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Oliveira KKDS, Torres DJL, Barros MDS, Rafael Moreira L, Junior CDDS, Soares AKDA, de Albuquerque MDPCR, Cavalcante MDGAM, Junior WADO, Rabello MCDS, de Lorena VMB. Vitamin D treatment distinctly modulates cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells among patients with chronic cardiac and indeterminate clinical forms of Chagas disease. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1330. [PMID: 39267468 PMCID: PMC11393450 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and is clinically divided into acute and chronic phases. Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy is the most studied manifestation of the disease. Vitamin D deficiency has been suggested as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. No studies demonstrate the action of this hormone in the cells of patients with chronic Chagas heart disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with the different chronic clinical forms of Chagas disease. Evaluating vitamin D's in vitro effect on blood cells by producing cytokines. METHODS Thirteen patients of the undetermined form (IND), 13 of the mild cardiac form (CARD1) and 14 of the severe cardiac form (CARD2) of Chagas disease, and 12 with idiopathic heart disease (CARDid) were included. The cells obtained from peripheral blood were treated in vitro with vitamin D (1 × 10-7 M) for 24 h and cytokines were dosed in the culture supernatant. RESULTS Although it was not possible to demonstrate statistically significant differences between the groups studied, our data showed that the cells treated with vitamin D modify (p < .05) the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (decrease in IND), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (decreased in CARD1 and CARDid), interleukin (IL)-6 (increased in all groups), and IL-10 (decreased in CARD1, CARD2, and CARDid) when compared to untreated cells. CONCLUSION In vitro treatment with vitamin D distinctly modulated the production of cytokines by mononuclear cells of peripheral blood among patients with chronic and indeterminate cardiac clinical forms of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego José Lira Torres
- Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Department, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Michelle da Silva Barros
- Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Leyllane Rafael Moreira
- Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Department, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Claudeir Dias da Silva Junior
- Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Department, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Wilson Alves de Oliveira Junior
- Chagas disease and Heart Failure Outpatient Clinic of the Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Virginia Maria Barros de Lorena
- Institute Aggeu Magalhães, Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Department, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Nejabat A, Emamat H, Afrashteh S, Jamshidi A, Jamali Z, Farhadi A, Talkhabi Z, Nabipour I, Larijani B, Spitz J. Association of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D status with cardiometabolic risk factors and total and regional obesity in southern Iran: evidence from the PoCOsteo study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17983. [PMID: 39097599 PMCID: PMC11297962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic risk factors increase the chance of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Most CVD risk factors are influenced by total and regional obesity. A higher risk of developing CVD may be linked to vitamin D deficiency, which is more prevalent in the older population. With the goal of evaluating the association between vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors and total and regional obesity in older adults, this research included 25 (OH) vitamin D3 concentrations and biochemical markers associated with cardiometabolic diseases, as well as total and regional adiposity, which was measured by DXA. A total of 1991 older participants in the PoCOsteo study were included. Overall, 38.5% of participants had vitamin D deficiency. After adjusting for confounders, the results of multiple linear and logistic regression suggested an inverse association between vitamin D and body mass index (P = 0.04), waist circumference (P = 0.001), total fat (P = 0.02), android fat (P = 0.001), visceral fat (P < 0.001), subcutaneous fat (P = 0.01), trunk fat (P = 0.006), arm fat (P = 0.03), high systolic blood pressure (P = 0.004), high total cholesterol (P < 0.001), high LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001), high serum triglycerides (P = 0.001), and high fasting glucose (P < 0.001). Additionally, higher vitamin D concentrations decreased the risk of dyslipidemia by 2%. Our results showed a significant association between serum vitamin D and a number of cardiometabolic risk factors, including total and regional obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nejabat
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hadi Emamat
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sima Afrashteh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Jamshidi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Zahra Jamali
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Akram Farhadi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Zahra Talkhabi
- Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jörg Spitz
- Academy of Human Medicine (Akademie Für Menschliche Medizin GmbH), Krauskopfallee 27, D 65388, Schlangenbad, Germany
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Wan S, Wu W, Zhang Y, He J, Wang X, An P, Luo J, Zhu Y, Luo Y. Antioxidant Lipid Supplement on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:2213. [PMID: 39064656 PMCID: PMC11279989 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of functional lipids with antioxidant properties in reducing cardiovascular risk has not been consistent. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting estimates for the effects of antioxidant functional lipid supplementations on cardiometabolic risk factors were searched up to 1 May 2024. Overall, antioxidant lipid supplementations, compared with placebo, had favorable effects on systolic blood pressure (lycopene: -1.95 [-3.54, -0.36] mmHg), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (n6 fatty acid: -0.39 [-0.71, -0.06] mmol/L; astaxanthin: -0.11 [-0.21, -0.01] mmol/L), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (n3 fatty acid: 0.20 [0.13, 0.27] mmol/L; n6 fatty acid: 0.08 [0.01, 0.14] mmol/L; astaxanthin: 0.13 [0.05, 0.21] mmol/L), total cholesterol (n6 fatty acid: -0.24 [-0.37, -0.11] mmol/L; astaxanthin: -0.22 [-0.32, -0.12] mmol/L; beta-carotene: -0.13 [-0.23, -0.04] mmol/L), triglyceride (n3 fatty acid: -0.37 [-0.47, -0.28] mmol/L; astaxanthin: -0.46 [-0.83, -0.10] mmol/L), and fasting blood insulin (astaxanthin: -2.66 [-3.98, -1.34] pmol/L). The benefits of antioxidant lipid supplementations appeared to be most evident in blood pressure and blood lipids in participants with different cardiometabolic health statuses. Notably, n9 fatty acid increased triglyceride and hemoglobin A1C in the total population, which increases CVD risk. Antioxidant lipid supplementations ameliorate cardiometabolic risk factors, while their effect may depend on type and cardiometabolic health status. Long-term RCTs are needed to corroborate risk-benefit ratios across different antioxidant functional lipid supplementation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Wan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jian He
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010110, China;
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Zhejiang Medicine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312366, China;
| | - Peng An
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Junjie Luo
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
| | - Yinhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yongting Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (P.A.)
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Chen G, Qian Z(M, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Vaughn MG, Aaron HE, Wang C, Lip GYH, Lin H. Regular use of fish oil supplements and course of cardiovascular diseases: prospective cohort study. BMJ MEDICINE 2024; 3:e000451. [PMID: 38800667 PMCID: PMC11116879 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective To examine the effects of fish oil supplements on the clinical course of cardiovascular disease, from a healthy state to atrial fibrillation, major adverse cardiovascular events, and subsequently death. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting UK Biobank study, 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010, with follow-up to 31 March 2021 (median follow-up 11.9 years). Participants 415 737 participants, aged 40-69 years, enrolled in the UK Biobank study. Main outcome measures Incident cases of atrial fibrillation, major adverse cardiovascular events, and death, identified by linkage to hospital inpatient records and death registries. Role of fish oil supplements in different progressive stages of cardiovascular diseases, from healthy status (primary stage), to atrial fibrillation (secondary stage), major adverse cardiovascular events (tertiary stage), and death (end stage). Results Among 415 737 participants free of cardiovascular diseases, 18 367 patients with incident atrial fibrillation, 22 636 with major adverse cardiovascular events, and 22 140 deaths during follow-up were identified. Regular use of fish oil supplements had different roles in the transitions from healthy status to atrial fibrillation, to major adverse cardiovascular events, and then to death. For people without cardiovascular disease, hazard ratios were 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.10 to 1.17) for the transition from healthy status to atrial fibrillation and 1.05 (1.00 to 1.11) from healthy status to stroke. For participants with a diagnosis of a known cardiovascular disease, regular use of fish oil supplements was beneficial for transitions from atrial fibrillation to major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 0.92, 0.87 to 0.98), atrial fibrillation to myocardial infarction (0.85, 0.76 to 0.96), and heart failure to death (0.91, 0.84 to 0.99). Conclusions Regular use of fish oil supplements might be a risk factor for atrial fibrillation and stroke among the general population but could be beneficial for progression of cardiovascular disease from atrial fibrillation to major adverse cardiovascular events, and from atrial fibrillation to death. Further studies are needed to determine the precise mechanisms for the development and prognosis of cardiovascular disease events with regular use of fish oil supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmin (Min) Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Junguo Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hannah E Aaron
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chuangshi Wang
- Medical Research and Biometrics Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gregory YH Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Christodoulou M, Aspray TJ, Piec I, Fraser WD, Schoenmakers I. Alterations in regulators of the renal-bone axis, inflammation and iron status in older people with early renal impairment and the effect of vitamin D supplementation. Age Ageing 2024; 53:afae096. [PMID: 38770543 PMCID: PMC11106582 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to alterations in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and the renal-bone axis. This may be partly driven by altered inflammation and iron status. Vitamin D supplementation may reduce inflammation. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS Older adults with early CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30-60 ml/min/1.73 m2; CKDG3a/b; n = 35) or normal renal function (eGFR >90 ml/min/1.73 m2; CKDG1; n = 35) received 12,000, 24,000 or 48,000 IU D3/month for 1 year. Markers of the renal-bone axis, inflammation and iron status were investigated pre- and post-supplementation. Predictors of c-terminal and intact FGF23 (cFGF23; iFGF23) were identified by univariate and multivariate regression. RESULTS Pre-supplementation, comparing CKDG3a/b to CKDG1, plasma cFGF23, iFGF23, PTH, sclerostin and TNFα were significantly higher and Klotho, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and iron were lower. Post-supplementation, only cFGF23, 25(OH)D and IL6 differed between groups. The response to supplementation differed between eGFR groups. Only in the CKDG1 group, phosphate decreased, cFGF23, iFGF23 and procollagen type I N-propeptide increased. In the CKDG3a/b group, TNFα significantly decreased, and iron increased. Plasma 25(OH)D and IL10 increased, and carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks decreased in both groups. In univariate models cFGF23 and iFGF23 were predicted by eGFR and regulators of calcium and phosphate metabolism at both time points; IL6 predicted cFGF23 (post-supplementation) and iFGF23 (pre-supplementation) in univariate models. Hepcidin predicted post-supplementation cFGF23 in multivariate models with eGFR. CONCLUSION Alterations in regulators of the renal-bone axis, inflammation and iron status were found in early CKD. The response to vitamin D3 supplementation differed between eGFR groups. Plasma IL6 predicted both cFGF23 and iFGF23 and hepcidin predicted cFGF23.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terence J Aspray
- Freeman Hospital, Bone Clinic, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Isabelle Piec
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich, UK
| | - William D Fraser
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich, UK
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Inez Schoenmakers
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich, UK
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK
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Hauta-Alus HH, Rosendahl J, Holmlund-Suila EM, Valkama SM, Enlund-Cerullo M, Nurhonen M, Kajantie E, Mäkitie O, Andersson S. Low-grade inflammation from prenatal period to age 6-8 years in a Vitamin D trial. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1578-1586. [PMID: 38225452 PMCID: PMC11126391 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade systemic inflammation measured as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) has been associated with non-communicable disease risk. We assessed whether prenatal inflammation and early-childhood vitamin D are associated with inflammation until age 6-8. METHODS We analyzed blood hs-CRP and 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] in pregnancy, at birth from umbilical cord blood (UCB), from offspring at ages 1, 2, and 6-8 years in the Vitamin D Intervention in Infants (VIDI) study. VIDI was a randomized-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation of 10 μg/day or 30 μg/day from age 2 weeks until 2 years in 975 infants recruited in 2013-14, with follow-up at age 6-8 in 2019-21 (n = 283). RESULTS Pregnancy hs-CRP was associated with UCB hs-CRP (r = 0.18, p < 0.001) but not independently with childhood hs-CRP (Estimate [95% CI] 0.04 [<-0.00, 0.09]). Higher UCB hs-CRP was associated independently with higher hs-CRP until 6-8 years (0.20 [0.12, 0.29]). Infant vitamin D dose had no effect on longitudinal hs-CRP (6-8 years, 0.11 [-0.04, 0.25]). Childhood 25(OH)D were associated positively with hs-CRP until age 6-8 (0.01 [>0.00, 0.01]). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that in children, inflammation, assessed by hs-CRP, persists from birth until 6-8 years. We observed positive associations between 25(OH)D and hs-CRP in vitamin D-sufficient children. IMPACT High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations tract from birth to age 8 years Our novel finding suggests a long-lasting pro-inflammatory phenotype in the child Higher vitamin D concentration - but not dose - is associated with higher childhood hs-CRP Chronic disease risk related to inflammation may in part originate from the prenatal period or early childhood Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of inflammation on long-term clinical health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena H Hauta-Alus
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism (CAMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Population Health unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Jenni Rosendahl
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism (CAMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa M Holmlund-Suila
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism (CAMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara M Valkama
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism (CAMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Enlund-Cerullo
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism (CAMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Nurhonen
- Population Health unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Population Health unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Wang AYM, Elsurer Afsar R, Sussman-Dabach EJ, White JA, MacLaughlin H, Ikizler TA. Vitamin Supplement Use in Patients With CKD: Worth the Pill Burden? Am J Kidney Dis 2024; 83:370-385. [PMID: 37879527 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
All vitamins play essential roles in various aspects of body function and systems. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including those receiving dialysis, may be at increased risk of developing vitamin deficiencies due to anorexia, poor dietary intake, protein energy wasting, restricted diet, dialysis loss, or inadequate sun exposure for vitamin D. However, clinical manifestations of most vitamin deficiencies are usually subtle or undetected in this population. Testing for circulating levels is not undertaken for most vitamins except folate, B12, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D because assays may not be available or may be costly to perform and do not always correlate with body stores. The last systematic review through 2016 was performed for the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) 2020 Nutrition Guideline update, so this article summarizes the more recent evidence. We review the use of vitamins supplementation in the CKD population. To date there have been no randomized trials to support the benefits of any vitamin supplementation for kidney, cardiovascular, or patient-centered outcomes. The decision to supplement water-soluble vitamins should be individualized, taking account the patient's dietary intake, nutritional status, risk of vitamins deficiency/insufficiency, CKD stage, comorbid status, and dialysis loss. Nutritional vitamin D deficiency should be corrected, but the supplementation dose and formulation need to be personalized, taking into consideration the degree of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency, parathyroid hormone levels, CKD stage, and local formulation. Routine supplementation of vitamins A and E is not supported due to potential toxicity. Although more trial data are required to elucidate the roles of vitamin supplementation, all patients with CKD should undergo periodic assessment of dietary intake and aim to receive various vitamins through natural food sources and a healthy eating pattern that includes vitamin-dense foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Yee-Moon Wang
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Jennifer A White
- California State University at Northridge, Northridge, California
| | - Helen MacLaughlin
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - T Alp Ikizler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt O'Brien Kidney Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Popa AD, Niță O, Caba L, Gherasim A, Graur M, Mihalache L, Arhire LI. From the Sun to the Cell: Examining Obesity through the Lens of Vitamin D and Inflammation. Metabolites 2023; 14:4. [PMID: 38276294 PMCID: PMC10820276 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects more than one billion people worldwide and often leads to cardiometabolic chronic comorbidities. It induces senescence-related alterations in adipose tissue, and senescence is closely linked to obesity. Fully elucidating the pathways through which vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory effects may improve our understanding of local adipose tissue inflammation and the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. In this narrative review, we compiled and analyzed the literature from diverse academic sources, focusing on recent developments to provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of vitamin D on inflammation associated with obesity and senescence. The article reveals that the activation of the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1) and NLRP3 inflammasome (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing, pyrin domain-containing-3) pathways through the toll-like receptors, which increases oxidative stress and cytokine release, is a common mechanism underlying inflammation associated with obesity and senescence, and it discusses the potential beneficial effect of vitamin D in alleviating the development of subclinical inflammation. Investigating the main target cells and pathways of vitamin D action in adipose tissue could help uncover complex mechanisms of obesity and cellular senescence. This review summarizes significant findings related to opportunities for improving metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Delia Popa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Otilia Niță
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Lavinia Caba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Andreea Gherasim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Mariana Graur
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University “Ștefan cel Mare” of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Laura Mihalache
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Lidia Iuliana Arhire
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
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9
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MacGirlley R, Phoswa WN, Mokgalaboni K. Modulatory Properties of Vitamin D in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Focus on Inflammation and Dyslipidemia. Nutrients 2023; 15:4575. [PMID: 37960227 PMCID: PMC10650901 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from preclinical studies has found a correlation between the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and vitamin D deficiency. However, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) revealed inconclusive results on vitamin D supplementation. We explored the effect of vitamin D on inflammation and dyslipidemia in T2D. METHODS We comprehensively searched for RCTs evaluating the effect of vitamin D in T2D on PubMed. Data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 and reports, such as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) at a 5% significant level using a random effect model. RESULTS This study revealed a significant reduction in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) SMD = (-0.51, 95%CI (-0.93, -0.09); p = 0.02), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) SMD = (-1.06, 95%CI (-1.67, -0.45); p < 0.05) in vitamin D compared to placebo. Additionally, interleukin-6 (IL-6) exhibited a marginal effect SMD = (-0.52, 95%CI (-1.05, 0.01), p = 0.05). Furthermore, a significant reduction in the level of triglycerides SMD = (-0.65, 95%CI (-1.11, -0.18), p < 0.05) was observed, concomitant to a significantly increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level SMD = (0.53, 95%CI (0.08, 0.98), p = 0.02). However, no statistically significant changes were observed in total cholesterols SMD = (-0.16, 95%CI (-0.57, 0.24), p = 0.43) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) SMD = (-0.06, 95%CI (-0.37, 0.24), p = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial in ameliorating inflammation and dyslipidemia in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kabelo Mokgalaboni
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Private Bag X6, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa; (R.M.); (W.N.P.)
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10
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Tang X, Lv X, Wang R, Li X, Xu W, Wang N, Ma S, Huang H, Niu Y, Kong X. Association of marine PUFAs intakes with cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality in American adult male patients with dyslipidemia: the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001 to 2016. Nutr J 2023; 22:48. [PMID: 37798712 PMCID: PMC10557340 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between marine polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and cardiovascular disease and mortality in dyslipidemic patients is unclear. Men with dyslipidemia have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than women, and PUFA supplementation may be more beneficial in men. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between different types of marine polyunsaturated fatty acids intakes and cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality in adult U.S. males with dyslipidemia. METHODS The study ultimately included 11,848 adult men with dyslipidemia who were screened from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2001 and 2016. This was linked to the 2019 National Death Index (NDI) records to establish a prospective cohort. In the study, a logistic regression model was established to assess the relationship between PUFA intake and prevalent CVD, and a Cox proportional hazards regression model was established to assess the relationship between PUFA intake and death. RESULTS In the fully adjusted models, compared with participants in the lowest tertile, participants with the highest DPA intake were associated with a lower risk of CVD (CVD: OR = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.55, 0.91; angina: OR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.38, 0.79; stroke: OR = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.43, 0.89), but not with three subtypes of congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction. And the highest tertile level of DPA intake can reduce all-cause mortality (HR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.64, 0.91) and CVD mortality (HR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.52, 0.90). CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular disease risk, all-cause mortality, and CVD mortality were inversely associated with dietary DPA intake but not EPA and DHA intakes in U.S. male participants with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanfeng Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyi Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruohua Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenyu Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuran Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yucun Niu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision nutrition and health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiangju Kong
- Department of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Lu Q, Chen J, Li R, Wang Y, Tu Z, Geng T, Liu L, Pan A, Liu G. Healthy lifestyle, plasma metabolites, and risk of cardiovascular disease among individuals with diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2023; 367:48-55. [PMID: 36642660 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lifestyle management is a fundamental aspect of diabetes care to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the underlying metabolic mechanism is not well established. We aimed to identify metabolites associated with different lifestyle factors, and estimate their mediating roles between lifestyle and CVD risk among people with diabetes. METHODS Lifestyle and metabolomic data were available for 5072 participants with diabetes who were free of CVD at baseline in the UK Biobank. The healthy level of 5 lifestyle factors was defined as non-central obesity, non-current smoking, moderate alcohol intake, physically active, and healthy diet. A total of 44 biomarkers across 7 metabolic pathways including lipoprotein particles, fatty acids, amino acids, fluid balance, inflammation, ketone bodies, and glycolysis were quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. RESULTS All 44 assayed metabolites were significantly associated with at least one lifestyle factor. Approximately half of metabolites, which were mostly lipoprotein particles and fatty acids, showed a mediating effect between at least one lifestyle factor and CVD risk. NMR metabolites jointly mediated 43.4%, 30.0%, 16.8%, 43.4%, and 65.5% of the association of non-central obesity, non-current smoking, moderate alcohol intake, physically active, and healthy diet with lower CVD risk, respectively. In general, though metabolites that significantly associated with lifestyle were mostly different across the 5 lifestyle factors, the pattern of association was consistent between fatty acids and all 5 lifestyle factors. Further, fatty acids showed significant mediating effects in the association between all 5 lifestyle factors and CVD risk with mediation proportion ranging from 12.2% to 26.8%. CONCLUSIONS There were large-scale differences in circulating NMR metabolites between individuals with diabetes who adhered to a healthy lifestyle and those did not. Differences in metabolites, especial fatty acids, could partially explain the association between adherence to multiple healthy lifestyle and lower CVD risk among people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junxiang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhouzheng Tu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Hu Z, Zhi X, Li J, Li B, Wang J, Zhu J, Zhang Z. Effects of long-term vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profile in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 225:106198. [PMID: 36181990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of long-term vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles in middle-aged to elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), a randomized controlled trial was conducted among patients with T2D aged 50-70 years. A total of 270 patients underwent randomization with 135 being allocated to the vitamin D group and 135 to the control group, and participants in the vitamin D group received oral vitamin D3 (800 IU/day) for 30 months. Serum 25(OH)D and metabolic variables were measured at baseline, and after 6, 12, 18, and 30 months of intervention. After 30 months, the vitamin D group showed a greater increase in serum 25(OH)D than the control group (12.39 ± 6.99 vs 5.35 ± 5.29 ng/ml, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, changes in the levels of fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, non-high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and uric acid differed significantly between the two groups (all P < 0.05). Stratified analysis indicated that change in uric acid differed significantly between the two groups in subgroup with baseline 25(OH)D ≥ 20 ng/ml (P = 0.042) or subgroup with female patients (P = 0.034). And the change in fasting blood glucose (FBG) differed significantly between the vitamin D group (-0.30 ± 2.52 mmol/L) and the control group (0.49 ± 1.78 mmol/L, P = 0.049) among patients achieving 25(OH)D concentrations of 30 ng/ml at the end of this trial. A significant difference in the change of triglyceride was observed between the two groups among patients with obesity at baseline [0.05(-0.59, 0.23) vs 0.41(-0.01, 0.80) mmol/L, P = 0.023]. These findings suggested that long-term vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum concentrations of non-HDL-C, hs-CRP, and uric acid among middle-aged to elderly patients with T2D. And vitamin D status, gender, and baseline obesity may modify the effects of vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Hu
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jinxiu Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jianliang Zhu
- Lishui Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
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13
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John RV, Devasiya T, V.R. N, Adigal S, Lukose J, Kartha VB, Chidangil S. Cardiovascular biomarkers in body fluids: progress and prospects in optical sensors. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:1023-1050. [PMID: 35996626 PMCID: PMC9386656 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major causative factors for high mortality and morbidity in developing and developed nations. The biomarker detection plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of several non-infectious and life-threatening diseases like CVD and many cancers, which in turn will help in more successful therapy, reducing the mortality rate. Biomarkers have diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic significances. The search for novel biomarkers using proteomics, bio-sensing, micro-fluidics, and spectroscopic techniques with good sensitivity and specificity for CVD is progressing rapidly at present, in addition to the use of gold standard biomarkers like troponin. This review is dealing with the current progress and prospects in biomarker research for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Expert opinion. Fast diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can help to provide rapid medical intervention, which can affect the patient's short and long-term health. Identification and detection of proper biomarkers for early diagnosis are crucial for successful therapy and prognosis of CVDs. The present review discusses the analysis of clinical samples such as whole blood, blood serum, and other body fluids using techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography-LASER/LED-induced fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, mainly, optical methods, combined with nanotechnology and micro-fluidic technologies, to probe patterns of multiple markers (marker signatures) as compared to conventional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena V. John
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India 576104
| | - Tom Devasiya
- Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India 576104
| | - Nidheesh V.R.
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India 576104
| | - Sphurti Adigal
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India 576104
| | - Jijo Lukose
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India 576104
| | - V. B. Kartha
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India 576104
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India 576104
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14
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Mba CM, Koulman A, Forouhi NG, Sharp SJ, Imamura F, Jones K, Meadows SR, Assah F, Mbanya JC, Wareham NJ. Association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults in rural and urban settings. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:34. [PMID: 35906229 PMCID: PMC9338254 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An inverse association between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk has been reported but this relationship may have been affected by residual confounding from adiposity and physical activity due to imprecise measures of these variables. We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and cardiometabolic risk factors, with adjustment for objectively-measured physical activity and adiposity. Methods This was a population-based cross-sectional study in 586 adults in Cameroon (63.5% women). We assessed markers of glucose homoeostasis (fasting blood glucose (BG), 2 h post glucose load BG, HOMA-IR)) and computed a metabolic syndrome score by summing the sex‐specific z‐scores of five risk components measuring central adiposity, blood pressure, glucose, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Results Mean±SD age was 38.3 ± 8.6 years, and serum 25(OH)D was 51.7 ± 12.5 nmol/L. Mean 25(OH)D was higher in rural (53.4 ± 12.8 nmol/L) than urban residents (50.2 ± 12.1 nmol/L), p = 0.002. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (<50 nmol/L) was 45.7%. There was an inverse association between 25(OH)D and the metabolic syndrome score in unadjusted analyses (β = −0.30, 95% CI −0.55 to −0.05), which became non-significant after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol intake and education level. Serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with fasting BG (−0.21, −0.34 to −0.08)), which remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol intake, the season of data collection, BMI and physical activity (−0.17, −0.29 to −0.06). There was an inverse association of 25(OH)D with 2-h BG (−0.20, −0.34 to −0.05) and HOMA-IR (−0.12, −0.19 to −0.04) in unadjusted analysis, but these associations became non-significant after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusion Vitamin D insufficiency was common in this population. This study showed an inverse association between vitamin D status and fasting glucose that was independent of potential confounders, including objectively measured physical activity and adiposity, suggesting a possible mechanism through insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M Mba
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom. .,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Albert Koulman
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry Jones
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah R Meadows
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Assah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Claude Mbanya
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Nick J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Xiao Y, Zhang Q, Liao X, Elbelt U, Weylandt KH. The effects of omega-3 fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 182:102456. [PMID: 35717726 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cardiovascular risk modification in type 2 diabetes and related complications remain unclear. We aim to assess the published effects of n-3 PUFA interventions on lipid risk factors in type 2 diabetes. METHODS We searched the literature on Pubmed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases in order to perform a pooled analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing n-3 PUFA interventions in type 2 diabetes. The primary outcomes analyzed were the effect of n -3 PUFAs on metabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes. RESULTS 46 RCTs involving 4991 patients with type 2 diabetes were identified for further analysis. Analysis of results showed that n-3 PUFAs interventions significantly improved total cholesterol (TC, WMD = -0.22; 95% CI: -0.32∼ -0.11), triglyceride (TG,WMD = -0.36; 95% CI: -0.48∼-0.25), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C,WMD = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02∼ 0.08), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, WMD = -0.19; 95% CI: -0.31∼-0.06) and C-reactive protein (CRP,WMD = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.74∼-0.07) levels compared to controls (p < 0.05). There was no significant effect on renal function, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), adiponectin and leptin (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review suggest that n-3 PUFAs can improve cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xiao
- Division of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolism and Oncology, Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Neuruppin 16816, Germany; Medical Department, Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Qifang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541002, China
| | - Xueling Liao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China; Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Ulf Elbelt
- Division of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolism and Oncology, Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Neuruppin 16816, Germany; Medical Department, Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Karsten H Weylandt
- Division of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolism and Oncology, Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Neuruppin 16816, Germany; Faculty of Health Sciences, joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14467, Germany.
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Wu Z, Sluyter J, Liew OW, Chong JPC, Waayer D, Camargo CA, Richards AM, Scragg R. Effect of monthly vitamin D supplementation on cardiac biomarkers: A post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 220:106093. [PMID: 35272017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular diseases are controversial. Data on effects of vitamin D upon cardiac biomarkers, as surrogate endpoints of cardiovascular diseases, are limited and inconclusive. Therefore, we carried out a post-hoc analysis of sub-samples of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with community-based older adults who were randomized to receive monthly 100,000-IU vitamin D or placebo, to determine effect of monthly vitamin D supplementation on high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Adjusted relative difference (aRD) of follow-up geometric mean of biomarkers and adjusted relative risk (aRR) of elevated biomarkers between two groups were calculated. A total of 779 participants aged 50-84 y, randomized to vitamin D (n = 395) or placebo (n = 384) groups underwent sampling for measurement of plasma biomarkers at baseline and after one or two years treatment. Over a mean follow-up of 1.6 years, we did not find significant relative difference of geometric mean levels of three biomarkers at follow-up between vitamin D and placebo groups: hs-cTnI (aRD=1.03, 95%CI=0.97-1.09), hs-cTnT (aRD=0.99, 95%CI=0.95-1.04), and NT-proBNP (aRD=1.01, 95%CI=0.92-1.10). No significant differences were found in likelihood of clinically elevated biomarkers between two groups: hs-cTnI (aRR=0.92, 95%CI=0.51-1.69), hs-cTnT (aRR=1.11, 95%CI=0.86-1.42), and NT-proBNP (aRR=1.03,95%CI=0.89-1.20). However, among participants with initial low vitamin D status (<50 nmol/L, n = 200), follow-up NT-proBNP were significantly lower in the vitamin D group compared to placebo (geometric mean 75.9 vs 94.5 pg/mL, respectively; aRD=0.84, 95%CI=0.71-<1.00). The same results were observed for the NT-proBNP levels change from baseline between two groups. Overall, in older adults, monthly vitamin D supplementation did not reduce concentrations of hs-cTnI, hs-cTnT, and NT-proBNP. In those with low vitamin D status, vitamin D treatment was associated, on follow up and change from baseline, with lower plasma NT-proBNP compared with placebo. This potentially signals reduced risk of subsequent heart failure within this sub-group. However, we acknowledge that these findings need to be considered exploratory. Further research is required to replicate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Wu
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - John Sluyter
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Oi Wah Liew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jenny Pek Ching Chong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Debbie Waayer
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Robert Scragg
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Interaction with the Gut Microbiome in the Prevention and Amelioration of Type-2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091723. [PMID: 35565691 PMCID: PMC9104474 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often linked with hyperglycemia, disturbed lipid profiles, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has a vital role in the management of T2DM. As a result, a better understanding of the potential role of omega-3 fatty acids in the development and progression of T2DM by influencing the intestinal microflora will help to improve the therapeutic intervention for T2DM and related complications. Focusing on the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways induced by omega-3 fatty acids, this paper attempts to comprehensively review and discuss the putative associations between omega-3 fatty acids, gut dysbiosis, and the pathophysiology of T2DM and its related comorbidities. In addition, we contemplate the importance of gut microbiota in T2DM prevention and treatment and ponder the role of omega-3 fatty acids in T2DM by positively modulating gut microbiota, which may lead to discovery of novel targets and therapeutic strategies thereby paving way for further comprehensive, mechanistic, and clinical studies.
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18
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An Overview of Systematic Reviews of the Role of Vitamin D on Inflammation in Patients with Diabetes and the Potentiality of Its Application on Diabetic Patients with COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052873. [PMID: 35270015 PMCID: PMC8911457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost two years have passed since the outbreak reported for the first time in Wuhan of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 coronavirus, rapidly evolved into a pandemic. This infectious disease has stressed global health care systems. The mortality rate is higher, particularly in elderly population and in patients with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, chronic renal disease, and malignancy. Among them, subjects with diabetes have a high risk of developing severe form of COVID-19 and show increased mortality. How diabetes contributes to COVID-19 severity remains unclear. It has been hypothesized that it may be correlated with the effects of hyperglycemia on systemic inflammatory responses and immune system dysfunction. Vitamin D (VD) is a modulator of immune-response. Data from literature showed that vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19 patients increases COVID-19 severity, likely because of its negative impact on immune and inflammatory responses. Therefore, the use of vitamin D might play a role in some aspects of the infection, particularly the inflammatory state and the immune system function of patients. Moreover, a piece of evidence highlighted a link among vitamin D deficiency, obesity and diabetes, all factors associated with COVID-19 severity. Given this background, we performed an overview of the systematic reviews to assess the association between vitamin D supplementation and inflammatory markers in patients with diabetes; furthermore, vitamin D’s possible role in COVID-19 patients was assessed as well. Three databases, namely MEDLINE, PubMed Central and the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, were reviewed to retrieve the pertinent data. The aim of this review is to provide insight into the recent advances about the molecular basis of the relationship between vitamin D, immune response, inflammation, diabetes and COVID-19.
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19
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Vitamin D und Omega-3-Fettsäuren ohne klinischen Nutzen. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1317-5067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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