1
|
Sell TC, Zerega R, King V, Reiter CR, Wrona H, Bullock GS, Mills N, Räisänen A, Ledbetter L, Collins GS, Kvist J, Filbay SR, Losciale JM. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury Scale (ACL-RSI) Scores over Time After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:49. [PMID: 38689130 PMCID: PMC11061071 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological readiness is an important consideration for athletes and clinicians when making return to sport decisions following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). To improve our understanding of the extent of deficits in psychological readiness, a systematic review is necessary. OBJECTIVE To investigate psychological readiness (measured via the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury scale (ACL-RSI)) over time after ACL tear and understand if time between injury and surgery, age, and sex are associated with ACL-RSI scores. METHODS Seven databases were searched from the earliest date available to March 22, 2022. Articles reporting ACL-RSI scores after ACL tear were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I, RoB-2, and RoBANS tools based on the study design. Evidence certainty was assessed for each analysis. Random-effects meta-analyses pooled ACL-RSI scores, stratified by time post-injury and based on treatment approach (i.e., early ACLR, delayed ACLR, and unclear approach). RESULTS A total of 83 studies were included in this review (78% high risk of bias). Evidence certainty was 'weak' or 'limited' for all analyses. Overall, ACL-RSI scores were higher at 3 to 6 months post-ACLR (mean = 61.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 58.6, 64.4], I2 = 94%) compared to pre-ACLR (mean = 44.4 [95% CI 38.2, 50.7], I2 = 98%), remained relatively stable, until they reached the highest point 2 to 5 years after ACLR (mean = 70.7 [95% CI 63.0, 78.5], I2 = 98%). Meta-regression suggests shorter time from injury to surgery, male sex, and older age were associated with higher ACL-RSI scores only 3 to 6 months post-ACLR (heterogeneity explained R2 = 47.6%), and this reduced 1-2 years after ACLR (heterogeneity explained R2 = 27.0%). CONCLUSION Psychological readiness to return to sport appears to improve early after ACL injury, with little subsequent improvement until ≥ 2-years after ACLR. Longer time from injury to surgery, female sex and older age might be negatively related to ACL-RSI scores 12-24 months after ACLR. Due to the weak evidence quality rating and the considerable importance of psychological readiness for long-term outcomes after ACL injury, there is an urgent need for well-designed studies that maximize internal validity and identify additional prognostic factors for psychological readiness at times critical for return to sport decisions. REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (OSF), https://osf.io/2tezs/ .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Sell
- Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Ryan Zerega
- Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Victoria King
- Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Hailey Wrona
- Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Garrett S Bullock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nilani Mills
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anu Räisänen
- Department of Physical Therapy Education-Oregon, College of Health Sciences-Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Oregon, USA
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Gary S Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanna Kvist
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Medicine, University of Linkoping, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephanie R Filbay
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin M Losciale
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kou J, Wang R, Tang Y, Tang Y, Gao Y. Translation and validation of a simplified Chinese version of the psychosocial assessment tool. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:221. [PMID: 38365614 PMCID: PMC10870522 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT2.0) is widely used to assess psychosocial risk in families of children with cancer. Our study aims to apply PAT2.0 to Chinese patients and assess the reliability, content validity, and construct validity of the Chinese version. METHODS A total of 161 participants completed the study, each with only one child diagnosed with cancer. Psychometric evaluations, including internal consistency, score distribution, test-retest reliability, and construct validity, were conducted. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.732 to 0.843, indicating good internal consistency. Additionally, intraclass correlation coefficient values ranged from 0.869 to 0.984, indicating excellent test-retest reliability. The Simplified Chinese version of PAT2.0 demonstrated high construct validity in factor analyses and correlations with the General Functioning Subscale of the Family Assessment Device. CONCLUSION The translation process of the Chinese version of PAT2.0 was successful, proving its applicability for psychosocial evaluation and interventions in families of children with cancer in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kou
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders.(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders.(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders.(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders.(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders.(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Faleide AGH, Inderhaug E. It is time to target psychological readiness (or lack of readiness) in return to sports after Anterior Cruciate Ligament tears. J Exp Orthop 2023; 10:94. [PMID: 37728618 PMCID: PMC10511393 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-023-00657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional recovery has for long been the focus of rehabilitation after an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury. It is now increasingly recognized that more attention should be given to patients` mental recovery, their psychological readiness for returning to sport, after such an injury. Within this relatively new field of science, clinicians need clarity on when and how psychological factors should be monitored and how inexpedient psychological responses may be addressed during rehabilitation. In this Expert Opinion suggestions on how targeting psychological readiness may improve rehabilitation and return-to-sport evaluations are made based on current evidence-and issues in need of further clarification are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gro Heyn Faleide
- Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Ulriksdal 8, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
- The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Eivind Inderhaug
- Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Ulriksdal 8, 5009, Bergen, Norway
- The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Ren J, Zang Y, Guo W, Disantis A, Martin RL. Cross-Culturally Adapted Versions of Patient Reported Outcome Measures for the Lower Extremity. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; V18:653-686. [PMID: 37425110 PMCID: PMC10324371 DOI: 10.26603/001c.74528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A large number of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been developed in the English language for various lower extremity orthopaedic pathologies. Twenty different PROMs were recommended for 15 specific musculoskeletal lower extremity pathologies or surgeries. However, the availability of cross-culturally adapted versions of these recommended PROMs is unknown. Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify the cross-culturally adapted versions of recommended PROMs for individuals experiencing orthopedic lower extremity pathologies or undergoing surgeries, and to identify the psychometric evidence that supports their utilization. Study design Literature Review. Methods PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, SPORTDisucs and Scopus were searched for cross-culturally adapted translated studies through May 2022. The search strategy included the names of the 20 recommended PROMs from previous umbrella review along with the following terms: reliability, validity, responsiveness, psychometric properties and cross-cultural adaptation. Studies that presented a non-English language version of the PROM with evidence in at least one psychometric property to support its use were included. Two authors independently evaluated the studies for inclusion and independently extracted data. Results Nineteen PROMS had cross-culturally adapted and translated language versions. The KOOS, WOMAC, ACL-RSL, FAAM, ATRS, HOOS, OHS, MOXFQ and OKS were available in over 10 different language versions. Turkish, Dutch, German, Chinese and French were the most common languages, with each language having more than 10 PROMs with psychometric properties supporting their use. The WOMAC and KOOS were both available in 10 languages and had all three psychometric properties of reliability, validity, and responsiveness supporting their use. Conclusion Nineteen of the 20 recommended instruments were available in multiple languages. The PROM most frequently cross-culturally adapted and translated were the KOOS and WOMAC. PROMs were most frequently cross-culturally adapted and translated into Turkish. International researchers and clinicians may use this information to more consistently implement PROMs with the most appropriate psychometric evidence available to support their use. Level of evidence 3a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongni Zhang
- Rangos School of Health Sciences Duquesne- China Health Institute
| | - Jiayi Ren
- Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yaning Zang
- Department of Kinesiology Shanghai University of Sport
| | - Wenhao Guo
- Rangos School of Health Sciences Duquesne- China Health Institute
| | - Ashley Disantis
- Department of Physical Therapy Duquesne University
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
| | - Robroy L Martin
- Department of Physical Therapy Duquesne University
- UPMC Center for Sports Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport After Injury Scale: Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version. J Sport Rehabil 2023; 32:369-375. [PMID: 36689995 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2022-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury scale (ACL-RSI) is used to measure athletes' psychological readiness in terms of their emotions, confidence in performance, and risk appraisal with respect to return to sport after ACL reconstruction. OBJECTIVE To translate and cross-culturally adapt the ACL-RSI to the Persian version and evaluate the reliability and validity of this scale in patients with ACL reconstruction. STUDY DESIGN Clinical measurement study (psychometric analysis). METHODS To assess test-retest reliability, 100 participants were asked to complete the Persian version of the ACL-RSI 2 times with a 7- to 10-day interval. In the first assessment, the patients also filled the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport Questionnaire, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Internal consistency (Cronbach alpha, α), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients), measurement error (standard error of measurement and minimum detectable change), and construct validity (Pearson r) were determined. RESULTS Our results showed good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = .94) and excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients = .90 (.85-.93)]. Standard error of measurement and minimum detectable change were 4.64 and 12.85, respectively. No significant bias was observed between test and retest. In addition, based on the results of correlation analysis, all hypotheses of this study were confirmed. The Persian version of the ACL-RSI had a strong correlation with Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PPR) (P < .001, r = .76) and Tampa scale of Kinesiophobia (TKS) (P < .001, r = -.68). Furthermore, a moderate correlation was observed between the Persian version of the ACL-RSI and the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (P < .001, r = .44) and between this version of the ACL-RSI and the subscales of Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (P < .001, r = .30-.55). CONCLUSION Given its acceptable reliability and validity, the Persian version of the ACL-RSI seems to be a suitable tool for evaluating psychological readiness to return to sport after ACL reconstruction.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou L, Xu Y, Zhang J, Guo L, Zhou T, Wang S, Xu W. Multiplanar knee kinematics-based test battery helpfully guide return-to-sports decision-making after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:974724. [PMID: 36185444 PMCID: PMC9523368 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.974724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are currently no well-established criteria to guide return to sports (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). In this study, a new test battery consisting of subjective and objective tests, especially multiplanar knee kinematics assessment, was developed to aid RTS decision making after ACLR. Methods: This study was conducted with 30 patients who were assessed a mean of 9.2 ± 0.5 months after ACLR. All patients underwent complete evaluations of both lower limbs with four objective assessments [isokinetic, hop, knee laxity, and 6–degree of freedom (6DOF, angle: flexion-extension, varus-valgus, internal-external rotation; translation: anteroposterior, proximodistal, mediolateral) knee kinematics tests] and two subjective assessments [International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) questionnaires]. Limb symmetry indices (LSIs) of knee strength, hop distance, and range of motion (ROM) of knee kinematics were calculated. LSI ≥90%, IKDC scale score within the 15th percentile for healthy adults, and ACL-RSI score >56 were defined as RTS criteria. Results: Significant differences between affected and contralateral knees were observed in the quadriceps strength (p < 0.001), hamstring strength (p = 0.001), single hop distance (p < 0.001), triple hop distance (p < 0.001), and rotational ROM (p = 0.01). Only four patients fulfilled the overall RTS criteria. The percentages of patients fulfilling individual criteria were: quadriceps strength, 40%; hamstring strength, 40%; single hop distance, 30%; triple hop distance, 36.7%; knee ligament laxity, 80%; flexion-extension, 23.3%; varus-valgus rotation, 20%; internal-external rotation, 66.7%; anteroposterior translation, 20%; proximodistal translation, 33.3%; mediolateral translation, 26.7%; IKDC scale score, 53.3%; and ACL-RSI score, 33.3%. Conclusion: At an average of 9 months after ACLR, objectively and subjectively measured knee functional performance was generally unsatisfactory especially the recovery of knee kinematics, which is an important prerequisite for RTS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Luqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianping Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaobai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shaobai Wang, ; Weidong Xu,
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, The Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shaobai Wang, ; Weidong Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Monaco E, Pisanu G, Carrozzo A, Giuliani A, Conteduca J, Oliviero M, Ceroni L, Sonnery-Cottet B, Ferretti A. Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Italian version of the anterior cruciate ligament–return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI) scale and its integration into the K-STARTS test. J Orthop Traumatol 2022; 23:11. [PMID: 35190905 PMCID: PMC8861218 DOI: 10.1186/s10195-021-00622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The timing of a return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) represents a major subject of debate in sports medicine practice. Recently, the Knee Santy Athletic Return to Sport (K-STARTS) composite test was validated. This consists of a battery of physical tests and a psychological evaluation using the anterior cruciate ligament–return to sport after injury scale (ACL-RSI). This study aimed to translate the ACL-RSI and K-STARTS from English to Italian and determine the scale’s reliability and validity in an Italian context. Methods The translation and cultural adaptation process was performed according to the guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. The patients were asked to fill an anonymized online form created for this purpose that included the KOOS, the Lysholm, the IKDC-SKF, and the Italian translation of the ACL-RSI (ACL-RSI-It). After 1 week, the attendees were asked to repeat the ACL-RSI-It to investigate the test–retest reliability. Results The final study population comprised 115 patients who underwent ACLR, with a mean follow-up of 37.37 ± 26.56 months. The ACL-RSI-It showed axcellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.963), reliability (test–retest ICC = 0.966), and good construct validity (positive correlations with the other scales were above 75%). Conclusions The ACL-RSI-It is valid, reliable, and comparable to the original English version of the questionnaire for Italian-speaking patients. It can be used to assess the psychological readiness of patients for a RTS after primary and unilateral ACLR, and can be integrated into the Italian K-STARTS test. Level of evidence Level II. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10195-021-00622-7.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hirohata K, Aizawa J, Furuya H, Mitomo S, Ohmi T, Ohji S, Ohara T, Koga H, Yagishita K, Webster KE. The Japanese version of the anterior cruciate ligament-return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI) scale has acceptable validity and reliability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:2519-2525. [PMID: 32009204 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-05849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The anterior cruciate ligament-return to sports after injury (ACL-RSI) scale assesses the psychological impact of returning to sports (also referred to as psychological readiness) after ACL reconstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate important measurement properties of the Japanese version of ACL-RSI scale. METHODS Ninety-three participants who underwent ACL reconstruction filled out the Japanese version of ACL-RSI scale, the Tampa scale for kinesiophobia (TSK), the International Knee Documentation Committee-Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-SKF), and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). To assess test re-test reliability, 50 of the 93 participants re-answered the Japanese version of ACL-RSI scale within 10 days. Floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency, construct validity, and reliability of the Japanese version of ACL-RSI scale were analysed. RESULTS There were no floor and ceiling effects. The Japanese version of ACL-RSI scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.912). It was positively correlated with total points of IKDC-SKF and the Lysholm score, and with the all sub-categories of the KOOS, and it was negatively correlated with the TSK. Reliability of the Japanese version of ACL-RSI scale was satisfactory. CONCLUSION The Japanese version of ACL-RSI scale has acceptable measurement properties. It can be a useful for evaluation of psychological readiness for return to sports in Japanese athletes who undergo primary ACL reconstruction. Information provided by the Japanese version of the ACL-RSI scale may also help to identify athletes who find return to sport a challenge, and guide conversations regarding treatment and rehabilitation plans. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hirohata
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Junya Aizawa
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Furuya
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sonoda Third Hospital/Tokyo Medical Institute Tokyo Spine Center, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Mitomo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kawakita General Hospital, Suginami-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ohmi
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohji
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohara
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yagishita
- Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kate E Webster
- School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Faleide AGH, Inderhaug E, Vervaat W, Breivik K, Bogen BE, Mo IF, Trøan I, Strand T, Magnussen LH. Anterior cruciate ligament-return to sport after injury scale: validation of the Norwegian language version. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:2634-2643. [PMID: 32062685 PMCID: PMC7429529 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-05901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence is emerging on the importance of psychological readiness to return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The ACL-Return to Sport after Injury scale (ACL-RSI) is developed to assess this. The aim of the current study was to translate ACL-RSI into Norwegian and examine the measurement properties of the Norwegian version (ACL-RSI-No). METHODS ACL-RSI was translated according to international guidelines. A cohort of 197 ACL-reconstructed patients completed ACL-RSI-No and related questionnaires nine months post-surgery. One hundred and forty-six patients completed hop tests and 142 patients completed strength tests. Face and structural validity (confirmative factor analysis and explorative analyses), internal consistency [Cronbach's alpha (α)], test-retest reliability [Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC)], measurement error [Standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change at individual (SDCind) and group level (SDCgroup)] and construct validity (hypotheses testing; independent t tests, Pearson's r) were examined. RESULTS ACL-RSI-No had good face validity. Factor analyses suggested that the use of a sum score is reasonable. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were good (α 0.95, ICC 0.94 (95% CI 0.84-0.97) and measurement error low (SEM 5.7). SDCind was 15.8 points and SDCgroup was 2.0. Six of seven hypotheses were confirmed. CONCLUSIONS ACL-RSI-No displayed good measurement properties. Factor analyses suggested one underlying explanatory factor for "psychological readiness"-supporting the use of a single sum score. ACL-RSI-No can be used in the evaluation of psychological readiness to return to sport after ACL injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gro Heyn Faleide
- Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Ulriksdal 8, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
- The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Eivind Inderhaug
- Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Ulriksdal 8, 5009, Bergen, Norway
- The University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Bård Erik Bogen
- Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Ulriksdal 8, 5009, Bergen, Norway
- Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingunn Fleten Mo
- Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Ulriksdal 8, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Torbjørn Strand
- Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Ulriksdal 8, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|