CONCLUSION We conclude miR-29 is a key miRNA in regulating β-cell mitochondrial metabolism and insulin secretion via underlying miR-29-OXPHOS complex pathways. Furthermore, we infer reduced miR-29 expression compensatorily enhances insulin secretion under glucotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cowan
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Sun
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Hamilton
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Ruhrmann
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Karagiannopoulos
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Westholm
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J K Ofori
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - C Luan
- Diabetes-Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Zhang
- Diabetes-Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - H Mulder
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - L Eliasson
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Beunen K, Van den Abbeele F, Van Crombrugge P, Verhaeghe J, Vandeginste S, Verlaenen H, Maes T, Dufraimont E, Roggen N, De Block C, Jacquemyn Y, Mekahli F, De Clippel K, Van den Bruel A, Loccufier A, Laenen A, Devlieger R, Mathieu C, Benhalima K. Fetal size monitoring in women with gestational diabetes and normal glucose tolerance. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02330-0. [PMID: 39031189 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To monitor fetal size and identify predictors for birthweight in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). METHODS Cohort study of 1843 women universally screened for GDM, with routine ultrasounds each trimester. Women with GDM and NGT were categorized in subgroups by birthweight centile. RESULTS Of the total cohort, 231 (12.5%) women were diagnosed with GDM. Fetal size, incidence of large-for-gestational age (LGA: 12.3% of GDM vs. 12.9% of NGT, p = 0.822) and small-for-gestational age (SGA) neonates (4.8% of GDM vs. 5.1% of NGT, p = 0.886) were similar between GDM and NGT. GDM women with LGA neonates were more insulin resistant at baseline and had more often estimated fetal weight (EFW) ≥ P90 on the 28-33 weeks ultrasound (p = 0.033) than those with AGA (appropriate-for-gestational age) neonates. Compared to NGT women with AGA neonates, those with LGA neonates were more often obese and multiparous, had higher fasting glycemia, a worse lipid profile, and higher insulin resistance between 24 -28 weeks, with more often excessive gestational weight gain. On the 28-33 weeks ultrasound, abdominal circumference ≥ P95 had a high positive predictive value for LGA neonates in GDM (100%), whereas, in both GDM and NGT, EFW ≥ P90 and ≤ P10 had a high negative predictive value for LGA and SGA neonates (> 88%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS There were no differences in fetal size throughout pregnancy nor in LGA incidence between GDM and NGT women. EFW centile at 28-33 weeks correlated well with birthweight. This indicates that GDM treatment is effective and targeted ultrasound follow-up is useful. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT02036619. Registration date: January 15, 2014. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02036619 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Beunen
- Department of Endocrinology, UZ Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | | | - Paul Van Crombrugge
- Department of Endocrinology, Onze Lieve Vrouw (OLV) Hospital Aalst-Asse-Ninove, Moorselbaan 164, Aalst, 9300, Belgium
| | - Johan Verhaeghe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UZ Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vandeginste
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Onze Lieve Vrouw (OLV) Hospital Aalst-Asse-Ninove, Moorselbaan, Aalst, 164, 9300, Belgium
| | - Hilde Verlaenen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Onze Lieve Vrouw (OLV) Hospital Aalst-Asse-Ninove, Moorselbaan, Aalst, 164, 9300, Belgium
| | - Toon Maes
- Department of Endocrinology, Imelda Hospital Bonheiden, Imeldalaan 9, Bonheiden, 2820, Belgium
| | - Els Dufraimont
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imelda Hospital Bonheiden, Imeldalaan 9, Bonheiden, 2820, Belgium
| | - Nele Roggen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imelda Hospital Bonheiden, Imeldalaan 9, Bonheiden, 2820, Belgium
| | - Christophe De Block
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, Edegem, 2650, Belgium
| | - Yves Jacquemyn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, Edegem, 2650, Belgium
- Global Health Institute (GHI), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Farah Mekahli
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital St Jan Brussel, Kruidtuinlaan 32, Brussel, 1000, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Clippel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital St Jan Brussel, Kruidtuinlaan 32, Brussel, 1000, Belgium
| | - Annick Van den Bruel
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital St Jan Brugge, Ruddershove 10, Brugge, 8000, Belgium
| | - Anne Loccufier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital St Jan Brugge, Ruddershove 10, Brugge, 8000, Belgium
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- Center of Biostatics and Statistical bioinformatics, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 bloc d - box 7001, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Roland Devlieger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UZ Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Oosterveldlaan 24, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Department of Endocrinology, UZ Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Katrien Benhalima
- Department of Endocrinology, UZ Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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Ki MR, Youn S, Kim DH, Pack SP. Natural Compounds for Preventing Age-Related Diseases and Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7530. [PMID: 39062777 PMCID: PMC11276798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process influenced by hereditary factors, lifestyle, and environmental elements. As time progresses, the human body experiences degenerative changes in major functions. The external and internal signs of aging manifest in various ways, including skin dryness, wrinkles, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Additionally, cancer, like aging, is a complex disease that arises from the accumulation of various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Circadian clock dysregulation has recently been identified as an important risk factor for aging and cancer development. Natural compounds and herbal medicines have gained significant attention for their potential in preventing age-related diseases and inhibiting cancer progression. These compounds demonstrate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects as well as circadian clock regulation. This review explores age-related diseases, cancers, and the potential of specific natural compounds in targeting the key features of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ran Ki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Youn
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
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9
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Ekberg NR, Catrina SB, Spégel P. A protein-rich meal provides beneficial glycemic and hormonal responses as compared to meals enriched in carbohydrate, fat or fiber, in individuals with or without type-2 diabetes. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1395745. [PMID: 39027659 PMCID: PMC11257041 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1395745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diet stands as a pivotal modifiable risk factor influencing weight gain and the onset of type-2 diabetes (T2D). This study delves into the variation in glucose and regulatory pancreatic hormone levels subsequent to the consumption of meals with differing macronutrient compositions. Methods The cohort comprised 20 individuals diagnosed with T2D and 21 without diabetes. Participants underwent a cross-over design, consuming four isocaloric meals (600 kcal) enriched in carbohydrate, fiber, fat and protein. Plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon levels were measured at -30, and -5 min, followed by subsequent measurements every 30 min for 240 min post meal intake. Quantification of alterations in the postprandial state was accomplished through the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and the incremental peak height for the insulin:glucagon ratio (IGR) and plasma glucose levels. The meal demonstrating the lowest responses across these variables was deemed the optimal meal. Results Meals rich in protein and fat, and consequently low in carbohydrate, exhibited reduced incremental peak and iAUC for both glucose and the IGR in comparison to the other meals. While the protein-enriched meal neared optimal standards, it proved less efficient for individuals without T2D and possessing a low BMI, as well as in those with T2D and poor glycemic control. Conclusion Our findings endorse the adoption of protein-enriched, low-carbohydrate meals to curtail the meal-induced anabolic hormonal response while averting excessive fluctuations in glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rajamand Ekberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergiu-Bogdan Catrina
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Lacombe J, Ferron M. Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation in β-cells and diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:661-673. [PMID: 38429160 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin K is an essential micronutrient and a cofactor for the enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase, which adds a carboxyl group to specific glutamic acid residues in proteins transiting through the secretory pathway. Higher vitamin K intake has been linked to a reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans. Preclinical work suggests that this effect depends on the γ-carboxylation of specific proteins in β-cells, including endoplasmic reticulum Gla protein (ERGP), implicated in the control of intracellular Ca2+ levels. In this review we discuss these recent advances linking vitamin K and glucose metabolism, and argue that identification of γ-carboxylated proteins in β-cells is pivotal to better understand how vitamin K protects from T2D and to design targeted therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lacombe
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.
| | - Mathieu Ferron
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada; Programme de Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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11
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Di Loreto C, Celleno R, Pezzuto D, Ambrosi F, Bellavita S, Biagini M, Passeri M, Del Sindaco P. Effectiveness, Simplification and Persistence of IDegLira in Poorly Controlled People with Type 2 Diabetes: A 4-Year Follow-Up Real-World Study. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:1313-1331. [PMID: 38605275 PMCID: PMC11096145 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-024-01564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Efficacy and safety of the fixed ratio combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide (IDegLira) has been largely documented. However, long-term data are limited. This study aimed at describing persistence in therapy and the effectiveness at 48 months of IDegLira. METHODS We conducted an observational study based on retrospective chart review. All patients treated with IDegLira during 2018-2022 were included. Data on treatment approaches and clinical outcomes were collected at the first prescription of IDegLira (T0) and after 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months. RESULTS Overall, 156 patients (mean age 68 years, 64.1% men) started IDegLira, of whom 88 (56.4%) were previously treated with basal-oral therapy (BOT) and 68 (43.6%) with basal-bolus schemes (BB). Before starting IDegLira, 23.8% were treated with ≥ 2 oral antihyperglycemic agents in association with insulin; at T0, the proportion decreased to 3.2%. Short-acting insulin was discontinued after the first week. After 48 months, levels of HbA1c were significantly reduced by 1.34% in the BOT group and 1.07% in the BB group (p < 0.0001 in both groups). In the BOT group, FBG levels decreased by about 50 mg/dl and body weight was unchanged. In the BB group, FBG levels decreased by about 40 mg/dl and body weight was significantly reduced by an average of 7.7 kg. Five patients (3.2%) interrupted therapy with IDegLira during 48 months, and no severe hypoglycemia occurred. CONCLUSIONS Our study emphasizes the important role of IDegLira in maintaining a good metabolic control while minimizing the risk of major hypoglycemia and weight gain in the long term. The substantial simplification of treatment schemes can increase adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Loreto
- U.O.S. Diabetologia, Distretto del Perugino, USL Umbria 1, "Poliambulatorio Europa", Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roberta Celleno
- U.O.S. Diabetologia, Distretto del Perugino, USL Umbria 1, "Poliambulatorio Europa", Perugia, Italy
| | - Debora Pezzuto
- U.O.S. Diabetologia, Distretto del Perugino, USL Umbria 1, "Poliambulatorio Europa", Perugia, Italy
| | - Franca Ambrosi
- U.O.S. Diabetologia, Distretto del Perugino, USL Umbria 1, "Poliambulatorio Europa", Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellavita
- U.O.S. Diabetologia, Distretto del Perugino, USL Umbria 1, "Poliambulatorio Europa", Perugia, Italy
| | - Marinella Biagini
- U.O.S. Diabetologia, Distretto del Perugino, USL Umbria 1, "Poliambulatorio Europa", Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Passeri
- U.O.S. Diabetologia, Distretto del Perugino, USL Umbria 1, "Poliambulatorio Europa", Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Del Sindaco
- U.O.S. Diabetologia, Distretto del Perugino, USL Umbria 1, "Poliambulatorio Europa", Perugia, Italy
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12
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Wang H, Kwak SE, Zheng A, Arias EB, Pan X, Duan D, Cartee GD. Phosphorylation of AS160-serine 704 is not essential for exercise-increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by skeletal muscles from female or male rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E807-E818. [PMID: 38656130 PMCID: PMC11376492 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00010.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
One exercise session can increase subsequent insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) by skeletal muscle from rodents and humans of both sexes. We recently found that concurrent mutation of three key sites to prevent their phosphorylation (Ser588, Thr642, and Ser704) on Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160; also known as TBC1D4) reduced the magnitude of the enhancement of postexercise ISGU (PEX-ISGU) by muscle from male, but not female rats. However, we did not test the role of individual phosphorylation sites on PEX-ISGU. Accordingly, our current aim was to test whether AS160 Ser704 phosphorylation (pSer704) is required for elevated PEX-ISGU by muscle. AS160-knockout (AS160-KO) rats (female and male) were studied when either in sedentary or 3 h after acute exercise. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors were used to enable muscle expression of wild-type AS160 (AAV-WT-AS160) or AS160 mutated Ser704 to alanine to prevent phosphorylation (AAV-1P-AS160). Paired epitrochlearis muscles from each rat were injected with AAV-WT-AS160 or AAV-1P-AS160. We discovered that regardless of sex 1) AS160 abundance in AS160-KO rats was similar in paired muscles expressing WT-AS160 versus 1P-AS160; 2) muscles from exercised versus sedentary rats had greater ISGU, and PEX-ISGU was slightly greater for muscles expressing 1P-AS160 versus contralateral muscles expressing WT-AS160; and 3) pAS160Thr642 was lower in muscles expressing 1P-AS160 versus paired muscles expressing WT-AS160. These results indicate that pAS160Ser704 was not essential for elevated PEX-ISGU by skeletal muscle from rats of either sex. Furthermore, elimination of the postexercise increase in pAS160Thr642 did not lessen the postexercise effect on ISGU.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The current study evaluated the role of Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation on Ser704 in increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by skeletal muscle after exercise. Adeno-associated virus vectors were engineered to express either wild-type-AS160 or AS160 mutated so that it could not be phosphorylated on Ser704 in paired muscles from AS160-knockout rats. The results demonstrated that AS160 phosphorylation on Ser704 was not essential for exercise-induced elevation in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by rats of either sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Seong Eun Kwak
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Amy Zheng
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Edward B Arias
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Xiufang Pan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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13
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Alidoust L, Sharafshah A, Keshavarz P. Haplotype-based association study of TCF7L2 gene variants with the development of diabetic retinopathy in an Iranian population. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:226-232. [PMID: 38514248 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2024.2318611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is recognized as one of the most prevalent complications of diabetes and a major cause of morbidity. Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), a pivotal component in the Wnt-signaling pathway, plays a significant role in β-cell development, blood-glucose homeostasis, cell survival, cell migration, and cell proliferation. Thus, this study aimed to assess the association between TCF7L2 variants (rs7903146, rs11196205, and rs12255372) with DR in a population-based association study. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA was extracted from whole blood of all subjects by salting-out procedure. Total 524 T2DM patients including 234 T2DM individuals without DR and 290 T2DM individuals with DR were genotyped by TaqMan assay technology. Clinical characteristics of subjects were conducted to evaluate the plausible association between TCF7L2 variants and DR with univariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS Demographic analysis between case and control groups revealed significant differences in FBS, HbA1c, lipidemia, heart disease, and family history of T2DM (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in either genotypes distribution or allele frequency (p > 0.05) between T2DM individuals with and without DR in any models of inheritance. Genotype-phenotype association showed no significant association. Result of analysis indicated that HbAlc with adjusted OR of 1.8 (p < 0.0001) and first-degree relatives of family history with adjusted OR of 3.04 (p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with DR. Finally, haplotype analysis showed no noticeable association. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there was no significant genetic association between rs7903146, rs11196205, and rs12255372 with DR among T2DM Iranians; however, these variants may play unknown roles in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Alidoust
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharafshah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Biotechnology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Keshavarz
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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14
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Liu R, Wang L, Zhong W, Xu L, Li L, He C, Wei Q. Triglyceride glucose index combined with body mass index and its 4-year change with the risk of hypertension in middle-aged and older Chinese: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1381-1388. [PMID: 38494367 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To explore the association of triglyceride glucose index-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and its dynamic changes with the risk of hypertension among middle-aged and older Chinese adults based on a large-sample prospective cohort study. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants over 45 years old and without a history of hypertension were included from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study registry. Data were collected in 2011 and followed up in 2015. TyG index and TyG-BMI were calculated as ln (triglyceride∗glucose/2) and TyG index∗BMI, respectively. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the relationship between the TyG index, TyG-BMI and their dynamic change and the risk of hypertension. In the analyses, 3885 participants were included. After 4 years of follow-up, 1705 (43.89 %) patients developed hypertension. Logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjustments for all potential confounding factors, the highest tertile of baseline TyG index, baseline TyG-BMI, and the dynamic change in TyG-BMI were each associated with higher hypertension incidence than the lowest tertile: OR,1.38, 95 % CI, 1.17-1.63, OR,1.28, 95 % CI, 1.06-1.56, and OR, 1.26, 95 % CI, 1.07-1.48, respectively, whereas TyG index change was not. Moreover, the risk of hypertension increased with increasing levels of baseline TyG index (P for trend < 0.001), baseline TyG-BMI (P for trend = 0.013), and the dynamic change in TyG-BMI (P for trend = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The baseline TyG index, baseline TyG-BMI, and the dynamic changes in TyG-BMI were significantly and positively associated with the risk of hypertension in Chinese adults older than 45 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Quan Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Małkowska P. Positive Effects of Physical Activity on Insulin Signaling. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5467-5487. [PMID: 38920999 PMCID: PMC11202552 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is integral to metabolic health, particularly in addressing insulin resistance and related disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Studies consistently demonstrate a strong association between physical activity levels and insulin sensitivity. Regular exercise interventions were shown to significantly improve glycemic control, highlighting exercise as a recommended therapeutic strategy for reducing insulin resistance. Physical inactivity is closely linked to islet cell insufficiency, exacerbating insulin resistance through various pathways including ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Conversely, physical training and exercise preserve and restore islet function, enhancing peripheral insulin sensitivity. Exercise interventions stimulate β-cell proliferation through increased circulating levels of growth factors, further emphasizing its role in maintaining pancreatic health and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, sedentary lifestyles contribute to elevated oxidative stress levels and ceramide production, impairing insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. Regular exercise induces anti-inflammatory responses, enhances antioxidant defenses, and promotes mitochondrial function, thereby improving insulin sensitivity and metabolic efficiency. Encouraging individuals to adopt active lifestyles and engage in regular exercise is crucial for preventing and managing insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders, ultimately promoting overall health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Małkowska
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
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16
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Tripathi P, Kadam N, Tiwari D, Vyawahare A, Sharma B, Kathrikolly T, Kuppusamy M, Vijayakumar V. Oral glucose tolerance test clearance in type 2 diabetes patients who underwent remission following intense lifestyle modification: A quasi-experimental study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302777. [PMID: 38701059 PMCID: PMC11068193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving diabetes remission (HbA1c<48mmol/mol without the use of anti-diabetic medication for 3 months) might not assure restoration of a normal glycemic profile [fasting blood sugar level <5.6 mmol/L and Post-Prandial (PP) blood glucose <7.8mmol/L]. The study investigates the factors associated with OGTT clearance in patients under type 2 diabetes remission. Four hundred participants who achieved remission during a one-year online structured lifestyle modification program, which included a plant-based diet, physical activity, psychological support, and medical management (between January 2021 and June 2022), and appeared for the OGTT were included in the study. OGTT clearance was defined by fasting blood glucose < 5.6 mmol/L and 2-hour post-prandial blood glucose <7.8 mmol/L post-consumption of 75g glucose solution. Of the 400 participants, 207 (52%) cleared OGTT and 175 (44%) had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). A shorter diabetes duration (<5 years) was significantly associated with OGTT clearance (p<0.05). Pre-intervention use of glucose-lowering drugs showed no association with OGTT clearance (p<0.1). Post-intervention, the OGTT-cleared group showed significantly higher weight loss (p<0.05) and a decrease in HbA1c compared to the IGT group (p<0.05). Improvement in Insulin resistance and β-cell function was also higher in the OGTT-cleared group compared to the IGT group (p<0.05). In conclusion, clearing the OGTT is a possibility for those achieving remission through lifestyle interventions. Higher weight loss, a shorter duration of diabetes, and improvement in insulin resistance were significantly associated with OGTT clearance in participants in remission. Future randomized controlled trials with longer follow-ups may help substantiate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Tripathi
- Department of Research, Freedom from Diabetes Research Foundation, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nidhi Kadam
- Department of Research, Freedom from Diabetes Research Foundation, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Diptika Tiwari
- Department of Research, Freedom from Diabetes Research Foundation, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anagha Vyawahare
- Department of Research, Freedom from Diabetes Research Foundation, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Baby Sharma
- Department of Research, Freedom from Diabetes Research Foundation, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Thejas Kathrikolly
- Department of Research, Freedom from Diabetes Research Foundation, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Maheshkumar Kuppusamy
- Department of Physiology, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College and Hospital, Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venugopal Vijayakumar
- Department of Yoga, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Chen YT, Lin CC, Huang PH, Li SY. Comparative analysis of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis on the risk of new onset diabetes mellitus. J Formos Med Assoc 2024; 123:606-612. [PMID: 38220559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality in dialysis patients. The impact of different dialysis modalities on the risk of new onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) remains a subject of debate. Previous studies did not adequately account for critical confounding factors such as pre-dialysis glycemic status, medication use, and nutritional status, which may influence the association between dialysis modality and NODM risk. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1426 non-diabetic end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who underwent either hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) at a single medical center. We used different statistical methods, adjusting for potential confounding factors, and accounted for competing risk of death. RESULTS Over 12 years, 331 patients (23 %) developed NODM. After adjusting for potential confounding factors and mortality, PD patients had a significantly higher risk of NODM compared to HD patients (adjusted HR 1.52, p = 0.001). A propensity-matched cohort sensitivity analysis yielded similar results. Among patients with prediabetes, those receiving PD had a 2.93 times higher risk of developing NODM than those receiving HD (p for interaction <0.001), whereas no significant difference was observed among euglycemic patients. NODM was also associated with a 1.78 times increased risk of major cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that PD treatment may increase the risk of NODM in ESRD patients, particularly among those with preexisting prediabetes. These findings highlight the importance of personalized treatment approaches, and nephrologists should consider prediabetes when choosing the dialysis modality for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Tai Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; University of Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Depart of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Szu-Yuan Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Depart of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Adhikary K, Sarkar R, Maity S, Banerjee I, Chatterjee P, Bhattacharya K, Ahuja D, Sinha NK, Maiti R. The underlying causes, treatment options of gut microbiota and food habits in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 35:153-168. [PMID: 38748886 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2024-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a long-lasting endocrine disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia, which is often triggered by an entire or relative inadequacy of insulin production or insulin resistance. As a result of resistance to insulin (IR) and an overall lack of insulin in the body, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic illness that is characterized by hyperglycaemia. Notably, the occurrence of vascular complications of diabetes and the advancement of IR in T2DM are accompanied by dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Due to the difficulties in managing the disease and the dangers of multiple accompanying complications, diabetes is a chronic, progressive immune-mediated condition that plays a significant clinical and health burden on patients. The frequency and incidence of diabetes among young people have been rising worldwide. The relationship between the gut microbiota composition and the physio-pathological characteristics of T2DM proposes a novel way to monitor the condition and enhance the effectiveness of therapies. Our knowledge of the microbiota of the gut and how it affects health and illness has changed over the last 20 years. Species of the genus Eubacterium, which make up a significant portion of the core animal gut microbiome, are some of the recently discovered 'generation' of possibly helpful bacteria. In this article, we have focused on pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches towards T2DM, with a special reference to gut bacteria from ancient times to the present day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Adhikary
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science, Centurion University of Technology & Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Riya Sarkar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, 231513 Dr. B. C. Roy Academy of Professional Courses , Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Sriparna Maity
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, 231513 Dr. B. C. Roy Academy of Professional Courses , Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Ipsita Banerjee
- Department of Nutrition, Paramedical College Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Prity Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Paramedical College Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Koushik Bhattacharya
- School of Paramedics and Allied Health Sciences, Centurion University of Technology & Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Deepika Ahuja
- School of Paramedics and Allied Health Sciences, Centurion University of Technology & Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nirmalya Kumar Sinha
- Department of Nutrition and Department of NSS, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajkumar Maiti
- Department of Physiology, 326624 Bankura Christian College , Bankura, West Bengal, India
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19
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Bai X, Zhao X, Liu K, Yang X, He Q, Gao Y, Li W, Han W. Mulberry Leaf Compounds and Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes: A Study Using Network Pharmacology, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Cellular Assays. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4062. [PMID: 38612872 PMCID: PMC11012793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, studies have reported a correlation that individuals with diabetes show an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mulberry leaves, serving as both a traditional medicinal herb and a food source, exhibit significant hypoglycemic and antioxidative properties. The flavonoid compounds in mulberry leaf offer therapeutic effects for relieving diabetic symptoms and providing neuroprotection. However, the mechanisms of this effect have not been fully elucidated. This investigation aimed to investigate the combined effects of specific mulberry leaf flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin, rhamnocitrin, tetramethoxyluteolin, and norartocarpetin) on both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and AD. Additionally, the role of the gut microbiota in these two diseases' treatment was studied. Using network pharmacology, we investigated the potential mechanisms of flavonoids in mulberry leaves, combined with gut microbiota, in combating AD and T2DM. In addition, we identified protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) as a key target for kaempferol in these two diseases. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations showed that kaempferol has the potential to inhibit PTP1B for indirect treatment of AD, which was proven by measuring the IC50 of kaempferol (279.23 μM). The cell experiment also confirmed the dose-dependent effect of kaempferol on the phosphorylation of total cellular protein in HepG2 cells. This research supports the concept of food-medicine homology and broadens the range of medical treatments for diabetes and AD, highlighting the prospect of integrating traditional herbal remedies with modern medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.B.); (X.Z.); (K.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.H.); (Y.G.)
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.B.); (X.Z.); (K.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.H.); (Y.G.)
| | - Kaifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.B.); (X.Z.); (K.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.H.); (Y.G.)
| | - Xiaotang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.B.); (X.Z.); (K.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.H.); (Y.G.)
| | - Qizheng He
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.B.); (X.Z.); (K.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.H.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yilin Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.B.); (X.Z.); (K.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.H.); (Y.G.)
| | - Wannan Li
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weiwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.B.); (X.Z.); (K.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.H.); (Y.G.)
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20
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Banerjee O, Singh S, Paul T, Maji BK, Mukherjee S. Centella asiatica mitigates the detrimental effects of Bisphenol-A (BPA) on pancreatic islets. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8043. [PMID: 38580733 PMCID: PMC10997607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is widely used in food packaging and household products, leading to daily human exposure and potential health risks including metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Understanding BPA's mechanisms and developing intervention strategies is urgent. Centella asiatica, a traditional herbal medicine containing pentacyclic triterpenoids, shows promise due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, utilized for centuries in Ayurvedic therapy. We investigated the effect of Centella asiatica (CA) ethanol extract on BPA-induced pancreatic islet toxicity in male Swiss albino mice. BPA administration (10 and 100 μg/kg body weight, twice daily) for 21 days caused glucose homeostasis disturbances, insulin resistance, and islet dysfunction, which were partially mitigated by CA supplementation (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight). Additionally, heightened oxidative stress, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), abnormal cell cycle, and increased apoptosis were implicated in the detrimental impact of BPA on the endocrine pancreas which were effectively counteracted by CA supplementation. In summary, CA demonstrated a significant ability to mitigate BPA-induced apoptosis, modulate redox homeostasis, alleviate inflammation, preserve MMP, and regulate the cell cycle. As a result, CA emerged as a potent agent in neutralizing the diabetogenic effects of BPA to a considerable extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oly Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly, West Bengal, 712201, India
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Swami Vivekananda University, Bara Kanthalia, West Bengal, 700121, India
| | - Siddhartha Singh
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly, West Bengal, 712201, India
| | - Tiyesh Paul
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly, West Bengal, 712201, India
| | - Bithin Kumar Maji
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly, West Bengal, 712201, India
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, 9 William Carey Road, Serampore, Hooghly, West Bengal, 712201, India.
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21
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Coant N, Rendja K, Bellini L, Flamment M, Lherminier J, Portha B, Codogno P, Le Stunff H. Role of Sphingosine Kinase 1 in Glucolipotoxicity-Induced Early Activation of Autophagy in INS-1 Pancreatic β Cells. Cells 2024; 13:636. [PMID: 38607078 PMCID: PMC11011436 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin-producing pancreatic β cells play a crucial role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, and their failure is a key event for diabetes development. Prolonged exposure to palmitate in the presence of elevated glucose levels, termed gluco-lipotoxicity, is known to induce β cell apoptosis. Autophagy has been proposed to be regulated by gluco-lipotoxicity in order to favor β cell survival. However, the role of palmitate metabolism in gluco-lipotoxcity-induced autophagy is presently unknown. We therefore treated INS-1 cells for 6 and 24 h with palmitate in the presence of low and high glucose concentrations and then monitored autophagy. Gluco-lipotoxicity induces accumulation of LC3-II levels in INS-1 at 6 h which returns to basal levels at 24 h. Using the RFP-GFP-LC3 probe, gluco-lipotoxicity increased both autophagosomes and autolysosmes structures, reflecting early stimulation of an autophagy flux. Triacsin C, a potent inhibitor of the long fatty acid acetyl-coA synthase, completely prevents LC3-II formation and recruitment to autophagosomes, suggesting that autophagic response requires palmitate metabolism. In contrast, etomoxir and bromo-palmitate, inhibitors of fatty acid mitochondrial β-oxidation, are unable to prevent gluco-lipotoxicity-induced LC3-II accumulation and recruitment to autophagosomes. Moreover, bromo-palmitate and etomoxir potentiate palmitate autophagic response. Even if gluco-lipotoxicity raised ceramide levels in INS-1 cells, ceramide synthase 4 overexpression does not potentiate LC3-II accumulation. Gluco-lipotoxicity also still stimulates an autophagic flux in the presence of an ER stress repressor. Finally, selective inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) activity precludes gluco-lipotoxicity to induce LC3-II accumulation. Moreover, SphK1 overexpression potentiates autophagic flux induced by gluco-lipotxicity. Altogether, our results indicate that early activation of autophagy by gluco-lipotoxicity is mediated by SphK1, which plays a protective role in β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Coant
- Unité BFA, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, 75006 Paris, France; (N.C.); (B.P.)
- Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Karima Rendja
- Unité BFA, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, 75006 Paris, France; (N.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Lara Bellini
- Unité BFA, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, 75006 Paris, France; (N.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Mélissa Flamment
- Inserm, UMR-S 872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jeannine Lherminier
- INRA, UMR1347 Agroécologie, ERL CNRS 6300, Plateforme DImaCell, Centre de Microscopie INRA/Université de Bourgogne, 21065 Dijon, France
| | - Bernard Portha
- Unité BFA, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, 75006 Paris, France; (N.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Patrice Codogno
- INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Unité BFA, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, 75006 Paris, France; (N.C.); (B.P.)
- CNRS UMR 9197, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, University Paris, 91400 Saclay, France
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22
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Godsland IF, Johnston DG, Alberti K, Oliver N. The importance of intravenous glucose tolerance test glucose stimulus for the evaluation of insulin secretion. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7451. [PMID: 38548796 PMCID: PMC10978989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
For 100 years, the Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) has been used extensively in researching the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and AIRg-the IVGTT-induced acute insulin response to the rapid rise in circulating glucose-is a key measure of insulin secretory capacity. For an effective evaluation of AIRg, IVGTT glucose loading should be adjusted for glucose distribution volume (gVOL) to provide an invariant, trend-free immediate rise in circulating glucose (ΔG0). Body weight-based glucose loads have been widely used but whether these achieve a trend-free ΔG0 does not appear to have been investigated. By analysing variation in AIRg, ΔG0 and gVOL with a range of IVGTT loads, both observed and simulated, we explored the hypothesis that there would be an optimum anthropometry-based IVGTT load calculation that, by achieving a trend-free ΔG0, would not compromise evaluation of AIRg as an index of beta cell function. Data derived from patient and research volunteer records for 3806 IVGTT glucose and insulin profiles. Among the non-obese, as gVOL rose, weight increased disproportionately rapidly. Consequently, the IVGTT glucose load needed for an invariant ΔG0 was progressively overestimated, accounting for 47% of variation in AIRg. Among the obese, ΔG0 was trend-free yet AIRg increased by 11.6% per unit body mass index, consistent with a more proportionate increase in weight with gVOL and a hyperinsulinaemic adaptation to adiposity-associated insulin resistance. Simulations further confirmed our hypothesis by demonstrating that a body surface area-based IVGTT load calculation could provide for a more generally invariant IVGTT ΔG0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian F Godsland
- Division of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Wynn Reader in Human Metabolism, Section of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London (St Mary's Campus), Room G1, Norfolk Place, London, W2 2NH, UK.
| | - Desmond G Johnston
- Division of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, St Marys Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kgmm Alberti
- Division of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Oliver
- Division of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, St Marys Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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23
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Enders-Seidlitz H, Raile K, Gong M, Galler A, Kuehnen P, Wiegand S. Insulin Secretion Defect in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: Clinical and Molecular Genetic Characterization. J Diabetes Res 2024; 2024:5558634. [PMID: 38550917 PMCID: PMC10977255 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5558634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood obesity is increasing worldwide and presents as a global health issue due to multiple metabolic comorbidities. About 1% of adolescents with obesity develop type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, little is known about the genetic and pathophysiological background at young age. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) in a large cohort of children and adolescents with obesity and to characterize insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. We also wanted to investigate adolescents with insulin secretion disorder more closely and analyze possible candidate genes of diabetes in a subcohort. Methods We included children and adolescents with obesity who completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, glucose + insulin) in the outpatient clinic. We calculated Matsuda index, the area under the curve (AUC (Ins/Glu)), and an oral disposition index (ISSI-2) to estimate insulin resistance and beta-cell function. We identified patients with IGR and low insulin secretion (maximum insulin during OGTT < 200 mU/l) and tested a subgroup using next generation sequencing to identify possible mutations in 103 candidate genes. Results The total group consisted of 903 children and adolescents with obesity. 4.5% showed impaired fasting glucose, 9.4% impaired glucose tolerance, and 1.2% T2D. Matsuda index and Total AUC (Ins/Glu) showed a hyperbolic relationship. Out of 39 patients with low insulin secretion, we performed genetic testing on 12 patients. We found five monogenetic defects (ABCC8 (n = 3), GCK (n = 1), and GLI2/PTF1A (n = 1)). Conclusion Using surrogate parameters of beta-cell function and insulin resistance can help identify patients with insulin secretion disorder. A prevalence of 40% mutations of known diabetes genes in the subgroup with low insulin secretion suggests that at least 1.7% of patients with adolescent obesity have monogenic diabetes. A successful molecular genetic diagnosis can help to improve individual therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maolian Gong
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Murai N, Saito N, Oka R, Nii S, Nishikawa H, Suzuki A, Kodama E, Iida T, Mikura K, Imai H, Hashizume M, Tadokoro R, Sugisawa C, Iizaka T, Otsuka F, Ishibashi S, Nagasaka S. Body Roundness Index Is Better Correlated with Insulin Sensitivity than Body Shape Index in Young and Middle-Aged Japanese Persons. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:151-159. [PMID: 38190317 PMCID: PMC10951619 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: The present study aimed to clarify the relationships between novel and traditional anthropometric indices and insulin sensitivity (SI) in young and middle-aged Japanese persons with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), and middle-aged Japanese persons with NGT and glucose intolerance. Methods: Plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured in 1270 young (age <40 years) and 2153 middle-aged persons with NGT (n = 1531) and glucose intolerance (n = 622) during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Height (Ht), weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured. The body mass index (BMI), WC, and the WC/Ht ratio were used as traditional anthropometric indices. A body shape index (ABSI) and the body roundness index (BRI) were calculated as novel indices. Indices of SI (Matsuda index and 1/homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) were calculated and compared with anthropometric indices. Results: The ABSI showed a weak correlation with SI indices in all groups. The BRI showed almost the same correlation with SI indices as the BMI, WC, and WC/Ht in all groups. The inverse correlation between each of the anthropometric indices other than ABSI and SI indices was weak in young persons, at 0.16-0.27 (Spearman's ρ values), but strong in middle-aged persons, at 0.38-1.00. On receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for detection of insulin resistance, the ABSI had a lower area under the ROC curve (AUC) than the other anthropometric indices, and the BRI and the WC/Ht ratio showed similar AUCs. The AUCs for the BRI and WC/Ht ratio were the highest in middle-aged men with NGT and glucose intolerance. Conclusions: The BRI, not the ABSI, was better correlated with SI in young and middle-aged Japanese persons. The BRI and WC/Ht ratio were comparable in their correlations with SI and the detection of insulin resistance in the participants of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Murai
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoko Saito
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Rie Oka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hokuriku Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sayuri Nii
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroto Nishikawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Asami Suzuki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eriko Kodama
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iida
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mikura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Imai
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mai Hashizume
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rie Tadokoro
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chiho Sugisawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Iizaka
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumiko Otsuka
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Nagasaka
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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25
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Szablewski L. Changes in Cells Associated with Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2397. [PMID: 38397072 PMCID: PMC10889819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted by pancreatic β-cells. It plays an important role as a metabolic hormone. Insulin influences the metabolism of glucose, regulating plasma glucose levels and stimulating glucose storage in organs such as the liver, muscles and adipose tissue. It is involved in fat metabolism, increasing the storage of triglycerides and decreasing lipolysis. Ketone body metabolism also depends on insulin action, as insulin reduces ketone body concentrations and influences protein metabolism. It increases nitrogen retention, facilitates the transport of amino acids into cells and increases the synthesis of proteins. Insulin also inhibits protein breakdown and is involved in cellular growth and proliferation. On the other hand, defects in the intracellular signaling pathways of insulin may cause several disturbances in human metabolism, resulting in several chronic diseases. Insulin resistance, also known as impaired insulin sensitivity, is due to the decreased reaction of insulin signaling for glucose levels, seen when glucose use in response to an adequate concentration of insulin is impaired. Insulin resistance may cause, for example, increased plasma insulin levels. That state, called hyperinsulinemia, impairs metabolic processes and is observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Hyperinsulinemia may increase the risk of initiation, progression and metastasis of several cancers and may cause poor cancer outcomes. Insulin resistance is a health problem worldwide; therefore, mechanisms of insulin resistance, causes and types of insulin resistance and strategies against insulin resistance are described in this review. Attention is also paid to factors that are associated with the development of insulin resistance, the main and characteristic symptoms of particular syndromes, plus other aspects of severe insulin resistance. This review mainly focuses on the description and analysis of changes in cells due to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Szablewski
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego Str. 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Boyd ED, Zhang L, Ding G, Li L, Lu M, Li Q, Huang R, Kaur J, Hu J, Chopp M, Zhang Z, Jiang Q. The Glymphatic Response to the Development of Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:401. [PMID: 38398003 PMCID: PMC10886551 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system has recently been shown to be important in neurological diseases, including diabetes. However, little is known about how the progressive onset of diabetes affects the glymphatic system. The aim of this study is to investigate the glymphatic system response to the progressive onset of diabetes in a rat model of type 2 diabetic mellitus. Male Wistar rats (n = 45) with and without diabetes were evaluated using MRI glymphatic tracer kinetics, functional tests, and brain tissue immunohistochemistry. Our data demonstrated that the contrast agent clearance impairment gradually progressed with the diabetic duration. The MRI data showed that an impairment in contrast clearance occurred prior to the cognitive deficits detected using functional tests and permitted the detection of an early DM stage compared to the immuno-histopathology and cognitive tests. Additionally, the quantitative MRI markers of brain waste clearance demonstrated region-dependent sensitivity in glymphatic impairment. The improved sensitivity of MRI markers in the olfactory bulb and the whole brain at an early DM stage may be attributed to the important role of the olfactory bulb in the parenchymal efflux pathway. MRI can provide sensitive quantitative markers of glymphatic impairment during the progression of DM and can be used as a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of DM with a potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D. Boyd
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, E&R B126, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.Z.); (G.D.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (J.K.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (Q.J.)
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, E&R B126, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.Z.); (G.D.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (J.K.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (Q.J.)
| | - Guangliang Ding
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, E&R B126, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.Z.); (G.D.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (J.K.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (Q.J.)
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, E&R B126, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.Z.); (G.D.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (J.K.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (Q.J.)
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, E&R B126, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.Z.); (G.D.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (J.K.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (Q.J.)
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, E&R B126, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.Z.); (G.D.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (J.K.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (Q.J.)
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, E&R B126, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.Z.); (G.D.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (J.K.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (Q.J.)
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, E&R B126, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.Z.); (G.D.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (J.K.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (Q.J.)
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 28202, USA
| | - Zhenggang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, E&R B126, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.Z.); (G.D.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (J.K.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (Q.J.)
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 28202, USA
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, E&R B126, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.Z.); (G.D.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (J.K.); (M.C.); (Z.Z.); (Q.J.)
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 28202, USA
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27
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Lu Y, Xu J, Li Y, Wang R, Dai C, Zhang B, Zhang X, Xu L, Tao Y, Han M, Guo R, Wu Q, Wu L, Meng Z, Tan M, Li J. DRAK2 suppresses autophagy by phosphorylating ULK1 at Ser 56 to diminish pancreatic β cell function upon overnutrition. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eade8647. [PMID: 38324636 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade8647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Impeded autophagy can impair pancreatic β cell function by causing apoptosis, of which DAP-related apoptosis-inducing kinase-2 (DRAK2) is a critical regulator. Here, we identified a marked up-regulation of DRAK2 in pancreatic tissue across humans, macaques, and mice with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Further studies in mice showed that conditional knockout (cKO) of DRAK2 in pancreatic β cells protected β cell function against high-fat diet feeding along with sustained autophagy and mitochondrial function. Phosphoproteome analysis in isolated mouse primary islets revealed that DRAK2 directly phosphorylated unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) at Ser56, which was subsequently found to induce ULK1 ubiquitylation and suppress autophagy. ULK1-S56A mutation or pharmacological inhibition of DRAK2 preserved mitochondrial function and insulin secretion against lipotoxicity in mouse primary islets, Min6 cells, or INS-1E cells. In conclusion, these findings together indicate an indispensable role of the DRAK2-ULK1 axis in pancreatic β cells upon metabolic challenge, which offers a potential target to protect β cell function in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ruoran Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Chengqiu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bingqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, P. R. China
| | - Yunhua Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Ren Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Qingqian Wu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Linshi Wu
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, 201112, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoxian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Minjia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Kim JY, Kim NH. Initial Combination Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:23-32. [PMID: 38031401 PMCID: PMC10901659 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive disease in which it is challenging to achieve long-term durable glycemic control. However, intensive glycemic control is crucial for preventing diabetes-related complications. Previous studies showed that monotherapy with a stepwise add-on approach was seldom effective for long-term durable glycemic control. Combination therapy, which refers to the use of two or more drugs to control hyperglycemia, has multiple benefits, including the ability to target a variety of pathophysiological processes underlying hyperglycemia. In clinical trials, initial combination therapy showed better glycemic control than monotherapy or a stepwise approach. Emerging evidence indicates that initial combination therapy is associated with preserved β-cell function and fewer complications in T2D. However, cost-effectiveness and adverse events with combination therapy are issues that should be considered. Therefore, initial combination therapy is an important option for patients with T2D that clinicians should consider with a view toward balancing benefits and potential harms. In this review, we summarize the literature addressing initial combination therapy in T2D, and we suggest optimal strategies based on clinical situations and patient characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Brewer PC, Ojo DT, Broughton PX, Imeh-Nathaniel A, Imeh-Nathaniel S, Nathaniel TI. Risk Factors Associated With Exclusion of Obese Patients Ischemic Stroke With a History of Smoking From Thrombolysis Therapy. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2024; 30:10760296241246264. [PMID: 38600881 PMCID: PMC11010763 DOI: 10.1177/10760296241246264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine risk factors that may contribute to exclusion decision from recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with a combined current or history of smoking and obesity. This study was conducted on data from 5469 patients with AIS collected from a regional stroke registry. Risk factors associated with inclusion or exclusion from rtPA were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval for each risk factor were used to predict the increasing odds of an association of a specific risk factor with exclusion from rtPA. In the adjusted analysis, obese patients with AIS with a history of smoking (current and previous) excluded from rtPA were more likely to present with carotid artery stenosis (OR = 0.069, 95% CI 0.011-0.442), diabetes (OR = 0.604, 95% CI 0.366-0.997), higher total cholesterol (OR = 0.975, 95% CI 0.956-0.995), and history of alcohol use (OR = 0.438, 95% CI 0.232-0.828). Higher NIHSS score (OR = 1.051, 95% CI 1.017-1.086), higher triglycerides (OR = 1.004, 95% CI 1.001-1.006), and higher high-density lipoprotein (OR = 1.028, 95% CI 1.000-1.057) were associated with the inclusion for rtPA. Our findings reveal specific risk factors that contribute to the exclusion of patients with AIS with a combined effect of smoking and obesity from rtPA. These findings suggest the need to develop management strategies to improve the use of rtPA for obese patients with AIS with a history of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C. Brewer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine-Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Dami T. Ojo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine-Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Philip X. Broughton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine-Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas I. Nathaniel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine-Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
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30
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Speck SL, Bhatt DP, Zhang Q, Adak S, Yin L, Dong G, Feng C, Zhang W, Ben Major M, Wei X, Semenkovich CF. Hepatic palmitoyl-proteomes and acyl-protein thioesterase protein proximity networks link lipid modification and mitochondria. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113389. [PMID: 37925639 PMCID: PMC10872372 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl-protein thioesterases 1 and 2 (APT1 and APT2) reverse S-acylation, a potential regulator of systemic glucose metabolism in mammals. Palmitoylation proteomics in liver-specific knockout mice shows that APT1 predominates over APT2, primarily depalmitoylating mitochondrial proteins, including proteins linked to glutamine metabolism. miniTurbo-facilitated determination of the protein-protein proximity network of APT1 and APT2 in HepG2 cells reveals APT proximity networks encompassing mitochondrial proteins including the major translocases Tomm20 and Timm44. APT1 also interacts with Slc1a5 (ASCT2), the only glutamine transporter known to localize to mitochondria. High-fat-diet-fed male mice with dual (but not single) hepatic deletion of APT1 and APT2 have insulin resistance, fasting hyperglycemia, increased glutamine-driven gluconeogenesis, and decreased liver mass. These data suggest that APT1 and APT2 regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin signaling is functionally redundant. Identification of substrates and protein-protein proximity networks for APT1 and APT2 establishes a framework for defining mechanisms underlying metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Speck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dhaval P Bhatt
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sangeeta Adak
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Li Yin
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Guifang Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Chu Feng
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - M Ben Major
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaochao Wei
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Yang W, Jiang W, Guo S. Regulation of Macronutrients in Insulin Resistance and Glucose Homeostasis during Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023; 15:4671. [PMID: 37960324 PMCID: PMC10647592 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is an important feature of metabolic syndrome and a precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Overnutrition-induced obesity is a major risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. The intake of macronutrients plays a key role in maintaining energy balance. The components of macronutrients distinctly regulate insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Precisely adjusting the beneficial food compound intake is important for the prevention of insulin resistance and T2DM. Here, we reviewed the effects of different components of macronutrients on insulin sensitivity and their underlying mechanisms, including fructose, dietary fiber, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and amino acids. Understanding the diet-gene interaction will help us to better uncover the molecular mechanisms of T2DM and promote the application of precision nutrition in practice by integrating multi-omics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (W.Y.); (W.J.)
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Araj-Khodaei M, Ayati MH, Azizi Zeinalhajlou A, Novinbahador T, Yousefi M, Shiri M, Mahmoodpoor A, Shamekh A, Namazi N, Sanaie S. Berberine-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 and its mechanism for controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive pathway review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37921026 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2258559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: A growing number of studies have thus far showed the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the intestinal microbiome homoeostasis. As reported, the gut microflora can be significantly different in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) compared to those in healthy individuals.Methods: The authors collected the relevant articles published until 2022 and these are carefully selected from three scientific databases based on keywords.Discussion: This review highlights research on the anti-diabetic properties of berberine (BBR)-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), as a glucose-lowering factor and a balance regulator in the microbial flora of the intestines, which plays an important role in adjusting the signalling pathways affecting insulin secretion.Results: Considering the anti-diabetic characteristics of the BBR-induced GLP-1, BBR makes a promising complementary treatment for reducing the clinical symptoms of DM by reducing the hyperglycaemia. Berberin might be a safe and effective drug for T2DM with little or no adverse effects.HighlightsBerberine induces GLP-1 insulin secretion by PLC2 pathway in the intestinalBerberine-induced GLP-1 decreases mitochondrial stress and relocates cytochrome c out of the mitochondria.Berberine induces GLP-1 secretion in the intestine by altering the bacterial profile, thus could possibly lighten diabetes symptomsBerberine-induced SCFA production, SCFA causes GLP-1 secretion from the intestinal L-Cell.Preventing mitochondrial damage, reducing adipose tissue fat, and reducing oxidative stress are thus among the results of BBR-induced GLP-1.The lower costs of BBR, and its limited side effects and higher availability, make it a promising supplementary medicine for DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ayati
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Azizi Zeinalhajlou
- Department of Geriatric Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tannaz Novinbahador
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Shamekh
- Student Research Committee, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Giannini C, Mastromauro C, Chiarelli F, Mohn A. Effects of COVID-19 time on the development of pre-impaired glucose tolerance state in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:1050-1056. [PMID: 37500925 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize the effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on 2 h plasma glucose (2 h PG) values after an OGTT postulating a correlation between 2 h PG spectrum and the decline of β-cell function. Particularly, we tried to evaluate the effects on the risk of showing 2 h plasma glucose values in the highest range of normal values in children and adolescent with obesity during COVID-19 Pandemic compared to those evaluated during the 13 years before. SUBJECTS/METHODS Data from 532 children and adolescents with obesity and overweight (before COVID-19 Pandemic, 209M/262F, 2008-2019; during COVID-19 Pandemic, 40M/21F, 2020-2021) who had undergone a complete evaluation and had performed an OGTT were analyzed. The two groups were further divided into three sub-groups based on the 2 h PG, group 1 (2 h PG < 5.55 mmol/L), group 2 (5.56 < 2 h PG < 6.60 mmol/L), group 3 (6.61 < 2h PG < 7.72 mmol/L), respectively. The prevalence of 2 h PG values distribution in children was evaluated between before and during COVID-19 Pandemic period and the main differences between the two groups 3 of each period were analyzed. RESULTS A significant difference (P = 0.01) in terms of distribution of the prevalence of 2h PG values was documented between the group before COVID-19 (35.6%, 45.9% and 18.5%) and the group during COVID-19 Pandemic (31.1%, 31.1% and 37.8%). A roughly doble higher prevalence of subjects with pre-IGT was documented in the COVID-19 group. In addition, group 3 of COVID-19 time showed significantly higher values for waist circumference (WC), Waist/Height ratio (WtHR), fasting glucose and HOMA-IR compared to the group 3 of the period before COVID-19 Pandemic (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS During COVID-19 time a higher percentage of children are in the highest range of normal 2 h PG values which is known to be associated with a significant impairment of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity and have higher risk of developing IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
| | | | | | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Leslie RD, Ma RCW, Franks PW, Nadeau KJ, Pearson ER, Redondo MJ. Understanding diabetes heterogeneity: key steps towards precision medicine in diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:848-860. [PMID: 37804855 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a highly heterogeneous condition; yet, it is diagnosed by measuring a single blood-borne metabolite, glucose, irrespective of aetiology. Although pragmatically helpful, disease classification can become complex and limit advances in research and medical care. Here, we describe diabetes heterogeneity, highlighting recent approaches that could facilitate management by integrating three disease models across all forms of diabetes, namely, the palette model, the threshold model and the gradient model. Once diabetes has developed, further worsening of established diabetes and the subsequent emergence of diabetes complications are kept in check by multiple processes designed to prevent or circumvent metabolic dysfunction. The impact of any given disease risk factor will vary from person-to-person depending on their background, diabetes-related propensity, and environmental exposures. Defining the consequent heterogeneity within diabetes through precision medicine, both in terms of diabetes risk and risk of complications, could improve health outcomes today and shine a light on avenues for novel therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald Ching Wan Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul W Franks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Kannan S, Chellappan DK, Kow CS, Ramachandram DS, Pandey M, Mayuren J, Dua K, Candasamy M. Transform diabetes care with precision medicine. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1642. [PMID: 37915365 PMCID: PMC10616361 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Diabetes is a global concern. This article took a closer look at diabetes and precision medicine. Methods A literature search of studies related to the use of precision medicine in diabetes care was conducted in various databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus). Results Precision medicine encompasses the integration of a wide array of personal data, including clinical, lifestyle, genetic, and various biomarker information. Its goal is to facilitate tailored treatment approaches using contemporary diagnostic and therapeutic techniques that specifically target patients based on their genetic makeup, molecular markers, phenotypic traits, or psychosocial characteristics. This article not only highlights significant advancements but also addresses key challenges, particularly focusing on the technologies that contribute to the realization of personalized and precise diabetes care. Conclusion For the successful implementation of precision diabetes medicine, collaboration and coordination among multiple stakeholders are crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharumathy Kannan
- School of Health SciencesInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Chia Siang Kow
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | | | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral University of HaryanaMahendergarhIndia
| | - Jayashree Mayuren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurWilayah PersekutuanMalaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
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Larsson J, Auscher S, Shamoun A, Pararajasingam G, Heinsen LJ, Andersen TR, Lindholt JS, Diederichsen ACP, Lambrechtsen J, Egstrup K. Insulin resistance is associated with high-risk coronary artery plaque composition in asymptomatic men between 65 and 75 years and no diabetes: A DANCAVAS cross-sectional sub-study. Atherosclerosis 2023; 385:117328. [PMID: 38390826 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Insulin resistance (IR) and pre-diabetes are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to investigate vulnerable plaque composition in relation to IR and pre-diabetes in asymptomatic non-diabetic men. METHODS All participants underwent a contrast-enhanced coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to evaluate coronary artery plaque burden and plaque composition (necrotic core, dense calcium, fibrotic and fibrous-fatty volume). Homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) was used, and participants were stratified into tertiles. Participants underwent a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and were categorized into 2 groups (normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or pre-diabetes). A multivariable linear regression model was used to evaluate the association between vulnerable plaque composition and IR or glycemic group. RESULTS Four-hundred-and-fifty non-diabetic men without known CAD were included. The mean age was 70 ± 3 years. Participants in the higher HOMA-IR tertile (H-IR) had higher median necrotic plaque volume compared to the lower HOMA-IR tertile (L-IR) (18.2 vs. 11.0 mm3, p = 0.02). H-IR tertile (β 0.37 [95% CI 0.10-0.65], p = 0.008), pack-years (β 0.07 [95% CI 0.007-0.14], p = 0.03) and total atheroma volume (TAV) (β 0.47 [95% CI 0.36-0.57], p < 0.001) remained associated with necrotic plaque volume in the multivariable linear regression model. CONCLUSIONS IR was associated with necrotic plaque volume in asymptomatic men without diabetes. Thus, even in asymptomatic men without diabetes, IR seems to have an incremental effect on necrotic plaque volume and vulnerable plaque composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Larsson
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Odense University Hospital Svendborg, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark.
| | - Søren Auscher
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital Svendborg, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - André Shamoun
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Odense University Hospital Svendborg, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Gokulan Pararajasingam
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Odense University Hospital Svendborg, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Laurits Juhl Heinsen
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Odense University Hospital Svendborg, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rueskov Andersen
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Odense University Hospital Svendborg, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Jes Sanddal Lindholt
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital Odense, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Jess Lambrechtsen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital Svendborg, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Egstrup
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Odense University Hospital Svendborg, Baagøes Allé 15, 5700, Svendborg, Denmark
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Zhou B, Sheffer KE, Bennett JE, Gregg EW, Danaei G, Singleton RK, Shaw JE, Mishra A, Lhoste VPF, Carrillo-Larco RM, Kengne AP, Phelps NH, Heap RA, Rayner AW, Stevens GA, Paciorek CJ, Riley LM, Cowan MJ, Savin S, Vander Hoorn S, Lu Y, Pavkov ME, Imperatore G, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Ahmad NA, Anjana RM, Davletov K, Farzadfar F, González-Villalpando C, Khang YH, Kim HC, Laatikainen T, Laxmaiah A, Mbanya JCN, Narayan KMV, Ramachandran A, Wade AN, Zdrojewski T, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Rahim HFA, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Adambekov S, Adams RJ, Aekplakorn W, Agdeppa IA, Aghazadeh-Attari J, Agyemang C, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi N, Ahmadi N, Ahmed SH, Ajlouni K, Al-Hinai H, Al-Lahou B, Al-Lawati JA, Asfoor DA, Al Qaoud NM, Alarouj M, AlBuhairan F, AlDhukair S, Aldwairji MA, Ali MM, Alinezhad F, Alkandari A, Alomirah HF, Aly E, Amarapurkar DN, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Andrade DS, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Aris T, Arlappa N, Aryal KK, Assah FK, Assembekov B, Auvinen J, Avdičová M, Azad K, Azimi-Nezhad M, Azizi F, Bacopoulou F, Balakrishna N, Bamoshmoosh M, Banach M, Bandosz P, Banegas JR, Barbagallo CM, Barceló A, Baretić M, Barrera L, Basit A, Batieha AM, Batista AP, Baur LA, Belavendra A, Ben Romdhane H, Benet M, Berkinbayev S, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Berrios Carrasola X, Bettiol H, Beybey AF, Bhargava SK, Bika Lele EC, Bikbov MM, Bista B, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Björkelund C, Bloch KV, Blokstra A, Bo S, Bobak M, Boggia JG, Bonaccio M, Bonilla-Vargas A, Borghs H, Bovet P, Brajkovich I, Brenner H, Brewster LM, Brian GR, Briceño Y, Brito M, Bugge A, Buntinx F, Cabrera de León A, Caixeta RB, Can G, Cândido APC, Capanzana MV, Čapková N, Capuano E, Capuano R, Capuano V, Cardoso VC, Carlsson AC, Casanueva FF, Censi L, Cervantes‐Loaiza M, Chamnan P, Chamukuttan S, Chan Q, Charchar FJ, Chaturvedi N, Chen H, Cheraghian B, Chirlaque MD, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Cirillo M, Claessens F, Cohen E, Concin H, Cooper C, Costanzo S, Cowell C, Crujeiras AB, Cruz JJ, Cureau FV, Cuschieri S, D’Arrigo G, d’Orsi E, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Dastgiri S, De Curtis A, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, Deepa M, DeGennaro V, Demarest S, Dennison E, Deschamps V, Dhimal M, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Donfrancesco C, Dong G, Dorobantu M, Dörr M, Dragano N, Drygas W, Du Y, Duante CA, Duboz P, Dushpanova A, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Ebrahimi N, Eddie R, Eftekhar E, Efthymiou V, Egbagbe EE, Eghtesad S, El-Khateeb M, El Ati J, Eldemire-Shearer D, Elosua R, Enang O, Erasmus RT, Erbel R, Erem C, Ergor G, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, Esmaeili A, Evans RG, Fakhradiyev I, Fall CH, Faramarzi E, Farjam M, Farzi Y, Fattahi MR, Fawwad A, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrari M, Ferreccio C, Ferreira HS, Ferrer E, Feskens EJM, Flood D, Forsner M, Fosse S, Fottrell EF, Fouad HM, Francis DK, Frontera G, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Garnett SP, Gasull M, Gazzinelli A, Gehring U, Ghaderi E, Ghamari SH, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea OF, Ghimire A, Gialluisi A, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Goltzman D, Gomula A, Gonçalves H, Gonçalves M, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Rivas JP, González-Villalpando ME, Gonzalez AR, Gottrand F, Grafnetter D, Grodzicki T, Grøntved A, Guerrero R, Gujral UP, Gupta R, Gutierrez L, Gwee X, Haghshenas R, Hakimi H, Hambleton IR, Hamzeh B, Hanekom WA, Hange D, Hantunen S, Hao J, Hari Kumar R, Harooni J, Hashemi-Shahri SM, Hata J, Heidemann C, Henrique RDS, Herrala S, Herzig KH, Heshmat R, Ho SY, Holdsworth M, Homayounfar R, Hopman WM, Horimoto ARVR, Hormiga C, Horta BL, Houti L, Howitt C, Htay TT, Htet AS, Htike MMT, Huerta JM, Huhtaniemi IT, Huisman M, Husseini A, Huybrechts I, Iacoviello L, Iakupova EM, Iannone AG, Ibrahim Wong N, Ijoma C, Irazola VE, Ishida T, Isiguzo GC, Islam SMS, Islek D, Ittermann T, Iwasaki M, Jääskeläinen T, Jacobs JM, Jaddou HY, Jadoul M, Jallow B, James K, Jamil KM, Janus E, Jarvelin MR, Jasienska G, Jelaković A, Jelaković B, Jennings G, Jha AK, Jimenez RO, Jöckel KH, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Joshi P, Josipović J, Joukar F, Jóźwiak J, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalmatayeva Z, Karki KB, Katibeh M, Kauhanen J, Kazakbaeva GM, Kaze FF, Ke C, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Keramati M, Kersting M, Khader YS, Khaledifar A, Khalili D, Kheiri B, Kheradmand M, Khosravi A, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl SJ, Kiechl S, Kingston A, Klakk H, Klanova J, Knoflach M, Kolsteren P, König J, Korpelainen R, Korrovits P, Kos J, Koskinen S, Kowlessur S, Koziel S, Kriemler S, Kristensen PL, Kromhout D, Kubinova R, Kujala UM, Kulimbet M, Kurjata P, Kyobutungi C, La QN, Labadarios D, Lachat C, Laid Y, Lall L, Lankila T, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Latt TS, Laurenzi M, Lehmann N, Lehtimäki T, Lemogoum D, Leung GM, Li Y, Lima-Costa MF, Lin HH, Lind L, Lissner L, Liu X, Lopez-Garcia E, Lopez T, Lozano JE, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lunet N, Lustigová M, Machado-Coelho GLL, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Macia E, Macieira LM, Madar AA, Maestre GE, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Magriplis E, Mahasampath G, Maire B, Makdisse M, Malekpour MR, Malekzadeh F, Malekzadeh R, Mallikharjuna Rao K, Malyutina S, Maniego LV, Manios Y, Mannix MI, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Manzato E, Margozzini P, Mariño J, Marques LP, Martorell R, Mascarenhas LP, Masinaei M, Mathiesen EB, Matsha TE, Mc Donald Posso AJ, McFarlane SR, McGarvey ST, Mediene Benchekor S, Mehlig K, Mehrparvar AH, Melgarejo JD, Méndez F, Menezes AMB, Mereke A, Meshram II, Meto DT, Minderico CS, Mini GK, Miquel JF, Miranda JJ, Mirjalili MR, Modesti PA, Moghaddam SS, Mohamed MK, Mohammad K, Mohammadi MR, Mohammadi Z, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohan V, Mohd Yusoff MF, Mohebbi I, Møller NC, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Montenegro Mendoza RA, Monterrubio-Flores E, Moosazadeh M, Moradpour F, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Morin SN, Moslem A, Mosquera M, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mostafavi SA, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Msyamboza KP, Mu TT, Muiesan ML, Mursu J, Musa KI, Mustafa N, Muyer MTMC, Nabipour I, Nagel G, Naidu BM, Najafi F, Námešná J, Nangia VB, Naseri T, Neelapaichit N, Nejatizadeh A, Nenko I, Nervi F, Ng TP, Nguyen CT, Nguyen QN, Ni MY, Nie P, Nieto-Martínez RE, Ninomiya T, Noale M, Noboa OA, Noto D, Nsour MA, Nuhoğlu I, O’Neill TW, Odili AN, Oh K, Ohtsuka R, Omar MA, Onat A, Ong SK, Onodugo O, Ordunez P, Ornelas R, Ortiz PJ, Osmond C, Ostovar A, Otero JA, Ottendahl CB, Otu A, Owusu-Dabo E, Palmieri L, Pan WH, Panda-Jonas S, Panza F, Paoli M, Park S, Parsaeian M, Patel ND, Pechlaner R, Pećin I, Pedro JM, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Pessôa dos Prazeres TM, Peykari N, Phall MC, Pham ST, Phan HH, Pichardo RN, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Piler P, Pitakaka F, Piwonska A, Pizarro AN, Plans-Rubió P, Plata S, Porta M, Poudyal A, Pourfarzi F, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Providencia R, Puder JJ, Puhakka S, Punab M, Qorbani M, Quintana HK, Quoc Bao T, Rahimikazerooni S, Raitakari O, Ramirez-Zea M, Ramke J, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Rangel Reina DA, Rashidi MM, Redon J, Renner JDP, Reuter CP, Revilla L, Rezaei N, Rezaianzadeh A, Rigo F, Roa RG, Robinson L, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Perez MDC, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Rodríguez AY, Roggenbuck U, Rohloff P, Romeo EL, Rosengren A, Rubinstein A, Rust P, Rutkowski M, Sabbaghi H, Sachdev HS, Sadjadi A, Safarpour AR, Safi S, Safiri S, Saghi MH, Saidi O, Saki N, Šalaj S, Salanave B, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Santos DA, Santos LC, Santos MP, Santos TR, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Saum KU, Sbaraini M, Scazufca M, Schaan BD, Scheidt-Nave C, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schöttker B, Schramm S, Sebert S, Sedaghattalab M, Sein AA, Sepanlou SG, Sewpaul R, Shamah-Levy T, Shamshirgaran SM, Sharafkhah M, Sharma SK, Sharman A, Shayanrad A, Shayesteh AA, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shiri R, Shrestha N, Si-Ramlee K, Silva DAS, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Sjöström M, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, Sobngwi E, Söderberg S, Soemantri A, Sofat R, Solfrizzi V, Somi MH, Soumaré A, Sousa-Poza A, Sparrenberger K, Staessen JA, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stessman J, Stokwiszewski J, Stronks K, Suarez-Ortegón MF, Suebsamran P, Sundström J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Sylva RC, Szklo M, Tamosiunas A, Tarawneh MR, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Taylor A, Taylor J, Tello T, Thankappan KR, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thomas N, Thrift AG, Timmermans EJ, Tjandrarini DH, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Tomaszewski M, Topbas M, Torres-Collado L, Traissac P, Triantafyllou A, Tuitele J, Tuliakova AM, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tuomainen TP, Tzala E, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel E, Ukoli FAM, Ulmer H, Uusitalo HMT, Valdivia G, van den Born BJ, Van der Heyden J, Van Minh H, van Rossem L, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, van Zutphen EM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Vasan SK, Vega T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Verstraeten R, Viet L, Villalpando S, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Viswanathan B, Voutilainen A, Wan Bebakar WM, Wan Mohamud WN, Wang C, Wang N, Wang Q, Wang YX, Wang YW, Wannamethee SG, Webster-Kerr K, Wedderkopp N, Wei W, Westbury LD, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Więcek A, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong A, Wong EB, Woodward M, Wu FC, Xu H, Xu L, Yaacob NA, Yan L, Yan W, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, Younger-Coleman NO, Yu YL, Yu Y, Yusoff AF, Zainuddin AA, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zaw KK, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zhang ZY, Zholdin B, Zimmet P, Zitt E, Zoghlami N, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Ezzati M. Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c. Nat Med 2023; 29:2885-2901. [PMID: 37946056 PMCID: PMC10667106 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.
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Wang H, Akbari-Alavijeh S, Parhar RS, Gaugler R, Hashmi S. Partners in diabetes epidemic: A global perspective. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1463-1477. [PMID: 37970124 PMCID: PMC10642420 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a recent increase in the worldwide prevalence of both obesity and diabetes. In this review we assessed insulin signaling, genetics, environment, lipid metabolism dysfunction and mitochondria as the major determinants in diabetes and to identify the potential mechanism of gut microbiota in diabetes diseases. We searched relevant articles, which have key information from laboratory experiments, epidemiological evidence, clinical trials, experimental models, meta-analysis and review articles, in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google scholars and Cochrane Controlled Trial Database. We selected 144 full-length articles that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria for complete assessment. We have briefly discussed these associations, challenges, and the need for further research to manage and treat diabetes more efficiently. Diabetes involves the complex network of physiological dysfunction that can be attributed to insulin signaling, genetics, environment, obesity, mitochondria and stress. In recent years, there are intriguing findings regarding gut microbiome as the important regulator of diabetes. Valid approaches are necessary for speeding medical advances but we should find a solution sooner given the burden of the metabolic disorder - What we need is a collaborative venture that may involve laboratories both in academia and industries for the scientific progress and its application for the diabetes control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning Province, China
- Rutgers Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Safoura Akbari-Alavijeh
- Rutgers Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ranjit S Parhar
- Department of Biological and Medical Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randy Gaugler
- Rutgers Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Sarwar Hashmi
- Rutgers Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
- Research and Diagnostics, Ghazala and Sanya Hashmi Foundation, Holmdel, NJ 07733, United States
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Liu Y, Zhang J, An C, Liu C, Zhang Q, Ding H, Ma S, Xue W. Identification of Potential Mechanisms of Rk1 Combination with Rg5 in the Treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus by Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14828. [PMID: 37834276 PMCID: PMC10573417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the potential targets and functional mechanisms of Rk1 combined with Rg5 (Rk1+Rg5) against type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict and verify the targets and signaling pathways of Rk1+Rg5 against T2DM. The results were further confirmed by a db/db mouse model and a model using PA-induced L6 cells. According to network pharmacology, a total of 250 core targets of Rk1+Rg5 towards T2DM were identified; the insulin resistance signaling pathways were enriched by KEGG. Results of molecular docking indicated good binding affinity of Rk1 and Rg5 to Akt1. In vivo and in vitro studies further showed that Rk1+Rg5 is an inhibitor of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. The results showed that Rk1+Rg5 significantly improved the hyperglycemic state of db/db mice, alleviated dyslipidemia, and promoted skeletal muscle glucose uptake. This phenomenon was closely related to the alleviation of the insulin resistance in skeletal muscles. Finally, the combination activated the Akt signaling pathway and promoted GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane for glucose uptake. Altogether, our findings, for the first time, demonstrate that the combination of Rk1 and Rg5 could be beneficial for anti-T2DM, possibly involving ameliorated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenjiao Xue
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xiying Road 76, Xi’an 710043, China; (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (C.A.); (C.L.); (Q.Z.); (H.D.); (S.M.)
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Lytrivi M, Gomes Da Silveira Cauduro C, Kibanda J, Kristanto P, Paesmans M, Cnop M. Impact of saturated compared with unsaturated dietary fat on insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β-cell function and glucose tolerance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:739-753. [PMID: 37500058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of the dietary fat type on type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) with mono- or poly-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA, respectively) on insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β-cell function, and glucose tolerance, as surrogate endpoints for T2D. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that replaced ≥5% of total energy intake provided by SFA with MUFA or PUFA and reported indexes of insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and/or glucose tolerance. We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) up to 9 January, 2023. Eligible interventions had to be isocaloric, with no significant difference in other macronutrients. Data were synthesized using random-effects model meta-analysis. RESULTS Of 6355 records identified, 10 parallel and 20 crossover trials with 1586 participants were included. The mean age of the participants was 42 years, 47% were male, mean body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) was 26.8, median baseline fasting glucose was 5.13 mmol/L, and the median duration of interventions was 5 weeks. Replacing SFA with MUFA or PUFA had no significant effects on insulin sensitivity [standardized mean difference (SMD) SFA compared with MUFA: 0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.06 to 0.09, I2 = 0% and SMD SFA compared with PUFA: 0, 95% CI: -0.15 to 0.14, I2 = 0%]. Replacing SFA with MUFA did not significantly impact the β-cell function, evaluated by the disposition index (mean difference: -12, 95% CI: -158 to 133, I2=0%). Evidence on glucose tolerance (SFA compared with MUFA or PUFA) and on β-cell function when SFA were replaced with PUFA was scant. CONCLUSIONS Short-term substitution of saturated with unsaturated fat does not significantly affect insulin sensitivity nor β-cell function (the latter in the SFA compared with MUFA comparison). Future studies are needed to elucidate longer term effects of dietary fat saturation on glucose homeostasis. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020178382.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lytrivi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Carolina Gomes Da Silveira Cauduro
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Radiotherapy Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jésabelle Kibanda
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Incretin hormones (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP] and glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1]) play a role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Along with their derivatives they have shown therapeutic success in type 2 diabetes, with the potential for further improvements in glycaemic, cardiorenal and body weight-related outcomes. In type 2 diabetes, the incretin effect (greater insulin secretory response after oral glucose than with 'isoglycaemic' i.v. glucose, i.e. with an identical glycaemic stimulus) is markedly reduced or absent. This appears to be because of a reduced ability of GIP to stimulate insulin secretion, related either to an overall impairment of beta cell function or to specific defects in the GIP signalling pathway. It is likely that a reduced incretin effect impacts on postprandial glycaemic excursions and, thus, may play a role in the deterioration of glycaemic control. In contrast, the insulinotropic potency of GLP-1 appears to be much less impaired, such that exogenous GLP-1 can stimulate insulin secretion, suppress glucagon secretion and reduce plasma glucose concentrations in the fasting and postprandial states. This has led to the development of incretin-based glucose-lowering medications (selective GLP-1 receptor agonists or, more recently, co-agonists, e.g. that stimulate GIP and GLP-1 receptors). Tirzepatide (a GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist), for example, reduces HbA1c and body weight in individuals with type 2 diabetes more effectively than selective GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g. semaglutide). The mechanisms by which GIP receptor agonism may contribute to better glycaemic control and weight loss after long-term exposure to tirzepatide are a matter of active research and may change the pessimistic view that developed after the disappointing lack of insulinotropic activity in people with type 2 diabetes when exposed to GIP in short-term experiments. Future medications that stimulate incretin hormone and other receptors simultaneously may have the potential to further increase the ability to control plasma glucose concentrations and induce weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Nauck
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, Metabolism Section, Medical Department I, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München Neuherberg, Germany
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Balasekaran G, Mayo M, Ng YC. Effects of large exercise-induced weight loss on insulin sensitivity and metabolic risk factors in young males with obesity. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:1075-1083. [PMID: 37382410 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.14846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity around the world is increasing at an alarming rate. One of the issues with obesity is whether exercise with large energy expenditure have any effect on obesity risk factors such as insulin resistance and coronary heart diseases. METHODS Twenty participants (mean age: 19.5±1.09 years) with Body Mass Index (BMI) of >30 kg/m2, and body fat percentage (BF%) of >25% completed an institutionalized regimented training (IRT) for 16 weeks. 12-hour fasting blood samples were collected at least 48 hours after the last exercise session. Glucose and insulin variables were determined through an oral glucose tolerance test. Participants underwent 446 hours of IRT and ate from four standardized meal menus per day with a caloric intake of 3066 kcal. RESULTS IRT resulted in a significant weight loss of 13.48±1.97 kg. Pre- and Post-Training total cholesterol (4.80±0.92 vs. 4.12±0.82 mmol/L) (P<0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.04±0.83 vs. 2.51±0.74 mmol/L) (P<0.01), triglycerides (1.19±0.57 vs. 0.74±0.30 mmol/L) (P<0.01) and apolipoprotein levels (Apo-A: 133.30±13.10 vs. 120.40±14.54 mg/dL; Apo-B: 88.08±25.72 vs. 70.12±18.21 mg/dL) (P<0.01) were significantly reduced, and glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were also improved. CONCLUSIONS Large exercise-induced weight loss can be achieved through IRT and may be a solution for weight loss for individuals with obesity to reduce obesity related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindasamy Balasekaran
- Human Bioenergetics Laboratory, Section of Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore -
| | - Melissa Mayo
- Human Bioenergetics Laboratory, Section of Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yew C Ng
- Human Bioenergetics Laboratory, Section of Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Zhu X, Zhou G, Gu X, Jiang X, Huang H, You S, Zhang G. Comparing bariatric surgery and medical therapy for obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:4337-4343. [PMID: 36369137 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence in recent years has demonstrated that the number of obese adolescents has continued to rise. Obese adolescents are more likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, which causes additional harm. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of bariatric surgery and medical treatment. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, nonrandomized, retrospective study on 202 obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes who received surgery or medical treatment in three hospitals from 2017 to 2019. We analyzed the effects of surgery and medical treatment in terms of weight loss, glycemic control and the remission of type 2 diabetes. Propensity score matching was conducted to balance the confounding factors. RESULTS Among the 202 adolescents, 109 adolescents underwent surgery, and the remaining 93 adolescents received nonsurgical treatment. Both in the entire cohort and in the propensity-score matching cohort, the mean body mass index (BMI) and total weight in the surgery group notably decreased. Similarly, the effect of surgery on glycemic control (with respect to HBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR) was superior to that of medical treatment. In the surgery group, the remission rate of diabetes was 76.1% in the entire cohort and 80.5% in the matched group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (6.5% and 5.7%, respectively). In addition, LRYGB had better effects on weight loss and glycemic control than LSG. CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery is more effective in the control of weight loss and type 2 diabetes than medical treatment. The effects between different types of bariatric surgeries remain to be further investigated, and longer follow-up times are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Suining People's Hospital, No.2 Bayi West Road, Xuzhou, 221200, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.169 Hushan Road, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Xingwei Gu
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Danyang Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuetong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.138 Huanghe South Road, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.138 Huanghe South Road, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Sainan You
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.138 Huanghe South Road, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO.169 Hushan Road, Nanjing, 211100, China.
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Kurian J, Mavathur Nanjundaiah R. Reinstating acute-phase insulin release among sedentary adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes with Yoga and Walking based lifestyle modification. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 36:300-306. [PMID: 37949576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the impact of 2 lifestyle modifying physical activities, yoga (YBLM) or walking (WBLM) on impaired beta cell function (IBF) or insulin resistance (IR) in restoring acute phase insulin release (APIR) among prediabetes at high risk for type 2 diabetes (HRDM). METHOD Male and female adults (N = 42, 38.1 ± 4.8 years) with abdominal obesity (Male:103 ± 8.1 cm) Female: 92 ± 11.1 cm), randomized into YBLM (n = 20) and WBLM (n = 22), were monitored for the practice of the intervention, 45 min a day/5 days a week for 12 weeks. Blood sample was collected at 0th minute to estimate the level of Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Sr. Insulin and lipid profile and at 10th minute (APIR). IBF, IR and sensitivity (IS) reading were checked in HOMA-2 calculator. RESULT Wilcoxon sign rank t-test denoted an improved APIR among the subjects with IBF (p = 0.008) and not among the subjects with IR (p = 0.332). However, regression analysis yielded an improved APIR among subjects with IBF (F(1,10) = 7.816, p = 0.002) with the management of body weight and lipid profile and IR (F(1,13) = 17.003, p = 0.001) being found influenced with selected lipid components. In all, during the post assessment period, an impressive boost in APIR was manifested among people shifted to Normoglycemia (n = 14, 35.9%). CONCLUSION Intriguingly, we postulate the potential role of YBLM over WBLM in the management of lipid profile and body weight on accelerating APIR either through improved Beta cell compensation or by sensitizing skeletal muscles regulating IR, helping improve glucose tolerance resulting in either remission or management of prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintu Kurian
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Jigani, Bangalore, 560105, India.
| | - Ramesh Mavathur Nanjundaiah
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Jigani, Bangalore, 560105, India.
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Zhao X, Bie LY, Pang DR, Li X, Yang LF, Chen DD, Wang YR, Gao Y. The role of autophagy in the treatment of type II diabetes and its complications: a review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1228045. [PMID: 37810881 PMCID: PMC10551182 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1228045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by prolonged hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (IR). Its incidence is increasing annually, posing a significant threat to human life and health. Consequently, there is an urgent requirement to discover effective drugs and investigate the pathogenesis of T2DM. Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining normal islet structure. However, in a state of high glucose, autophagy is inhibited, resulting in impaired islet function, insulin resistance, and complications. Studies have shown that modulating autophagy through activation or inhibition can have a positive impact on the treatment of T2DM and its complications. However, it is important to note that the specific regulatory mechanisms vary depending on the target organ. This review explores the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of T2DM, taking into account both genetic and external factors. It also provides a summary of reported chemical drugs and traditional Chinese medicine that target the autophagic pathway for the treatment of T2DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lu-Yao Bie
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dao-Ran Pang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Long-Fei Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yue-Rui Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Kashyap SR, Desouza C, Aroda VR, Kim SH, Neff LM, Wu SS, Raskin P, Pratley R. Glycemic and metabolic sub-classification of prediabetes and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the D2d cohort. Am J Prev Cardiol 2023; 15:100525. [PMID: 37650052 PMCID: PMC10462804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2023.100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Prediabetes represents a spectrum of metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance and secretory impairment, that carries increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. It is unclear whether specific glycemic and metabolic sub-classifications are associated with CVD risk. This cross-sectional analysis of 3946 participants from the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) study cohort aimed to determine the associations between various baseline CVD risk factors, glycemic sub-classifications of prediabetes (FPG, 2hPG, and HbA1c), and measures of insulin sensitivity and secretion from an OGTT. Methods The metabolic syndrome and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk scores were determined for tertiles of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2S) and insulinogenic index (IGI). Unadjusted analyses showed elevated CVD risk factors in the lowest tertile for both IGI and HOMA2S. Results After adjustment for age, gender, race, obesity, and smoking status, the association remained between HOMA2S and ASCVD score (r = -0.11, p< 0.001) but not for IGI. Those who met at least 2 diagnosic criteria for prediabetes had the largest proportion (> 40%) of participants with high ASCVD risk score >20. A higher percentage of individuals that met all 3 criteria for prediabetes had metabolic syndrome and ASCVD risk score >20 (87.2% and 15.3%, respectively) than those who only met 1 prediabetes criterion (51.6% and 7.1%, respectively). Conclusions In conclusion, multiple metabolic (HOMA2S, IGI) and glycemic criteria of prediabetes (FPG, 2hPG, & HbA1c) are needed to fully recognize the elevated CVD risk profile that can manifest in prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cyrus Desouza
- Omaha VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vanita R. Aroda
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sun H. Kim
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Shannon S. Wu
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Philip Raskin
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Richard Pratley
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - D2d Research Group
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Omaha VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chicago, IL, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
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Li X, Jing X, Yu Z, Huang Y. Diverse Antibacterial Treatments beyond Antibiotics for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300375. [PMID: 37141030 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), a common complication of diabetes, has become a great burden to both patients and the society. The delayed wound closure of ulcer sites resulting from vascular damage and neutrophil dysfunction facilitates bacterial infection. Once drug resistance occurs or bacterial biofilm is formed, conventional therapy tends to fail and amputation is unavoidable. Therefore, effective antibacterial treatment beyond antibiotics is of utmost importance to accelerate the wound healing process and prevent amputation. Considering the complexity of multidrug resistance, biofilm formation, and special microenvironments (such as hyperglycemia, hypoxia, and abnormal pH value) at the infected site of DFU, several antibacterial agents and different mechanisms have been explored to achieve the desired outcome. The present review focuses on the recent progress of antibacterial treatments, including metal-based medications, natural and synthesized antimicrobial peptides, antibacterial polymers, and sensitizer-based therapy. This review provides a valuable reference for the innovation of antibacterial material design for DFU therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Li
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jing
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ziqian Yu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
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Gravesteijn E, Mensink RP, Plat J. The effects of long-term almond consumption on whole-body insulin sensitivity, postprandial glucose responses, and 48 h continuous glucose concentrations in males and females with prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2661-2672. [PMID: 37258943 PMCID: PMC10421771 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Findings concerning the effects of almond consumption on glucose metabolism are inconsistent which might relate to body weight gain. The effects of long-term almond consumption on glucose metabolism are investigated in a free-living setting without detailed dietary instructions in males and females with overweight/obesity and prediabetes. METHODS Forty-three participants volunteered in this randomized, cross-over trial with a 5-months control and intervention period and a 2-months wash-out. In the intervention period participants daily consumed 50 g whole almonds. At the end of both periods insulin sensitivity was assessed by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, and postprandial glucose responses, and 48 h continuous glucose concentrations were measured. RESULTS Almond consumption significantly decreased insulin sensitivity (P = 0.002), and increased postprandial glucose concentrations (P = 0.019), as well as fasting insulin concentrations (P = 0.003) as compared to the control period. The AUCs for 24 h glucose concentrations were not significantly different between control and intervention (P = 0.066). Almond consumption also significantly increased BMI (P = 0.002), and waist circumference (P = 0.013), supported by the concurrent increased energy intake (P = 0.031). The effects on glucose metabolism could only partly be explained by the observed weight gain as the almond effect remained after correcting for BMI changes. CONCLUSIONS In participants with prediabetes, long-term almond consumption showed adverse effects on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. As almonds seemed not to have fully replaced other food items, it might be necessary to provide more supporting guidelines on how to incorporate energy-dense nuts into healthy diets to prevent type 2 diabetes development. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This clinical trial was registered in February 2018 as NCT03419702.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elske Gravesteijn
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Mikłosz A, Chabowski A. Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy as a new Treatment Option for Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1889-1897. [PMID: 36916961 PMCID: PMC10348459 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has raised the demand for new therapeutic strategies targeting diabetic symptoms and its chronic complications. Among different treatment options for diabetes, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) therapy attract the most attention. The therapeutic effects of ADMSCs are based primarily on their paracrine release of immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and trophic factors. Animal models of diabetes as well as human clinical trials have shown that ADMSCs can effectively facilitate endogenous β cell regeneration, preserve residual β cell mass, reduce islet graft rejection, regulate the immune system, and ultimately improve insulin sensitivity or ameliorate insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Nevertheless, transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells is associated with certain risks; therefore recently much attention has been devoted to ADMSCs derivatives, such as exosomes or conditioned media, as therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetes. Compared to ADMSCs, cell-free therapy has even better therapeutic potential. This narrative review summarizes recent outcomes and molecular mechanisms of ADMSCs action in the treatment for both type 1 DM and type 2 DM, as well as shows their feasibility, benefits, and current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
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Vallat R, Shah VD, Walker MP. Coordinated human sleeping brainwaves map peripheral body glucose homeostasis. Cell Rep Med 2023:101100. [PMID: 37421946 PMCID: PMC10394167 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep impairs glucose regulation, increasing the risk of diabetes. However, what it is about the human sleeping brain that regulates blood sugar remains unknown. In an examination of over 600 humans, we demonstrate that the coupling of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep spindles and slow oscillations the night before is associated with improved next-day peripheral glucose control. We further show that this sleep-associated glucose pathway may influence glycemic status through altered insulin sensitivity, rather than through altered pancreatic beta cell function. Moreover, we replicate these associations in an independent dataset of over 1,900 adults. Of therapeutic significance, the coupling between slow oscillations and spindles was the most significant sleep predictor of next-day fasting glucose, even more so than traditional sleep markers, relevant to the possibility of an electroencephalogram (EEG) index of hyperglycemia. Taken together, these findings describe a sleeping-brain-body framework of optimal human glucose homeostasis, offering a potential prognostic sleep signature of glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Vallat
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA.
| | - Vyoma D Shah
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA.
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