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Wang PC, Liu ZK, Li JR, Zhao ZH, Chang QW, Guo XM, Jin L, Hu YT, Yang Z. Tryptophan regulates the expression of IGFBP1 in bovine endometrial epithelial cells in vitro via the TDO2-AHR pathway. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:390. [PMID: 39227948 PMCID: PMC11373120 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify the roles of L-tryptophan (Trp) and its rate-limiting enzymes on the receptivity of bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Real-time PCR was conducted to analyze the differential expression of genes between different groups of bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Western blot was performed to detect Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression after treatment with Trp or kynurenine (the main metabolites of Trp). The kynurenine assay was used to examine if Trp or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can increase the production of kynurenine in the bovine endometrial epithelial cells. RESULTS Trp significantly stimulates insulin growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) expression, a common endometrial marker of conceptus elongation and uterus receptivity for ruminants. When bovine endometrial epithelial cells are treated with Trp, tryptophan hydroxylase-1 remains unchanged, but tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO2) is significantly increased, suggesting tryptophan is mainly metabolized through the kynurenine pathway. Kynurenine significantly stimulates IGFBP1 expression. Furthermore, Trp and kynurenine significantly increase the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). CH223191, an AHR inhibitor, abrogates the induction of Trp and kynurenine on IGFBP1. PGE2 significantly induces the expression of TDO2, AHR, and IGFBP1. CONCLUSIONS The regulation between Trp / kynurenine and PGE2 may be crucial for the receptivity of the bovine uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Chao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Ze-Kun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Jia-Rong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Zi-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Qian-Wen Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiao-Min Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Lin Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yong-Ting Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Zhenshan Yang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, 22381, Sweden.
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Chen ST, Ran F, Shi WW, Liu CK, Wang PC, Luo HN, Yang ZM. Tryptophan in the mouse diet is essential for embryo implantation and decidualization. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1356914. [PMID: 38752181 PMCID: PMC11094255 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1356914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nutritional deficiency occurs frequently during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid which is critical for protein synthesis, serves as the precursor for serotonin, melatonin, and kynurenine (Kyn). The imbalance between serotonin and kynurenine pathways in Trp metabolism is closely related to inflammation and depression. This study assessed the effects of Trp deficiency on mouse early pregnancy. Methods Embryo implantation and decidualization were analyzed after female mice had been fed diets containing 0.2% Trp (for the control group), 0.062% Trp (for the low Trp group) and 0% Trp (for the Trp-free group) for two months. The uteri of the mice were collected on days 4, 5, and 8 of pregnancy for further analysis. Results On day 8 of pregnancy, the number of implantation sites were found to be similar between the control and the low Trp groups. However, no implantation sites were detected in the Trp-free group. On day 5 of pregnancy, plane polarity- and decidualization-related molecules showed abnormal expression pattern in the Trp-free group. On day 4 of pregnancy, there was no significant difference in uterine receptivity molecules between the low-Trp group and the control group, but uterine receptivity was abnormal in the Trp-free group. At implantation sites of the Trp-free group, IDO and AHR levels were markedly elevated. This potentially increased levels of Kyn, 2-hydroxy estradiol, and 4-hydroxy estradiol to affect decidualization. Conclusions Trp-free diet may impair decidualization via the IDO-KYN-AHR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ting Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountain Region, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Feng Ran
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountain Region, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wen-Wen Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Kan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Chao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hui-Na Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountain Region, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Stimulated Interleukin-4-Induced-1 (IL4I1) Promotes Human Decidualization via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043163. [PMID: 36834576 PMCID: PMC9959871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decidualization is necessary for the successful establishment of early pregnancy in rodents and humans. Disturbed decidualization results in recurrent implantation failure, recurrent spontaneous abortion, and preeclampsia. Tryptophan (Trp), one of the essential amino acids in humans, has a positive effect on mammalian pregnancy. Interleukin 4-induced gene 1 (IL4I1) is a recently identified enzyme that can metabolize L-Trp to activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Although IDO1-catalyzed kynurenine (Kyn) from Trp has been shown to enhance human in vitro decidualization via activating AHR, whether IL4I1-catalyzed metabolites of Trp are involved in human decidualization is still unknown. In our study, human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates IL4I1 expression and secretion from human endometrial epithelial cells through ornithine decarboxylase-induced putrescine production. Either IL4I1-catalyzed indole-3-pyruvic acid (I3P) or its metabolite indole-3-aldehyde (I3A) from Trp is able to induce human in vitro decidualization by activating AHR. As a target gene of AHR, Epiregulin induced by I3P and I3A promotes human in vitro decidualization. Our study indicates that IL4I1-catalyzed metabolites from Trp can enhance human in vitro decidualization through AHR-Epiregulin pathway.
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4
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Morin SM, Majhi PD, Crisi GM, Gregory KJ, Franca R, Schalet B, Mason H, Casaubon JT, Cao QJ, Haddad S, Makari-Judson G, Jerry DJ, Schneider SS. Interindividual variation contributes to differential PCB 126 induced gene expression in primary breast epithelial cells and tissues. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113722. [PMID: 35724515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PCB 126 is a pervasive, dioxin-like chemical pollutant which can activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Despite being banned from the market, PCB 126 can be detected in breast milk to this day. The extent to which interindividual variation impacts the adverse responses to this chemical in the breast tissue remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of 3 nM PCB 126 on gene expression in a panel of genetically diverse benign human breast epithelial cell (HBEC) cultures and patient derived breast tissues. Six patient derived HBEC cultures were treated with 3 nM PCB 126. RNAseq was used to interrogate the impact of exposure on differential gene expression. Gene expression changes from the top critical pathways were confirmed via qRT-PCR in a larger panel of benign patient derived HBEC cultures, as well as in patient-derived breast tissue explant cultures. RNAseq analysis of HBEC cultures revealed a signature of 144 genes significantly altered by 3 nM PCB 126 treatment. Confirmation of 8 targets using a panel of 12 HBEC cultures and commercially available breast cell lines demonstrated that while the induction of canonical downstream target gene, CYP1A1, was consistent across our primary HBECs, other genes including AREG, S100A8, IL1A, IL1B, MMP7, and CCL28 exhibited significant variability across individuals. The dependence on the activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor was confirmed using inhibitors. PCB 126 can induce significant and consistent changes in gene expression associated with xenobiotic metabolism in benign breast epithelial cells. Although the induction of most genes was reliant on the AhR, significant variability was noted between genes and individuals. These data suggest that there is a bifurcation of the pathway following AhR activation that contributes to the variation in interindividual responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Morin
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, United States; Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Prabin Dhangada Majhi
- Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Giovanna M Crisi
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Pathology, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Kelly J Gregory
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Renata Franca
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Benjamin Schalet
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Surgery, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Holly Mason
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Surgery, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Jesse Thomas Casaubon
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Surgery, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Qing Jackie Cao
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Pathology, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Sandra Haddad
- Dept of Science, Bay Path University, Longmeadow, MA 01106, United States
| | - Grace Makari-Judson
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - D Joseph Jerry
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, United States; Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Sallie S Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, United States; Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School-Baystate, Department of Surgery, Springfield, MA 01199, United States.
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5
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Szychowski KA, Skóra B, Wójtowicz AK. Involvement of sirtuins (Sirt1 and Sirt3) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the effects of triclosan (TCS) on production of neurosteroids in primary mouse cortical neurons cultures. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 184:105131. [PMID: 35715069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown the presence of triclosan (TCS) in the brain due to its widespread use as an antibacterial ingredient. One of the confirmed mechanisms of its action is the interaction with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In nerve cells, sirtuins (Sirt1 and Sirt3) act as cellular sensors detecting energy availability and modulate metabolic processes. Moreover, it has been found that Sirt1 inhibits the activation of estrogen receptors, regulates the androgen receptor, and may interact with the AhR receptor. It is also known that Sirt3 stimulates the production of estradiol (E2) via the estradiol receptor β (Erβ). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of TCS alone or in combination with synthetic flavonoids on the production of neurosteroids such as progesterone (P4), testosterone (T), and E2 in primary neural cortical neurons in vitro. The contribution of Sirt1 and Sirt3 as well as AhR to these TCS-induced effects was investigated as well. The results of the experiments showed that both short and long exposure of neurons to TCS increased the expression of the Sirt1 and Sirt3 proteins in response to AhR stimulation. After an initial increase in the production of all tested neurosteroids, TCS acting for a longer time lowered their levels in the cells. This suggests that TCS activating AhR as well as Sirt1 and Sirt3 in short time intervals stimulates the levels of P4, T, and E2 in neurons, and then the amount of neurosteroids decreases despite the activation of AhR and the increase in the expression of the Sirt1 and Sirt3 proteins. The use of both the AhR agonist and antagonist prevented changes in the expression of Sirt1, Sirt3, and AhR and the production of P4, T, and E2, which confirmed that this receptor is a key in the mechanism of the TCS action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna K Wójtowicz
- Department of Nutrition, Animal Biotechnology and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, Adama Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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AhR/miR-23a-3p/PKCα axis contributes to memory deficits in ovariectomized and normal aging female mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:79-91. [PMID: 33738140 PMCID: PMC7940705 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of estrogen deficiency-induced cognitive impairment is still not fully elucidated. In this study, we assessed the effect of microRNA (miRNA) on the memory of long-term estrogen-deficient mice after ovariectomy (OVX) and normal aging. We observed that 5-month OVX and 22-month-old normal aging female mice showed significantly impaired spatial and object recognition memory, declined hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), and decreased hippocampal protein kinase C α (PKCα) protein. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed upregulated miRNA-23a-3p (miR-23a-3p) in the hippocampus of 5-month OVX and 22-month-old female mice. In vitro, overexpression of miR-23a-3p downregulated PKCα by binding the 3¢ UTRs of Prkca mRNAs, which was prevented by its antisense oligonucleotide AMO-23a. In vivo, adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of miR-23a-3p (AAV-pre-miR-23a-3p) suppressed hippocampal PKCα and impaired the memory of mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) binds the promoter region of miR-23a-3p. The AhR-dependent downregulation of PKCα could be prevented by AMO-23a as well. Furthermore, knockdown of miR-23a-3p using AAV-AMO-23a rescued the cognitive and electrophysiological impairments of OVX and normal aging female mice. We conclude that long-term estrogen deficiency impairs cognition and hippocampal LTP by activating the AhR/miR-23a-3p/PKCα axis. The knockdown of miR-23a-3p may be a potentially valuable therapeutic strategy for estrogen deficiency-induced memory deficits.
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7
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The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Undergoes Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041654. [PMID: 33562118 PMCID: PMC7914569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated signaling molecule expressed in many cell types, including triple-negative and non-triple-negative breast cancer cells. It affects breast cancer growth and crosstalk with estrogen receptor signaling. Normally, this receptor is degraded shortly after ligand activation via the 26S proteasome. Here, we report that AHR undergoes chaperone-mediated autophagy in MDA-MB-468 triple-negative breast cancer cells. This lysosomal degradation of AHR exhibits the following characteristics: (1) it is triggered by 6 amino-nicotinamide, starvation, and piperazinylpyrimidine compound Q18; (2) it is not observed in non-triple-negative breast cancer cells (MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-361); (3) it can be inhibited by progesterone receptor B but not estrogen receptor alpha; (4) it can be reversed by chloroquine but not MG132; (5) it requires LAMP2A; and (6) it involves AHR-HSC70 and AHR-LAMP2A interactions. The NEKFF sequence localized at amino acid 558 of human AHR appears to be a KFERQ-like motif of chaperone-mediated autophagy, responsible for the LAMP2A-mediated AHR protein degradation.
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8
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Yang SL, Tan HX, Niu TT, Li DJ, Wang HY, Li MQ. Kynurenine promotes the cytotoxicity of NK cells through aryl hydrocarbon receptor in early pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 143:103270. [PMID: 33421663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During early pregnancy, decidual NK (dNK) cells play indispensable roles in many processes including the decidualization, the implantation, and the maintenance of immune tolerance. Abnormal cytotoxic activity of NK cells can cause recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), while the regulatory mechanism of NK cytotoxicity remains to be unclear. In this study, we found that kynurenine in decidua and villus was in a comparable level between patients with RSA and normal pregnancy women. However, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in decidual NK cells was significantly increased in RSA. Compared with AhR- NK cells, cytotoxic activity-related molecules (NKP30, NKP46, NKG2D, perforin, granzyme B and IFN-γ) was highly expressed in both AhR+ peripheral and decidual NK cells, and kynurenine stimulation promoted the expression of killer receptors and the cytoplasmic granules in an AhR-dependent manner. Stimulation with TNF-α, IL-β and LPS upregulated the AhR expression in dNK cells in vitro. These results indicate that kyn/AhR signal enhances the cytotoxicity of NK cells, and increased expression of AhR may be an induction factor of RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Liang Yang
- Department of Gynecology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xia Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhangye People's Hospital of HeXi College, Zhangye, Gansu, 734000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Tian Niu
- Department of Gynecology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Department of Gynecology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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9
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van den Brand AD, Rubinstein E, de Jong PC, van den Berg M, van Duursen M. Assessing anti-estrogenic effects of AHR ligands in primary human and rat endometrial epithelial cells. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:202-208. [PMID: 32668270 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Unopposed estrogenic action in the uterus can lead to the development of endometrial cancer in both humans and rats. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation gives rise to anti-estrogenic actions and may consequently reduce the development of endometrial cancer. In this study, the anti-estrogenic potential of the AHR ligands 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and DELAQ, a metabolite of the pharmaceutical laquinimod, was assessed in in primary human and rat endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) with and without co-exposure to endogenous hormones. In human EECs, estradiol and progesterone did not affect AHR gene expression, but in rat EECs, progesterone decreased Ahre xpression (1.4-fold). In accordance, AHR-mediated induction of Cyp1a1/1b1 expression by DELAQ and TCDD decreased in hormone-treated rat EECs. DELAQ was 22-fold more potent than TCDD in human EECs in inducing CYP1A1/1B1 gene expression, while DELAQ was approximately 16-33-fold less potent than TCDD in rat EECs. In human EECs, 10 nM DELAQ decreased estradiol-induced expression of growth-regulated estrogen receptor binding 1 (GREB1) by 1.8-fold. In rat EECs, both DELAQ and TCDD did not affect the expression of estradiol-induced genes. This study shows that AHR ligand DELAQ, but not TCDD, causes anti-estrogenic effects in primary human EECs. Furthermore, although AHR-mediated CYP1A1/1B1/Cyp1a1/1b1 induction by DELAQ and TCDD was stronger in rat EECs than human EECs, this did not result in apparent anti-estrogenic effects in the rat cells. This study shows that primary human and rat endometrial cells respond differently towards hormones and AHR ligands. This should be considered in human risk assessment based on rodent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D van den Brand
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - E Rubinstein
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Netanya, Israel
| | - P C de Jong
- St. Antonius Hospital, Internal Medicine, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - M van den Berg
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mbm van Duursen
- Environmental Health & Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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10
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van den Brand AD, Rubinstein E, de Jong PC, van den Berg M, van Duursen MBM. Primary endometrial 3D co-cultures: A comparison between human and rat endometrium. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 194:105458. [PMID: 31465845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human and rat reproductive systems differ significantly with respect to hormonal cyclicity and endometrial cell behavior. However, species-differences in endometrial cell responses upon hormonal stimulation and exposure to potentially toxic compounds are poorly characterized. In this study, human and rat endometrial hormonal responses were assessed in vitro using a 3D co-culture model of primary human and rat endometrial cells. The models were exposed to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), laquinimod, and its AHR active metabolite DELAQ. In both the human and rat endometrial models, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor gene expression was modulated by the hormonal treatments, comparable to the in vivo situation. AHR gene expression in the human endometrial model did not change when exposed to hormones. In contrast, AHR expression decreased 2-fold in the rat model when exposed to predominantly progesterone, which resulted in a 2.8-fold attenuation of gene expression induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) by TCDD. TCDD and DELAQ, but not laquinimod, concentration-dependently induced CYP1A1 gene expression in both human and rat endometrial models. Interestingly, the relative degree of DELAQ to induce CYP1A1 was higher than that of TCDD in the human model, while it was lower in the rat model. These data clearly show species-differences in response to hormones and AHR ligands between human and rat endometrial cells in vitro, which might greatly affect the applicability of the rat as translational model for human endometrial effects. This warrants further development of human relevant, endometrium-specific test methods for risk assessment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D van den Brand
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - E Rubinstein
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel
| | - P C de Jong
- St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - M van den Berg
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M B M van Duursen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Piccinni MP, Lombardelli L, Logiodice F, Kullolli O, Maggi E, Barkley MS. Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Decreases Th1, Th17, and Increases Th22 Responses via AHR Signaling Which Could Affect Susceptibility to Infections and Inflammatory Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:642. [PMID: 31001262 PMCID: PMC6456711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), was used in a novel study to determine progestin effects on human purified macrophages and Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22 cells. MPA concentrations were equivalent to those in the serum of women after 6 and 9 months of progestin use. MPA has no effect on the proliferation of PBMCs and CD4+ T cell clones induced by immobilized anti-CD3 antibodies or by antigen (streptokinase). However, MPA decreases production and mRNA expression of IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, T-bet, RORC, and IL-17A but increases production and mRNA expression of IL-22 by CD4+ Th22 cell clones and decreases IL-22 production by Th17 cells. MPA inhibits RORC, but not T-bet and AHR, by Th17 cells but increases AHR mRNA and T-bet expression of established CD4+ Th22 cell clones. This suggests that MPA, at concentrations equivalent to those found in the serum of women after treatment for contraception and hormone replacement therapy, can directly inhibit Th1 responses (against intracellular bacteria and viruses), Th17 (against extracellular bacteria and fungi), Th2 (against parasites) but MPA therapy increases IL-22 produced by Th22 cells mediated by an increased expression of AHR and T-bet controlling inflammation. MPA could be responsible for the tissue damage limited by IL-22 in absence of IL-17A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Piccinni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education DENOTHE of the University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Letizia Lombardelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education DENOTHE of the University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Logiodice
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education DENOTHE of the University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ornela Kullolli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education DENOTHE of the University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education DENOTHE of the University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Immunology Area, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marylynn S Barkley
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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12
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Teixeira CJ, Ribeiro LM, Veras K, da Cunha Araujo LC, Curi R, de Oliveira Carvalho CR. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation is not beneficial in the late postmenopausal period in diet-induced obese rats. Life Sci 2018; 202:110-116. [PMID: 29601891 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an adrenal steroid hormone that is a precursor of sexual hormones. It is reduced during aging and is strongly associated with insulin resistance and obesity. There is evidence for beneficial effects of this steroid, in both human and animal models, during perimenopause. However, the impact of DHEA treatment during late postmenopause on glucose metabolism is not clearly documented. We tested the hypothesis that DHEA supplementation could improve insulin sensitivity in an ovariectomized obese rat model (OVX) that was fed a high-fat diet for 11 weeks. MAIN METHODS Female Wistar rats at 8 weeks of age were OVX or SHAM-operated. Eight weeks after the surgery, the animals were randomly treated with vehicle or DHEA for 3 weeks. Food intake, metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS Following the ovariectomy, increased body weight gain, adiposity index, and feeding efficiency were observed, despite there being no change in food and energy intake. The OVX rats also displayed glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, decreased insulin-induced IRS1/2 tyrosine phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle, and reduced serum VLDL-c and TAG levels. OVX rats treated with 10 mg/kg DHEA (OVX + DHEA) exhibited estradiol (E2) serum levels similar to SHAM animals, with no change in uterus mass. DHEA treatment also resulted in an increase in energy intake. SIGNIFICANCE Despite the positive effects of DHEA supplementation observed in menopausal women and ovariectomized rats, a potential negative effect on glucose metabolism and insulin action in the late postmenopausal condition in diet-induced obese OVX rats are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Jordão Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Sao Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciene Maria Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Sao Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Katherine Veras
- Department of Nutrition, University of Mogi das Cruzes, 200 Dr. Cândido X. A. Souza Ave., Sao Paulo 08780-911, SP, Brazil
| | - Layanne Cabral da Cunha Araujo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Sao Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, 868 Galvao Bueno, Sao Paulo 01506-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Roberta de Oliveira Carvalho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524 Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB 1, Sao Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Keiler AM, Macejova D, Dietz BM, Bolton JL, Pauli GF, Chen SN, van Breemen RB, Nikolic D, Goerl F, Muders MH, Zierau O, Vollmer G. Evaluation of estrogenic potency of a standardized hops extract on mammary gland biology and on MNU-induced mammary tumor growth in rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:234-241. [PMID: 28964928 PMCID: PMC5760272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Supplements with estrogenic activities are intensively investigated as potential alternatives for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. These investigations include studies on their safety regarding potential breast cancer risks. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether or not a standardized hops (Humulus lupulus) extract, containing 0.42% of the estrogenic flavanone, 8-prenylnaringenin, would stimulate growth of methyl-nitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary cancer in ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats or would impact on the proliferative activity within the normal mammary gland of Wistar rats. To induce tumorigenesis SD-rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 50mg/kg body weight of MNU on postnatal days PND 50 and 52. 28days later animals were OVX or were SHAM operated (positive control) and randomly allocated and maintained for 140days on either a phytoestrogen-free placebo diet (SHAM and negative control) or on the hops fortified diet. For the investigations in the normal mammary gland young adult Wistar rats were bilaterally OVX and randomly allocated to a control group fed to a phytoestrogen-free diet, or to a diet supplemented either with E2-benzoate or the hops extract. As a major result, the tumor incidence was 15% (3 tumors totally) in OVX controls, whereas it was 85% (39 tumors totally) in SHAM operated positive controls. No tumors were detectable in the hops group. In addition, no estrogenic activity of the hops extract was detectable in uterus and liver of these animals. In investigations on the normal mammary gland, no impact of hops extract on the expression of estrogen dependent proliferation markers or of progesterone receptor became apparent. In conclusion, the lack of growth stimulation of MNU-induced breast cancer in OVX SD-rats and the lack of stimulation proliferative events in the normal mammary gland of OVX Wistar rats by standardized hops extracts provides an important piece of evidence regarding the safety of these extracts in the management of menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekathrin M Keiler
- Chair for Molecular Cell Physiology & Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Institute for Doping Analytics and Sports Biochemistry Dresden (IDAS), Dresdner Str. 12, 01731 Kreischa, Germany
| | - Dana Macejova
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Birgit M Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judy L Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Florian Goerl
- Institute for Pathology, 01454 Radeberg, Germany; Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael H Muders
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Chair for Molecular Cell Physiology & Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter Vollmer
- Chair for Molecular Cell Physiology & Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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14
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Ayala EME, Aragón MA. Effect of sexual steroids on boar kinematic sperm subpopulations. Cytometry A 2017; 91:1096-1103. [PMID: 28940889 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show the effects of sexual steroids, progesterone, testosterone, or estradiol on motility parameters of boar sperm. Sixteen commercial seminal doses, four each of four adult boars, were analyzed using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Mean values of motility parameters were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate statistics. Principal component analysis (PCA), followed by hierarchical clustering, was applied on data of motility parameters, provided automatically as intervals by the CASA system. Effects of sexual steroids were described in the kinematic subpopulations identified from multivariate statistics. Mean values of motility parameters were not significantly changed after addition of sexual steroids. Multivariate graphics showed that sperm subpopulations were not sensitive to the addition of either testosterone or estradiol, but sperm subpopulations responsive to progesterone were found. Distribution of motility parameters were wide in controls but sharpened at distinct concentrations of progesterone. We conclude that kinematic sperm subpopulations responsive to progesterone are present in boar semen, and these subpopulations are masked in evaluations of mean values of motility parameters. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M E Ayala
- Laboratorio de Pubertad, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM. AP 9-020, Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Distrito Federal, CP 15000, México
| | - M A Aragón
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, C.P. 54090, México
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15
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Fan H, Su X, Yang B, Zhao A. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and unexplained miscarriage. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2017; 43:1029-1036. [PMID: 28503784 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to carry out a preliminary investigation of the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in decidua and villus and the relationship between AhR and unexplained miscarriage. METHODS The expression of AhR mRNA and protein from decidua and villus were measured using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot and immunohistochemistry in 34 patients with unexplained miscarriage (miscarriage group) and 38 women with normal early pregnancy (control group). RESULTS The AhR mRNA and protein expression was increased significantly in the villus in both groups compared with decidua (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). In decidua, AhR mRNA and protein expression in the miscarriage group was increased significantly compared with the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). In villus, AhR mRNA and protein expression in the miscarriage group was increased significantly compared with the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). AhR is expressed mostly in the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblasts in villus, and also in the cytoplasm of decidual cells. CONCLUSIONS AhR was expressed more in the villus than in the decidua, and the upregulation of AhR mRNA and protein expression is associated with the pathogenesis of unexplained miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binlie Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Aimin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Brauze D, Zawierucha P, Kiwerska K, Bednarek K, Oleszak M, Rydzanicz M, Jarmuz-Szymczak M. Induction of expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent genes in human HepaRG cell line modified by shRNA and treated with β-naphthoflavone. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 425:59-75. [PMID: 27796684 PMCID: PMC5225230 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2862-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates a variety of biological responses to ubiquitous environmental pollutants. In this study, the effects of administration of β-naphthoflavone (BNF), a potent AhR ligand, on the expression of AhR-dependent genes were examined by microarray and qPCR analysis in both, differentiated and undifferentiated HepaRG cell lines. To prove that BNF-induced changes of investigated genes were indeed AhR-dependent, we knock down the expression of AhR by stable transfection of HepaRG cells with shRNA. Regardless of genetical identity, our results clearly demonstrate different expression profiles of AhR-dependent genes between differentiated and undifferentiated HepaRG cells. Genes involved in metabolism of xenobiotics constitute only minute fraction of all genes regulated by AhR in HepaRG cells. Participation of AhR in induction of expression of genes associated with regulation of apoptosis or involved in cell proliferation as well as AhR-dependent inhibition of genes connected to cell adhesion could support suggestion of involvement of AhR not only in initiation but also in progression of carcinogenesis. Among the AhR-dependent genes known to be involved in metabolism of xenobiotics, cytochromes P4501A1 and 1B1 belong to the most inducible by BNF. On the contrary, expression of GSTA1 and GSTA2 was significantly inhibited after BNF treatment of HepaRG cells. Among the AhR-dependent genes that are not involved in metabolism of xenobiotics SERPINB2, STC2, ARL4C, and TIPARP belong to the most inducible by BNF. Our results imply involvement of Ah receptor in regulation of CYP19A1, the gene-encoding aromatase, and an enzyme responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Brauze
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Piotr Zawierucha
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Anatomy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kiwerska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kinga Bednarek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Oleszak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Rydzanicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 3c, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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