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Shalaby AM, Hassan SMA, Abdelnour HM, Alnasser SM, Alorini M, Jaber FA, Alabiad MA, Abdullatif A, Elshaer MMA, Aziz SAMA, Abdelghany EMA. Ameliorative Potential of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Versus Prednisolone in a Rat Model of Lung Fibrosis: A Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Biochemical Study. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2024; 30:539-551. [PMID: 38758132 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease of unknown origin with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. The encouraging findings from preclinical investigations utilizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) indicated that they could serve as a promising therapeutic alternative for managing chronic lung conditions, such as IPF. The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) versus prednisolone, the standard anti-inflammatory medication, in rats with bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis. Four groups were created: a control group, a BLM group, a prednisolone-treated group, and a BM-MSCs-treated group. To induce lung fibrosis, 5 mg/kg of BLM was administered intratracheally. BLM significantly increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. The disturbed lung structure was also revealed by light and transmission electron microscopic studies. Upregulation in the immune expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor beta-1, and Bax was demonstrated. Interestingly, all findings significantly regressed on treatment with prednisolone and BM-MSCs. However, treatment with BM-MSCs showed better results than with prednisolone. In conclusion, BM-MSCs could be a promising approach for managing lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Mohamed Shalaby
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Mohamed Abdelfattah Hassan
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koum 32511, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Aseer 61961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanim Magdy Abdelnour
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519Egypt
| | - Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alorini
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima A Jaber
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ali Alabiad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Abdullatif
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | | | - Eman M A Abdelghany
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Gao Y, Liu MF, Li Y, Liu X, Cao YJ, Long QF, Yu J, Li JY. Mesenchymal stem cells-extracellular vesicles alleviate pulmonary fibrosis by regulating immunomodulators. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:670-689. [PMID: 38948098 PMCID: PMC11212550 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i6.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix formation, causing structural damage and lung failure. Stem cell therapy and mesenchymal stem cells-extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) offer new hope for PF treatment. AIM To investigate the therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs in alleviating fibrosis, oxidative stress, and immune inflammation in A549 cells and bleomycin (BLM)-induced mouse model. METHODS The effect of MSC-EVs on A549 cells was assessed by fibrosis markers [collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), oxidative stress regulators [nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and inflammatory regulators [nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-2]. Similarly, they were assessed in the lungs of mice where PF was induced by BLM after MSC-EV transfection. MSC-EVs ion PF mice were detected by pathological staining and western blot. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to investigate the effects of the MSC-EVs on gene expression profiles of macrophages after modeling in mice. RESULTS Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 enhanced fibrosis in A549 cells, significantly increasing collagen I and α-SMA levels. Notably, treatment with MSC-EVs demonstrated a remarkable alleviation of these effects. Similarly, the expression of oxidative stress regulators, such as Nrf2 and HO-1, along with inflammatory regulators, including NF-κB p65 and IL-1β, were mitigated by MSC-EV treatment. Furthermore, in a parallel manner, MSC-EVs exhibited a downregulatory impact on collagen deposition, oxidative stress injuries, and inflammatory-related cytokines in the lungs of mice with PF. Additionally, the mRNA sequencing results suggested that BLM may induce PF in mice by upregulating pulmonary collagen fiber deposition and triggering an immune inflammatory response. The findings collectively highlight the potential therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs in ameliorating fibrotic processes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses associated with PF. CONCLUSION MSC-EVs could ameliorate fibrosis in vitro and in vivo by downregulating collagen deposition, oxidative stress, and immune-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mei-Fang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan), Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Jie Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qian-Fa Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Ying Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Gao Y, Liu MF, Li Y, Liu X, Cao YJ, Long QF, Yu J, Li JY. Mesenchymal stem cells-extracellular vesicles alleviate pulmonary fibrosis by regulating immunomodulators. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:669-688. [DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i6.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix formation, causing structural damage and lung failure. Stem cell therapy and mesenchymal stem cells-extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) offer new hope for PF treatment.
AIM To investigate the therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs in alleviating fibrosis, oxidative stress, and immune inflammation in A549 cells and bleomycin (BLM)-induced mouse model.
METHODS The effect of MSC-EVs on A549 cells was assessed by fibrosis markers [collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), oxidative stress regulators [nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and inflammatory regulators [nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-2]. Similarly, they were assessed in the lungs of mice where PF was induced by BLM after MSC-EV transfection. MSC-EVs ion PF mice were detected by pathological staining and western blot. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to investigate the effects of the MSC-EVs on gene expression profiles of macrophages after modeling in mice.
RESULTS Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 enhanced fibrosis in A549 cells, significantly increasing collagen I and α-SMA levels. Notably, treatment with MSC-EVs demonstrated a remarkable alleviation of these effects. Similarly, the expression of oxidative stress regulators, such as Nrf2 and HO-1, along with inflammatory regulators, including NF-κB p65 and IL-1β, were mitigated by MSC-EV treatment. Furthermore, in a parallel manner, MSC-EVs exhibited a downregulatory impact on collagen deposition, oxidative stress injuries, and inflammatory-related cytokines in the lungs of mice with PF. Additionally, the mRNA sequencing results suggested that BLM may induce PF in mice by upregulating pulmonary collagen fiber deposition and triggering an immune inflammatory response. The findings collectively highlight the potential therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs in ameliorating fibrotic processes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses associated with PF.
CONCLUSION MSC-EVs could ameliorate fibrosis in vitro and in vivo by downregulating collagen deposition, oxidative stress, and immune-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mei-Fang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan), Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Jie Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qian-Fa Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Emergency, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Ying Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
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Cristian RE, Balta C, Herman H, Ciceu A, Trica B, Sbarcea BG, Miutescu E, Hermenean A, Dinischiotu A, Stan MS. Exploring In Vivo Pulmonary and Splenic Toxicity Profiles of Silicon Quantum Dots in Mice. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2778. [PMID: 38894040 PMCID: PMC11173407 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Silicon-based quantum dots (SiQDs) represent a special class of nanoparticles due to their low toxicity and easily modifiable surface properties. For this reason, they are used in applications such as bioimaging, fluorescent labeling, drug delivery, protein detection techniques, and tissue engineering despite a serious lack of information on possible in vivo effects. The present study aimed to characterize and evaluate the in vivo toxicity of SiQDs obtained by laser ablation in the lung and spleen of mice. The particles were administered in three different doses (1, 10, and 100 mg QDs/kg of body weight) by intravenous injection into the caudal vein of Swiss mice. After 1, 6, 24, and 72 h, the animals were euthanized, and the lung and spleen tissues were harvested for the evaluation of antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, protein expression, and epigenetic and morphological changes. The obtained results highlighted a low toxicity in pulmonary and splenic tissues for concentrations up to 10 mg SiQDs/kg body, demonstrated by biochemical and histopathological analysis. Therefore, our study brings new experimental evidence on the biocompatibility of this type of QD, suggesting the possibility of expanding research on the biomedical applications of SiQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana-Elena Cristian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-E.C.); (A.H.); (M.S.S.)
- DANUBIUS Department, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cornel Balta
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania; (C.B.); (H.H.); (A.C.)
| | - Hildegard Herman
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania; (C.B.); (H.H.); (A.C.)
| | - Alina Ciceu
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania; (C.B.); (H.H.); (A.C.)
| | - Bogdan Trica
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry (INCDCP-ICECHIM), 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Beatrice G. Sbarcea
- Materials Characterization Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Electrical Engineering (ICPE-CA), 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Eftimie Miutescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania;
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-E.C.); (A.H.); (M.S.S.)
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414 Arad, Romania; (C.B.); (H.H.); (A.C.)
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-E.C.); (A.H.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Miruna S. Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (R.-E.C.); (A.H.); (M.S.S.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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5
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Sweed NM, Zaafan MA, El-Bishbishy MH, Dawoud MHS. The pulmonary protective potential of vanillic acid-loaded TPGS-liposomes: modulation of miR-217/MAPK/NF-κb signalling pathway. J Microencapsul 2024; 41:255-268. [PMID: 38647544 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2335166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The aim is to investigate the possible pulmonary protective effect of vanillic acid (VA) in liposome-TPGS nanoparticles, to overcome VA's poor bioavailability. VA was successfully extracted. Liposomes were prepared using thin film hydration. Central composite design was adopted for optimisation of liposomes to get the maximum entrapment efficiency (EE%) and the minimum mean diameter, where the liposomes were further modified with TPGS, and tested for PDI, zeta-potential, and in-vitro drug release. In-vivo study on mice with LPS-acute pulmonary toxicity was tested. TPGS-modified VA-liposomes showed EE% of 69.35 ± 1.23%, PS of 201.7 ± 3.23 nm, PDI of 0.19 ± 0.02, and zeta-potential of -32.2 ± 0.32 mv. A sustained drug release of the TPGS-modified VA-liposomes was observed compared to standard VA, and a pulmonary-protective effect through decreasing miR-217 expression with subsequent anti-inflammatory effect through suppression of MAPK and PI3K/NF-κB pathways was also demonstrated in the current study. TPGS-modified VA-liposomes showed an enhanced bioavailability and a sustained drug release with promising pulmonary protective effects against acute pulmonary injury diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila M Sweed
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6 October, Egypt
| | - Mai A Zaafan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6 October, Egypt
| | - Mahitab H El-Bishbishy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6 October, Egypt
| | - Marwa H S Dawoud
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6 October, Egypt
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6
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Li A, Wu S, Li Q, Wang Q, Chen Y. Elucidating the Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Interventions of Gaseous Mediators in the Context of Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:515. [PMID: 38790620 PMCID: PMC11117599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a pathological alteration of the repair response, involves continuous organ damage, scar formation, and eventual functional failure in various chronic inflammatory disorders. Unfortunately, clinical practice offers limited treatment strategies, leading to high mortality rates in chronic diseases. As part of investigations into gaseous mediators, or gasotransmitters, including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), numerous studies have confirmed their beneficial roles in attenuating fibrosis. Their therapeutic mechanisms, which involve inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation, have been increasingly elucidated. Additionally, novel gasotransmitters like hydrogen (H2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) have emerged as promising options for fibrosis treatment. In this review, we primarily demonstrate and summarize the protective and therapeutic effects of gaseous mediators in the process of fibrosis, with a focus on elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in combating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aohan Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qian Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center for The Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Yingqing Chen
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center for The Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
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Eissa RG, Eissa NG, Eissa RA, Diab NH, Abdelshafi NA, Shaheen MA, Elsabahy M, Hammad SK. Oral proniosomal amitriptyline and liraglutide for management of diabetic neuropathy: Exceptional control over hyperglycemia and neuropathic pain. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123549. [PMID: 37890645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation of nanocarriers provides a compartment for enclosing drugs to protect them from degradation and potentiate their therapeutic efficiency. In the current study, amitriptyline- and liraglutide-loaded proniosomes were constructed for management of diabetic neuropathy, a serious complication associated with diabetes, that triggers spontaneous pain in patients and results in impaired quality of life. The developed therapeutic proniosomes were extensively characterized via dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. High entrapment efficiency could be attained for both drugs in the proniosomes, and the reconstituted amitriptyline- and liraglutide-loaded niosomes possessed spherical morphology and particle sizes of 585.3 nm and 864.4 nm, respectively. In a diabetic neuropathy rat model, oral administration of the developed amitriptyline- and liraglutide-loaded proniosomes significantly controlled blood glucose levels, reduced neuropathic pain, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, and improved histological structure of the sciatic nerve as compared to the oral and subcutaneous administration of amitriptyline and liraglutide, respectively. Loading of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline and the antidiabetic peptide liraglutide into proniosomes resulted in exceptional control over hyperglycemia and neuropathic pain, and thus could provide an auspicious delivery system for management of neuropathic pain and control of blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana G Eissa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Noura G Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Rana A Eissa
- Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Nadeen H Diab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Nahla A Abdelshafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shaheen
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Sally K Hammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Scheuermann K, Viana CTR, Dos Reis DC, de Lazari MGT, Orellano LAA, Machado CT, Dos Santos LCC, Ulrich H, Capettini LSA, Andrade SP, Campos PP. Amitriptyline efficacy in decreasing implant-induced foreign body reaction. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:732-742. [PMID: 37086464 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Beyond its actions on the nervous system, amitriptyline (AM) has been shown to lower inflammatory, angiogenic, and fibrogenic markers in a few pathological conditions in human and in experimental animal models. However, its effects on foreign body reaction (FBR), a complex adverse healing process, after biomedical material implantation are not known. We have evaluated the effects of AM on the angiogenic and fibrogenic components on a model of implant-induced FBR. Sponge disks were implanted subcutaneously in C57BL/6 mice, that were treated daily with oral administration of AM (5 mg/kg) for seven consecutive days in two protocols: treatment was started on the day of surgery and the implants were removed on the seventh day after implantation and treatment started 7 days after implantation and the implants removed 14 after implantation. None of the angiogenic (vessels, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or fibrogenic parameters (collagen, TGF-β, and fibrous capsule) and giant cell numbers analyzed were attenuated by AM in 7-day-old implants. However, AM was able to downregulate angiogenesis and FBR in 14-day-old implants. The effects of AM described here expands its range of actions as a potential agent capable of attenuating fibroproliferative processes that may impair functionality of implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Scheuermann
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Celso Tarso Rodrigues Viana
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Carlos Dos Reis
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Alejandra Ariza Orellano
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clara Tolentino Machado
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Passos Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Peixoto Campos
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Mina S, Elfeky DM, Kabel AM, Hedya SE. Ameliorative Potential of Donepezil with or without Prednisolone in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats: Involvement of the Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and the Antifibrotic Pathways. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050980. [PMID: 37241212 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is one of the serious complications that may limit the use of bleomycin in cancer therapy. To date, there is no effective remedy for the amelioration of this condition. Donepezil, an anti-Alzheimer's medication, has recently been proven to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifibrotic effects. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first study designed to investigate the prophylactic effects of donepezil, either alone or in combination with the classic anti-inflammatory drug prednisolone, in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: This study was carried out on fifty rats, which were divided into five equal groups: control (Saline) group; bleomycin group; bleomycin + prednisolone group; bleomycin + donepezil group; and bleomycin + prednisolone + donepezil group. At the end of the experiments, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to evaluate the total and differential leucocytic counts. The right lung was processed to assess the oxidative stress markers, proinflammatory cytokines, NLRP3 inflammasome, and transforming growth factor-beta1. The left lung was subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Results: The administration of donepezil and/or prednisolone induced a significant amelioration of oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. In addition, these animals showed a significant amelioration of the histopathological changes of fibrosis, together with a significant decline in nuclear factor kappa B (p65) immunoexpression, compared to the group treated with bleomycin alone. However, the rats treated with the donepezil/prednisolone combination showed non-significant effects on the aforementioned parameters compared to the group treated with prednisolone alone. Conclusions: Donepezil may emerge as a promising drug that shows significant prophylactic effects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shery Mina
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Dina M Elfeky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Kabel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- National Committee of Drugs, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Ministry of Higher Education, Cairo 11694, Egypt
| | - Sabeha E Hedya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Dorababu A, Maraswami M. Recent Advances (2015-2020) in Drug Discovery for Attenuation of Pulmonary Fibrosis and COPD. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093674. [PMID: 37175084 PMCID: PMC10179756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A condition of scarring of lung tissue due to a wide range of causes (such as environmental pollution, cigarette smoking (CS), lung diseases, some medications, etc.) has been reported as pulmonary fibrosis (PF). This has become a serious problem all over the world due to the lack of efficient drugs for treatment or cure. To date, no drug has been designed that could inhibit fibrosis. However, few medications have been reported to reduce the rate of fibrosis. Meanwhile, ongoing research indicates pulmonary fibrosis can be treated in its initial stages when symptoms are mild. Here, an attempt is made to summarize the recent studies on the effects of various chemical drugs that attenuate PF and increase patients' quality of life. The review is classified based on the nature of the drug molecules, e.g., natural/biomolecule-based, synthetic-molecule-based PF inhibitors, etc. Here, the mechanisms through which the drug molecules attenuate PF are discussed. It is shown that inhibitory molecules can significantly decrease the TGF-β1, profibrotic factors, proteins responsible for inflammation, pro-fibrogenic cytokines, etc., thereby ameliorating the progress of PF. This review may be useful in designing better drugs that could reduce the fibrosis process drastically or even cure the disease to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Chemistry, SRMPP Government First Grade College, Huvinahadagali 583219, India
| | - Manikantha Maraswami
- Department of Chemistry, Abzena LLC., 360 George Patterson Blvd, Bristol, PA 19007, USA
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11
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McElhinney K, Irnaten M, O’Brien C. p53 and Myofibroblast Apoptosis in Organ Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076737. [PMID: 37047710 PMCID: PMC10095465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ fibrosis represents a dysregulated, maladaptive wound repair response that results in progressive disruption of normal tissue architecture leading to detrimental deterioration in physiological function, and significant morbidity/mortality. Fibrosis is thought to contribute to nearly 50% of all deaths in the Western world with current treatment modalities effective in slowing disease progression but not effective in restoring organ function or reversing fibrotic changes. When physiological wound repair is complete, myofibroblasts are programmed to undergo cell death and self-clearance, however, in fibrosis there is a characteristic absence of myofibroblast apoptosis. It has been shown that in fibrosis, myofibroblasts adopt an apoptotic-resistant, highly proliferative phenotype leading to persistent myofibroblast activation and perpetuation of the fibrotic disease process. Recently, this pathological adaptation has been linked to dysregulated expression of tumour suppressor gene p53. In this review, we discuss p53 dysregulation and apoptotic failure in myofibroblasts and demonstrate its consistent link to fibrotic disease development in all types of organ fibrosis. An enhanced understanding of the role of p53 dysregulation and myofibroblast apoptosis may aid in future novel therapeutic and/or diagnostic strategies in organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kealan McElhinney
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mustapha Irnaten
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm O’Brien
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Chen J, Jian X, Li C, Cheng B. Therapeutic potential of amitriptyline for paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis: Involvement of caveolin-1-mediated anti-epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inhibition of apoptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114732. [PMID: 36898313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment of pulmonary fibrosis caused by paraquat (PQ) poisoning remains problematic. Amitriptyline (AMT) has multiple pharmacological effects. Here we investigated the anti-fibrotic effect of AMT on PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis and its possible mechanism. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control, PQ, PQ + AMT and AMT groups. Histopathology of the lungs, blood gas analysis, and levels of hydroxyproline (HYP), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) were measured. The siRNA transfection inhibited caveolin-1 in A549 cells, which induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by PQ and followed intervention with AMT. E-cadherin, N-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and caveolin-1 were studied by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared with the PQ group, the PQ + AMT group displayed mild pathological changes in pulmonary fibrosis, lower HYP, IL-17 and TGF- β1 levels in lung, but high TGF- β1 in serum. Levels of N-cadherin and α-SMA in the lungs were significantly decreased, but caveolin-1 was increased, while SaO2 and PaO2 levels were higher. Compared with the PQ group, the apoptosis rate, N-cadherin and α-SMA levels in A549 cells were significantly decreased after PQ treatment and high dose AMT intervention (p < 0.01). The expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and α-SMA in the PQ-induced cells transfected with caveolin-1 siRNA or siControl RNA were significantly different (p < 0.01), but the apoptosis rate was unaltered. CONCLUSION AMT inhibited PQ-induced EMT in A549 cells and improved lung histopathology and oxygenation in mice by up-regulating caveolin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshi Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiangdong Jian
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Digestive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bihuang Cheng
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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13
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Alrashedi MG, Ali AS, Ahmed OA, Ibrahim IM. Local Delivery of Azithromycin Nanoformulation Attenuated Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:8293. [PMID: 36500388 PMCID: PMC9739299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanity has suffered from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic over the past two years, which has left behind millions of deaths. Azithromycin (AZ), an antibiotic used for the treatment of several bacterial infections, has shown antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as against the dengue, Zika, Ebola, and influenza viruses. Additionally, AZ has shown beneficial effects in non-infective diseases such as cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. However, the systemic use of AZ in several diseases showed low efficacy and potential cardiac toxicity. The application of nanotechnology to formulate a lung delivery system of AZ could prove to be one of the solutions to overcome these drawbacks. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the attenuation of acute lung injury in mice via the local delivery of an AZ nanoformulation. The hot emulsification-ultrasonication method was used to prepare nanostructured lipid carrier of AZ (AZ-NLC) pulmonary delivery systems. The developed formulation was evaluated and characterized in vitro and in vivo. The efficacy of the prepared formulation was tested in the bleomycin (BLM) -mice model for acute lung injury. AZ-NLC was given by the intratracheal (IT) route for 6 days at a dose of about one-eighth oral dose of AZ suspension. Samples of lung tissues were taken at the end of the experiment for immunological and histological assessments. AZ-NLC showed an average particle size of 453 nm, polydispersity index of 0.228 ± 0.07, zeta potential of -30 ± 0.21 mV, and a sustained release pattern after the initial 50% drug release within the first 2 h. BLM successfully induced a marked increase in pro-inflammatory markers and also induced histological changes in pulmonary tissues. All these alterations were significantly reversed by the concomitant administration of AZ-NLC (IT). Pulmonary delivery of AZ-NLC offered delivery of the drug locally to lung tissues. Its attenuation of lung tissue inflammation and histological injury induced by bleomycin was likely through the downregulation of the p53 gene and the modulation of Bcl-2 expression. This novel strategy could eventually improve the effectiveness and diminish the adverse drug reactions of AZ. Lung delivery could be a promising treatment for acute lung injury regardless of its cause. However, further work is needed to explore the stability of the formulation, its pharmacokinetics, and its safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen G. Alrashedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh 12628, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Shaker Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Osama Abdelhakim Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Wan X, Shi X, Li M, Chen Q, Xue C, Li G, Huang Y, Yang J, Chen C, Wang Z, Ma S, Liu X. The Protective Effects and Mechanism of Doxepin on Radiation–Induced Lung Injury in Rats. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221107193. [PMID: 35693872 PMCID: PMC9178985 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221107193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injuries (RILI) is one of the serious complications of radiotherapy posed by the damage of alveolar cells and inflammation over-reaction. We aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of doxepin on RILI (20 Gy total dose at 3 Gy/min of X-ray irradiation), as well as its underlying mechanism. For animal experiments, such parameters as Immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, WBC (white blood cell), CRP (C-reactive protein), Western blot, and q-PCR were detected. The results indicated that both survival status and weight increase of irradiated rats treated by doxepin (3 mg/kg/day, rat) were higher than those of treated with irradiation alone (Dosing started the day before irradiation). Further, histological examinations showed doxepin could tenuate the radiation injury, as indicated as alveolar inflammatory exudation and there was only mild interstitial inflammation infiltration. Western blotting and q-PCR showed that expression of NF-κβ in X group were higher than that in XMD group. For the first time, we reported doxepin functioned as a radioprotectant candidate, which provide a promising application of doxepin for protecting radiotherapy injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Wan
- South ZheJiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou Medical University, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Mengke Li
- South ZheJiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou Medical University, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Qing Chen
- South ZheJiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou Medical University, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Chang Xue
- South ZheJiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou Medical University, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- South ZheJiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou Medical University, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yeke Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Shumei Ma
- South ZheJiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou Medical University, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- South ZheJiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou Medical University, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, China
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15
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Kotfis K, Karolak I, Lechowicz K, Zegan-Barańska M, Pikulska A, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P, Kawa M, Sieńko J, Szylińska A, Wiśniewska M. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist (Potassium Canrenoate) Does Not Influence Outcome in the Treatment of COVID-19-Associated Pneumonia and Fibrosis—A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020200. [PMID: 35215312 PMCID: PMC8874492 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019 the SARS-CoV-2 virus appeared in the world, mainly presenting as an acute infection of the lower respiratory tract, namely pneumonia. Nearly 10% of all patients show significant pulmonary fibrotic changes after the infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of potassium canrenoate in the treatment of COVID-19-associated pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis. We performed a randomized clinical trial (RCT) of potassium canrenoate vs placebo. A total of 55 patients were randomized and 49 were included in the final analysis (24 allocated to the intervention group and 25 allocated to the control group). Patients were assessed by physical examination, lung ultrasound, CT imaging and blood samples that underwent biochemical analysis. This RCT has shown that the administration of potassium canrenoate to patients with COVID-19 induced pneumonia was not associated with shorter mechanical ventilation time, shorter passive oxygenation, shorter length of hospitalization or less fibrotic changes on CT imaging. The overall mortality rate was not significantly different between the two groups. Adverse events recorded in this study were not significantly increased by the administration of potassium canrenoate. The negative outcome of the study may be associated with the relatively small number of patients included. Any possible benefits from the use of potassium canrenoate as an antifibrotic drug in COVID-19 patients require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kotfis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (I.K.); (K.L.); (M.Z.-B.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Igor Karolak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (I.K.); (K.L.); (M.Z.-B.); (A.P.)
| | - Kacper Lechowicz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (I.K.); (K.L.); (M.Z.-B.); (A.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Zegan-Barańska
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (I.K.); (K.L.); (M.Z.-B.); (A.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Pikulska
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (I.K.); (K.L.); (M.Z.-B.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Miłosz Kawa
- Department of Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Sieńko
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Szylińska
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Magda Wiśniewska
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
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16
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Abstract
Klotho gene was originally recognized as a putative aging-suppressor and its prominent age-regulating effects are mostly attributed to the modulation of mineral homeostasis in the kidney. However, recent studies link alterations in hippocampal Klotho expression with cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. This suggests that hippocampal neurons require Klotho for health and proper functionality. Klotho protects against neuronal dysfunction and regulates several intracellular signaling pathways including oxidative stress response, inflammation, DNA damage, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and multiple types of cell death. Specifically, this chapter covers the current knowledge as to how Klotho protein affects the hippocampal neuronal cells, with special attention paid to underlying molecular mechanisms, and thus influences hippocampal development, hippocampal-dependent cognition, behavior, and motor skills as well as mediates neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mytych
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Collegium Scientarium Naturalium, University of Rzeszow, Werynia, Poland.
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17
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Zaafan MA, Abdelhamid AM. Dasatinib ameliorates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis: modulation of miR-378 and miR-17 and their linked Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/smads pathways. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:118-124. [PMID: 34894966 PMCID: PMC8667920 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1995379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells activation (HSCs) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Specific microRNAs have been suggested to affect the activation of HSCs via various signalling pathways including TGF-β/smads and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Dasatinib is a multitarget inhibitor of many tyrosine kinases has recently studied for its anti-fibrotic effects in a variety of fibrous diseases. This study investigated the role of modulation of miRNA-378 and miRNA-17 in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis through altering Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/smads pathways and evaluated the beneficial effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, dasatinib, in thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis model in mice. Treatment with dasatinib down-regulated miRNA-17 expression, leading to the restoration of WiF-1 and smad-7 which cause the inhibition of both Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/smads signalling. In addition, it upregulated miRNA-378 leading to the decrease of Wnt-10 which contributes to the suppression of activated HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Zaafan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Dokki, Egypt
| | - Amr M Abdelhamid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Department, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Dokki, Egypt
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18
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Guan Y, Wang J, Wu X, Song L, Wang Y, Gong M, Li B. Quercetin reverses chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like behavior in vivo by involving nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2. Brain Res 2021; 1772:147661. [PMID: 34529966 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid compound rich in many natural plants with a wide range of pharmacological effects and nutritional value. Although previous studies have initially shown the antidepressant effect of quercetin in some models. However, the exact mechanism of the antidepressant effect of quercetin on the depression model induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is still unclear or has not been clearly elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect of quercetin in vivo on a CUMS-induced depression model that is closest to human depression, and to explore its mechanism of action around nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) related signaling pathways, for the first time. Our results demonstrated that CUMS for 21 consecutive days caused significant decreases in the sucrose preference, and the horizontal score and vertical score in the open field test of mice respectively by 22.6%, 34.4%, and 66.6% (all P < 0.01), and a significant increase in the immobility time during the forced swimming test by 110.5% (P < 0.01), but fortunately, after chronic oral administration of high dose quercetin at 40 mg/kg, the abnormalities of the above indicators were significantly reversed by 26.2%, 40.1%, 152.7%, 43.5% (all P < 0.01). Further western blot analysis showed that CUMS caused the phosphorylation or expression levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins in the hippocampus of mice to significantly down-regulate by 60.0%, 72.1%, 90.0% and 50.1% (all P < 0.01), while after chronic oral administration of high dose quercetin at 40 mg/kg, the abnormalities of these proteins were significantly up-regulated by 85.8%, 182.0%, 325.1% and 60.3% (all P < 0.01). In addition, CUMS also caused significant reduction in the levels of antioxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-s transferase (GST) in the mice hippocampus by 51.3%, 40.3% (both P < 0.01), while after chronic oral administration of high dose quercetin at 40 mg/kg, the abnormalities of the above indicators were significantly reversed by 69.2% and 49.5% (both P < 0.01), as well as significant elevation in the levels of lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA), inflammation medium nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by 156.4%, 255.4% and 72.7% (all P < 0.01), while after chronic oral administration of high dose quercetin at 40 mg/kg, the abnormalities of the above indicators were significantly reversed by 45.9%, 26.8% and 55.2% (all P < 0.01). The medium dose of quercetin (20 mg/kg) only reversed some of the above indicators, while the low dose of quercetin (10 mg/kg) had no reversal effect on the above indicators. Collectively, the present study confirmed for the first time that quercetin weakened CUMS-induced depression in vivo, and its mechanism was at least partially attributable to the upregulation of hippocampal Nrf2 and the inhibition of iNOS, thereby correcting the central inflammatory response, and the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechen Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junming Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lingling Song
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mingzhu Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Bingyin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Abdelhamid AM, Selim A, Zaafan MA. The Hepatoprotective Effect of Piperine Against Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice: The Involvement of miR-17 and TGF-β/Smads Pathways. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:754098. [PMID: 34778375 PMCID: PMC8585739 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.754098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by a series of events including activation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into proinflammatory, contractile, and fibrogenic myofibroblasts, which is the primary trigger for the fibrogenesis process. HSC activation involves many signaling pathways such as the TGF-β/smads pathway. Specific microRNAs have been identified to play a crucial role in the activation of HSCs via various signaling pathways. Piperine has recently been studied as a promising anti-fibrotic agent against pancreatic fibrosis through altering the TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Hence, the current study evaluated the beneficial effects of piperine in thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in mice through the modulation of miRNA-17 and TGF-β/smads pathways. Mice were allocated into three groups randomly. Thioacetamide was used to induce liver fibrosis for 6 weeks. Starting from the fourth week of the experiment, mice were treated with piperine daily for 21 days. Piperine treatment resulted in a significant downregulation of miRNA-17 expression, leading to the restoration of smad-7 accompanied with marked inhibition of TGF-β/smads signaling with further suppression of the activated HSCs and collagen deposition in the hepatocytes. In conclusion, piperine has the potential to be a promising therapeutic drug for the treatment of liver fibrosis through inhibiting the TGF-β/smads pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr M Abdelhamid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Ayman Selim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Mai A Zaafan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Egypt
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20
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Cymbopogon winterianus Essential Oil Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Murine Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050679. [PMID: 34065064 PMCID: PMC8150729 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil of Cymbopogon winterianus (EOCW) is a natural product with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties. We studied the effect of EOCW in the progression of histological changes of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in a rodent model. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin was performed in 30 rats to induce PF, while Sham animals were subjected to instillation of saline solution. The treatment was performed using daily oral administration of distilled water, EOCW at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, and deflazacort (DFC). After 28 days, hemogram and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were assayed. Histological grading of PF, immunohistochemical expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were also analyzed. The EOCW major compounds were found to be citronellal, geraniol, and citronellol. EOCW significantly reduced inflammation in BALF, reduced MDA levels, and increased SOD activity. EOCW attenuated histological grading of PF and reduced immunohistochemical expression of α-SMA and TGF-β in a dose-dependent way, likely due to the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and TGF-β-induced myofibroblast differentiation.
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21
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p53: A Key Protein That Regulates Pulmonary Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6635794. [PMID: 33312337 PMCID: PMC7721501 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6635794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressively aggravating lethal disease that is a serious public health concern. Although the incidence of this disease is increasing, there is a lack of effective therapies. In recent years, the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis has become a research hotspot. p53 is a tumor suppressor gene with crucial roles in cell cycle, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, and malignant transformation. Previous studies on p53 have predominantly focused on its role in neoplastic disease. Following in-depth investigation, several studies have linked it to pulmonary fibrosis. This review covers the association between p53 and pulmonary fibrosis, with the aim of providing novel ideas to improve the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Zingerone ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis: modulation of the expression of TGF-β1 and iNOS. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1659-1670. [PMID: 32377772 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease with limited treatment options. Zingerone found in ginger (Zingiber officinale L.) has many pharmacological effects, especially antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity. However, the effect of zingerone on pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is not fully known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zingerone on bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF and its underlying mechanisms. Wistar-albino rats were given single dose of BLM (5 mg/kg, intratracheal) or vehicle (saline). In treatment groups, zingerone (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered orally for 14 days after BLM administration. Rats and lung tissue were weighed to determine lung index. Antioxidant, antiinflammatory effects, and hydroxyproline content of zingerone were determined by ELISA method. Pulmonary inflammation, collagen deposition, and fibrosis score were determined with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HxE) and Masson's trichrome staining. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions were detected immunohistochemically. BLM administration increased lipid peroxidation (MDA) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. In addition, BLM caused increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and accumulation of collagen bundles. Zingerone administration decreased collagen accumulation, TNF-α and IL-1β levels, MDA level, TGF-β1, and iNOS expression and increased SOD and GPx activity. Histopathological findings supported the results. These results show that zingerone (50 and 100 mg/kg) at both doses significantly contributes to healing of PF by improving inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations and by affecting TGF-β1 and iNOS signaling pathways.
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