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Grenier A, Morissette MC, Rochette PJ, Pouliot R. Toxic Interaction Between Solar Radiation and Cigarette Smoke on Primary Human Keratinocytes. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:1258-1268. [PMID: 36537030 DOI: 10.1111/php.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Solar radiation and cigarette smoke are two environmental risk factors known to affect skin integrity. Although the toxic effects of these factors on skin have been widely studied separately, few studies have focused on their interaction. The objective of this study was to evaluate and understand the synergistic harmful effects of cigarette smoke and solar rays on human primary keratinocytes. The keratinocytes were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and then irradiated with a solar simulator light (SSL). The viability, as determined by measuring metabolic activity of skin cells, and the levels of global reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated after exposure to CSE and SSL. The combination of 3% CSE with 29 kJ m-2 UVA caused a decrease of 81% in cell viability, while with 10% to 20% CSE, the cell viability was null. This phototoxicity was accompanied by an increase in singlet oxygen but a decrease in type I ROS when CSE and SSL were combined in vitro. Surprisingly, an increase in the CSE's total antioxidant capacity was also observed. These results suggest a synergy between the two environmental factors in their effect on skin cells, and more precisely a phototoxicity causing a drastic decrease in cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexe Grenier
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu C Morissette
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick J Rochette
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d'ophtalmologie et ORL-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Weistenhöfer W, Lutz R, Hiller J, Schmitz-Spanke S, Drexler H. Syncarcinogenesis of natural UV radiation and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the development of squamous cell carcinomas of the skin? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:1179-1186. [PMID: 36075872 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the skin can be induced by occupational exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as in tar and soot, or to UV radiation and can be recognized and compensated as occupational diseases. A possible syncarcinogenic effect of these exposures in the development of SCC in humans is under discussion. For the scientific validation of this question, a systematic literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies on individuals with SCC of the skin and their precursors as well as occupational, non-occupational, or therapeutic exposure to UV radiation and PAHs were selected. In addition, animal studies with exposure to UV radiation and PAHs were evaluated. After screening the abstracts of 510 identified studies, the full texts of 131 studies were reviewed. None of the epidemiological studies provided robust evidence for a syncarcinogenesis of PAHs and UV radiation in the development of SCC of the skin in humans. Nevertheless, as there are indications for a (super-)additive effect of UV radiation and PAH exposure from animal studies and mechanistic investigations, syncarcinogenesis seems possible. However, quantitative dose-response relationships are lacking which would allow comparison of the onset of an adverse effect between the different exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wobbeke Weistenhöfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Lutz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Hiller
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Schmitz-Spanke
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans Drexler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Erlangen, Germany
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Weistenhöfer W, Lutz R, Hiller J, Schmitz-Spanke S, Drexler H. Synkanzerogenese von natürlicher UV-Strahlung und polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen bei der Entstehung von Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Haut? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:1179-1186. [PMID: 36162018 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14818_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wobbeke Weistenhöfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Erlangen
| | - Regina Lutz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Erlangen
| | - Julia Hiller
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Erlangen
| | - Simone Schmitz-Spanke
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Erlangen
| | - Hans Drexler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Erlangen
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Lin YC, Fang YP, Hung CF, Yu HP, Alalaiwe A, Wu ZY, Fang JY. Multifunctional TiO 2/SBA-15 mesoporous silica hybrids loaded with organic sunscreens for skin application: The role in photoprotection and pollutant adsorption with reduced sunscreen permeation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 202:111658. [PMID: 33677134 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 acts as an inorganic sunscreen and photocatalyst to protect humans from environmental pollutants. We incorporated TiO2 into mesoporous silica (SBA-15) for skin application to prevent environmental stresses including UVA irradiation and pollutant invasion. Organic ultraviolet (UV)A filters such as avobenzone and oxybenzone were then loaded into mesoporous support for synergistic sunscreen efficiency. The as-prepared formulations with different TiO2 amounts (10 %-50 %) were fabricated. The pore size decreased from 4.72 to 4.00 nm following the increase in TiO2 percentage. TiO2/SBA-15 captured about 60 % fluoranthene and 80 % furfural within 3 h with no significant difference due to different TiO2 content. The in vitro photoprotection assessed by UVA/UVB ratio exhibited the increase in Boots star rating from 2 to 3 to 5 by entrapment of avobenzone into TiO2/SBA-15. Thirty-percent TiO2/SBA-15 in hydrogel decreased avobenzone and oxybenzone deposition by 70 % and 80 % compared to free form, respectively. Avobenzone and TiO2 supplementation to SBA-15 significantly alleviated skin cell death and neutrophil recruitment in the photoaged mouse skin compared to the SBA-15 application alone. Compared to the UVA-irradiated skin, 30 % TiO2/SBA-15 showed a 2.5- and 3.1-fold decline in IL-1β and IL-6 levels, respectively. The TiO2/SBA-15 hybrid was considered non-irritant based on results of cytotoxicity assay, skin histology, and cutaneous barrier function. Our data indicate that the versatile mesoporous silica is an effective system for topical use in sunscreen and skin protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chih Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Fang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Regenerative Medical and Cell Therapy Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Master Program in Transdisciplinary Long Term Care, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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