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Farokhnia M, Harris JC, Speed SN, Leggio L, Johnson RM. Lifetime use of alcohol and cannabis among U.S. adolescents across age: Exploring differential patterns by sex and race/ethnicity using the 2019 NSDUH data. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2024; 10:100214. [PMID: 38234369 PMCID: PMC10791568 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Early use of alcohol and cannabis is associated with health and social problems. It is unclear how lifetime use changes for each additional year of age during adolescence, and whether this change varies by sex and race/ethnicity. This study characterized lifetime rates of alcohol and cannabis use by age among 12- to 17-year-old American youth and explored differential patterns by sex and race/ethnicity. Methods Data were obtained from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Analyses were restricted to 12-17-year-olds who were non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic/Latino (n = 11,830). We estimated the increase in lifetime use of alcohol and cannabis by age for the full sample and stratified by sex and race/ethnicity. Slopes of the regression lines were compared to assess differential patterns across groups. Results In these cross-sectional analyses, reported lifetime use increased substantially from age 12 to 17 for alcohol (6.4 % to 53.2 %) and cannabis (1.3 % to 35.9 %). The increase in lifetime alcohol use was slightly, but not significantly, steeper among girls than boys (F1,8 = 3.40, p = 0.09). White and Latino youth showed similar rates of increase in lifetime alcohol use, which was significantly flatter among Black youth (F2,12=21.26, p<0.0001). Latino youth had a slightly, but not significantly, steeper increase in lifetime cannabis use than White and Black youth (F2,12=3.17, p = 0.07). Conclusions Reports of lifetime alcohol and cannabis use substantially increase from age 12 to 17 and the rates are different according to sex and race/ethnicity, highlighting the need for early and tailored substance use prevention in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julia C. Harris
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD, USA
- Psychology Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shannon N. Speed
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Renee M. Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Cosma A, Elgar FJ, de Looze M, Canale N, Lenzi M, Inchley J, Vieno A. Structural gender inequality and gender differences in adolescent substance use: A multilevel study from 45 countries. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101208. [PMID: 36124256 PMCID: PMC9482136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
-Societal gender inequality relates to gender differences in adolescent substance use.-The gender gap in adolescent substance use is larger in countries with higher levels of gender inequality.-Girls in these countries were less likely to get drunk, use alcohol or smoke cigarettes than boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cosma
- Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author. Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, 3 College Green, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Frank J. Elgar
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Margreet de Looze
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Natale Canale
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Lenzi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jo Inchley
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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3
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Dickerson AS, Deng Z, Ransome Y, Factor-Litvak P, Karlsson O. Associations of prenatal exposure to mixtures of organochlorine pesticides and smoking and drinking behaviors in adolescence. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112431. [PMID: 34848208 PMCID: PMC11108254 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is important to identify the factors that influence the prevalence of disinhibitory behaviors, as tobacco and alcohol use in adolescence is a strong predictor of continued use and substance abuse into adulthood. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants that pose a potential risk to the developing fetus and offspring long-term health. We examined associations between prenatal exposure OCPs and their metabolites (i.e., p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT, oxychlordane, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB)), both as a mixture and single compounds, and alcohol consumption and smoking at adolescence in a sample (n = 554) from the Child Health and Development Studies prospective birth cohort. Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression demonstrated a trend of higher risk of alcohol use and smoking with higher quartile mixture levels. Single-component analysis showed increased odds of smoking and drinking with increases in lipid-adjusted p,p'-DDE serum levels (aOR = 2.06, 95% CI 0.99-4.31, p = 0.05, per natural log unit increase). We found significant effect modification in these associations by sex with higher p,p'-DDT serum levels (aOR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.09-0.076, p = 0.01, per natural log unit increase) was associated with lower odds of smoking and drinking in female adolescents, while higher p,p'-DDE serum levels (aOR = 2.98, 95% CI 1.04-8.51, p = 0.04, per natural log unit increase) was associated with higher odds of the outcomes. Results of the mutually adjusted model were not significant for male adolescents. Further research to understand reasons for these sex-differences are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha S Dickerson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA, 615 N Wolfe Street, E7638, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhengyi Deng
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA, 615 N Wolfe Street, E7638, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yusuf Ransome
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, LEPH 4th Floor, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Oskar Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 114 18, Sweden.
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Cortés-Tomás MT, Giménez-Costa JA, Motos-Sellés P, Sancerni-Beitia MD. Expectancies and Motives as Predictors of Risky Alcohol Consumption in College Women. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDespite the consequences of alcohol use, it continues showing a high incidence among college students. Besides, the increasing presence of women in risk alcohol patterns calls for a gender-sensitive approach to design specific actions. Some variables have been analyzed as underlying alcohol consumption (expectations and motives). This paper assesses the type and influence of both variables on female university alcohol consumers at different levels of risk. Five hundred four college women were assessed using the Spanish adaptations of the Expectancy Questionnaire, the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised, and the AUDIT. We determine the unique contributions of expectancies, motives, and the presence of binge drinking (BD) to the pattern of risky drinking. The percentage of variance explained by risky drinking is 37.7%. Negative expectancies (20.4%) are the most explanatory variables, followed by enhancement motives (10.4%). Interventions with university women should focus on their negative expectancies, in addition to addressing for improvement, coping with depression, and conformity motives.
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Platt JM, Jager J, Patrick ME, Kloska D, Schulenberg J, Rutherford C, Keyes KM. Forecasting future prevalence and gender differences in binge drinking among young adults through 2040. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2069-2079. [PMID: 34741556 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge drinking among adolescents and young adults has changed over time, but patterns differ by age and gender. Identifying high-risk groups to target future efforts at reducing drinking in this population remains a public health priority. Forecasting methods can provide a better understanding of variation and determinants of future binge drinking prevalence. METHODS We implemented regression-based forecasting models to estimate the prevalence and gender differences in binge drinking among cohort groups of U.S. young adults, ages 18, 23-24, and 29-30 through 2040. Forecasting models were adjusted for covariates accounting for changes in demographic, Big-5 social roles (e.g., residential independence), and drinking norms and related substance use, to understand the drivers of forecasted binge drinking estimates. RESULTS From the last observed cohort group (years varied by age) through 2040, unadjusted binge drinking prevalence was forecasted to decrease from 26% (95% CI: 20, 33%) (2011-15) to 11% (95% CI: 4, 27%) at age 18, decrease from 38% (95% CI: 30, 45%) (2006-2010) to 34% (95% CI: 18, 55%) at ages 23/24, and increase from 32% (95% CI: 25, 40%) (2001-2005) to 35% (95% CI: 16, 59%) at ages 29/30. Gender-stratified forecasts show a continuation in the narrowing of binge drinking prevalence between young men and women, though the magnitude of narrowing differs by age. Estimated trends were partially explained by changing norms regarding drinking and other substance use, though these indirect effects explained less of the total trend as age increased. CONCLUSIONS Understanding how covariates influence binge drinking trends can guide public health policies to leverage the most important determinants of future binge drinking to reduce the harm caused by binge drinking from adolescence to adulthood.
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6
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Cheng HG, Edwards AC. Major depressive symptoms and escalation of drinking among new drinkers in the United States: Variations across sex and age groups. Addict Behav 2021; 122:107017. [PMID: 34146797 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy episodic drinking is common in the United States (US) and causes substantial burden to individuals and the society. The transition from first drinking to first heavy drinking episode is a major milestone in the escalation of drinking. There is limited evidence about whether major depressive symptoms predict the progression from drinking to heavy drinking and potential variations across age, sex, and depressive symptoms. In this study, we aim to estimate the association between history of major depressive symptoms and the risk of first heavy drinking episode among new drinkers in the US. METHODS Study population was US non-institutionalized civilian new drinkers 12 years of age and older who had their first drink during the past 12 months drawn from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. History of major depressive symptoms and alcohol drinking behaviors were assessed via audio-computer-assisted self-interviews. Logistic regressions and structural equation modeling were used for analysis. RESULTS Depressed mood and/or anhedonia predicted the transition from the first drink to a heavy drinking episode among underage female new drinkers, whereas null associations were found among males and female new drinkers who had their first drink at 21 and later. Among new drinkers with depressed mood and/or anhedonia, low mood or energy positively predicted the progression to a heavy drinking episode among late-adolescent boys, but negatively among late-adolescent girls; neurovegetative symptoms positively predicted the progression to a heavy drinking episode among young adult new drinkers. CONCLUSIONS The relationships linking major depressive symptoms and the transition from drinking to first heavy drinking episode vary across age, sex, and depressive symptoms.
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7
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Jackson KM, Marceau K, Colby SM, Barnett NP, Rogers ML, Hayes KL. Trajectories of early alcohol use milestones: Interrelations among initiation and progression. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2294-2308. [PMID: 34585748 PMCID: PMC8642286 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use shows age-graded patterning, with normative use progressing through characteristic milestones of escalating use or severity. Despite some knowledge about the timing of milestone attainment and sequencing across milestones, there is a gap in our understanding of the earliest stages of use. This study characterizes the timing, sequencing, and speed of progression through milestones beginning with the first sip of alcohol. METHODS Sixth through eighth graders (N = 1023; 52% female; 76% White; M = 12.23 years old) completed web surveys through the end of high school. Participants reported on alcohol experiences including the first sip, full drink, consumption of 3+ drinks/occasion (heavy drinking), being drunk, and experiencing acute consequences, from which milestone age and speed of progression (duration) were calculated. Milestone prevalence, sequencing, and timing were characterized, and associations between age of attainment and speed of progression were examined. We also examined whether milestone timing and progression varied by sex and racial/ethnic group. RESULTS Overall, milestones followed the expected ordering with the exception of heavy drinking (3+ drinks/occasion) and being drunk, which appear to index similar experiences. An earlier age of attainment was associated with an increased likelihood of attaining each of the milestones. In contrast, once a milestone was achieved, there was reduced risk of initiation of subsequent adjacent milestones for individuals with an earlier first sip and full drink, and earlier initiation was associated with a longer duration to subsequent milestones. Girls were more likely to attain all milestones than boys, but there was no sex difference in the age of attainment. In contrast, Hispanic youth reported earlier ages of initiation than White non-Hispanic youth, but the likelihood of attainment did not vary by race/ethnicity. Rapid progression was observed in females but did not vary by race/ethnicity. DISCUSSION Risks associated with early drinking are complex, with little support for normative ordering of milestones beyond the first sip. Although early drinking is associated with an increased risk of subsequent drinking, it does not appear to place the drinker on an accelerated course to heavier use. A nuanced understanding of risks associated with milestone timing may inform intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Jackson
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kristine Marceau
- Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Suzanne M Colby
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nancy P Barnett
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michelle L Rogers
- Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kerri L Hayes
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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8
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Villanueva-Blasco VJ, Villanueva Silvestre V, Vázquez-Martínez A, Rial Boubeta A, Isorna M. Age and Living Situation as Key Factors in Understanding Changes in Alcohol Use during COVID-19 Confinement. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111471. [PMID: 34769986 PMCID: PMC8583611 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) The aim of the present study was to evaluate and characterize changes in alcohol use during the COVID-19 confinement in a sample of Spanish adults, analyzing their age and living situation as defining life cycle variables. (2) Method: Data from 3779 individuals were collected through a set of online surveys. AUDIT-C was used to measure the frequency of consumption, the average daily consumption, intensive consumption, risky consumption, and Standard Drink Units. (3) Results: Although alcohol consumption during confinement showed a significant general decline, age revealed important differences, with the decline being more pronounced in adults from 18 to 29 years old. The living situation also showed significant differences. The largest decreases in alcohol consumption were found in those who lived with their parents or other relatives, whereas those who lived alone or with a partner even increased their level of consumption. In addition, the data show a significant interaction between these two variables and gender. (4) Conclusions: Age and cohabitation processes are key factors in understanding the life situation of each individual during confinement and, consequently, in explaining consumption patterns. The results obtained provide interesting recommendations for designing prevention policies in both normal and crisis circumstances, emphasizing the need to understand alcohol use from a psychosocial perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor J. Villanueva-Blasco
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (V.J.V.-B.); (V.V.S.); Tel.: +34-961-924-993 (V.J.V.-B.)
| | - Verónica Villanueva Silvestre
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (V.J.V.-B.); (V.V.S.); Tel.: +34-961-924-993 (V.J.V.-B.)
| | | | - Antonio Rial Boubeta
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Manuel Isorna
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, Campus as Lagoas, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain;
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9
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Villanueva-Blasco VJ, Villanueva Silvestre V, Isorna M, Motos P, Blay P, Vázquez-Martínez A. Changes in Alcohol Consumption Pattern Based on Gender during COVID-19 Confinement in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18158028. [PMID: 34360321 PMCID: PMC8345450 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
(1) The goal of this study was to analyze the prevalence and pattern of alcohol consumption (frequency of consumption, average daily consumption, and risky consumption) before and during confinement due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the adult population and based on gender. (2) Methods: Data from 3779 individuals were collected via a set of online surveys. The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C) were used to measure the frequency of consumption, the average daily consumption, intensive consumption, risky consumption, and standard drink units. (3) Results: During confinement, the prevalence of alcohol consumption declined in both males and females, but only intensive consumption showed significant differences, with a greater reduction in males. The number of females who consumed alcohol four or more times per week doubled, whereas the number of males who did so was multiplied by a factor of 1.5; in both females and males, the percentage who presented intensive consumption doubled. The percentage of females with risky consumption was higher than that of males both before and during confinement. In addition to gender, the interaction between age and the employment situation explain consumption before and during confinement. (4) Conclusions: During confinement due to COVID-19, alcohol consumption declined in both sexes, but alcohol-risk consumers increased their frequency of use. The interaction between gender, age, and employment situation was related to these changes. These findings are relevant for guiding public health and health-risk management policies related to alcohol consumption in environmental situations similar to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor J. Villanueva-Blasco
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (V.J.V.-B.); (V.V.S.); Tel.: +34-961-924-993 (V.J.V.-B.)
| | - Verónica Villanueva Silvestre
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (V.J.V.-B.); (V.V.S.); Tel.: +34-961-924-993 (V.J.V.-B.)
| | - Manuel Isorna
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, Campus As Lagoas, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain;
| | - Patricia Motos
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Pere Blay
- School of Science and Technology, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain;
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10
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The association between reinforcement sensitivity and substance use is mediated by individual differences in dispositional affectivity in adolescents. Addict Behav 2021; 114:106719. [PMID: 33160749 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence marks the onset of substance use experimentation and adolescents are particularly vulnerable to certain negative effects of substances. Some evidence indicates reinforcement sensitivity is associated with substance use, though little is known about mechanisms underlying such association. AIMS in the current study were to examine, (1) associations between behavioral activation (BAS) and behavioral inhibition (BIS) system sensitivity, positive (PA) and negative affectivity (NA), and alcohol use and alcohol problems as well as tobacco, and marijuana use, and whether (2) associations are mediated by PA or NA. METHODS Participants were a community sample of N = 125 adolescents (Mage = 15.67 years; SD = 0.93; 52% boys) who completed self-report measures. RESULTS evinced associations, generally as expected, across variables (all ps < 0.05). In mediation analyses, an association emerged between BIS sensitivity and alcohol use, mediated by NA (95%CIs [0.034; 0.390]); greater BIS sensitivity was associated with greater NA and greater NA was associated with greater alcohol use. These findings were replicated with alcohol problems. An association also emerged between BAS sensitivity and marijuana use, mediated by PA (95%CIs [-0.296; -0.027]); greater BAS sensitivity was associated with greater PA and greater PA was associated with lower marijuana use. Finally, BIS sensitivity was associated with tobacco use through NA (95%CIs [0.023; 0.325]) and PA (95%CIs [0.004; 0.116]), with NA linked to greater, but PA linked to lower tobacco use. BAS sensitivity was also associated with tobacco use through PA (95%CIs [-0.395; -0.049]), with PA linked again to lower tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS There are unique and shared effects of domains of reinforcement sensitivity on adolescent substance use and these vary with index of dispositional affectivity and type of substance considered.
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Canfield M, Chandler V, Foster JH. Home drinking in women over 30 years of age. Findings from an internet survey in England. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1838638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Canfield
- Department of Psychology, Health Psychology, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Valerie Chandler
- Department of Family Care and Mental Health, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - John H. Foster
- Department of Family Care and Mental Health, University of Greenwich, London, UK
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Myran DT, Hsu AT, Smith G, Tanuseputro P. Rates of emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use in Ontario from 2003 to 2016: a retrospective population-level study. CMAJ 2020; 191:E804-E810. [PMID: 31332048 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.181575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use causes a large burden on the health of Canadians, and alcohol-related harms appear to be increasing in many high-income countries. We sought to analyze changes in emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use, by sex, age and neighbourhood income over time. METHODS All individuals aged 10 to 105 years living in Ontario, Canada, between 2003 and 2016 were included in this study. The primary outcome was age-standardized rates of emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use, defined using diagnostic codes from the Canadian Institute for Health Information Health Indicator "hospitalizations entirely caused by alcohol." We compared rates of these visits using a retrospective population-level design. RESULTS Among 15 121 639 individuals, there were 765 346 emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use over the study period. Between 2003 and 2016, the age-standardized rates of these visits increased more in women (86.5%) than in men (53.2%), and the increase in rates of emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use was 4.4 times greater than the increases in the rates of overall emergency department visits. Individuals aged 25-29 years experienced the largest change in the rate of emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use (175%). We found evidence of age-cohort effects, whereby the rate of emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use at age 19 years increased on average by 4.07% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.71%-4.44%) per year for each cohort born between 1986 and 1999. Individuals in the lowest neighbourhood income quintile had 2.37 (95% CI 2.27-2.49) times the rate of emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use than those in the highest income quintile. This disparity increased slightly over the study period. INTERPRETATION Although men and lower-income individuals have the highest burden of emergency department visits attributable to alcohol use, the largest increases in visits have been in women and younger adults. Further research should focus on potential causes of these trends to provide guidance on how to reduce alcohol-related harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Myran
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Myran), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program (Hsu, Smith), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; ICES uOttawa (Smith); Bruyère Research Institute (Hsu, Tanuseputro); Department of Medicine (Tanuseputro), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.
| | - Amy T Hsu
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Myran), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program (Hsu, Smith), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; ICES uOttawa (Smith); Bruyère Research Institute (Hsu, Tanuseputro); Department of Medicine (Tanuseputro), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Glenys Smith
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Myran), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program (Hsu, Smith), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; ICES uOttawa (Smith); Bruyère Research Institute (Hsu, Tanuseputro); Department of Medicine (Tanuseputro), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
| | - Peter Tanuseputro
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Myran), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program (Hsu, Smith), The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; ICES uOttawa (Smith); Bruyère Research Institute (Hsu, Tanuseputro); Department of Medicine (Tanuseputro), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont
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13
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Abstract
Alcohol use during adolescence is an important and modifiable health risk behavior given the significant acute consequences and long-term impacts on the developing brain. Alcohol is the most common substance used by young adults 12 to 17 years old, with binge drinking, polysubstance use, and co-occurring mental health disorders posing particular concerns in this age group. Physicians can play a crucial role in screening and responding to alcohol use, with targeted brief interventions designed to delay or decrease use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bagley
- Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Sharon Levy
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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14
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Keyes KM, Jager J, Mal-Sarkar T, Patrick ME, Rutherford C, Hasin D. Is There a Recent Epidemic of Women's Drinking? A Critical Review of National Studies. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1344-1359. [PMID: 31074877 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is increasing in the United States, as is alcohol-attributable mortality. Historically, men have had higher rates of alcohol consumption than women, though evidence for birth cohort effects on gender differences in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm suggests that gender differences may be diminishing. We review studies using U.S. national data that examined time trends in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm since 2008. Utilizing a historical-developmental perspective, here we synthesize and integrate the literature on birth cohort effects from varying developmental periods (i.e., adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood), with a focus on gender differences in alcohol consumption. Findings suggest that recent trends in gender differences in alcohol outcomes are heterogeneous by developmental stage. Among adolescents and young adults, both males and females are rapidly decreasing alcohol consumption, binge and high-intensity drinking, and alcohol-related outcomes, with gender rates converging because males are decreasing consumption faster than females. This pattern does not hold among adults, however. In middle adulthood, consumption, binge drinking, and alcohol-related harms are increasing, driven largely by increases among women in their 30s and 40s. The trend of increases in consumption that are faster for women than for men appears to continue into older adult years (60 and older) across several studies. We conclude by addressing remaining gaps in the literature and offering directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Society and Health Research Center, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Justin Jager
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | | | - Megan E Patrick
- Institute for Translational Research in Children's Mental Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Deborah Hasin
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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15
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Picoito J, Santos C, Loureiro I, Aguiar P, Nunes C. Gender-specific substance use patterns and associations with individual, family, peer, and school factors in 15-year-old Portuguese adolescents: a latent class regression analysis. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2019; 13:21. [PMID: 31110558 PMCID: PMC6511212 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-019-0281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period of vulnerability to substance use. Recent research has shown that gender differences in adolescence substance use are complex and in constant flux. The present study aims to investigate gender differences in substance use and initiation patterns in male and female adolescents, and to assess individual, family, peer, and school associated factors of these patterns. METHODS We applied latent class regression analysis to a Portuguese representative population sample of 1551 15-year-old adolescents, drawn from the 2010 'Health Behavior in School-Aged Children' survey, to characterise different profiles of substance use and initiation for boys and girls, and to identify factors associated with latent class membership, stratifying the associations analysis by gender. RESULTS Three common classes were found for both genders, specifically, Non-Users (boys [B] 34.42%, girls [G] 26.79%), Alcohol Experimenters (B 38.79%, G 43.98%) and Alcohol and Tobacco Frequent Users (B 21.31%, G 10.36%), with two additional unique classes: Alcohol Experimenters and Tobacco Users in girls (18.87%), and Early Initiation and Poly-Substance Users in boys (5.48%). Poor school satisfaction, bullying, fighting and higher family affluence scale score formed a common core of associated factors of substance use, although we found gender differences in these associations. In girls, but not in boys, family factors were associated with more problematic substance use. Not living with both parents was associated with girl's Alcohol and Tobacco Frequent Users (gATFU) class (OR 3.78 CI 1.18-12.11) and Alcohol Experimenters and Tobacco Users (AETU) class (OR 3.22 CI 1.4-7.44). Poor communication with mother was also associated with gATFU class membership (OR 3.82 CI 1.26-11.53) and AETU class (OR 3.66 CI 1.99-6.75). Additionally, a higher psychological symptoms score was associated with gATFU class membership (OR 1.16 CI 1.02-1.31). CONCLUSION Although we found common patterns and associated factors between boys and girls, we report two unique patterns of substance use in boys and girls and specific associations between family, school and peers, and individual factors with these patterns. These findings underscore the need for substance use prevention and health promotion programmes that address potential differences in substance use patterns and associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Picoito
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Rua Doutor Afonso Romão, 3000-609 Coimbra, Portugal
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Constança Santos
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pediatrics, Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, Quinta do Alvito, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Loureiro
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Aguiar
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Nunes
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Hasin DS, Shmulewitz D, Sarvet AL. Time trends in US cannabis use and cannabis use disorders overall and by sociodemographic subgroups: a narrative review and new findings. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2019; 45:623-643. [PMID: 30870044 PMCID: PMC6745010 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2019.1569668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Due to significant comorbidity and impairment associated with cannabis use and cannabis use disorder, understanding time trends in cannabis use and cannabis use disorder is an important public health priority.Objectives: To identify trends in cannabis use and cannabis use disorder overall, and by sociodemographic subgroup.Methods: Narrative review of published findings on trends in cannabis use and cannabis use disorders in data from repeated cross-sectional US general population surveys. In addition, in National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; 2002-2002) and NESARC-III (2012-2013) data, logistic regression was used to examine whether trends differed between subgroups of adults.Results: The review showed that in adults, cannabis use increased over the past decade overall and within sociodemographic subgroups (gender, age, race/ethnicity, income, education, marital status, urbanicity, region, pregnancy status, disability status), with greater increases in men and disabled adults. Most sources also indicated significant increases in cannabis use disorders. New analysis showed significantly greater increases in adult cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in men (p ≤ .0001); young adults (p < .05); Blacks (vs. Whites, p < .01); low income groups (p < .001); never-married p ≤ .0001), and urban residents (p < .05). In adolescents, cannabis use generally decreased, although recent increases were observed in older and non-White adolescents.Conclusion: Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder are increasing in adults, with specific sociodemographic groups at higher risk, and may be increasing in some adolescent subgroups. Studies should determine mechanisms for differential trends to provide information to policymakers and enable informed decisions on cannabis legalization and service planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah S Hasin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dvora Shmulewitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron L Sarvet
- Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, T. H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Zanetti ACG, Cumsille F, Mann R. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE USE OF ALCOHOL, MARIJUANA AND COCAINE AND THE SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF RIBEIRÃO PRETO, BRAZIL. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-265x-tce-cicad-1-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the prevalence of use in life and in the last three months of alcohol, marijuana and cocaine among university students from the social and health Sciences areas of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil and to evaluate the association between use in life and in the last three months of alcohol, marijuana and cocaine and the variables gender, area of the course, with whom the student lives, importance of religion, age and year of study. Method: a cross-sectional study, carried out with a convenience sample of 275 students from a public university in Ribeirão Preto-SP. For data collection, two instruments were used, containing sociodemographic, training and psychoactive substances. For the analysis, the following tests were used: Fisher's exact test, Chi-square test of Person and Mann-Whitney test. Results: As for sociodemographic factors, there was a significant association between the gender of the participants among the use of marijuana and cocaine in life (p=0.024 and p=0.005, respectively) and the last three months (p=0.013 and p=0.009, respectively), among the importance of religion and the lifetime use of alcohol, marijuana and cocaine (p <0.001, p <0.001 and p = 0.024, respectively) and the use of only marijuana in the last three months (p <0.001) and among the use of marijuana in the last three months and the year of graduation (p=0.003). Regarding age, the results showed a significant difference only between the groups that reported not to use alcohol in life (p=0.037). Conclusion: the investigated university students presented a prevalence of use in their lifetime and in the last three months of marijuana and cocaine greater among men, but not for alcohol. The importance of religion was negatively associated with the use of investigated drugs. The results can provide important subsidies for the structuring of preventive measures for abuse of psychoactive substances between university students and the need for new investigations that cover the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Cumsille
- Inter-American Observatory on Drugs, Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission, Estados Unidos
| | - Robert Mann
- University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
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Cheng HG, Anthony JC. Female-male differences in alcohol dependence levels: Evidence on newly incident adolescent and young-adult drinkers in the United States, 2002-2014. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2018; 27:e1717. [PMID: 29745044 PMCID: PMC6744833 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study of newly incident drinkers (NIDs), we (a) investigate and calibrate measurement equivalence of 7 clinical features of an alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) across sex and age-of-onset subgroups and (b) estimate female-male differences in ADS levels soon after taking the first full drink, with focus on those with first full drink before the 24th birthday. METHODS The study population is 12- to 23-year-old NIDs living in the United States (n = 33,561). Calibrated for measurement equivalence, male-female differences in levels of newly incident ADS are estimated for 6 age-of-onset subgroups. RESULTS Measurement equivalence is achieved by dropping the "difficulty cutting down" item. Then, among early-adolescent-onset NID, females have higher ADS levels (for 12- to 13-year-old NID: β = .25; 95% CI [0.05, 0.45]). In contrast, when drinking onset is delayed to adulthood, males have higher ADS levels (e.g., for 18- to 19-year-old NID: β = -.27; 95% CI [-0.52, -0.02]; for 20- to 21-year-old NID: β = -.38; 95% CI [-0.65, -0.12]). CONCLUSIONS In the United States, there is female excess in ADS levels measured soon after drinking onset in early adolescence. The traditional male excess is seen when drinking onset occurs after mid-adolescence. Evidence from other countries will be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui G Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - James C Anthony
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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19
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Niedermeier M, Frühauf A, Kopp-Wilfling P, Rumpold G, Kopp M. Alcohol Consumption and Physical Activity in Austrian College Students-A Cross-Sectional Study. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:1581-1590. [PMID: 29381116 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1416406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The age of college students is considered as crucial for developing health-related behaviors, e.g., alcohol consumption or a physically active lifestyle. Previous research reported a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and physical activity (PA) in college students. However, the main body of research was done in students from the United States who might differ from European students. OBJECTIVES Thus the aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between alcohol consumption and PA in a sample of Austrian college students. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, 861 Austrian students from various study fields responded to a web-based questionnaire. Self-reported alcohol consumption, PA, and relevant sociodemographic variables were assessed. Multiple regression analyses were used to study the relationship between alcohol consumption and PA. RESULTS In none of the regression models, a significant relationship between alcohol consumption and PA was found. There was a significant influence of sex, age, relationship status, education level, and study field on alcohol consumption. Male, older, and undergraduate students studying social sciences without a relationship reported higher alcohol consumption. Conclusions/Importance: The results do not support a general relationship between alcohol consumption and PA among urban Austrian college students of various study fields. Compared to other variables (e.g., sex, relationship status), PA seems to be less important in relation to the consumption of alcohol. This study challenges a global perspective on a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and PA and highlights the need for more cross-cultural investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Niedermeier
- a Department of Sport Science , University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Anika Frühauf
- a Department of Sport Science , University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | | | - Gerhard Rumpold
- b Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Innsbruck Medical University , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Martin Kopp
- a Department of Sport Science , University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
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