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Zhou JX, Jie-Zhou, Jin WR, Li JY, Zhang XC, Zhao CY, Lin YY, Wang XY, Yan LF, Kai-Yan, Liu QW. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell-islet organoids enhance the efficiency of islet engraftment in a mouse diabetes model. Life Sci 2024; 351:122812. [PMID: 38862063 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Despite islet transplantation has proved a great potential to become the standard therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), this approach remains limited by ischemia, hypoxia, and poor revascularization in early post-transplant period as well as inflammation and life-long host immune rejection. Here, we investigate the potential and mechanism of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs)-islet organoid to improve the efficiency of islet engraftment in immunocompetent T1DM mice. MAIN METHODS We generated the hAMSC-islet organoid structure through culturing the mixture of hAMSCs and islets on 3-dimensional-agarose microwells. Flow cytometry, whole-body fluorescent imaging, immunofluorescence, Calcein-AM/PI staining, ELISA, and qPCR were used to assess the potential and mechanism of shielding hAMSCs to improve the efficiency of islet transplantation. KEY FINDINGS Transplant of hAMSC-islet organoids results in remarkably better glycemic control, an enhanced glucose tolerance, and a higher β cell mass in vivo compared with control islets. Our results show that hAMSCs shielding provides an immune privileged microenvironment for islets and promotes graft revascularization in vivo. In addition, hAMSC-islet organoids show higher viability and reduced dysfunction after exposure to hypoxia and inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Finally, our results show that shielding with hAMSCs leads to the activation of PKA-CREB-IRS2-PI3K and PKA-PDX1 signaling pathways, up-regulation of SIL1 mRNA levels, and down-regulation of MT1 mRNA levels in β cells, which ultimately promotes the synthesis, folding and secretion of insulin, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE hAMSC-islet organoids can evidently increase the efficiency of islet engraftment and might develop into a promising alternative for the clinical treatment of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Zhou
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Institute of Organoid Technology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Jie-Zhou
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Wei-Ran Jin
- Huankui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Jing-Yuan Li
- Normal College, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Xiang-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Chu-Yu Zhao
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Ya-Yi Lin
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Institute of Organoid Technology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Xi-Yan Wang
- Institute of Organoid Technology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Ling-Fei Yan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Kai-Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Quan-Wen Liu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; Institute of Organoid Technology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China; The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China.
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Mbara KC, Fotsing MC, Ndinteh DT, Mbeb CN, Nwagwu CS, Khan R, Mokhetho KC, Baijnath H, Nlooto M, Mokhele S, Leonard CM, Tembu VJ, Tarirai C. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction: The potential therapeutic role of dietary flavonoids. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 6:100184. [PMID: 38846008 PMCID: PMC11153890 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health burden that is characterized by the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells. In pancreatic β-cells, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a fact of life that contributes to β-cell loss or dysfunction. Despite recent advances in research, the existing treatment approaches such as lifestyle modification and use of conventional therapeutics could not prevent the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells to abrogate the disease progression. Therefore, targeting ER stress and the consequent unfolded protein response (UPR) in pancreatic β-cells may be a potential therapeutic strategy for diabetes treatment. Dietary phytochemicals have therapeutic applications in human health owing to their broad spectrum of biochemical and pharmacological activities. Flavonoids, which are commonly obtained from fruits and vegetables worldwide, have shown promising prospects in alleviating ER stress. Dietary flavonoids including quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, isorhamnetin, fisetin, icariin, apigenin, apigetrin, vitexin, baicalein, baicalin, nobiletin hesperidin, naringenin, epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate hesperidin (EGCG), tectorigenin, liquiritigenin, and acacetin have shown inhibitory effects on ER stress in pancreatic β-cells. Dietary flavonoids modulate ER stress signaling components, chaperone proteins, transcription factors, oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses to exert their pharmacological effects on pancreatic β-cells ER stress. This review focuses on the role of dietary flavonoids as potential therapeutic adjuvants in preserving pancreatic β-cells from ER stress. Highlights of the underlying mechanisms of action are also presented as well as possible strategies for clinical translation in the management of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley C. Mbara
- Nanomedicines Manufacturing, Biopharmaceutics and Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Marthe C.D. Fotsing
- Drug Discovery and Smart Molecules Research Laboratory, Centre for Natural Products Research (CNPR), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Derek T. Ndinteh
- Drug Discovery and Smart Molecules Research Laboratory, Centre for Natural Products Research (CNPR), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Claudine N. Mbeb
- Nanomedicines Manufacturing, Biopharmaceutics and Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Chinekwu S. Nwagwu
- Drug Delivery and Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Rene Khan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kopang C. Mokhetho
- Nanomedicines Manufacturing, Biopharmaceutics and Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Himansu Baijnath
- Ward Herbarium, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Manimbulu Nlooto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Healthcare Sciences, University of Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Shoeshoe Mokhele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, 0208, South Africa
| | - Carmen M. Leonard
- Nanomedicines Manufacturing, Biopharmaceutics and Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Vuyelwa J. Tembu
- Natural Products Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Clemence Tarirai
- Nanomedicines Manufacturing, Biopharmaceutics and Diagnostics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Mehlig K, Foraita R, Nagrani R, Wright MN, De Henauw S, Molnár D, Moreno LA, Russo P, Tornaritis M, Veidebaum T, Lissner L, Kaprio J, Pigeot I. Genetic associations vary across the spectrum of fasting serum insulin: results from the European IDEFICS/I.Family children's cohort. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1914-1924. [PMID: 37420130 PMCID: PMC10473990 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS There is increasing evidence for the existence of shared genetic predictors of metabolic traits and neurodegenerative disease. We previously observed a U-shaped association between fasting insulin in middle-aged women and dementia up to 34 years later. In the present study, we performed genome-wide association (GWA) analyses for fasting serum insulin in European children with a focus on variants associated with the tails of the insulin distribution. METHODS Genotyping was successful in 2825 children aged 2-14 years at the time of insulin measurement. Because insulin levels vary during childhood, GWA analyses were based on age- and sex-specific z scores. Five percentile ranks of z-insulin were selected and modelled using logistic regression, i.e. the 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 85th percentile ranks (P15-P85). Additive genetic models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, survey year, survey country and principal components derived from genetic data to account for ethnic heterogeneity. Quantile regression was used to determine whether associations with variants identified by GWA analyses differed across quantiles of log-insulin. RESULTS A variant in the SLC28A1 gene (rs2122859) was associated with the 85th percentile rank of the insulin z score (P85, p value=3×10-8). Two variants associated with low z-insulin (P15, p value <5×10-6) were located on the RBFOX1 and SH3RF3 genes. These genes have previously been associated with both metabolic traits and dementia phenotypes. While variants associated with P50 showed stable associations across the insulin spectrum, we found that associations with variants identified through GWA analyses of P15 and P85 varied across quantiles of log-insulin. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The above results support the notion of a shared genetic architecture for dementia and metabolic traits. Our approach identified genetic variants that were associated with the tails of the insulin spectrum only. Because traditional heritability estimates assume that genetic effects are constant throughout the phenotype distribution, the new findings may have implications for understanding the discrepancy in heritability estimates from GWA and family studies and for the study of U-shaped biomarker-disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Mehlig
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ronja Foraita
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rajini Nagrani
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Marvin N Wright
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | | | | | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iris Pigeot
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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4
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The Role of ER Stress in Diabetes: Exploring Pathological Mechanisms Using Wolfram Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010230. [PMID: 36613674 PMCID: PMC9820298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cytosolic organelle that plays an essential role in the folding and processing of new secretory proteins, including insulin. The pathogenesis of diabetes, a group of metabolic disorders caused by dysfunctional insulin secretion (Type 1 diabetes, T1DM) or insulin sensitivity (Type 2 diabetes, T2DM), is known to involve the excess accumulation of "poorly folded proteins", namely, the induction of pathogenic ER stress in pancreatic β-cells. ER stress is known to contribute to the dysfunction of the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. T1DM and T2DM are multifactorial diseases, especially T2DM; both environmental and genetic factors are involved in their pathogenesis, making it difficult to create experimental disease models. In recent years, however, the development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and other regenerative technologies has greatly expanded research capabilities, leading to the development of new candidate therapies. In this review, we will discuss the mechanism by which dysregulated ER stress responses contribute to T2DM pathogenesis. Moreover, we describe new treatment methods targeting protein folding and ER stress pathways with a particular focus on pivotal studies of Wolfram syndrome, a monogenic form of syndromic diabetes caused by pathogenic variants in the WFS1 gene, which also leads to ER dysfunction.
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5
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Prikas E, Paric E, Asih PR, Stefanoska K, Stefen H, Fath T, Poljak A, Ittner A. Tau target identification reveals NSF-dependent effects on AMPA receptor trafficking and memory formation. EMBO J 2022; 41:e10242. [PMID: 35993331 PMCID: PMC9475529 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau is a central factor in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. However, the physiological functions of tau are unclear. Here, we used proximity-labelling proteomics to chart tau interactomes in primary neurons and mouse brains in vivo. Tau interactors map onto pathways of cytoskeletal, synaptic vesicle and postsynaptic receptor regulation and show significant enrichment for Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and prion disease. We find that tau interacts with and dose-dependently reduces the activity of N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein (NSF), a vesicular ATPase essential for AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) trafficking. Tau-deficient (tau-/- ) neurons showed mislocalised expression of NSF and enhanced synaptic AMPAR surface levels, reversible through the expression of human tau or inhibition of NSF. Consequently, enhanced AMPAR-mediated associative and object recognition memory in tau-/- mice is suppressed by both hippocampal tau and infusion with an NSF-inhibiting peptide. Pathologic mutant tau from mouse models or Alzheimer's disease significantly enhances NSF inhibition. Our results map neuronal tau interactomes and delineate a functional link of tau with NSF in plasticity-associated AMPAR-trafficking and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Prikas
- Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Esmeralda Paric
- Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Prita R Asih
- Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Kristie Stefanoska
- Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Holly Stefen
- Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Thomas Fath
- Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Mark Wainwright Analytical CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia
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6
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Miyake M, Sobajima M, Kurahashi K, Shigenaga A, Denda M, Otaka A, Saio T, Sakane N, Kosako H, Oyadomari S. Identification of an endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis modulator that enhances insulin production in pancreatic β cells. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:996-1009.e9. [PMID: 35143772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Perturbation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis is associated with impairment of cellular function in diverse diseases, especially the function of pancreatic β cells in type 2 diabetes. Restoration of ER proteostasis by small molecules shows therapeutic promise for type 2 diabetes. Here, using cell-based screening, we report identification of a chemical chaperone-like small molecule, KM04794, that alleviates ER stress. KM04794 prevented protein aggregation and cell death caused by ER stressors and a mutant insulin protein. We also found that this compound increased intracellular and secreted insulin levels in pancreatic β cells. Chemical biology and biochemical approaches revealed that the compound accumulated in the ER and interacted directly with the ER molecular chaperone BiP. Our data show that this corrector of ER proteostasis can enhance insulin storage and pancreatic β cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Miyake
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Molecular Research, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Mitsuaki Sobajima
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Molecular Research, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kiyoe Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Molecular Research, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akira Shigenaga
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaya Denda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomohide Saio
- Division of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, JT Inc., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Oyadomari
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Molecular Research, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan; Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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7
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Asih PR, Stefanoska K, Prikas E, Ittner A. High Level Forebrain Expression of Active Tau Kinase p38γ Exacerbates Cognitive Dysfunction in Aged APP-transgenic Alzheimer's Mice. Neuroscience 2022; 484:53-65. [PMID: 35031398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Persistent improvement of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common form of dementia, is an unattained therapeutic objective. Gene therapy holds promise for treatment of familial and sporadic forms of AD. p38γ, a member of the p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family, inhibits amyloid-β toxicity through regulation of tau phosphorylation. We recently showed that a gene delivery approach increasing p38γ resulted in markedly better learning and memory performance in mouse models of AD at advanced stages of amyloid-β- and tau-mediated cognitive impairment. Notably, low-to-moderate expression of p38γ had beneficial outcomes on cognition. The impact of high levels of p38γ on neuronal function remain unclear. Therefore, we addressed the outcomes of high levels of active p38γ on brain function, by direct injection of p38γ-encoding adeno-associated virus (AAV) into the forebrain of aged mice of an APP transgenic AD mouse model. While motor function in p38γ-expressing APP transgenic mice 2 months post-injection was comparable to control treated APP mice, their activity was markedly reduced in the open field test and included frequent bouts of immobility. Moreover, their learning and memory function was markedly impaired compared to control-treated aged APP mice. These results suggest that high neuronal levels of active p38γ emphasize a stress kinase role of p38γ, perturbing circuit function in motivation, navigation, and spatial learning. Overall, this work shows excessive neuronal p38γ levels can aggravate circuit dysfunction and advises adjustable expression systems will be required for sustainable AD gene therapy based on p38γ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prita R Asih
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kristie Stefanoska
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Prikas
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
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8
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Ocansey S, Pullen D, Atkinson P, Clarke A, Hadonou M, Crosby C, Short J, Lloyd IC, Smedley D, Assunta A, Shah P, McEntagart M. Biallelic DNAJC3 variants in a neuroendocrine developmental disorder with insulin dysregulation. Clin Dysmorphol 2022; 31:11-17. [PMID: 34654017 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
DNAJC3, a co-chaperone of BiP, is a member of the heat shock protein family. These proteins are produced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to counter cell stress resulting from healthy functional protein processing. Dysregulation of unfolded proteins within the ER is implicated as a mechanism of genetic disease. Examples include Marinesco-Sjogren and Wolcott-Rallison syndromes that share similar clinical features, manifesting neurodegenerative disease and endocrine dysfunction. Recently, loss of function mutations in DNAJC3 was associated with syndromic diabetes mellitus in three families. The full phenotype included neurodegeneration, ataxia, deafness, neuropathy, adolescent-onset diabetes mellitus, growth hormone deficiency and hypothyroidism. A subsequent report of two unrelated individuals extended the phenotype to include early-onset hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. Here, we describe two siblings that recapitulate this extended phenotype in association with a homozygous novel mutation in the final exon of DNAJC3 [c.1367_1370delAGAA (p.Lys456SerfsTer85)] resulting in protein elongation predicted to abrogate the functional J domain. This report confirms DNAJC3 as a cause of syndromic congenital hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. Currently, PanelApp only includes this gene on diabetes mellitus panels. We propose DNAJC3 should be promoted from a red to a green gene on a wider number of panels to improve the diagnosis of this rare condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Ocansey
- Medical Genetics, St George's University Hospitals NHS FT
| | - Debbie Pullen
- Department of Paediatrics, Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust
| | | | - Antonia Clarke
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS FT
| | - Medard Hadonou
- St George's Genomics Service, St George's University Hospitals NHS FT
| | - Charlene Crosby
- St George's Genomics Service, St George's University Hospitals NHS FT
| | - John Short
- St George's Genomics Service, St George's University Hospitals NHS FT
| | | | | | - Albanese Assunta
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, St George's University Hospitals NHS FT
| | - Pratik Shah
- Current affiliation: Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Royal London Hospital for Children, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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9
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Yong J, Johnson JD, Arvan P, Han J, Kaufman RJ. Therapeutic opportunities for pancreatic β-cell ER stress in diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:455-467. [PMID: 34163039 PMCID: PMC8765009 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the failure of insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells (or β-cell death) due to either autoimmunity (type 1 diabetes mellitus) or failure to compensate for insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes mellitus; T2DM). In addition, mutations of critical genes cause monogenic diabetes. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the primary site for proinsulin folding; therefore, ER proteostasis is crucial for both β-cell function and survival under physiological and pathophysiological challenges. Importantly, the ER is also the major intracellular Ca2+ storage organelle, generating Ca2+ signals that contribute to insulin secretion. ER stress is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. In this Review, we summarize the mutations in monogenic diabetes that play causal roles in promoting ER stress in β-cells. Furthermore, we discuss the possible mechanisms responsible for ER proteostasis imbalance with a focus on T2DM, in which both genetics and environment are considered important in promoting ER stress in β-cells. We also suggest that controlled insulin secretion from β-cells might reduce the progression of a key aspect of the metabolic syndrome, namely nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Finally, we evaluate potential therapeutic approaches to treat T2DM, including the optimization and protection of functional β-cell mass in individuals with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yong
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences & Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaeseok Han
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Choongchungnam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Ichhaporia VP, Hendershot LM. Role of the HSP70 Co-Chaperone SIL1 in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041564. [PMID: 33557244 PMCID: PMC7913895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface and secreted proteins provide essential functions for multicellular life. They enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen co-translationally, where they mature and fold into their complex three-dimensional structures. The ER is populated with a host of molecular chaperones, associated co-factors, and enzymes that assist and stabilize folded states. Together, they ensure that nascent proteins mature properly or, if this process fails, target them for degradation. BiP, the ER HSP70 chaperone, interacts with unfolded client proteins in a nucleotide-dependent manner, which is tightly regulated by eight DnaJ-type proteins and two nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs), SIL1 and GRP170. Loss of SIL1′s function is the leading cause of Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS), an autosomal recessive, multisystem disorder. The development of animal models has provided insights into SIL1′s functions and MSS-associated pathologies. This review provides an in-depth update on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying SIL1′s NEF activity and its role in maintaining ER homeostasis and normal physiology. A precise understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the loss of SIL1 may allow for the development of new pharmacological approaches to treat MSS.
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11
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Liu M, Huang Y, Xu X, Li X, Alam M, Arunagiri A, Haataja L, Ding L, Wang S, Itkin-Ansari P, Kaufman RJ, Tsai B, Qi L, Arvan P. Normal and defective pathways in biogenesis and maintenance of the insulin storage pool. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142240. [PMID: 33463547 PMCID: PMC7810482 DOI: 10.1172/jci142240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both basal and glucose-stimulated insulin release occur primarily by insulin secretory granule exocytosis from pancreatic β cells, and both are needed to maintain normoglycemia. Loss of insulin-secreting β cells, accompanied by abnormal glucose tolerance, may involve simple exhaustion of insulin reserves (which, by immunostaining, appears as a loss of β cell identity), or β cell dedifferentiation, or β cell death. While various sensing and signaling defects can result in diminished insulin secretion, somewhat less attention has been paid to diabetes risk caused by insufficiency in the biosynthetic generation and maintenance of the total insulin granule storage pool. This Review offers an overview of insulin biosynthesis, beginning with the preproinsulin mRNA (translation and translocation into the ER), proinsulin folding and export from the ER, and delivery via the Golgi complex to secretory granules for conversion to insulin and ultimate hormone storage. All of these steps are needed for generation and maintenance of the total insulin granule pool, and defects in any of these steps may, weakly or strongly, perturb glycemic control. The foregoing considerations have obvious potential relevance to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and some forms of monogenic diabetes; conceivably, several of these concepts might also have implications for β cell failure in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yumeng Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Maroof Alam
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Randal J. Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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12
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Genetic locus responsible for diabetic phenotype in the insulin hyposecretion (ihs) mouse. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234132. [PMID: 32502168 PMCID: PMC7274380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic animal models have made significant contributions to understanding the etiology of diabetes and to the development of new medications. Our research group recently developed a novel diabetic mouse strain, the insulin hyposecretion (ihs)mouse. The strain involves neither obesity nor insulitis but exhibits notable pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, distinguishing it from other well-characterized animal models. In ihs mice, severe impairment of insulin secretion from pancreas has been elicited by glucose or potassium chloride stimulation. To clarify the genetic basis of impaired insulin secretion, beginning with identifying the causative gene, genetic linkage analysis was performed using [(C57BL/6 × ihs) F1 × ihs] backcross progeny. Genetic linkage analysis and quantitative trait loci analysis for blood glucose after oral glucose loading indicated that a recessively acting locus responsible for impaired glucose tolerance was mapped to a 14.9-Mb region of chromosome 18 between D18Mit233 and D18Mit235 (the ihs locus). To confirm the gene responsible for the ihs locus, a congenic strain harboring the ihs locus on the C57BL/6 genetic background was developed. Phenotypic analysis of B6.ihs-(D18Mit233-D18Mit235) mice showed significant glucose tolerance impairment and markedly lower plasma insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test. Whole-genome sequencing and Sanger sequencing analyses on the ihs genome detected two ihs-specific variants changing amino acids within the ihs locus; both variants in Slc25a46 and Tcerg1 were predicted to disrupt the protein function. Based on information regarding gene functions involving diabetes mellitus and insulin secretion, reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Reep2 and Sil1 transcripts from ihs islets was significantly decreased whereas that of Syt4 transcripts were significantly increased compared with those of control C57BL/6 mice. Thus, Slc25a46, Tcerg1, Syt4, Reep2 and Sil1 are potential candidate genes for the ihs locus. This will be the focus of future studies in both mice and humans.
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13
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Chiesa R, Sallese M. Review: Protein misfolding diseases – the rare case of Marinesco‐Sjögren syndrome. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 46:323-343. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Chiesa
- Department of Neuroscience Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS MilanItaly
| | - M. Sallese
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti Italy
- CeSI‐MeT Center for Research on Ageing and Translational Medicine University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti Italy
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14
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Functional Role of SIL1 in Neurodevelopment and Learning. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:9653024. [PMID: 31531014 PMCID: PMC6720716 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9653024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sil1 is the causative gene of Marinesco-Sjӧgren Syndrome (MSS). The mutated Sil1 generates shortened SIL1 protein which will form aggregation and be degraded rapidly. Mental retardation is a major symptom of MSS which suggests a role of SIL1 in the development of the central nervous system, but how SIL1 functions remains unclear. Objectives The aim of this study is to explore the role of SIL1 in regulating cerebral development and its underlying molecular mechanism. Methods The basic expression pattern of SIL1 in tissues and cultured cortical neurons is measured by immunostaining and Western blot. The expression of SIL1 is reduced in vitro and in vivo through RNA interference delivered by a lentivirus. The expression of NMDA receptor subunits and the function of the Reelin signaling pathway are then examined by surface biotinylation and Western blot subsequently. Finally, the spatial learning of young mice was assessed by the Barnes maze task. Results SIL1 deficiency caused a diminished expression of both Reelin receptors and therefore impaired the Reelin signaling pathway. It then inhibited the developmental expression of GluN2A and impaired the spatial learning of 5-week-old mice. Conclusions These results suggested that SIL1 is required for the development of the central nervous system which is associated with its role in Reelin signaling.
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15
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Stefanoska K, Bertz J, Volkerling AM, van der Hoven J, Ittner LM, Ittner A. Neuronal MAP kinase p38α inhibits c-Jun N-terminal kinase to modulate anxiety-related behaviour. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14296. [PMID: 30250211 PMCID: PMC6155170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of behavioural responses by neuronal signalling pathways remains incompletely understood. Signalling via mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades regulates multiple neuronal functions. Here, we show that neuronal p38α, a MAP kinase of the p38 kinase family, has a critical and specific role in modulating anxiety-related behaviour in mice. Neuron-specific p38α-knockout mice show increased levels of anxiety in behaviour tests, yet no other behavioural, cognitive or motor deficits. Using CRISPR-mediated deletion of p38α in cells, we show that p38α inhibits c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity, a function that is specific to p38α over other p38 kinases. Consistently, brains of neuron-specific p38α-knockout mice show increased JNK activity. Inhibiting JNK using a specific blood-brain barrier-permeable inhibitor reduces JNK activity in brains of p38α-knockout mice to physiological levels and reverts anxiety behaviour. Thus, our results suggest that neuronal p38α negatively regulates JNK activity that is required for specific modulation of anxiety-related behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Stefanoska
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Josefine Bertz
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Alexander M Volkerling
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Julia van der Hoven
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lars M Ittner
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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16
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Xu H, Xu S, Zhang R, Xin T, Pang Q. SIL1 functions as an oncogene in glioma by AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3775-3783. [PMID: 29997438 PMCID: PMC6033116 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s167552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose SIL1 is a ubiquitous protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and functions as a cochaperone of BiP. Previous studies have shown that function loss of SIL1 is often associated with neurological diseases, such as Marinesco-Sjögren Syndrome. However, no studies have investigated the function of SIL1 in tumors. In this study we aim to reveal functions of SIL1 and the underlying mechanisms in glioma. Materials and methods First, by searching on Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, we examined SIL1 expression and prognostic value in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and brain lower grade glioma (LGG). Immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) was also performed to determine the endogenic SIL1 level. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and clone formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation of U251 cells. Cell migration was detected by transwell assay and cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to determine protein expression. Results We found that the expression of SIL1 was increased by approximately 1.5-fold in GBM and 1.3-fold in LGG compared with normal controls (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with patients’ survival. IHC revealed that SIL1 expression was significantly higher in glioma tissues than that in paracancerous tissues (P<0.05). Glioma patients with high SIL1 expression accounted for 65.79% (25/38) of total samples and SIL1 expression significantly increased in grade IV glioma compared to grades I–III (P=0.026). Suppression of SIL1 expression led to significant inhibition of U251 cell proliferation. Transwell assay showed that cell migration of U251 was significantly inhibited by siSIL transfection, with an inhibitory rate reaching 69%. Flow cytometry detection showed that siSIL1 could induce apoptosis of U251 cells and upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and Caspase3-P17. However, siSIL1 transfection had no effect on the cell cycle. Mechanism studies demonstrated that siSIL1 transfection led to inactivation of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, including decreased phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR without affecting protein expression, as well as decreased expression of the downstream effector p70S6K. Conclusion Downregulation of SIL1 inhibited the progression of glioma by suppressing the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China, ;
| | - Shangchen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China, ;
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China, ;
| | - Tao Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China, ;
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China, ;
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17
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Buchkremer S, González Coraspe JA, Weis J, Roos A. Sil1-Mutant Mice Elucidate Chaperone Function in Neurological Disorders. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:169-181. [PMID: 27854219 PMCID: PMC5271578 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chaperone dysfunction leading to the build-up of misfolded proteins could frequently be linked to clinical manifestations also affecting the nervous system and the skeletal muscle. In addition, increase in chaperone function is beneficial to antagonize protein aggregation and thus represents a promising target for therapeutic concepts for many genetic and acquired chaperonopathies. However, little is known on the precise molecular mechanisms defining the cell and tissue abnormalities in the case of impaired chaperone function as well as on underlying effects in the case of compensatory up-regulation of chaperones. This scarcity of knowledge often arises from a lack of appropriate animal models that mimic closely the human molecular, cellular, and histological characteristics. Here, we introduce the Sil1-mutant woozy mouse as a suitable model to investigate molecular and cellular mechanisms of impaired ER-chaperone function affecting the integrity of nervous system and skeletal muscle. The overlapping clinical findings in man and mouse indicate that woozy is a good copy of a human phenotype called Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome. We confirm the presence of ER-stress and expand the biochemical knowledge of altered nuclear envelope in muscle, a hallmark of SIL1-disease. In addition, our data suggest that impaired excitation-contraction coupling might be part of the SIL1-pathophysiology. Our results moreover indicate that divergent expression of pro- and anti-survival proteins is decisive for Purkinje cell survival. By summarizing the current knowledge of woozy, we focus on the suitability of this animal model to study neuroprotective co-chaperone function and to investigate the involvement of co-chaperones in the predisposition of other disorders such as diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Buchkremer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS e.V., Dortmund, Germany.,The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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18
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Stefanoska K, Volkerling A, Bertz J, Poljak A, Ke YD, Ittner LM, Ittner A. An N-terminal motif unique to primate tau enables differential protein-protein interactions. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3710-3719. [PMID: 29382714 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with other mammalian species, humans are particularly susceptible to tau-mediated neurodegenerative disorders. Differential interactions of the tau protein with other proteins are critical for mediating tau's physiological functions as well as tau-associated pathological processes. Primate tau harbors an 11-amino acid-long motif in its N-terminal region (residues 18-28), which is not present in non-primate species and whose function is unknown. Here, we used deletion mutagenesis to remove this sequence region from the longest human tau isoform, followed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldown assays paired with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) multiplex labeling, a quantitative method to measure protein abundance by mass spectrometry. Using this method, we found that the primate-specific N-terminal tau motif differentially mediates interactions with neuronal proteins. Among these binding partners are proteins involved in synaptic transmission (synapsin-1 and synaptotagmin-1) and signaling proteins of the 14-3-3 family. Furthermore, we identified an interaction of tau with a member of the annexin family (annexin A5) that was linked to the 11-residue motif. These results suggest that primate Tau has evolved specific residues that differentially regulate protein-protein interactions compared with tau proteins from other non-primate mammalian species. Our findings provide in vitro insights into tau's interactions with other proteins that may be relevant to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josefine Bertz
- From the Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences
| | - Anne Poljak
- the Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, and
| | - Yazi D Ke
- the Motor Neuron Disease Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052 and
| | - Lars M Ittner
- From the Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, .,Neuroscience Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Arne Ittner
- From the Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences
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19
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Arunagiri A, Haataja L, Cunningham CN, Shrestha N, Tsai B, Qi L, Liu M, Arvan P. Misfolded proinsulin in the endoplasmic reticulum during development of beta cell failure in diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1418:5-19. [PMID: 29377149 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is broadly distributed throughout the cytoplasm of pancreatic beta cells, and this is where all proinsulin is initially made. Healthy beta cells can synthesize 6000 proinsulin molecules per second. Ordinarily, nascent proinsulin entering the ER rapidly folds via the formation of three evolutionarily conserved disulfide bonds (B7-A7, B19-A20, and A6-A11). A modest amount of proinsulin misfolding, including both intramolecular disulfide mispairing and intermolecular disulfide-linked protein complexes, is a natural by-product of proinsulin biosynthesis, as is the case for many proteins. The steady-state level of misfolded proinsulin-a potential ER stressor-is linked to (1) production rate, (2) ER environment, (3) presence or absence of naturally occurring (mutational) defects in proinsulin, and (4) clearance of misfolded proinsulin molecules. Accumulation of misfolded proinsulin beyond a certain threshold begins to interfere with the normal intracellular transport of bystander proinsulin, leading to diminished insulin production and hyperglycemia, as well as exacerbating ER stress. This is most obvious in mutant INS gene-induced Diabetes of Youth (MIDY; an autosomal dominant disease) but also likely to occur in type 2 diabetes owing to dysregulation in proinsulin synthesis, ER folding environment, or clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Corey N Cunningham
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Neha Shrestha
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ming Liu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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20
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Garelli A, Heredia F, Casimiro AP, Macedo A, Nunes C, Garcez M, Dias ARM, Volonte YA, Uhlmann T, Caparros E, Koyama T, Gontijo AM. Dilp8 requires the neuronal relaxin receptor Lgr3 to couple growth to developmental timing. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8732. [PMID: 26510564 PMCID: PMC4640092 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How different organs in the body sense growth perturbations in distant tissues to coordinate their size during development is poorly understood. Here we mutate an invertebrate orphan relaxin receptor gene, the Drosophila Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 3 (Lgr3), and find body asymmetries similar to those found in insulin-like peptide 8 (dilp8) mutants, which fail to coordinate growth with developmental timing. Indeed, mutation or RNA intereference (RNAi) against Lgr3 suppresses the delay in pupariation induced by imaginal disc growth perturbation or ectopic Dilp8 expression. By tagging endogenous Lgr3 and performing cell type-specific RNAi, we map this Lgr3 activity to a new subset of CNS neurons, four of which are a pair of bilateral pars intercerebralis Lgr3-positive (PIL) neurons that respond specifically to ectopic Dilp8 by increasing cAMP-dependent signalling. Our work sheds new light on the function and evolution of relaxin receptors and reveals a novel neuroendocrine circuit responsive to growth aberrations. The orphan ligand Dilp8 has been shown to coordinate growth and developmental timing in Drosophila. Here, using Gal4 drivers and CRISPR/Cas9 approaches, Garelli et al. identify a role for relaxin-like receptor Lgr3 in regulating the Dilp8 developmental delay pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Garelli
- Integrative Biomedicine Laboratory, CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus do IGC, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), CONICET and Universidad Nacional del Sur, Camino La Carrindanga km7, Bahía Blanca B8000 FWB, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Heredia
- Integrative Biomedicine Laboratory, CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus do IGC, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Andreia P Casimiro
- Integrative Biomedicine Laboratory, CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus do IGC, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Andre Macedo
- Integrative Biomedicine Laboratory, CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus do IGC, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Catarina Nunes
- Integrative Biomedicine Laboratory, CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus do IGC, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Marcia Garcez
- Integrative Biomedicine Laboratory, CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus do IGC, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Angela R Mantas Dias
- Integrative Biomedicine Laboratory, CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus do IGC, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Yanel A Volonte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), CONICET and Universidad Nacional del Sur, Camino La Carrindanga km7, Bahía Blanca B8000 FWB, Argentina
| | - Thomas Uhlmann
- Dualsystems Biotech AG, Grabenstrasse 11a, Schlieren CH-8952, Switzerland
| | - Esther Caparros
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Alicante-Valencia, km 87, San Juan, Alicante 03550, Spain
| | - Takashi Koyama
- Development, Evolution and the Environment Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Alisson M Gontijo
- Integrative Biomedicine Laboratory, CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus do IGC, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
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21
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Behnke J, Feige MJ, Hendershot LM. BiP and its nucleotide exchange factors Grp170 and Sil1: mechanisms of action and biological functions. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:1589-608. [PMID: 25698114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BiP (immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein) is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) orthologue of the Hsp70 family of molecular chaperones and is intricately involved in most functions of this organelle through its interactions with a variety of substrates and regulatory proteins. Like all Hsp70 family members, the ability of BiP to bind and release unfolded proteins is tightly regulated by a cycle of ATP binding, hydrolysis, and nucleotide exchange. As a characteristic of the Hsp70 family, multiple DnaJ-like co-factors can target substrates to BiP and stimulate its ATPase activity to stabilize the binding of BiP to substrates. However, only in the past decade have nucleotide exchange factors for BiP been identified, which has shed light not only on the mechanism of BiP-assisted folding in the ER but also on Hsp70 family members that reside throughout the cell. We will review the current understanding of the ATPase cycle of BiP in the unique environment of the ER and how it is regulated by the nucleotide exchange factors, Grp170 (glucose-regulated protein of 170kDa) and Sil1, both of which perform unanticipated roles in various biological functions and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Behnke
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Linda M Hendershot
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Ichhaporia VP, Sanford T, Howes J, Marion TN, Hendershot LM. Sil1, a nucleotide exchange factor for BiP, is not required for antibody assembly or secretion. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:420-9. [PMID: 25473114 PMCID: PMC4310734 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-09-1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sil1 is a nucleotide exchange factor for the ER chaperone BiP, and mutations in this gene lead to Marinesco–Sjögren syndrome, a multisystem disorder. Effects of loss of Sil1 on biosynthesis and secretion of antibodies, a well-characterized BiP client, are determined in a mouse model for this disease and patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines. Sil1 is a nucleotide exchange factor for the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP, and mutations in this gene lead to Marinesco–Sjögren syndrome (MSS), a debilitating autosomal recessive disease characterized by multisystem defects. A mouse model for MSS was previously produced by disrupting Sil1 using gene-trap methodology. The resulting Sil1Gt mouse phenocopies several pathologies associated with MSS, although its ability to assemble and secrete antibodies, the best-characterized substrate of BiP, has not been investigated. In vivo antigen-specific immunizations and ex vivo LPS stimulation of splenic B cells revealed that the Sil1Gt mouse was indistinguishable from wild-type age-matched controls in terms of both the kinetics and magnitude of antigen-specific antibody responses. There was no significant accumulation of BiP-associated Ig assembly intermediates or evidence that another molecular chaperone system was used for antibody production in the LPS-stimulated splenic B cells from Sil1Gt mice. ER chaperones were expressed at the same level in Sil1WT and Sil1Gt mice, indicating that there was no evident compensation for the disruption of Sil1. Finally, these results were confirmed and extended in three human EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines from individuals with MSS, leading us to conclude that the BiP cofactor Sil1 is dispensable for antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj P Ichhaporia
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Tyler Sanford
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Jenny Howes
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Tony N Marion
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Linda M Hendershot
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105;
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Ittner AA, Gladbach A, Bertz J, Suh LS, Ittner LM. p38 MAP kinase-mediated NMDA receptor-dependent suppression of hippocampal hypersynchronicity in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:149. [PMID: 25331068 PMCID: PMC4212118 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypersynchronicity of neuronal brain circuits is a feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mouse models of AD expressing mutated forms of the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP), a central protein involved in AD pathology, show cortical hypersynchronicity. We studied hippocampal circuitry in APP23 transgenic mice using telemetric electroencephalography (EEG), at the age of onset of memory deficits. APP23 mice display spontaneous hypersynchronicity in the hippocampus including epileptiform spike trains. Furthermore, spectral contributions of hippocampal theta and gamma oscillations are compromised in APP23 mice, compared to non-transgenic controls. Using cross-frequency coupling analysis, we show that hippocampal gamma amplitude modulation by theta phase is markedly impaired in APP23 mice. Hippocampal hypersynchronicity and waveforms are differentially modulated by injection of riluzole and the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibitor MK801, suggesting specific involvement of voltage-gated sodium channels and NMDA receptors in hypersynchronicity thresholds in APP23 mice. Furthermore, APP23 mice show marked activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in hippocampus, and injection of MK801 but not riluzole reduces activation of p38 in the hippocampus. A p38 inhibitor induces hypersynchronicity in APP23 mice to a similar extent as MK801, thus supporting suppression of hypersynchronicity involves NMDA receptors-mediated p38 activity. In summary, we characterize components of hippocampal hypersynchronicity, waveform patterns and cross-frequency coupling in the APP23 mouse model by pharmacological modulation, furthering the understanding of epileptiform brain activity in AD.
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Ittner A, Bertz J, Suh LS, Stevens CH, Götz J, Ittner LM. Tau-targeting passive immunization modulates aspects of pathology in tau transgenic mice. J Neurochem 2014; 132:135-45. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Ittner
- Dementia Research Unit; School of Medical Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
- Brain & Mind Research Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Josefine Bertz
- Dementia Research Unit; School of Medical Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
- Brain & Mind Research Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Lisa S. Suh
- Dementia Research Unit; School of Medical Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Claire H. Stevens
- Dementia Research Unit; School of Medical Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Jürgen Götz
- Brain & Mind Research Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research; Queensland Brain Institute; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld. Australia
| | - Lars M. Ittner
- Dementia Research Unit; School of Medical Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
- Brain & Mind Research Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia; Sydney NSW Australia
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