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Ahmad I, Jafar T, Mahdi F, Arshad M, Das SK, Waliullah S, Mahdi AA. Association of Vitamin D Receptor (FokI and BsmI) Gene Polymorphism with Bone Mineral Density and Their Effect on 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level in North Indian Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 33:429-437. [PMID: 30319189 PMCID: PMC6170232 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease with a strong genetic component. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been suggested as a candidate gene for osteoporosis. Therefore the present study was aimed to investigate the pattern of allelic variants of VDR gene polymorphism (FokI and BsmI), its influence on vitamin D levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in North Indian postmenopausal women with osteoporosis for possible genetic association. 254 postmenopausal osteoporotic women and 254 postmenopausal non osteoporotic women were included in the study. VDR FokI and BsmI gene polymorphism gene were assessed by the PCR-RFLP method. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured by the ELISA. BMD at the L1-L4 lumbar spine, hip, forearm and femoral neck was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The average BMD at spine and hip in postmenopausal women with bb and spine, hip, femoral neck and forearm with ff genotype had significantly low BMD. The frequency of ff genotype and f allele was significantly higher in postmenopausal osteoporotic women when compared with postmenopausal non osteoporotic women. However, no significant association was found between the genotypes and vitamin D levels. Our study reveals that VDR gene FokI and BsmI polymorphism is significantly associated with low bone mineral density. Therefore the ff genotype and f allele of VDR FokI gene may be used as an important risk factor for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 India
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Tabrez Jafar
- Department of Zoology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, 226007 India
| | - Farzana Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Md. Arshad
- Department of Zoology, Lucknow University, Lucknow, 226007 India
| | - Siddharth Kumar Das
- Department of Rheumatology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Shah Waliullah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 India
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Mohammadi Z, Fayyazbakhsh F, Ebrahimi M, Amoli MM, Khashayar P, Dini M, Zadeh RN, Keshtkar A, Barikani HR. Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms (Fok1 and Bsm1) and osteoporosis: a systematic review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:98. [PMID: 25364703 PMCID: PMC4215021 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-014-0098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a health concern characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of fragility fractures. Many studies have investigated the association between genetic variants and osteoporosis. Polymorphism and allelic variations in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) have been found to be associated with bone mineral density. However, many studies have not been able to find this association. Literature review was conducted in several databases, including MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scopus, EMBASE, Ebsco, Science Citation Index Expanded, Ovid, Google Scholar, Iran Medex, Magiran and Scientific Information Database (SID) for papers published between 2000 and 2013 describing the association between Fok1 and Bsm1 polymorphisms of the VDR gene and osteoporosis risk. The majority of the revealed papers were conducted on postmenopausal women. Also, more than 50% studies reported significant relation between Fok1, Bsm1 and osteoporosis. Larger and more rigorous analytical studies with consideration of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions are needed to further dissect the mechanisms by which VDR polymorphisms influence osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mohammadi
- />Department of biology, Damghan branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Fateme Fayyazbakhsh
- />Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ebrahimi
- />Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- />Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Biomedical Engineering Department, Maziar University, Rouyan, Iran
- />EMRI, Dr Shariati Hospital, North Karegar St., Tehran, 14114 Iran
| | - Patricia Khashayar
- />Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Dini
- />Non-communicable Disease Department, Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Nezam Zadeh
- />Department of biology, Damghan branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Abbasali Keshtkar
- />Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Barikani
- />Dental Implant Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Phabphal K, Geater A, Limapichart K, Sathirapanya P, Setthawatcharawanich S, Witeerungrot N, Thammakumpee N, Leelawattana R. The association betweenBsmIpolymorphism and bone mineral density in young patients with epilepsy who are taking phenytoin. Epilepsia 2013; 54:249-55. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li Y, Xi B, Li K, Wang C. Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density in Chinese women. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:5709-17. [PMID: 22193625 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is implicated in the regulation of bone mineral density (BMD). In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between the VDR BsmI (rs1544410) and ApaI (rs7975232) polymorphisms and BMD in Chinese women. Literature was retrieved from PubMed and other databases. The studies on the association between VDR BsmI and ApaI genotypes and BMD at the lumbar spine, the femoral neck, the trochanter or the Ward's triangle in Han Chinese women were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled BMD differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random- or fixed- effects model. Twenty-five eligible studies, which included 4,075 Chinese women, were identified. No significant difference was observed for either genotype when the meta-analysis was limited to premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, BMD differences were significant for BB vs. Bb [-0.029 (95% CI -0.056, -0.002) g/m(2), P = 0.037] at the femoral neck, AA vs. Aa [-0.029 (95% CI -0.051, -0.006) g/m(2), P = 0.012] at the lumbar spine, and Aa vs. aa [0.022(95% CI 0.011, 0.033) g/m(2), P = 0.000] at the trochanter. These results suggest a modest but statistically significant association between VDR BsmI and ApaI polymorphisms and BMD in Chinese postmenopausal women, with higher BMD in heterozygous subjects. More epidemiological and mechanistic studies are needed to further investigate the role of VDR gene polymorphisms in regulating BMD and osteoporosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Yoldemir T, Yavuz DG, Anik G, Verimli N, Erenus M. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in a group of postmenopausal Turkish women: association wıth bone mineral density. Climacteric 2011; 14:384-91. [PMID: 21413862 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2010.550973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms BsmI, ApaI, TaqI and FokI and their associations with bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Turkish women. DESIGN One hundred and thirty healthy postmenopausal women and 130 premenopausal healthy women acting as controls were included in the study. The BsmI, FokI, ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms in the VDR gene were studied by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and femur neck were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Comparisons between the groups were performed using the paired t-test and ANOVA. χ (2) or contingency tables were used to analyze qualitative results. RESULTS Genotypes BB, Bb and bb occurred in premenopausal women with frequencies of 16.92%, 50% and 33.08% and in postmenopausal women with frequencies of 16.92%, 56.15% and 26.92%, respectively. Genotypes FF, Ff, ff occurred in premenopausal women with frequencies of 47.69%, 42.31% and 10% and in postmenopausal women with frequencies of 50.77%, 42.31% and 6.92%, respectively. Genotypes AA, Aa, aa occurred in premenopausal women with frequencies of 23.85%, 56.15% and 20% and in postmenopausal women with frequencies of 26.15%, 46.15% and 27.70%, respectively. Genotypes TT, Tt and tt occurred in premenopausal women with frequencies of 37.69%, 45.38% and 16.92% and in postmenopausal women with frequencies of 39.23%, 45% and 15.38%, respectively. There was no difference in the frequencies of VDR gene polymorphisms between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. BMD measurements were not different between genotypes in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS The VDR gene BsmI, FokI, ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms have no major influence on bone mineral density in our group of postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoldemir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chuang HY, Yu KT, Ho CK, Wu MT, Lin GT, Wu TN. Investigations of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphism Affecting Workers’ Susceptibility to Lead. J Occup Health 2004; 46:316-22. [PMID: 15308833 DOI: 10.1539/joh.46.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene polymorphism is an important factor that affects human susceptibility to toxins. For example, previous studies suggested that the ALAD genotype is an important factor affecting workers' susceptibility to lead toxic effects, including hemopoietic and nervous system. But we have had few researches in Taiwan, though there are thousands of workers involved in lead-related industries. On the other hand, although it is well known that lead deposits in the bone mineral component and interacts with calcium, vitamin D receptor may therefore be an important factor in the metabolism of lead. Some studies suggested that different vitamin D receptor genotypes have various kinds of receptor activity. The goal of this study was to investigate the polymorphism affecting workers' susceptibility to lead. Three allelic variants of the VDR gene were defined by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and three restriction enzymes (ApaI, BsmI, and TaqI). We determined the relationships of different VDR genotypes (AA, Aa, aa, BB, Bb, bb, TT, Tt, and tt) to blood lead and the index of cumulative blood lead levels (ICL). Altogether we analyzed 544 workers' VDR genotypes (BsmI, TaqI, and ApaI) and compared to their blood lead levels and ICL in the VDR genotypes. The results showed that workers had higher blood lead levels and ICL in the Apa I- aa genotypes, but this is not statistically significant when adjusted for potential confounding factors. Other characteristics, such as exposure status, smoking and alcohol drinking, were significantly associated with ICL and time-weighted ICL. Regression analyses suggested that exposure status and personal habits (smoking and alcohol drinking) are still the major effects on blood lead parameters for lead workers rather than genotypes. In conclusion, VDR genotypes did not significantly affect the long term blood lead parameters after adjustment for all factors, but industrial hygiene improvement, including engineering control and health education, are the most important ways to protect workers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC.
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McCarty MF. A moderately low phosphate intake may provide health benefits analogous to those conferred by UV light - a further advantage of vegan diets. Med Hypotheses 2004; 61:543-60. [PMID: 14592785 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although exposure to ultraviolet light is often viewed as pathogenic owing to its role in the genesis of skin cancer and skin aging, there is growing epidemiological evidence that such exposure may decrease risk for a number of more serious cancers, may have a favorable impact on blood pressure and vascular health, and may help to prevent certain autoimmune disorders - in addition to its well-known influence on bone density. Most likely, these health benefits are reflective of improved vitamin D status. Increased synthesis or intake of vitamin D can be expected to down-regulate parathyroid hormone (PTH), and to increase autocrine synthesis of its active metabolite calcitriol in certain tissues; these effects, in turn, may impact cancer risk, vascular health, immune regulation, and bone density through a variety of mechanisms. Presumably, a truly adequate supplemental intake of vitamin D - manyfold higher than the grossly inadequate current RDA - could replicate the benefits of optimal UV exposure, without however damaging the skin. Diets moderately low in bioavailable phosphate - like many vegan diets - might be expected to have a complementary impact on disease risks, inasmuch as serum phosphate suppresses renal calcitriol synthesis while up-regulating that of PTH. A proviso is that the impact of dietary phosphorus on bone health is more equivocal than that of vitamin D. Increased intakes of calcium, on the other hand, down-regulate the production of both PTH and calcitriol - the latter effect may explain why the impact of dietary calcium on cancer risk (excepting colon cancer), hypertension, and autoimmunity is not clearly positive. An overview suggests that a vegan diet supplemented with high-dose vitamin D should increase both systemic and autocrine calcitriol production while suppressing PTH secretion, and thus should represent a highly effective way to achieve the wide-ranging health protection conferred by optimal UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F McCarty
- Pantox Laboratories, San Diego, CA 92109, USA.
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Vidal C, Grima C, Brincat M, Megally N, Xuereb-Anastasi A. Associations of polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene (BsmI and FokI) with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in Malta. Osteoporos Int 2003; 14:923-8. [PMID: 14557853 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-003-1457-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2002] [Accepted: 06/23/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that variations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are related to bone mineral density (BMD). In this study, the T-->C transition in the start codon and the G-->A polymorphism at the 3' end of the VDR gene, identified by endonucleases FokI and BsmI, respectively, were analysed and correlated with BMD in postmenopausal Maltese women ( n=104). Genotype frequencies observed for the VDR start codon polymorphism (SCP) were CC: 60.4%; CT: 30.7% and TT: 8.9%, while those observed for the 3' in this study were GG: 16.4%; GA: 51.9%; AA: 31.7%. In postmenopausal women, both lumbar and femoral BMD were observed to be highest in CC homozygotes for the FokI genotype and in GG homozygotes for the BsmI genotype, although in both groups the difference between the genotypes was not statistically significant, even after adjusting BMD for age, BMI and years since menopause. No evidence of linkage disequilibrium between the two alleles was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vidal
- Department of Pathology, University of Malta Medical School, Malta
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Tsai FJ, Chen WC, Chen HY, Tsai CH. The ALUI calcitonin receptor gene polymorphism (TT) is associated with low bone mineral density and susceptibility to osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2003; 55:82-7. [PMID: 12771454 DOI: 10.1159/000070179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2002] [Accepted: 01/06/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disorder with a strong genetic component. Our aim was to evaluate the correlation of the ALUI calcitonin receptor gene polymorphism to bone mineral density and their relationship to osteoporosis. We determined the ALUI calcitonin receptor gene polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis in 167 postmenopausal women in Taiwan. The polymorphism was detected by the restriction enzyme ALUI, where the C allele indicated the absence of the cuttable site and the T allele indicated its presence. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and proximal femur were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The allelic frequencies for the 167 postmenopausal women in Taiwan were 86.5% for C and 13.5% for T in ALUI restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The prevalence of each genotype in the study population was 2.4% TT, 22.2% CT, and 75.4% CC. The three genotypic groups differed significantly in unadjusted and adjusted bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck. Unadjusted and adjusted bone mineral density values were lowest in women with the TT genotype. The ALUI calcitonin receptor genotype showed a positive association with prevalence of osteoporosis in the subjects. That is, women with genotype TT had a greater risk for developing osteoporosis at the lumbar spine and at the femoral neck. The ALUI calcitonin receptor gene polymorphism is associated with reduced bone mineral density and predisposes women to osteoporosis, but should be interpreted with caution because of the small number of subjects in the unfavorable TT genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical College Hospital, School of Medicine, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan
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