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Gunasinghe C, Bergou N, MacCrimmon S, Rhead R, Woodhead C, Jones Nielsen JD, Hatch SL. Co-production of an online research and resource platform for improving the health of young people-The hype project. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0277734. [PMID: 38848378 PMCID: PMC11161015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental health conditions tend to go unrecognised and untreated in adolescence, and therefore it is crucial to improve the health and social outcomes for these individuals through age and culturally appropriate interventions. This paper aims firstly to describe the development and implementation of the HYPE project platform (a research and resource platform co-designed and co-produced with young people). The second aim is to describe the characteristics of participants who engaged with the platform and an embedded pilot online survey. Participatory action research approach was used to address objectives of the HYPE project. Data were analysed to: (1) help improve access to health and social services, (2) guide provision of information of online resources and (3) deliver complementary community-based events/activities to promote mental health and to ultimately prevent mental health issues. Pilot and main phases of the HYPE project demonstrated the capacity and feasibility for such a platform to reach local, national, and international populations. Analyses demonstrated that the platform was particularly relevant for young females with pre-existing health difficulties. Some of the barriers to involving young people in research and help-seeking are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cerisse Gunasinghe
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, School of Health & Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicol Bergou
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shirlee MacCrimmon
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Rhead
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Woodhead
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica D. Jones Nielsen
- Department of Psychology, School of Health & Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephani L. Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Gnan G, Asif Z, Campbell S, Dyer J, Ehsan A, Hoffmann K, Kienzler H, Mellick S, Martin N, Osei C, Rebello A, Remouche I, Rhead R, Richards D, Sabra I, Sabra S, Sterk P, Woodhead C, Hatch S. A mixed methods PAR study investigating social capital as a resource for Black and other racially minoritised communities in the UK: A study protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296125. [PMID: 38128005 PMCID: PMC10734924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how different Black and other racially minoritised communities thrive is an emerging priority area in mental health promotion. Literature demonstrates health benefits of social capital (social resources embedded within social networks). However, its effects are not always positive, particularly for certain subpopulations who are already disadvantaged.The CONtributions of social NEtworks to Community Thriving (CONNECT) study will use Participatory Action Research (PAR) to investigate social capital as a resource that benefits (or hinders) racially minoritised communities and their mental health. The CONNECT study was designed within a partnership with community organisations and responds to local policy in two South-East London Boroughs, thereby providing potential channels for the action component of PAR. Taking an anti-racism lens, we acknowledge the underpinning role of racism in creating health inequities. We apply an intersectional framework to be considerate of overlapping forms of oppression such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation as an essential part of developing effective strategies to tackle health inequities. Key components of this mixed methods PAR study include (1) involving racialised minority community members as peer researchers in the team (2) collecting and analysing primary qualitative data via interviews, photovoice, and community mapping workshops, (3) developing relevant research questions guided by peer researchers and collaborating organisations and analysing secondary quantitative data accordingly, (4) integrating qualitative and quantitative phases, and (5) working closely with community and policy partners to act on our findings and use our research for social change.The PAR approach will allow us to engage community (voluntary sector and government) and academic partners in decision making and help address imbalances in power and resource allocation. Knowledge generated through this collaborative approach will contribute to existing community initiatives, policies, and council strategies. This will ensure the views and experiences of racially minoritised communities drive the changes we are collaboratively committed to achieving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gnan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zara Asif
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Social Science and Public Policy, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, School of Global Affairs, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanchika Campbell
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anna Ehsan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Centre for Global Mental Health and Health Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna Kienzler
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Social Science and Public Policy, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, School of Global Affairs, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shabbir Mellick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathaniel Martin
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl Osei
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abreen Rebello
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Imade Remouche
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Rhead
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Denise Richards
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim Sabra
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Sabra
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pippa Sterk
- Faculty of Social Science and Public Policy, School of Education, Communication and Society, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Woodhead
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephani Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Stagg AL, Harber-Aschan L, Hatch SL, Fear NT, Dorrington S, Madan I, Stevelink SAM. Risk factors for the progression to multimorbidity among UK urban working-age adults. A community cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291295. [PMID: 37682940 PMCID: PMC10490989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The progression of long-term conditions (LTCs) from zero-to-one (initiation), and from one-to-many (progression)are common trajectories that impact a person's quality of life including their ability to work. This study aimed to explore the demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and health-related determinants of LTC initiation and progression, with a focus on work participation. METHODS Data from 622 working-age adults who had completed two waves (baseline and follow-up) of the South-East London Community Health survey were analysed. Chi square tests and multinomial logistic regression were used to describe the associations between self-reported demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and health-related variables, and the progression of LTCs. RESULTS Small social networks, an increased number of stressful life events, low self-rated health, functional impairment, and increased somatic symptom severity were all associated with both the progression from zero-to-one LTC and from one LTC to multimorbidity (two or more LTCs). Renting accommodation (RRR 1.73 [95% CI 1.03-2.90]), smoking (RRR 1.91 [95% CI 1.16-3.14]) and being overweight (RRR 1.88 [95% CL 1.12-3.16]) were unique risk factors of developing initial LTCs, whereas low income (RRR 2.53 [95% CI 1.11-5.80]), working part-time (RRR 2.82 ([95% CL 1.12-7.10]), being unemployed (RRR 4.83 [95% CI 1.69-13.84]), and making an early work exit (RRR 16.86 [95% CI 3.99-71.30]) all increased the risk of progressing from one LTC to multimorbidity compared to being employed full-time. At follow-up, depression was the most prevalent LTC in the unemployed group whereas musculoskeletal conditions were the most prevalent in those working. CONCLUSIONS The journey to multimorbidity is complex, with both common and unique risk factors. Non-full-time employment was associated with an increased risk of progression to multimorbidity. Future research should explore the risk and benefit pathways between employment and progression of LTCs. Interventions to prevent progression of LTCs should include mitigation of modifiable risk factors such as social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Stagg
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Occupational Health, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Harber-Aschan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Stockholm University Demography Unit, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephani L. Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola T. Fear
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- King’s Centre for Military Health Research, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Dorrington
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ira Madan
- Department of Occupational Health, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon A. M. Stevelink
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- King’s Centre for Military Health Research, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Schoenweger P, Kirschneck M, Biersack K, Di Meo AF, Reindl-Spanner P, Prommegger B, Ditzen-Janotta C, Henningsen P, Krcmar H, Gensichen J, Jung-Sievers C. Community indicators for mental health in Europe: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1188494. [PMID: 37538274 PMCID: PMC10396773 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1188494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Community indicators may predict and influence individuals` mental health, and support or impede mental health management. However, there is no consensus on which indicators should be included in predictions, prognostic algorithms, or management strategies for community-based mental health promotion and prevention approaches. Therefore, this scoping review provides an overview of relevant community-level indicators for mental health in the general as well as risk populations in a European context. Methods We conducted a scoping review in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo. Eligible studies focused on context factors such as either the physical or social environment, reporting at least one mental health outcome and referring to a European population. Publications between 2012 and March 8, 2022 are considered. Results In total, the search yielded 12,200 identified records. After the removal of duplicates, 10,059 records were screened against the eligibility criteria. In total, 169 studies were included in the final analysis. Out of these included studies, 6% focused on pan-European datasets and 94% on a specific European country. Populations were either general or high-risk populations (56 vs. 44%, respectively) with depressive disorder as the main reported outcome (49%), followed by general mental health (33%) and anxiety (23%). Study designs were cross-sectional studies (59%), longitudinal (27%), and others (14%). The final set of indicators consisted of 53 indicators, which were grouped conceptually into 13 superordinate categories of community indicators. These were divided into the domains of the physical and social environment. The most commonly measured and reported categories of community indicators associated with mental health outcomes were social networks (n = 87), attitudinal factors toward vulnerable groups (n = 76), and the characteristics of the built environment (n = 56). Conclusion This review provides an evidence base of existing and novel community-level indicators that are associated with mental health. Community factors related to the physical and social environment should be routinely recorded and considered as influencing factors or potentially underestimated confounders. The relevance should be analyzed and included in clinical outcomes, data, monitoring and surveillance as they may reveal new trends and targets for public mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Schoenweger
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Kirschneck
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Biersack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Francesca Di Meo
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Reindl-Spanner
- TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Prommegger
- TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Ditzen-Janotta
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Henningsen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Krcmar
- TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Gensichen
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Jung-Sievers
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
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Prevalence of perceived discrimination and associations with mental health inequalities in the UK during 2019-2020: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 322:115094. [PMID: 36827857 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Experiencing discrimination is associated with poorer mental health and the demographic patterning of discrimination may explain social inequalities in mental health. The present research examined prevalence of perceived discrimination in the UK and associations with social inequalities in mental health. Data were taken from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (n = 32,003). Population subgroups (sex, age, ethnicity, health, religiousness, income, education, and occupation), perceived personal discrimination (personal experience) and perceived belonging to a discriminated group (identified as belonging to a group discriminated against in this country), and probable mental health problems (GHQ-12 assessed, cut off 4+) were reported on in 2019/2020. Nineteen percent of participants perceived personal discrimination in the last year, 9% perceived belonging to a discriminated group, and 22% had probable mental health problems. There were significant inequalities in both perceived discrimination and mental health. Being a younger adult, of mixed ethnicity, having health problems, having a university degree, and being unemployed increased risk of mental health problems and these associations were partially explained by perceived discrimination being more common among these groups. Perceived discrimination is common among UK adults, but prevalence differs by population subgroup. Perceived discrimination may contribute to social inequalities in mental health.
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Urzúa A, Baeza-Rivera MJ, Caqueo-Urízar A, Henríquez D. Optimism and Intolerance to Uncertainty May Mediate the Negative Effect of Discrimination on Mental Health in Migrant Population. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040503. [PMID: 36833036 PMCID: PMC9956353 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Migration causes effects on the people who migrate and on the societies that receive them, which can be positive or negative, depending on the characteristics of the interaction. One negative effect is the emergence of mental health disorders associated with the presence of discrimination, a relationship for which there is abundant evidence, although there is less research on factors that may alter this effect. (2) Objective: To evaluate the possible mediating role of optimism and intolerance to uncertainty in the relationship between discrimination and mental health. (3) Method: Nine hundred and nineteen adult Colombian migrants residing in Chile, 49.5% were men and 50.5% women, ages from 18 to 65 years, were evaluated. The Discrimination Experience Scale, BDI-IA Inventory, BAI, LOT-R and the Intolerance to Uncertainty Scale were applied. The effects were estimated using structural equation modeling. (4) Results: A mediating effect of both dispositional optimism and intolerance to uncertainty on the relationship between discrimination and mental symptomatology was observed. (5) Conclusions: The impact on individual suffering and the social cost of mental health problems require investigating variables on the relationship between discrimination and mental health, including mediators of this relationship, which turn out to be central elements in the development of future strategies for the reduction of anxiety and depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Urzúa
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Diego Henríquez
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
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Heymann J, Varvaro-Toney S, Raub A, Kabir F, Sprague A. Race, ethnicity, and discrimination at work: a new analysis of legal protections and gaps in all 193 UN countries. EQUALITY, DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/edi-01-2022-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PurposeWhile only one aspect of fulfilling equal rights, effectively addressing workplace discrimination is integral to creating economies, and countries, that allow for everyone's full and equal participation.Design/methodology/approachLabor, anti-discrimination, and other relevant pieces of legislation were identified through the International Labor Organization's NATLEX database, supplemented with legislation identified through country websites. For each country, two researchers independently coded legislation and answered questions about key policy features. Systematic quality checks and outlier verifications were conducted.FindingsMore than 1 in 5 countries do not explicitly prohibit racial discrimination in employment. 54 countries fail to prohibit unequal pay based on race. 107 countries prohibit racial and/or ethnic discrimination but do not explicitly require employers to take preventive measures against discrimination. The gaps are even larger with respect to multiple and intersectional discrimination. 112 countries fail to prohibit discrimination based on both migration status and race and/or ethnicity; 103 fail to do so for foreign national origin and race and/or ethnicity.Practical implicationsBoth recent and decades-old international treaties and agreements require every country globally to uphold equal rights regardless of race. However, specific national legislation that operationalizes these commitments and prohibits discrimination in the workplace is essential to their impact. This research highlights progress and gaps that must be addressed.Originality/valueThis is the first study to measure legal protections against employment discrimination based on race and ethnicity in all 193 UN countries. This study also examines protection in all countries from discrimination on the basis of characteristics that have been used in a number of settings as a proxy for racial/ethnic discrimination and exclusion, including SES, migration status, and religion.
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Harwood H, Rhead R, Chui Z, Bakolis I, Connor L, Gazard B, Hall J, MacCrimmon S, Rimes KA, Woodhead C, Hatch SL. Variations by ethnicity in referral and treatment pathways for IAPT service users in South London. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1084-1095. [PMID: 34334151 PMCID: PMC9976018 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme aims to provide equitable access to therapy for common mental disorders. In the UK, inequalities by ethnicity exist in accessing and receiving mental health treatment. However, limited research examines IAPT pathways to understand whether and at which points such inequalities may arise. METHODS This study examined variation by ethnicity in (i) source of referral to IAPT services, (ii) receipt of assessment session, (iii) receipt of at least one treatment session. Routine data were collected on service user characteristics, referral source, assessment and treatment receipt from 85 800 individuals referred to South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust IAPT services between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2016. Multinomial and logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between ethnicity and referral source, assessment and treatment receipt. Missing ethnicity data (18.5%) were imputed using census data and reported alongside a complete case analysis. RESULTS Compared to the White British group, Black African, Asian and Mixed ethnic groups were less likely to self-refer to IAPT services. Black Caribbean, Black Other and White Other groups are more likely to be referred through community services. Almost all racial and minority ethnic groups were less likely to receive an assessment compared to the White British group, and of those who were assessed, all racial and ethnic minority groups were less likely to be treated. CONCLUSIONS Racial and ethnic minority service users appear to experience barriers to IAPT care at different pathway stages. Services should address potential cultural, practical and structural barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Harwood
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Rhead
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zoe Chui
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ioannis Bakolis
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Health Service & Population Research Department, Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luke Connor
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Billy Gazard
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jheanell Hall
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shirlee MacCrimmon
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katharine A. Rimes
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Woodhead
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephani L. Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
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9
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Stagg AL, Hatch S, Fear NT, Dorrington S, Madan I, Stevelink SAM. Long-term health conditions in UK working-age adults: a cross-sectional analysis of associations with demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial and health-related factors in an inner-city population. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062115. [PMID: 36385039 PMCID: PMC9670944 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the overall disease prevalence, and associations between demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and health-related factors, and self-reporting one or more long-term health conditions (LTCs) in a working-age inner-city population. DESIGN Cross-sectional household-based survey with a follow-up timepoint. SETTING South-East London Community Health survey data. PARTICIPANTS 893 adults aged 16-64 years living in Lambeth and Southwark, London. OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence estimates of individual and multiple LTCs. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse the association of demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial and health-related indicators with having one and multiple LTCs at two timepoints. RESULTS More than one third of participants reported at least one LTC, with the most prevalent being musculoskeletal conditions and asthma. The prevalence of one LTC at both timepoints was 20.6% and 21.4%, and of multimorbidity was 14.0% and 16.4%. At both timepoints, the 35-44 age group showed the largest increase in prevalence of one LTC compared with the preceding age group (16-34). After adjusting for age and gender, small social networks and a larger number of stressful life events were associated with increased risk of having both one and multiple LTCs. The risk of multimorbidity was greater than for initial LTCs for small social networks (3.8 (95% CI: 1.8 to 7.8) compared with 2.0 (95% CI: 1.0 to 3.9)), and three to five stressful life events (3.0 (95% CI: 1.7 to 5.3) compared with 1.5 (95% CI 1.0 to 2.2)). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the prevalence of multimorbidity increased more than the prevalence of one LTC between the two timepoints, indicating a progression of the overall disease prevalence over time. The 35-44 age group showed the greatest increase in the number of initial LTCs which support health-promotion interventions targeting younger age groups. Focusing on increasing social support networks and treating the psychological impact of stressful life events may also be of benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Stagg
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Occupational Health, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephani Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola T Fear
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College, London, UK
| | - Sarah Dorrington
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ira Madan
- Department of Occupational Health, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sharon A M Stevelink
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College, London, UK
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10
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Genetic and psychosocial stressors have independent effects on the level of subclinical psychosis: findings from the multinational EU-GEI study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2022; 31:e68. [PMID: 36165168 PMCID: PMC9533114 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796022000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Gene x environment (G×E) interactions, i.e. genetic modulation of the sensitivity to environmental factors and/or environmental control of the gene expression, have not been reliably established regarding aetiology of psychotic disorders. Moreover, recent studies have shown associations between the polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (PRS-SZ) and some risk factors of psychotic disorders, challenging the traditional gene v. environment dichotomy. In the present article, we studied the role of GxE interaction between psychosocial stressors (childhood trauma, stressful life-events, self-reported discrimination experiences and low social capital) and the PRS-SZ on subclinical psychosis in a population-based sample. METHODS Data were drawn from the EUropean network of national schizophrenia networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study, in which subjects without psychotic disorders were included in six countries. The sample was restricted to European descendant subjects (n = 706). Subclinical dimensions of psychosis (positive, negative, and depressive) were measured by the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) scale. Associations between the PRS-SZ and the psychosocial stressors were tested. For each dimension, the interactions between genes and environment were assessed using linear models and comparing explained variances of 'Genetic' models (solely fitted with PRS-SZ), 'Environmental' models (solely fitted with each environmental stressor), 'Independent' models (with PRS-SZ and each environmental factor), and 'Interaction' models (Independent models plus an interaction term between the PRS-SZ and each environmental factor). Likelihood ration tests (LRT) compared the fit of the different models. RESULTS There were no genes-environment associations. PRS-SZ was associated with positive dimensions (β = 0.092, R2 = 7.50%), and most psychosocial stressors were associated with all three subclinical psychotic dimensions (except social capital and positive dimension). Concerning the positive dimension, Independent models fitted better than Environmental and Genetic models. No significant GxE interaction was observed for any dimension. CONCLUSIONS This study in subjects without psychotic disorders suggests that (i) the aetiological continuum hypothesis could concern particularly the positive dimension of subclinical psychosis, (ii) genetic and environmental factors have independent effects on the level of this positive dimension, (iii) and that interactions between genetic and individual environmental factors could not be identified in this sample.
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11
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Chen Y, Rafful C, Mercado M, Carte L, Morales-Miranda S, Cheristil J, Rocha-Jiménez T. Hoping for a Better Future during COVID-19: How Migration Plans Are Protective of Depressive Symptoms for Haitian Migrants Living in Chile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9977. [PMID: 36011611 PMCID: PMC9408526 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the migration experiences, perceived COVID-19 impacts, and depression symptoms among Haitian migrants living in Santiago, Chile. Ninety-five participants from eight neighborhoods with a high density of Haitian migrants were recruited. Descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, and logistic regression analysis were conducted. Chi-squared tests were used to confirm univariate results. We found that 22% of participants had major depressive symptoms based on the CESD-R-20 scale, 87% reported major life changes due to COVID-19, and 78% said their migration plans had changed due to the pandemic. Factors associated with more depressive symptoms were being in debt (OR = 3.43) and experiencing discrimination (ORs: 0.60 to 6.19). Factors associated with less odds of depressive symptoms were social support (ORs: 0.06 to 0.25), change in migration plans due to COVID-19 (OR = 0.30), and planning to leave Chile (OR = 0.20). After accounting for relevant factors, planning to leave Chile is significantly predictive of fewer symptoms of depression. Haitian migrants living in Chile had a high prevalence of depression. Planning to leave Chile was a significant protector against depressive symptoms. Future studies should explore how nuanced experiences of uncertainty play out in migrants' lives, mental well-being, and planning for their future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Chen
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Claudia Rafful
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Ciudad Universitaria Avenida, C.U., Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Center for Global Mental Health, National Institute of Psychiatry, Calz México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia, Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Mercedes Mercado
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Lindsey Carte
- Núcleo de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1450, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Sonia Morales-Miranda
- Consorcio de Investigación sobre VIH SIDA TB CISIDAT, Dwight W. Morrow 8, Apt. 7, Centro, Cuernavaca 62000, Mexico
| | - Judeline Cheristil
- Project “When Reality Overcomes the Intention”, Las Condes 7560908, Chile
| | - Teresita Rocha-Jiménez
- Society and Health Research Center, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Artes, Universidad Mayor, Las Condes 4780000, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus on Sociomedicine (SocioMed), Las Condes 7560908, Chile
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12
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Dorrington S, Carr E, Stevelink SAM, Dregan A, Woodhead C, Das-Munshi J, Ashworth M, Broadbent M, Madan I, Hatch SL, Hotopf M. Multimorbidity and fit note receipt in working-age adults with long-term health conditions. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1156-1165. [PMID: 32895068 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720002937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on sickness absence has typically focussed on single diagnoses, despite increasing recognition that long-term health conditions are highly multimorbid and clusters comprising coexisting mental and physical conditions are associated with poorer clinical and functional outcomes. The digitisation of sickness certification in the UK offers an opportunity to address sickness absence in a large primary care population. METHODS Lambeth Datanet is a primary care database which collects individual-level data on general practitioner consultations, prescriptions, Quality and Outcomes Framework diagnostic data, sickness certification (fit note receipt) and demographic information (including age, gender, self-identified ethnicity, and truncated postcode). We analysed 326 415 people's records covering a 40-month period from January 2014 to April 2017. RESULTS We found significant variation in multimorbidity by demographic variables, most notably by self-defined ethnicity. Multimorbid health conditions were associated with increased fit note receipt. Comorbid depression had the largest impact on first fit note receipt, more than any other comorbid diagnoses. Highest rates of first fit note receipt after adjustment for demographics were for comorbid epilepsy and rheumatoid arthritis (HR 4.69; 95% CI 1.73-12.68), followed by epilepsy and depression (HR 4.19; 95% CI 3.60-4.87), chronic pain and depression (HR 4.14; 95% CI 3.69-4.65), cardiac condition and depression (HR 4.08; 95% CI 3.36-4.95). CONCLUSIONS Our results show striking variation in multimorbid conditions by gender, deprivation and ethnicity, and highlight the importance of multimorbidity, in particular comorbid depression, as a leading cause of disability among working-age adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dorrington
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ewan Carr
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sharon A M Stevelink
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alex Dregan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Charlotte Woodhead
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jayati Das-Munshi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Mark Ashworth
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, Addison House, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Ira Madan
- Department of Occupational Health, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephani L Hatch
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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13
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Rhead RD, Woodhead C, Ahmad G, Das-Munshi J, McManus S, Hatch SL. A comparison of single and intersectional social identities associated with discrimination and mental health service use: data from the 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey in England. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:2049-2063. [PMID: 35254450 PMCID: PMC9477952 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inequities in mental health service use (MHSU) and treatment are influenced by social stratification processes linked to socially contextualised interactions between individuals, organisations and institutions. These complex relations underpin observed inequities and their experience by people at the intersections of social statuses. Discrimination is one important mechanism influencing such differences. We compared inequities in MHSU/treatment through single and intersectional status analyses, accounting for need. We assessed whether past-year discrimination differentially influences MHSU/treatment across single and intersecting statuses. Data came from a population survey (collected 2014-2015) nationally representative of English households (N = 7546). We used a theory and datadriven approach (latent class analysis) which identified five intersectional groups in the population comprising common combinations of social statuses. Single status analyses identified characteristics associated with MHSU/treatment (being a sexual minority (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.65 95% CI:1.09-2.50), female (AOR 1.71, 95% CI:1.45-2.02), economically inactive (AOR 2.02, 95% CI:1.05-3.90), in the most deprived quintile (AOR 1.33, 95% CI:1.02-1.74), and Black (AOR 0.36 95% CI:0.20-0.66)). Intersectional analyses detected patterns not apparent from single status analyses. Compared to the most privileged group ("White British, highly educated, employed, high social class"), "Retired White British" had greater odds of MHSU/treatment (AOR 1.88, 95% CI:1.53-2.32) while "Employed migrants" had lower odds (AOR 0.39, 95% CI:0.27-0.55). Past-year discrimination was associated with certain disadvantaged social statuses and greater MHSU/treatment but-except for sexual minorities-adjusting for discrimination had little influence using either analytic approach. Observing patterns only by single social statuses masks potentially unanticipated and contextually varying inequities. The latent class approach offers policy-relevant insights into patterns and mechanisms of inequity but may mask other key intersectional patterns by statuses less common or under represented in surveys (e.g. UK-born ethnic minority groups). We propose multiple, context-relevant, theory-driven approaches to intersectional understanding of mental health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca D. Rhead
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 3rdfloor E3.14, London, SE5 8AB UK
| | - Charlotte Woodhead
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 3rdfloor E3.14, London, SE5 8AB UK ,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gargie Ahmad
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 3rdfloor E3.14, London, SE5 8AB UK
| | - Jayati Das-Munshi
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 3rdfloor E3.14, London, SE5 8AB UK ,South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sally McManus
- National Centre for Social Research, London, UK ,Violence and Society Centre, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Stephani L. Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 3rdfloor E3.14, London, SE5 8AB UK ,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, UK
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14
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Hasan SI, Yee A, Rinaldi A, Azham AA, Mohd Hairi F, Amer Nordin AS. Prevalence of common mental health issues among migrant workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260221. [PMID: 34855800 PMCID: PMC8638981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous literature has shown that migrant workers manifested higher common mental issues (especially depressive symptom) compared to local workers due to stressors such as financial constraint and lack of access to healthcare. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the current body of evidence for the prevalence of depression and anxiety among migrant workers as well as exploring the risk factors and the availability of social support for migrant workers. Seven electronic databases, grey literature and Google Scholar were searched for studies from 2015 to 2021 related to mental health, social support and migrant workers. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-QARI). Study heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistics. Random effects meta-analysis results were presented given heterogeneity among studies. The search returned 27 articles and only seven studies were included in meta-analysis, involving 44 365 migrant workers in 17 different countries. The overall prevalence of depression and anxiety among migrant workers was 38.99% (95% CI = 0.27, 0.51) and 27.31% (95% CI = 0.06, 0.58), respectively. Factors such as age, biological (health issue, family history of psychiatric disorder), individual (poor coping skills), occupational (workplace psychosocial stressors, poor working condition, salary and benefits issue, abuse), environmental (limited access towards healthcare, duration of residence, living condition) and social factor (limited social support) were associated with a mental health outcome in migrant workers. The availability of social support for migrant workers was mainly concentrated in emotional type of support. A high prevalence of depression and anxiety was found among migrant workers across the globe. This finding warrants a collective effort by different parties in providing assistance for migrant workers to promote their mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Idayu Hasan
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Community & Sustainability, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anne Yee
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ariyani Rinaldi
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adlina Aisya Azham
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farizah Mohd Hairi
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Wisma R & D Universiti Malaya, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Community & Sustainability, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Frontline yet at the back of the queue – improving access and adaptations to CBT for Black African and Caribbean communities. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x21000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper focuses on the Black minority ethnic population (Black British, Black African, Black Caribbean) and uses the term BME in reference to this group. Only 6.2% of BME people access psychological intervention for common mental disorders. In provision of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) the diversity in global majority populations1 requires culturally specific informed and responsive approaches. The Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme needs to be accountable, culturally congruent and strategic, to ensure accessibility and improve outcomes for BME people. According to the Mental Health Foundation (2019), a higher percentage of Black, Asian and other minority ethnic populations (BAME) are diagnosed with common, severe and complex mental health disorders. Despite the weight of literature on this, little has changed. The NHS Implementation Plan outlines trajectories for increased access and reduced attrition within mental health services, addressing inequalities for BAME populations.
Evidence-based guidance and audits for provision of culturally sensitive and adapted therapies are presented in the pioneering (IAPT) BAME Positive Practice Guide (PPG). However, there are no funding arrangements or formal integrated frameworks to support implementation. The COVID-19 global pandemic and the high-profile death of George Floyd tragically exposed and highlighted the consequences of systemic racism. Understanding of the importance of service and clinical anti-racist practice is imperative for CBT therapists. Implementation of the BAME PPG audit tool ensures review of race equity in access, engagement, adaptation and workforce within IAPT and other mental health services. This could transform lives.
Key learning aims
(1)
To understand the barriers (individual, societal and systemic) to accessing psychological therapies such as CBT and the impact on CBT treatment outcomes specifically for black minority ethnic (BME) populations.
(2)
To recognise barriers to implementation of formal frameworks for equitable access to psychological therapies such as CBT for BME communities.
(3)
To assist services and therapists to implement evidence-based learning, on cultural adaptations, to address barriers in access, retention and completion of CBT.
(4)
To provide examples of services that have taken successful actions to address the issues identified in the earlier points.
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16
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Bakolis I, Hammoud R, Stewart R, Beevers S, Dajnak D, MacCrimmon S, Broadbent M, Pritchard M, Shiode N, Fecht D, Gulliver J, Hotopf M, Hatch SL, Mudway IS. Mental health consequences of urban air pollution: prospective population-based longitudinal survey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1587-1599. [PMID: 33097984 PMCID: PMC7584487 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The World Health Organisation (WHO) recently ranked air pollution as the major environmental cause of premature death. However, the significant potential health and societal costs of poor mental health in relation to air quality are not represented in the WHO report due to limited evidence. We aimed to test the hypothesis that long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with poor mental health. METHODS A prospective longitudinal population-based mental health survey was conducted of 1698 adults living in 1075 households in South East London, from 2008 to 2013. High-resolution quarterly average air pollution concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm (PM10) and < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were linked to the home addresses of the study participants. Associations with mental health were analysed with the use of multilevel generalised linear models, after adjusting for large number of confounders, including the individuals' socioeconomic position and exposure to road-traffic noise. RESULTS We found robust evidence for interquartile range increases in PM2.5, NOx and NO2 to be associated with 18-39% increased odds of common mental disorders, 19-30% increased odds of poor physical symptoms and 33% of psychotic experiences only for PM10. These longitudinal associations were more pronounced in the subset of non-movers for NO2 and NOx. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that traffic-related air pollution is adversely affecting mental health. Whilst causation cannot be proved, this work suggests substantial morbidity from mental disorders could be avoided with improved air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bakolis
- Health Services and Population Research Department, Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Ryan Hammoud
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Stewart
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Sean Beevers
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David Dajnak
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shirlee MacCrimmon
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Broadbent
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Megan Pritchard
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK, London, UK
| | | | - Daniela Fecht
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Gulliver
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Stephani L Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK, London, UK
| | - Ian S Mudway
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit on Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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17
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Pignon B, Lajnef M, Kirkbride JB, Peyre H, Ferchiou A, Richard JR, Baudin G, Tosato S, Jongsma H, de Haan L, Tarricone I, Bernardo M, Velthorst E, Braca M, Arango C, Arrojo M, Bobes J, Del-Ben CM, Di Forti M, Gayer-Anderson C, Jones PB, La Cascia C, Lasalvia A, Menezes PR, Quattrone D, Sanjuán J, Selten JP, Tortelli A, Llorca PM, van Os J, Rutten BPF, Murray RM, Morgan C, Leboyer M, Szöke A, Schürhoff F. The Independent Effects of Psychosocial Stressors on Subclinical Psychosis: Findings From the Multinational EU-GEI Study. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1674-1684. [PMID: 34009318 PMCID: PMC8562561 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The influence of psychosocial stressors on psychosis risk has usually been studied in isolation and after the onset of the disorder, potentially ignoring important confounding relationships or the fact that some stressors that may be the consequence of the disorder rather than preexisting. The study of subclinical psychosis could help to address some of these issues. In this study, we investigated whether there was (i) an association between dimensions of subclinical psychosis and several psychosocial stressors including: childhood trauma, self-reported discrimination experiences, low social capital, and stressful life experiences, and (ii) any evidence of environment-environment (ExE) interactions between these factors. Data were drawn from the EUGEI study, in which healthy controls (N = 1497) and siblings of subjects with a psychotic disorder (N = 265) were included in six countries. The association between psychosocial stressors and subclinical psychosis dimensions (positive, negative and depressive dimension as measured by the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) scale) and possible ExE interactions were assessed using linear regression models. After adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, country, and control/sibling status, childhood trauma (β for positive dimension: 0.13, negative: 0.49, depressive: 0.26) and stressful life events (positive: 0.08, negative: 0.16, depressive: 0.17) were associated with the three dimensions. Lower social capital was associated with the negative and depression dimensions (negative: 0.26, depressive: 0.13), and self-reported discrimination experiences with the positive dimension (0.06). Our findings are in favor of independent, cumulative and non-specific influences of social adversities in subclinical psychosis in non-clinical populations, without arguments for E × E interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Pignon
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux
Universitaires « H. Mondor», DMU IMPACT, Fondation
FondaMental, Créteil, France,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Hôpital Albert
Chenevier, Groupe hospitalier Henri-Mondor, CHU de Créteil, Assistance
Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 40 rue de Mesly, 94 000 Créteil,
France; tel: 33-1-49-81-31-31, fax:
+33-1-49-81-30-59, e-mail:
| | - Mohamed Lajnef
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux
Universitaires « H. Mondor», DMU IMPACT, Fondation
FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | | | - Hugo Peyre
- AP-HP, Hôpital universitaire Robert Debré,
Service de pédopsychiatrie, Paris,
France
| | - Aziz Ferchiou
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux
Universitaires « H. Mondor», DMU IMPACT, Fondation
FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Romain Richard
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux
Universitaires « H. Mondor», DMU IMPACT, Fondation
FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Grégoire Baudin
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie
et Processus de Santé, Boulogne
Billancourt, France
| | - Sarah Tosato
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience,
Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
| | - Hannah Jongsma
- Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry
“Veldzicht.” Balkbrug, the Netherlands; VR Mental Health Group,
University Center for Psychiatry, Univerisity Medical Centre
Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL,
London, UK
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Amsterdam UMC,
Amsterdam, The
Netherlands,Arkin, Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Tarricone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Bologna
University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital
Clínic of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona;
Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS),
Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental
(CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Mauro Braca
- Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions,
Local Health Authority, Bologna, Italy
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute
of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General.Universitario Gregorio
Marañón, Gregorio Marañón, (IiGSM), School of Medicine,
Universidad Complutense de Madrid; CIBERSAM,
Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Genetic Group,
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complejo
Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry,
Universidad de Oviedo; ISPA, INEUROPA CIBERSAM,
Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Ribeirão
Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre,
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College
London, London, UK,South London and Maudsley NHS Mental Health Foundation
Trust, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- Department of Health Service and Population Research,
Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny
Park, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,CAMEO, Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation
Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caterina La Cascia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced
Diagnostics, School of Medicine, University of Palermo,
Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience,
Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
| | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade of São Paulo, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre,
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College
London, London, UK
| | - Julio Sanjuán
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health
(CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico
Universitario de Valencia, School of Medicine, Universidad de
Valencia, Valencia, Spain,Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA,
Valencia, Spain
| | - Jean-Paul Selten
- Rivierduinen Institute for Mental Health,
Leiden, The
Netherlands,Maastricht University Medical Center, Departmentof
Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and
Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Tortelli
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research
(INSERM), Créteil, France,EPS Maison Blanche,
Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Psychiatrie B,
Clermont-Ferrand, France,Université Clermont Auvergne,
Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for
Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical
Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre,
University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University,
Utrecht, The
Netherlands,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London,
London, UK
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for
Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical
Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin M Murray
- The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,
King’s College London, London,
UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- Department of Health Service and Population Research,
Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny
Park, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux
Universitaires « H. Mondor», DMU IMPACT, Fondation
FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Andrei Szöke
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux
Universitaires « H. Mondor», DMU IMPACT, Fondation
FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Franck Schürhoff
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Hôpitaux
Universitaires « H. Mondor», DMU IMPACT, Fondation
FondaMental, Créteil, France
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18
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Urzúa A, Caqueo-Urízar A, Henríquez D, Williams DR. Discrimination and Health: The Mediating Effect of Acculturative Stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105312. [PMID: 34067653 PMCID: PMC8156443 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is not much evidence on the effects of south–south migration and its consequences on physical and mental health. Our objective was to examine the mediating role of Acculturative Stress in the association between ethnic discrimination and racial discrimination with physical and mental health. This research is a non-experimental, analytical, cross-sectional study. A total of 976 adult Colombian migrants living in Chile were interviewed. We used the Everyday Discrimination Scale, the acculturative stress scale, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-12) for health status; we found that racial and ethnic discrimination had a negative effect on physical and mental health. In the simultaneous presence of both types of discrimination, racial discrimination was completely absorbed by ethnic discrimination, the latter becoming a total mediator of the effect of racial discrimination on mental and physical health. Our findings are consistent with the literature, which suggests that there are various types of discrimination which, individually or in their intersectionality, can have negative effects on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Urzúa
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (A.C.-U.); (D.H.)
| | - Diego Henríquez
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
| | - David R. Williams
- TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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19
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Blakey R, Morgan C, Gayer-Anderson C, Davis S, Beards S, Harding S, Pinfold V, Bhui K, Knowles G, Viding E. Prevalence of conduct problems and social risk factors in ethnically diverse inner-city schools. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:849. [PMID: 33941137 PMCID: PMC8091508 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the UK, around 5% of 11–16-year olds experience conduct problems of clinical importance. However, there are limited data on prevalence of conduct problems by ethnic group, and how putative social risk factors may explain any variations in prevalence. This study has two main aims: (1) to estimate the prevalence and nature of conduct problems overall, and by ethnic group and gender, among adolescents in diverse inner-city London schools; (2) to assess the extent to which putative risk factors - racial discrimination, socioeconomic status, parental control, and troublesome friends - explain any observed differences in prevalence of conduct problems between ethnic groups. Methods This study uses baseline data from REACH, an accelerated cohort study of adolescent mental health in inner-city London. Self-report questionnaire data were collected on conduct problems and a range of distinct putative social risk factors (including racial discrimination, free school meals, troublesome friends, and parental care and control). A total of 4353 pupils, 51% girls, aged 11–14 participated. We estimated prevalence of conduct problems and used multilevel logistic regression to examine differences by ethnicity and gender and associations with putative risk factors. Results Prevalence of conduct problems in inner-city schools was around three times higher than reported in national studies (i.e., 16% [95%CI: 15·2–17·5] vs. 5% [95%CI 4·6–5·9]). Compared with overall prevalence, conduct problems were lower among Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi (RR: 0.53 [95% CI:0.31–0.87]) and white British (RR: 0.65 [0.51–0.82]) groups, and higher among black Caribbean (RR: 1.39 [95%CI:1.19–1.62]) and mixed white and black (RR: 1.29 [95% CI: 1.02–1.60]) groups. Risk of conduct problems was higher among those who were exposed to racial discrimination compared with those who were not (RR: 1.95 [95% CI: 1.59–2.31]). Conclusions Conduct problems are markedly more common in inner-city schools, and variations in the prevalence of conduct problems are, to some extent, rooted in modifiable social contexts and experiences, such as experiences of racial discrimination. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10834-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Blakey
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. .,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sam Davis
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Stephanie Beards
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Seeromanie Harding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Stand, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Vanessa Pinfold
- The McPin Foundation, 7-14 Great Dover Street, London, SE1 4YR, UK
| | - Kamaldeep Bhui
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & The London, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square Campus, Old Anatomy Building, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Gemma Knowles
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Essi Viding
- Developmental Risk and Resilience Unit, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
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20
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Dorrington S, Carr E, Polling C, Stevelink S, Ashworth M, Roberts E, Broadbent M, Hatch S, Madan I, Hotopf M. Health condition at first fit note and number of fit notes: a longitudinal study of primary care records in south London. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043889. [PMID: 33771823 PMCID: PMC8006821 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The fit note replaced the sick note in the UK in 2010, with the aim of improving support for patients requiring sickness absence, yet there has been very little research into fit note use. This study aims to describe number of fit notes by condition, to improve our understanding of patterns of fit note use in primary care. Previous fit note research has relied on extracting diagnoses directly from fit notes, rather than extracting information from clinical records. In this paper, we extract information from clinical records to explore demographic factors and conditions associated with number of fit notes issued. DESIGN This is a longitudinal study of clinical data. We analysed individual-level anonymised data from general practitioner consultations, including demographic information and condition recorded at first fit note. The latter encompassed diagnoses, individual symptoms and psychosocial issues. SETTING A database called Lambeth DataNet, containing electronic clinical records on 326 415 adults (ages 16-60) from all 45 general practices within the London Borough of Lambeth from 1 January 2014 to 30 April 2017. PARTICIPANTS Our analytical sample contained 40 698 people with a condition recorded at first fit note. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Predicted number of fit notes in the period January 2014-April 2017 RESULTS: Of all studied diagnostic groups, mental illness had the highest predicted number of fit notes (n=3.3; 95% CI: 3.1 to 3.4) after controlling for demographic factors and long-term conditions. The highest predicted number of fit notes for any condition subgroup was among patients presenting for drug and/or alcohol misuse (n=4.5; 95% CI: 4.1 to 4.8). CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we show drug and/or alcohol misuse at first fit note are associated with the highest number of fit notes. Research is needed to understand the trajectories of individuals at highest risk of long-term sickness absence, in particular, people presenting with drug and/or alcohol misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dorrington
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ewan Carr
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - C Polling
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sharon Stevelink
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Mark Ashworth
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, London, UK
| | - Emmert Roberts
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Addiction Centre, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Matthew Broadbent
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephani Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Ira Madan
- Department of Occupational Health, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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21
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Mougenot B, Amaya E, Mezones-Holguin E, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cabieses B. Immigration, perceived discrimination and mental health: evidence from Venezuelan population living in Peru. Global Health 2021; 17:8. [PMID: 33413505 PMCID: PMC7791752 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-020-00655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between international migration and mental health is conditioned to several factors, and discrimination may play a significant role. Currently, Peru is one of the principal Venezuelan migrant-receiving countries in Latin America. There are around one million Venezuelan refugees and migrants in the country. This study evaluates the association between self-perceived discrimination and mental health problems in Venezuelan population living in Peru. Method We analyzed data from the Venezuelan Population Residing in Peru Survey 2018, a nationally representative urban sample aimed at collecting information on several dimensions of Venezuelan population wellbeing. We applied logistic regression models to assess the association between self-perceived discrimination and mental health problems. Moreover, we applied the propensity score matching method as a robustness check of our results. Results Of 9487 Venezuelans surveyed, 6806 included complete information. From this sample, 6.3% reported mental health problems related to fear, anger, anxiety, or stress. Logistic regression models showed that Venezuelans who perceived being discriminated against had 2.4 higher odds of presenting mental health problems than their non-discriminated counterparts. Moreover, propensity score matching models showed that Venezuelans who perceived being discriminated against increased by 3.5 percentage points their probability of presenting mental health problems compared to their non-discriminated counterparts. Conclusions There is evidence that self-perceived discrimination is associated with mental health deterioration in Venezuelan migrants living in Peru. Our findings are relevant in the current geopolitical context and could be useful in the decision making processes in international health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12992-020-00655-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Mougenot
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.,Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Elard Amaya
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
| | - Edward Mezones-Holguin
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.,Epi-gnosis Solutios, Piura, Peru
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Báltica Cabieses
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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22
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The association of migration and ethnicity with use of the Improving Access to Psychological Treatment (IAPT) programme: a general population cohort study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1943-1956. [PMID: 33591376 PMCID: PMC8519879 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common mental disorders (CMD), such as depression and anxiety, are an important cause of morbidity, economic burden and public mental health need. The UK Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme is a national effort to reduce the burden and impact of CMD, available since 2008. AIMS To examine ethnic and migration-related differences in use of IAPT-based psychological treatment using a novel epidemiological dataset with linkage to de-identified IAPT records. METHOD Data from a psychiatric morbidity survey of two South East London boroughs (2008-2010) were individually-linked to data on IAPT services serving those boroughs. We used Poisson regression to estimate association between ethnicity and migration status (including years of UK residence), with rate of subsequent use of psychological treatment. RESULTS The rate of psychological treatment use was 14.4 cases per thousand person years [cases/1000 pyrs, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 12.4, 16.7]. There was strong statistical evidence that compared to non-migrants, migrants residing in the UK for less than 10 years were less likely to use psychological treatment after adjustment for probable sociodemographic predictors of need, life adversity, and physical/psychiatric morbidity at baseline [rate ratio (RR) 0.4 (95% CI 0.20, 0.75]. This difference was not explained by migration for asylum/political reasons, or English language proficiency, and was evident for both self- and GP referrals. CONCLUSIONS Lower use of IAPT among recent migrants is unexplained by sociodemographics, adversity, and baseline morbidity. Further research should focus on other individual-level and societal barriers to psychological treatment use among recent migrants to the UK, including in categories of intersecting migration and ethnicity.
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23
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Bhavsar V, Dorrington S, Morgan C, Hatch SL, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P, Mills J, MacCabe JH, Hotopf M. Psychotic experiences, psychiatric comorbidity and mental health need in the general population: a cross-sectional and cohort study in Southeast London. Psychol Med 2021; 51:147-157. [PMID: 31713511 PMCID: PMC7116680 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719003106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-occurrence of common mental disorders (CMD) with psychotic experiences is well-known. There is little research on the public mental health relevance of concurrent psychotic experiences for service use, suicidality, and poor physical health. We aim to: (1) describe the distribution of psychotic experiences co-occurring with a range of non-psychotic psychiatric disorders [CMD, depressive episode, anxiety disorder, probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and personality dysfunction], and (2) examine associations of concurrent psychotic experiences with secondary mental healthcare use, psychological treatment use for CMD, lifetime suicide attempts, and poor self-rated health. METHODS We linked a prospective cross-sectional community health survey with a mental healthcare provider database. For each non-psychotic psychiatric disorder, patients with concurrent psychotic experiences were compared to those without psychotic experiences on use of secondary mental healthcare, psychological treatment for CMD, suicide attempt, physical functioning, and a composite multimorbidity score, using logistic regression and Cox regressions. RESULTS In all disorders except for anxiety disorder, concurrent psychotic experiences were accompanied by a greater odds of all outcomes (odds ratios) for a unit change in composite multimorbidity score ranged between 2.21 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49-3.27] and 3.46 (95% CI 1.52-7.85). Hazard ratios for secondary mental health service use for non-psychotic disorders with concurrent psychotic experiences, ranged from 0.53 (95% CI 0.15-1.86) for anxiety disorders with psychotic experiences to 4.99 (95% CI 1.22-20.44) among those with PTSD with psychotic experiences. CONCLUSIONS Co-occurring psychotic experiences indicate greater public mental health burden, suggesting psychotic experiences could be a marker for future preventive strategies improving public mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Bhavsar
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah Dorrington
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- Department of Health Services and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephani L. Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - John Mills
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James H. MacCabe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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24
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Blukacz A, Cabieses B, Markkula N. Inequities in mental health and mental healthcare between international immigrants and locals in Chile: a narrative review. Int J Equity Health 2020; 19:197. [PMID: 33148258 PMCID: PMC7640394 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health in a context of international migration is a particularly pressing issue, as migration is recognised as a social determinant of physical and mental health. As Chile is increasingly becoming a receiving country of South-South migration, immigrants face mental health inequities, with regards to outcomes and access to care.In order to identify and synthetize mental healthcare inequities faced by international migrants with regards to locals in Chile, a narrative review of the literature on national mental healthcare policies in Chile and a narrative review of the literature on migrants' mental healthcare in Chile were conducted, with a focus on describing mental health outcomes, policy environment and persisting gaps and barriers for both topics. The existing literature on mental healthcare in Chile, both for the general population and for international migrants, following the social determinant of health framework and categorised in terms of i) Inequities in mental health outcomes; ii) Description of the mental health policy environment and iii) Identification of the main barriers to access mental healthcare.Despite incremental policy efforts to improve the reach of mental healthcare in Chile, persisting inequities are identified for both locals and international migrants: lack of funding and low prioritisation, exacerbation of social vulnerability in the context of a mixed health insurance system, and inadequacy of mental healthcare services. International migrants may experience specific layers of vulnerability linked to migration as a social determinant of health, nested in a system that exacerbates social vulnerability.Based on the findings, the article discusses how mental health is a privilege for migrant populations as well as locals experiencing layers of social vulnerability in the Chilean context. International migrants' access to comprehensive and culturally relevant mental healthcare in Chile and other countries is an urgent need in order to contribute to reducing social vulnerability and fostering mechanisms of social inclusion.International migration, social determinants of mental health, mental health inequities, social vulnerability, review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Blukacz
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Las Condes 12461, Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Báltica Cabieses
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Las Condes 12461, Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Chile.
| | - Niina Markkula
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O.Box 22, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Work and Stay: Explaining Perceived Discrimination Among Romanian Labor Migrants. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-020-00777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractResearch dealing with perceptions of discrimination among migrants investigated its consequences on their daily lives. However, little systematic attention had been paid to the determinants of perceived discrimination among migrants. This article aims to explain the causes for which migrants see themselves discriminated against in their country of residence. The statistical analysis uses individual-level data from an original survey conducted in 2018 among Romanian migrants. The results indicate that poor relations with natives, a job below capabilities, and the temporary status of migration contribute to higher perceptions of discrimination.
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26
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The Conceptualization of Everyday Racism in Research on the Mental and Physical Health of Ethnic and Racial Groups: a Systematic Review. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 8:648-660. [DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Junior OLDA, Menegazzo GR, Fagundes MLB, de Sousa JL, Tôrres LHDN, Giordani JMDA. Perceived discrimination in health services and preventive dental attendance in Brazilian adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 48:533-539. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Powell TR, Duarte RRR, Hotopf M, Hatch SL, de Mulder Rougvie M, Breen GD, Lewis CM, Nixon DF. The behavioral, cellular and immune mediators of HIV-1 acquisition: New insights from population genetics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3304. [PMID: 32094379 PMCID: PMC7039899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions are exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) every year, but not all acquire the virus, suggesting a potential role for host genetics in the moderation of HIV-1 acquisition. Here, we analyzed summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association study of HIV-1 acquisition to-date, consisting of 6,334 infected patients and 7,247 population controls, to advance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms implicated in this trait. We found that HIV-1 acquisition is polygenic and heritable, with SNP heritability estimates explaining 28-42% of the variance in this trait at a population level. Genetic correlations alongside UK Biobank data revealed associations with smoking, prospective memory and socioeconomic traits. Gene-level enrichment analysis identified EF-hand calcium binding domain 14 as a novel susceptibility gene for HIV-1 acquisition. We also observed that susceptibility variants for HIV-1 acquisition were significantly enriched for genes expressed in T-cells, but also in striatal and hippocampal neurons. Finally, we tested how polygenic risk scores for HIV-1 acquisition influence blood levels of 35 inflammatory markers in 406 HIV-1-negative individuals. We found that higher genetic risk for HIV-1 acquisition was associated with lower levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 17. Our findings corroborate a complex model for HIV-1 acquisition, whereby susceptibility is partly heritable and moderated by specific behavioral, cellular and immunological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Powell
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rodrigo R R Duarte
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephani L Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gerome D Breen
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Douglas F Nixon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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Wolf S, Hahn E, Wingenfeld K, Nguyen MH, von Poser A, Nguyen TH, Hanewald B, Böge K, Bajbouj M, Dettling M, Nguyen VT, Ta TMT. Mental Health Determinants Among a Psychiatric Outpatient Sample of Vietnamese Migrants in Germany. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:580103. [PMID: 33424659 PMCID: PMC7785831 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.580103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mental health risk-factors for Asian migrants have been studied almost exclusively in the US, Canada, and Australia but not in European countries. Therefore, we aimed to identify sociodemographic, clinical, and migration-surrounding factors associated with experienced mental distress among Vietnamese migrants in Germany. Method: 305 Vietnamese migrants utilizing Germany's first Vietnamese psychiatric outpatient clinic filled out at admission the Brief-Symptom-Inventory 18 (BSI-18) as well as a questionnaire on 22 potential mental health determinants. Using a multiple linear regression model, we identified those sociodemographic, clinical, and migration-surrounding factors that were significantly related to the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the BSI-18. Results: The factors unemployment (B = -6.32, p = 0.014), financial problems (B = -10.71, p < 0.001), no or only little religious involvement (B = -3.23, p = 0.002), no psychiatric precontact (B = -7.35, p = 0.004), previous migration experiences (B = 8.76, p = 0.002), and perceived discrimination (B = 6.58, p = 0.011) were found to significantly increase the level of mental distress according to the BSI-GSI. Conclusion: Based on these results, we were able to construct a mental health risk-profile for Vietnamese migrants in Germany, which aims to detect candidates for psychiatric problems earlier and supply them with customized prevention and therapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Wingenfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Main Huong Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anita von Poser
- Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thi Hoa Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bernd Hanewald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Gießen and Marburg, Gießen, Germany
| | - Kerem Böge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malek Bajbouj
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Dettling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Van Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Minh Tam Ta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Williams MT. Psychology Cannot Afford to Ignore the Many Harms Caused by Microaggressions. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019; 15:38-43. [PMID: 31801042 DOI: 10.1177/1745691619893362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In an ongoing debate, Scott Lilienfeld (2019) continues to question the merits and meaning of microaggressions research. Key issues include how to define microaggressions, whether microaggressions cause measurable harm, whether microaggression education is helpful, and defining the most important next steps in the microaggressions research agenda. I discuss the importance of understanding microaggressions in context and as they relate to pathological stereotypes about groups, given that this is critical to identifying them. I summarize some of the many longitudinal studies linking psychological and medical problems to experiences of everyday discrimination. In addition, the literature indicates that victims of microaggressions experience further harms when trying to respond to offenders, but there is little research to support any specific interventions, including those advanced by Lilienfeld. I discuss the importance of believing and supporting those reporting experiences of microaggressions. I conclude that there is a need for more research examining (a) how to reduce the commission of microaggressions, (b) how to best respond to offenders in the moment in a way that mitigates harm for all persons involved, and (c) how clinicians can best help those who are suffering as a result of microaggressions as the next frontier in this important work.
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31
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Duncko R, Fischer S, Hatch SL, Frissa S, Goodwin L, Papadopoulos A, Cleare AJ, Hotopf M. Recurrence of Depression in Relation to History of Childhood Trauma and Hair Cortisol Concentration in a Community-Based Sample. Neuropsychobiology 2019; 78:48-57. [PMID: 30897568 DOI: 10.1159/000498920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma represents a risk factor for developing depression with increased rates of recurrence. Mechanisms involved include a disturbed regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a measure of long-term HPA axis activity with less interference from circadian and confounding factors. However, no study has so far used HCC to investigate the role of childhood trauma in recurrent pattern of depressive symptoms. METHODS A community-based sample of 500 participants was recruited, and depression was assessed at 3 time points using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was administered to identify a history of childhood trauma. Hair samples were obtained from 144 participants for analysis of cortisol. RESULTS Patients with recurrent depression had higher rates of childhood trauma compared to participants with no depression. Participants with current-only depression had increased HCC compared to the no depression group, while this was absent in participants with recurrent depression. Within the depressed group (both current-only and recurrent depression), those with a history of childhood physical abuse had lower HCC when compared to those with no such history. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that retrospectively reported childhood trauma is associated with protracted trajectories of depression and a distinct pattern of long-term HPA axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Duncko
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, .,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, London, United Kingdom,
| | - Susanne Fischer
- University of Zurich, Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Zurich, Switzerland.,Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephani L Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Souci Frissa
- Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Goodwin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Papadopoulos
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Cleare
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Rask S, Elo IT, Koskinen S, Lilja E, Koponen P, Castaneda AE. The association between discrimination and health: findings on Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin populations in Finland. Eur J Public Health 2019; 28:898-903. [PMID: 29878120 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey recently demonstrated widespread discrimination across EU countries, with high discrimination rates observed in countries like Finland. Discrimination is known to negatively impact health, but fewer studies have examined how different types of perceived discrimination are related to health. Methods This study examines (i) the prevalence of different types of perceived discrimination among Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin populations in Finland, and (ii) the association between different types of perceived discrimination (no experiences; subtle discrimination only; overt or subtle and overt discrimination) and health (self-rated health; limiting long-term illness (LLTI) or disability; mental health symptoms). Data are from the Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study (n = 1795). Subtle discrimination implies reporting being treated with less courtesy and/or treated with less respect than others, and overt discrimination being called names or insulted and/or threatened or harassed. The prevalence of discrimination and the associations between discrimination and health were calculated with predicted margins and logistic regression. Results Experiences of subtle discrimination were more common than overt discrimination in all the studied groups. Subtle discrimination was reported by 29% of Somali origin persons and 35% Russian and Kurdish origin persons. The prevalence of overt discrimination ranged between 22% and 24%. Experiences of discrimination increased the odds for poor self-reported health, LLTI and mental health symptoms, particularly among those reporting subtle discrimination only. Conclusions To promote the health of diverse populations, actions against racism and discrimination are highly needed, including initiatives that promote shared belonging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadia Rask
- Department of Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irma T Elo
- Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Lilja
- Department of Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivikki Koponen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu E Castaneda
- Department of Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
UNLABELLED AimsAlthough violence is a vital public health problem, no prospective studies have tested for subsequent vulnerability to violence, as a victim or witness, in members of the general population with a range of psychiatric symptoms, or evaluated the importance of higher symptom burden on this vulnerability. METHODS We used successive waves of a household survey of Southeast London, taken 2 years apart, to test if association exists between psychiatric symptoms (symptoms of psychosis, common mental disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and personality disorder) and later victimisation, in the form of either witnessing violence or being physically victimised, in weighted logistic regression models. Statistical adjustment was made for prior violence exposure, sociodemographic confounders, substance/alcohol use and violence perpetration. Sensitivity analyses were stratified by violence perpetration, sex and history of mental health service use. RESULTS After adjustments, psychiatric symptoms were prospectively associated with reporting any subsequent victimisation (odds ratio (OR) 1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.83), a two times greater odds of reporting witnessed violence (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.33-3.76) and reporting physical victimisation (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.01-3.06). One more symptom endorsed was accompanied by 47% greater odds of subsequent victimisation (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.16-1.86). In stratified analyses, statistical associations remained evident in non-perpetrators, and among those without a history of using mental health services, and were similar in magnitude in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric symptoms increase liability to victimisation compared with those without psychiatric symptoms, independently of a prior history of violence exposure and irrespective of whether they themselves are perpetrators of violence. Clinicians should be mindful of the impact of psychiatric symptoms on vulnerability to victimisation, including among those with common psychiatric symptoms and among those who are not considered at risk of perpetrating violence.
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34
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Harber-Aschan L, Hotopf M, Brown JSL, Henderson M, Hatch SL. Longitudinal patterns of mental health service utilisation by those with mental-physical comorbidity in the community. J Psychosom Res 2019; 117:10-19. [PMID: 30665590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Successful healthcare integration demands an understanding of current service utilisation by people with comorbidity. Physical illness may impact on mental health service use (MHSU), but longitudinal studies of comorbidity and MHSU are rare. This study 1) estimated associations between mental-physical comorbidity and longitudinal MHSU patterns; 2) tested whether associations between comorbidity and continuous MHSU are driven by "need". METHODS Survey data from a South East London community cohort were used (N = 1052). Common mental disorder symptoms (CMDS) were measured using the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised and self-report of long-standing disorders. A checklist of common conditions measured chronic physical conditions. MHSU captured self-reported use of mental health services in the past year at two time points. "Need" indicators included CMDS at follow-up, suicidal ideation, somatic symptom severity, self-rated health, daily functioning problems and perceived functioning limitations due to emotional health. Analyses used logistic and multinomial regression. RESULTS Continuous MHSU (at both time-points) was twice as commonly reported by those with comorbidity than those without physical comorbidity (30.9% vs 12.3%). CMDS at follow-up, suicidal ideation, and perceived functioning limitations due to emotional health only partially explained the association between CMDS-physical comorbidity and continuous MHSU. In the adjusted model, comorbidity remained associated with continuous MHSU (RRR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.39-7.51; p = .002), while the association for non-comorbid CMDS was fully attenuated (RRR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.40-2.93; p = .85). CONCLUSION CMDS-physical comorbidity was strongly associated with continuous MHSU, and "need" did not account for this association, suggesting that comorbidity itself represents a "need" indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Harber-Aschan
- Psychological Medicine, Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London, Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - M Hotopf
- Psychological Medicine, Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London, Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J S L Brown
- Psychology Department, Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - M Henderson
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London, Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S L Hatch
- Psychological Medicine, Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
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35
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Chilunga FP, Boateng D, Henneman P, Beune E, Requena-Méndez A, Meeks K, Smeeth L, Addo J, Bahendeka S, Danquah I, Schulze MB, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Mannens MMAM, Agyemang C. Perceived discrimination and stressful life events are associated with cardiovascular risk score in migrant and non-migrant populations: The RODAM study. Int J Cardiol 2018; 286:169-174. [PMID: 30638750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial stress could be an underlying factor for emerging risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Africans. We assessed the association between psychosocial stress and estimated CVD risk among non-migrant Ghanaians and migrant Ghanaians living in Europe. METHODS Data from the Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study, involving 2315 migrant and 1549 non-migrants aged 40-70 years were used for this study. Psychosocial stress included self-reported stress at work and home, recent negative life events and perceived discrimination. CVD risk was estimated using the pooled cohort equations with estimates ≥7.5% over 10 years defining high CVD risk. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by logistic regression with adjustments for socioeconomic status. RESULTS Prevalence for migrant and non-migrants were; 72.5% and 84.9% for psychosocial stress and 35.9% and 27.4% for high estimated CVD risk. Stress at work and home was not associated with a high estimated CVD risk in either group. Recent negative life events were associated with a high estimated CVD risk in non-migrants only (AOR 1.29, 95%CI 1.02-1.68, p = 0.048). Higher levels of perceived discrimination were associated with a high estimated CVD risk in migrants only (AOR 2.74, 95%CI 1.95-3.86, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among migrant populations, higher levels of perceived discrimination were associated with a high estimated CVD risk, and this was also true for recent negative life events among non-migrant populations. Further research is needed to identify context specific mechanisms that underlie associations between psychological characteristics and CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix P Chilunga
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Daniel Boateng
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Peter Henneman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Requena-Méndez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karlijn Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ina Danquah
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marcel M A M Mannens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Gazard B, Chui Z, Harber-Aschan L, MacCrimmon S, Bakolis I, Rimes K, Hotopf M, Hatch SL. Barrier or stressor? The role of discrimination experiences in health service use. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1354. [PMID: 30526564 PMCID: PMC6286602 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Discrimination is a well-established stressor that is substantially associated with poor health and a known contributor to health inequalities. However, the role of discrimination in health service use is less explored. This study will take an intersectional approach to investigate differences in health service use and examine the role of discrimination experiences. Methods Data on health service use were assessed in a diverse inner London sample of 1052 participants in the South East London Community Health (SELCoH) Study. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to define classes of intersectional social status using multiple indicators of socioeconomic status (SES), ethnicity and migration status. Adjusted associations between intersectional social status and discrimination experiences with health service use indicators are presented. Results Using latent class analysis allowed us to identify an intersectional social status characterized by multiple disadvantage that was associated with decreased secondary physical health service use and a class characterized by both privilege and disadvantage that was associated with increased health service use for mental disorder after controlling for age, gender and health status. Anticipated discrimination was also associated with increased service use for mental disorder in adjusted models. There was no evidence to suggest that discrimination experiences were acting as a barrier to health service use. Conclusions This study highlights the complex ways in which discrimination experiences may increase the need for health services whilst also highlighting differences in health service use at the intersection of ethnicity, migration status and SES. Findings from this study illustrate the importance of measuring multiple levels of discrimination and taking an intersectional approach for health service use research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Gazard
- Psychological Medicine, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
| | - Zoe Chui
- Psychological Medicine, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Lisa Harber-Aschan
- Psychological Medicine, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shirlee MacCrimmon
- Psychological Medicine, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Ioannis Bakolis
- Centre for Implementation Science, Health Services and Population Research Department, Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katharine Rimes
- Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Psychological Medicine, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephani L Hatch
- Psychological Medicine, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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Taking an intersectional approach to define latent classes of socioeconomic status, ethnicity and migration status for psychiatric epidemiological research. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2018; 27:589-600. [PMID: 28390448 PMCID: PMC6998994 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796017000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Inequalities in mental health are well documented using individual social statuses such as socioeconomic status (SES), ethnicity and migration status. However, few studies have taken an intersectional approach to investigate inequalities in mental health using latent class analysis (LCA). This study will examine the association between multiple indicator classes of social identity with common mental disorder (CMD). METHODS Data on CMD symptoms were assessed in a diverse inner London sample of 1052 participants in the second wave of the South East London Community Health study. LCA was used to define classes of social identity using multiple indicators of SES, ethnicity and migration status. Adjusted associations between CMD and both individual indicators and multiple indicators of social identity are presented. RESULTS LCA identified six groups that were differentiated by varying levels of privilege and disadvantage based on multiple SES indicators. This intersectional approach highlighted nuanced differences in odds of CMD, with the economically inactive group with multiple levels of disadvantage most likely to have a CMD. Adding ethnicity and migration status further differentiated between groups. The migrant, economically inactive and White British, economically inactive classes both had increased odds of CMD. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine the intersections of SES, ethnicity and migration status with CMD using LCA. Results showed that both the migrant, economically inactive and the White British, economically inactive classes had a similarly high prevalence of CMD. Findings suggest that LCA is a useful methodology for investigating health inequalities by intersectional identities.
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Gunasinghe C, Gazard B, Aschan L, MacCrimmon S, Hotopf M, Hatch SL. Debt, common mental disorders and mental health service use. J Ment Health 2018; 27:520-528. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2018.1487541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cerisse Gunasinghe
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK and
| | - Billy Gazard
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK and
| | - Lisa Aschan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK and
| | - Shirlee MacCrimmon
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK and
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK and
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephani L. Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK and
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39
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Palmos AB, Breen G, Goodwin L, Frissa S, Hatch SL, Hotopf M, Thuret S, Lewis CM, Powell TR. Genetic Risk for Psychiatric Disorders and Telomere Length. Front Genet 2018; 9:468. [PMID: 30459805 PMCID: PMC6232668 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have revealed associations between psychiatric disorder diagnosis and shorter telomere length. Here, we attempt to discern whether genetic risk for psychiatric disorders, or use of pharmacological treatments (i.e., antidepressants), predict shorter telomere length and risk for aging-related disease in a United Kingdom population sample. Methods: DNA samples from blood were available from 351 participants who were recruited as part of the South East London Community Health (SELCoH) Study, and for which whole-genome genotype data was available. Leukocyte telomere length was characterized using quantitative polymerase chain reactions. Individualized polygenic risk scores for major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) were calculated using Psychiatric Genomics Consortium summary statistics. We subsequently performed linear models, to discern the impact polygenic risk for psychiatric disorders (an etiological risk factor) and antidepressant use (common pharmacological treatment) have on telomere length, whilst accounting for other lifestyle/health factors (e.g., BMI, smoking). Results: There were no significant associations between polygenic risk for any of the psychiatric disorders tested and telomere length (p > 0.05). Antidepressant use was significantly associated with shorter telomere length and this was independent from a depression diagnosis or current depression severity (p ≤ 0.01). Antidepressant use was also associated with a significantly higher risk of aging-related disease, which was independent from depression diagnosis (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Genetic risk for psychiatric disorders is not associated with shorter telomere length. Further studies are now needed to prospectively characterize if antidepressant use increases risk for aging-related disease and telomere shortening, or whether people who age faster and have aging-related diseases are just more likely to be prescribed antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alish B Palmos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maudsley Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Goodwin
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Souci Frissa
- Health Service & Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephani L Hatch
- Health Service & Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maudsley Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maudsley Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy R Powell
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Thomeer MB, LeBlanc AJ, Frost DM, Bowen K. Anticipatory Minority Stressors among Same-sex Couples: A Relationship Timeline Approach. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2018; 81:126-148. [PMID: 32863497 DOI: 10.1177/0190272518769603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The authors build on previous stress theories by drawing attention to the concept of anticipatory couple-level minority stressors (i.e., stressors expected to occur in the future that emanate from the stigmatization of certain relationship forms). A focus on anticipatory couple-level minority stressors brings with it the potential for important insight into vulnerabilities and resiliencies of people in same-sex relationships, the focus of this study. The authors use relationship timelines to examine stressors among a diverse sample of same-sex couples (n = 120). Respondents in same-sex relationships anticipated stressors that are likely not unique to same-sex couples (e.g., purchasing a home together) but labeled many of these anticipatory stressors as reflecting the stigmatization of their same-sex relationship. Respondents rated anticipatory minority stressors as more stressful than other anticipatory stressors. Moreover, stressors varied by gender, age, and relationship duration although not race/ethnicity or geographic site. This analysis is a preliminary step in examining how unique anticipatory couple-level minority stressors function as determinants of relationship quality, mental and physical health, and health disparities faced by sexual minority populations. Attempts to understand current stress levels should consider anticipatory stressors alongside past and current life events, chronic strains, daily hassles, and minority stressors, as these processes are impossible to disentangle and may be consequential for current well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kayla Bowen
- University of California Hastings College of Law
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Datu JAD. Everyday discrimination, negative emotions, and academic achievement in Filipino secondary school students: Cross-sectional and cross-lagged panel investigations. J Sch Psychol 2018; 68:195-205. [PMID: 29861029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Different forms of overt discrimination have been consistently linked to maladaptive psychological, physical health, and educational outcomes. However, limited research has been carried out to assess the link of subtle forms of discrimination like everyday discrimination on academic functioning in the school context. The current study addressed this research gap through examining the association of everyday discrimination with negative emotions and academic achievement among Filipino high school students. A cross-sectional study (Study 1) showed that everyday discrimination was positively associated with negative emotions and negatively linked to perceived academic achievement. Furthermore, everyday discrimination had indirect effects on academic achievement through the intermediate variable negative emotions. Then, a two-wave cross-lagged panel investigation (Study 2) demonstrated that Time 1 everyday discrimination was linked to higher Time 2 negative emotions. Reciprocal associations were also found among the constructs because Time 1 academic achievement was linked to lower levels Time 2 negative emotions and Time 2 everyday discrimination. The theoretical and practical implications of the research are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Alfonso D Datu
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, Hong Kong, SAR China; Integrated Centre for Well-Being (I-WELL), The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China.
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42
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Hodes M, Anagnostopoulos D, Skokauskas N. Challenges and opportunities in refugee mental health: clinical, service, and research considerations. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:385-388. [PMID: 29442230 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hodes
- Centre for Psychiatry, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Dimitris Anagnostopoulos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Comparison of Treatment Outcomes Between Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Heterosexual Individuals Receiving a Primary Care Psychological Intervention. Behav Cogn Psychother 2017; 46:332-349. [PMID: 28978366 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465817000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals experience more anxiety and depression than heterosexual people. Little is known about their comparative treatment response to psychological interventions. AIMS To compare sociodemographic/clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes across sexual orientation groups, for adults receiving primary care psychological interventions from Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services in London, adjusting for possible confounders. METHOD Data from 188 lesbian women, 222 bisexual women, 6637 heterosexual women, 645 gay men, 75 bisexual men and 3024 heterosexual men were analysed from pre-treatment and last treatment sessions. Males and females were analysed separately. RESULTS Before treatment, lesbian and bisexual women were more likely to report clinical levels of impairment (Work and Social Adjustment Scale) than heterosexual women; there were no significant differences in depression (PHQ-9) or anxiety (GAD-7). Bisexual men were more likely to meet depression caseness than gay men but less likely to meet anxiety caseness than gay or heterosexual men. Compared with heterosexual women, lesbian and bisexual individuals showed smaller reductions in depression and impairment, controlling for age, ethnicity, employment, baseline symptoms, number of sessions and intervention type. Bisexual women experienced significantly smaller reductions in anxiety than heterosexual women and were less likely to show recovery or reliable recovery. There were no significant differences in treatment outcomes between gay, bisexual and heterosexual men. CONCLUSIONS Reasons for poorer outcomes in lesbian and bisexual women require investigation, for example lifetime trauma or stigma/discrimination regarding gender or sexual orientation in everyday life or within therapy services.
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Harvey SB, Wang MJ, Dorrington S, Henderson M, Madan I, Hatch SL, Hotopf M. NIPSA: a new scale for measuring non-illness predictors of sickness absence. Occup Environ Med 2017; 75:98-104. [PMID: 28978718 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe the development and initial validation of a new scale for measuring non-illness factors that are important in predicting occupational outcomes, called the NIPSA (non-illness predictors of sickness absence) scale. METHODS Forty-two questions were developed which covered a broad range of potential non-illness-related risk factors for sickness absence. 682 participants in the South East London Community Health study answered these questions and a range of questions regarding both short-term and long-term sickness absence. Factor analysis was conducted prior to examining the links between each identified factor and sickness absence outcomes. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis using the oblique rotation method suggested the questionnaire should contain 26 questions and extracted four factors with eigenvalues greater than 1: perception of psychosocial work environment (factor 1), perceived vulnerability (factor 2), rest-focused attitude towards recovery (factor 3) and attitudes towards work (factor 4). Three of these factors (factors 1, 2 and 3) showed significant associations with long-term sickness absence measures (p<0.05), meaning a final questionnaire that included 20 questions with three subscales. CONCLUSIONS The NIPSA is a new tool that will hopefully allow clinicians to quickly assess for the presence of non-illness factors that may be important in predicting occupational outcomes and tailor treatments and interventions to address the barriers identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a scale focused on transdiagnostic, non-illness-related predictors of sickness absence has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Harvey
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Min-Jung Wang
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Dorrington
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Max Henderson
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.,Leeds and York Partnership NHSFT, Leeds, UK
| | - Ira Madan
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephani L Hatch
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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45
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Vincent J, Hovatta I, Frissa S, Goodwin L, Hotopf M, Hatch SL, Breen G, Powell TR. Assessing the contributions of childhood maltreatment subtypes and depression case-control status on telomere length reveals a specific role of physical neglect. J Affect Disord 2017; 213:16-22. [PMID: 28187293 PMCID: PMC6191534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have provided evidence that both childhood maltreatment and depressive disorders are associated with shortened telomere lengths. However, as childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for depression, it remains unclear whether this may be driving shortened telomere lengths observed amongst depressed patients. Furthermore, it's unclear if the effects of maltreatment on telomere length shortening are more pervasive amongst depressed patients relative to controls, and consequently whether biological ageing may contribute to depression's pathophysiology. The current study assesses the effects of childhood maltreatment, depression case/control status, and the interactive effect of both childhood maltreatment and depression case/control status on relative telomere length (RTL). METHOD DNA samples from 80 depressed subjects and 100 control subjects were utilized from a U.K. sample (ages 20-84), with childhood trauma questionnaire data available for all participants. RTL was quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reactions. Univariate linear regression analyses were used to assess the effects of depression status, childhood maltreatment and depression by childhood maltreatment interactions on RTL. The false discovery rate (q<0.05) was used for multiple testing correction. RESULTS Analysis of depression case/control status showed no significant main effect on RTL. Four subtypes of childhood maltreatment also demonstrated no significant main effect on RTL, however a history of physical neglect did significantly predict shorter RTL in adulthood (F(1, 174)=7.559, p=0.007, q=0.042, Variance Explained=4.2%), which was independent of case/control status. RTL was further predicted by severity of physical neglect, with the greatest differences observed in older maltreated individuals (>50 years old). There were no significant depression case/control status by childhood maltreatment interactions. LIMITATIONS A relatively small sample limited our power to detect interaction effects, and we were unable to consider depression chronicity or recurrence. CONCLUSION Shortened RTL was specifically associated with childhood physical neglect, but not the other subtypes of maltreatment or depression case/control status. Our results suggest that the telomere-eroding effects of physical neglect may represent a biological mechanism important in increasing risk for ageing-related disorders. As physical neglect is more frequent amongst depressed cases generally, it may also represent a confounding factor driving previous associations between shorter RTL and depression case status.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Vincent
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Souci Frissa
- King's College London, Health Service & Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Laura Goodwin
- King's College London, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK,University of Liverpool, Department of Psychological Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- King's College London, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at the Maudsley Hospital and King's College London, UK
| | - Stephani L. Hatch
- King's College London, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at the Maudsley Hospital and King's College London, UK
| | - Timothy R. Powell
- King's College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK,Corresponding author at: MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, PO80, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
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Werlen L, Helgesson M, Mittendorfer-Rutz E. Differences in predictors of permanent work disability between immigrants and natives: a cohort study of adults with sick leave due to common mental disorders. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014431. [PMID: 28314745 PMCID: PMC5372068 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immigrants with common mental disorders (CMDs) are reported to have a higher risk of disability pension (DP) compared with native residents; however, the reasons for this are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate (1) differences in morbidity (3 measures) and socioeconomic status in native Swedes, 'Western' and 'non-Western' immigrants with CMDs and (2) interactions between morbidity and socioeconomic status and immigrant status regarding subsequent DP. DESIGN The study was a prospective population-based cohort study using national register data. Crude and multivariate HRs with 95% CIs were calculated using the Cox regression (2007-2010). PARTICIPANTS All individuals aged 18-59 with an incident sick-leave spell due to CMDs during 2006 were included in the study (N=66 097). The study population was divided into 3 groups based on country of birth: (1) Sweden, (2) immigrants from 'Western' countries (EU25, Norway, Iceland, North America and Oceania) and (3) immigrants from 'non-Western' countries (east Europe, Africa, Asia and South America). RESULTS Particularly, immigrants born in non-Western countries had higher levels of morbidity and lower socioeconomic status than natives (p>0.001). No significant differences in the associations between specialised psychiatric and somatic care with regard to subsequent DP were found between immigrants and native Swedes. Being prescribed more than 1 type of psychiatric medication was associated with higher HRs for DP in immigrants from Western (HR 3.34; CI 2.3 to 4.9) and non-Western countries (3.6; 1.9 to 6.4) than in native Swedes (2.55; 2.3 to 2.8) (pinteraction=0.003). Low education was a marginally stronger predictor for DP in non-Western immigrants than in native Swedes and Western immigrants (pinteraction=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Morbidity measured by medication, but not by specialised healthcare, was a stronger predictor for DP in immigrants than in native Swedes, warranting scrutiny of differences in care and treatment in immigrants and native Swedes with CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Werlen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Magnus Helgesson
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Bhavsar V, Maccabe JH, Hatch SL, Hotopf M, Boydell J, McGuire P. Subclinical psychotic experiences and subsequent contact with mental health services. BJPsych Open 2017; 3:64-70. [PMID: 28357132 PMCID: PMC5339598 DOI: 10.1192/bjpo.bp.117.004689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although psychotic experiences in people without diagnosed mental health problems are associated with mental health service use, few studies have assessed this prospectively or measured service use by real-world clinical data. AIMS To describe and investigate the association between psychotic experiences and later mental health service use, and to assess the role of symptoms of common mental health disorders in this association. METHOD We linked a representative survey of south-east London (SELCoH-1, n=1698) with health records from the local mental healthcare provider. Cox regression estimated the association of PEs with rate of mental health service use. RESULTS After adjustments, psychotic experiences were associated with a 1.75-fold increase in the rate of subsequent mental health service use (hazard ratio (HR) 1.75, 95% CI 1.03-2.97) compared with those without PEs. Participants with PEs experienced longer care episodes compared with those without. CONCLUSIONS Psychotic experiences in the general population are important predictors of public mental health need, aside from their relevance for psychoses. We found psychotic experiences to be associated with later mental health service use, after accounting for sociodemographic confounders and concurrent psychopathology. DECLARATION OF INTEREST None. COPYRIGHT AND USAGE © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2017. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Bhavsar
- , MRCPsych, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James H Maccabe
- , PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephani L Hatch
- , PhD, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- , PhD, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jane Boydell
- , PhD, Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Bodmin, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- , PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Abstract
All nurses have a responsibility to ensure that they actively promote both mental and physical health and wellbeing. This article aims to bring together current thinking and evidence about nursing and men's mental health promotion. Key areas of concern outlined are the high rate of suicide in men, the expression of depression in men and the problems of masculinity when related to seeking help for mental health. The article highlights the importance of language and the normalising of distressing feelings when working with men and suggests that nurses need to recognise how men can experience depression differently, actively identify and address suicidal thinking, and provide gender-sensitive interventions. Additionally, nurses working with men need to demonstrate 'male-positive' values and offer future-focused and action-oriented interventions (such as solution-focused, coaching or cognitive behavioural therapy approaches) that contribute to a sense of agency, promote hope and are more engaging for many men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Patrick
- Senior Lecturer Mental Health & Psychological Therapies, School of Health and Community Studies, Workplace Coach, Leeds Beckett University and Visiting Nurse Therapist, Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Steve Robertson
- Professor of Men, Gender and Health and Co-Director, Centre for Men's Health, Leeds Beckett University
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The effect of migration on social capital and depression among older adults in China. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2017; 52:1513-1522. [PMID: 28916860 PMCID: PMC5702375 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-017-1439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An estimated 9 million elderly people accompanied their adult children to urban areas in China, raising concerns about their social capital and mental health following re-location. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of migration on social capital and depression among this population. METHODS Multistage stratified cluster sampling was applied to recruit the migrant and urban elderly in Hangzhou from May to August, 2013. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews by trained college students using a standardized questionnaire. Social capital measurements included cognitive (generalized trust and reciprocity) and structure (support from individual and social contact) aspects. Depression was measured by Geriatric Depression Scale-30 (GDS-30). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression models were used for analysis. RESULTS A total of 1248 migrant elderly and 1322 urban elderly were eligible for analysis. After adjusting for a range of confounder factors, binary logistic regression models revealed that migrant elderly reported significantly lower levels of generalized trust [OR = 1.34, 95% CI (1.10-1.64)], reciprocity [OR = 1.55, 95% CI (1.29-1.87)], support from individual [OR = 1.96, 95% CI (1.61-2.38)] and social contact [OR = 3.27, 95% CI (2.70-3.97)]. In the full adjusted model, migrant elderly were more likely to be mentally unhealthy [OR = 1.85, 95% CI (1.44-2.36)] compared with urban elderly. CONCLUSIONS Migrant elderly suffered from a lower mental health status and social capital than their urban counterparts in the emigrating city. Attention should focus on improving the social capital and mental health of this growing population.
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