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Plewnia C, Masini D, Fisone G. Rewarding properties of L-Dopa in experimental parkinsonism are mediated by sensitized dopamine D1 receptors in the dorsal striatum. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02721-3. [PMID: 39227434 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is based on the use of dopaminergic drugs, such as L-Dopa and dopamine receptor agonists. These substances counteract motor symptoms, but their administration is accompanied by motor and non-motor complications. Among these latter conditions a neurobehavioral disorder similar to drug abuse, known as dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS), is attracting increasing interest because of its profound negative impact on the patients' quality of life. Here we replicate DDS in a PD mouse model based on a bilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the dorsal striatum. Administration of L-Dopa induced locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference in 6-OHDA lesion, but not in control mice, indicative of the acquisition of addictive-like properties following nigrostriatal dopamine depletion. These behavioral effects were accompanied by abnormal dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) signaling in the medium spiny neurons of the dorsal striatum, leading to hyperactivation of multiple signaling cascades and increased expression of ΔFosB, a stable transcription factor involved in addictive behavior. Systemic administration of the D1R antagonist, SCH23390, abolished these effects and the development of place preference, thereby counteracting the psychostimulant-like effect of L-Dopa. The rewarding properties of L-Dopa were also prevented by chemogenetic inactivation of D1R-expressing neurons in the dorsal striatum. Our results indicate the association between abnormal D1R-mediated transmission and DDS in PD and identify potential approaches for the treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Plewnia
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Débora Masini
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Guillaumin MCC, Viskaitis P, Bracey E, Burdakov D, Peleg-Raibstein D. Disentangling the role of NAc D1 and D2 cells in hedonic eating. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3531-3547. [PMID: 37402855 PMCID: PMC10618099 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Overeating is driven by both the hedonic component ('liking') of food, and the motivation ('wanting') to eat it. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key brain center implicated in these processes, but how distinct NAc cell populations encode 'liking' and 'wanting' to shape overconsumption remains unclear. Here, we probed the roles of NAc D1 and D2 cells in these processes using cell-specific recording and optogenetic manipulation in diverse behavioral paradigms that disentangle reward traits of 'liking' and 'wanting' related to food choice and overeating in healthy mice. Medial NAc shell D2 cells encoded experience-dependent development of 'liking', while D1 cells encoded innate 'liking' during the first food taste. Optogenetic control confirmed causal links of D1 and D2 cells to these aspects of 'liking'. In relation to 'wanting', D1 and D2 cells encoded and promoted distinct aspects of food approach: D1 cells interpreted food cues while D2 cells also sustained food-visit-length that facilitates consumption. Finally, at the level of food choice, D1, but not D2, cell activity was sufficient to switch food preference, programming subsequent long-lasting overconsumption. By revealing complementary roles of D1 and D2 cells in consumption, these findings assign neural bases to 'liking' and 'wanting' in a unifying framework of D1 and D2 cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde C C Guillaumin
- Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Paulius Viskaitis
- Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Eva Bracey
- Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Denis Burdakov
- Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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3
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Chellian R, Behnood-Rod A, Wilson R, Lin K, King GWY, Ruppert-Gomez M, Teter AN, Febo M, Bruijnzeel AW. Dopamine D1-like receptor blockade and stimulation decreases operant responding for nicotine and food in male and female rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14131. [PMID: 35986048 PMCID: PMC9388990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine has been implicated in the reinforcing effects of smoking. However, there remains a need for a better understanding of the effects of dopamine D1-like receptor agonists on nicotine intake and the role of sex differences in the effects of dopaminergic drugs on behavior. This work studied the effects of D1-like receptor stimulation and blockade on operant responding for nicotine and food and locomotor activity in male and female rats. The effects of the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (0.003, 0.01, 0.03 mg/kg) and the D1-like receptor agonist A77636 (0.1, 0.3, 1 mg/kg) on responding for nicotine and food, and locomotor activity were investigated. The effects of SCH 23390 were investigated 15 min and 24 h after treatment, and the effects of the long-acting drug A77636 were investigated 15 min, 24 h, and 48 h after treatment. Operant responding for nicotine and food and locomotor activity were decreased immediately after treatment with SCH 23390. Treatment with SCH 23390 did not have any long-term effects. Operant responding for nicotine was still decreased 48 h after treatment with A77636, and food responding was decreased up to 24 h after treatment. Treatment with A77636 only decreased locomotor activity at the 48 h time point. There were no sex differences in the effects of SCH 23390 or A77636. In conclusion, the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH 23390 reduces nicotine intake and causes sedation in rats. Stimulation of D1-like receptors with A77636 decreases nicotine intake at time points that the drug does not cause sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjithkumar Chellian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Azin Behnood-Rod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ryann Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Karen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Grace Wing-Yan King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Marcella Ruppert-Gomez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alexandria Nicole Teter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Gu SM, Cha HJ, Seo SW, Hong JT, Yun J. Dopamine D1 receptor antagonist reduces stimulant-induced conditioned place preferences and dopamine receptor supersensitivity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:131-138. [PMID: 31372696 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Repeated administration of stimulants induces conditioned place preference (CPP). Dopamine receptor supersensitivity is developed in stimulant-induced CPP animals; however, dopamine receptor subtypes associated with the development of supersensitivity in CPP animals are largely unknown. The present preclinical study aimed to examine whether dopamine D1 or D2 receptor antagonists exert inhibitory effects on stimulant-induced psychological behaviors. Additionally, the authors aimed to elucidate the role of dopamine receptor supersensitivity on the development of reward-related behavior. Sprague Dawley rats subjected to methamphetamine- and cocaine-induced CPP tests were treated with dopamine D1 (SCH23390) or D2 (sulpiride) receptor antagonists. Following the CPP experiment, rats were challenged with apomorphine (dopamine receptor agonist), and locomotor activity was measured. Methamphetamine- and cocaine-induced CPP was reduced with the administration of SCH23390, but not sulpiride. In addition, the apomorphine challenge evoked an increase in locomotor activity in stimulant-pre-treated rats, reflecting dopamine receptor supersensitivity. SCH23390 pre-treatment inhibited the development of dopamine receptor supersensitivity, while sulpiride demonstrated no inhibitory effects. These results suggest that the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 inhibits the development of dopamine receptor supersensitivity which is associated with the development of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Gu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Cha
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - So Woon Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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Larson TA, Winkler MC, Stafford J, Levis SC, O’Neill CE, Bachtell RK. Role of dopamine D 2-like receptors and their modulation by adenosine receptor stimulation in the reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1207-1218. [PMID: 30470862 PMCID: PMC6533169 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Previous work has demonstrated that dopamine and adenosine receptors are involved in drug-seeking behaviors, yet the pharmacological interactions between these receptors in methamphetamine (MA) seeking are not well characterized. The present studies examined the role of the dopamine D2-like receptors in MA seeking and identified the interactive effects of adenosine receptor stimulation. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to lever press for MA in daily 2-h self-administration sessions on a fixed-ratio 1 schedule for 10 consecutive days. After 1 day of abstinence, lever pressing was extinguished in six daily extinction sessions. Treatments were administered systemically prior to a 2-h reinstatement test session. RESULTS An increase in MA seeking was observed following the administration of the dopamine D2-like agonist, quinpirole, or the D3 receptor agonist, 7-OH-DPAT. Stimulation of D2 or D4 receptors was ineffective at inducing MA seeking. Quinpirole-induced MA seeking was inhibited by D3 receptor antagonism (SB-77011A or PG01037), an adenosine A1 agonist, CPA, and an adenosine A2A agonist, CGS 21680. MA seeking induced by a MA priming injection or D3 receptor stimulation was inhibited by a pretreatment with the adenosine A1 agonist, CPA, but not the adenosine A2A agonist, CGS 21680. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the sufficiency of dopamine D3 receptors to reinstate MA seeking that is inhibited when combined with adenosine A1 receptor stimulation.
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6
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Dobbs LK, Kaplan AR, Bock R, Phamluong K, Shin JH, Bocarsly ME, Eberhart L, Ron D, Alvarez VA. D1 receptor hypersensitivity in mice with low striatal D2 receptors facilitates select cocaine behaviors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:805-816. [PMID: 30504927 PMCID: PMC6372593 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerability for cocaine abuse in humans is associated with low dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) availability in the striatum. The mechanisms driving this vulnerability are poorly understood. In this study, we found that downregulating D2R expression selectively in striatal indirect-pathway neurons triggers a multitude of changes in D1 receptor (D1R)-expressing direct-pathway neurons, which comprise the other main subpopulation of striatal projection neurons. These changes include a leftward shift in the dose-response to a D1-like agonist that indicates a behavioral D1R hypersensitivity, a shift from PKA to ERK intracellular signaling cascades upon D1R activation, and a reduction in the density of bridging collaterals from D1R-expressing neurons to pallidal areas. We hypothesize that the D1R hypersensitivity underlies abuse vulnerability by facilitating the behavioral responses to repeated cocaine, such as locomotor sensitization and drug self-administration. We found evidence that littermate control mice develop D1R hypersensitivity after they are sensitized to cocaine. Indeed, D1-like agonist and cocaine cross-sensitize in control littermates and this effect was potentiated in mice lacking striatal D2Rs from indirect-pathway neurons. To our surprise, mice with low striatal D2Rs acquired cocaine self-administration similarly to littermate controls and showed no significant change in motivation to take cocaine but lower seeking. These findings indicate that downregulation of striatal D2Rs triggers D1R hypersensitivity to facilitate cocaine locomotor sensitization, which by itself was not associated with greater cocaine taking or seeking under the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Dobbs
- Laboratory on the Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alanna R Kaplan
- Laboratory on the Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roland Bock
- Laboratory on the Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Khanhky Phamluong
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Hoon Shin
- Laboratory on the Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Miriam E Bocarsly
- Laboratory on the Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Postdoctoral Research Associate Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay Eberhart
- Laboratory on the Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dorit Ron
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Veronica A Alvarez
- Laboratory on the Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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7
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Segat HJ, Metz VG, Rosa HZ, Dias VT, Barcelos RC, Dolci GS, Burger ME. Substitution therapy with amphetamine-isotherapic attenuates amphetamine toxicological aspects of addiction. Neurosci Lett 2019; 690:138-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Huang M, Bai M, Zhang Z, Ge L, Lu K, Li X, Li Y, Zhou X, Guo N, Yang L, Bai J. Downregulation of thioredoxin-1 in the ventral tegmental area delays extinction of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:1037-1046. [PMID: 30136629 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118791523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug addiction is characterized by compulsive drug use and relapse. Thioredoxin-1 is emerging as an important modulator involved in the cellular protective response against a variety of toxic stressors. Previous study has reported that thioredoxin-1 overexpression prevents the acquisition of methamphetamine-conditioned place preference. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of thioredoxin-1 on methamphetamine-conditioned place preference extinction and the possible mechanism. METHODS (a) An extinction procedure in mice was employed to investigate the effect of thioredoxin-1 on the extinction of methamphetamine-conditioned place preference. After the acquisition of methamphetamine-conditioned place preference, mice underwent the following procedures: the injection of thioredoxin-1 small interfering RNA in the ventral tegmental area followed by the post-conditioned place preference test, four days of extinction training followed by four days of recovery after surgery. (b) The levels of thioredoxin-1, dopamine D1 receptor, tyrosine hydroxylase, phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase, and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein were examined by using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Thioredoxin-1 downregulation in the ventral tegmental area delayed methamphetamine-conditioned place preference extinction. The expression of thioredoxin-1 was decreased in the ventral tegmental area of mice in control and negative groups after methamphetamine-conditioned place preference extinction, but not in the thioredoxin-1 siRNA group. The levels of dopamine D1 receptor, tyrosine hydroxylase, phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase, and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein were decreased in the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex of mice in the control and negative groups after methamphetamine-conditioned place preference extinction, but were inversely increased in thioredoxin-1 siRNA group. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that downregulation of thioredoxin-1 in the ventral tegmental area may delay methamphetamine-conditioned place preference extinction by regulating the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengbing Huang
- 1 Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,2 Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Bai
- 1 Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- 1 Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lu Ge
- 1 Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Kang Lu
- 1 Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang Li
- 1 Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,2 Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ye Li
- 1 Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- 1 Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ningning Guo
- 1 Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,2 Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- 1 Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,3 Narcotics Control School, Yunnan Police College, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Bai
- 1 Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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9
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Möller M, Fourie J, Harvey BH. Efavirenz exposure, alone and in combination with known drugs of abuse, engenders addictive-like bio-behavioural changes in rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12837. [PMID: 30150782 PMCID: PMC6110861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Efavirenz is abused in a cannabis-containing mixture known as Nyaope. The addictive-like effects of efavirenz (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) was explored using conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats following sub-acute exposure vs. methamphetamine (MA; 1 mg/kg) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; 0.75 mg/kg). The most addictive dose of efavirenz was then compared to THC alone and THC plus efavirenz following sub-chronic exposure using multiple behavioural measures, viz. CPP, sucrose preference test (SPT) and locomotor activity. Peripheral superoxide dismutase (SOD), regional brain lipid peroxidation and monoamines were also determined. Sub-acute efavirenz (5 mg/kg) had a significant rewarding effect in the CPP comparable to MA and THC. Sub-chronic efavirenz (5 mg/kg) and THC + efavirenz were equally rewarding using CPP, with increased cortico-striatal dopamine (DA), and increased lipid peroxidation and SOD. Sub-chronic THC did not produce CPP but significantly increased SOD and decreased hippocampal DA. Sub-chronic THC + efavirenz was hedonic in the SPT and superior to THC alone regarding cortico-striatal lipid peroxidation and sucrose preference. THC + efavirenz increased cortico-striatal DA and decreased serotonin (5-HT). Concluding, efavirenz has dose-dependent rewarding effects, increases oxidative stress and alters regional brain monoamines. Efavirenz is hedonic when combined with THC, highlighting its abuse potential when combined with THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Möller
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Jaco Fourie
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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10
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Robison LS, Swenson S, Hamilton J, Thanos PK. Exercise Reduces Dopamine D1R and Increases D2R in Rats: Implications for Addiction. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:1596-1602. [PMID: 29613999 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise has been shown to be effective for preventing and treating substance abuse in both clinical and preclinical studies. Less is known, however, regarding the underlying neurobiological mechanisms driving these changes in drug-seeking behavior. One possibility is that exercise may alter the mesolimbic dopamine pathway in such a way that makes drugs of abuse less salient and/or rewarding. METHODS To examine possible exercise-induced changes in dopamine signaling, male and female Lewis rats were split into exercise and sedentary groups at 8 wk of age. Exercise rats were run on a treadmill at 10 m·min, 5 d·wk, for 6 wk, whereas sedentary rats remained in their home cage. Rats were killed after the 6 wk of treatment, and their brains were used for in vitro autoradiography using [H]SCH 23,390, [H]Spiperone, and [H]WIN55,428 ligands to quantify dopamine type 1-like receptor (D1R)-like, dopamine type 2-like receptor (D2R)-like, and dopamine transporter binding, respectively. RESULTS Exercised rats had 18% and 21% lower D1R-like binding levels compared to sedentary rats within the olfactory tubercle and nucleus accumbens shell, respectively. In addition, male and female exercise rats showed greater D2R-like binding levels within the dorsomedial caudate putamen (30%), ventrolateral caudate putamen (24%), and ventromedial caudate putamen (27%), as well as the olfactory tubercle (19%). Greater D2R-like binding in the nucleus accumbens core (24%) and shell (25%) of exercised rats compared with sedentary rats approached significance. No effects were found for dopamine transporter binding. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesis that aerobic exercise results in changes in the mesolimbic pathway that could mediate exercise-induced attenuation of drug-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Robison
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY
| | - Sabrina Swenson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - John Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
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11
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Marcott PF, Gong S, Donthamsetti P, Grinnell SG, Nelson MN, Newman AH, Birnbaumer L, Martemyanov KA, Javitch JA, Ford CP. Regional Heterogeneity of D2-Receptor Signaling in the Dorsal Striatum and Nucleus Accumbens. Neuron 2018; 98:575-587.e4. [PMID: 29656874 PMCID: PMC6048973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine input to the dorsal and ventral striatum originates from separate populations of midbrain neurons. Despite differences in afferent inputs and behavioral output, little is known about how dopamine release is encoded by dopamine receptors on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) across striatal subregions. Here we examined the activation of D2 receptors following the synaptic release of dopamine in the dorsal striatum (DStr) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell. We found that D2 receptor-mediated synaptic currents were slower in the NAc and this difference occurred at the level of D2-receptor signaling. As a result of preferential coupling to Gαo, we also found that D2 receptors in MSNs demonstrated higher sensitivity for dopamine in the NAc. The higher sensitivity in the NAc was eliminated following cocaine exposure. These results identify differences in the sensitivity and timing of D2-receptor signaling across the striatum that influence how nigrostriatal and mesolimbic signals are encoded across these circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela F Marcott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Steven G Grinnell
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Melissa N Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amy H Newman
- National Institute of Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA; Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christopher P Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Dopamine D1 and D3 receptor polypharmacology as a potential treatment approach for substance use disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 89:13-28. [PMID: 29577963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the search for efficacious pharmacotherapies to treat cocaine addiction much attention has been given to agents targeting dopamine D1 or D3 receptors because of the involvement of these receptors in drug-related behaviors. D1-like and D3 receptor partial agonists and antagonists have been shown to reduce drug reward, reinstatement of drug seeking and conditioned place preference in rodents and non-human primates. However, translation of these encouraging results to clinical settings has been limited due to a number of factors including toxicity, poor pharmacokinetic properties and extrapyramidal and sedative side effects. This review highlights the role of D1 and D3 receptors in drug reward and seeking, the discovery of D1-D3 heteromers and their potential as targets in the treatment of addiction.
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Neural Mechanisms of Circadian Regulation of Natural and Drug Reward. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:5720842. [PMID: 29359051 PMCID: PMC5735684 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5720842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenously generated near 24-hour variations of physiological and behavioral functions. In humans, disruptions to the circadian system are associated with negative health outcomes, including metabolic, immune, and psychiatric diseases, such as addiction. Animal models suggest bidirectional relationships between the circadian system and drugs of abuse, whereby desynchrony, misalignment, or disruption may promote vulnerability to drug use and the transition to addiction, while exposure to drugs of abuse may entrain, disrupt, or perturb the circadian timing system. Recent evidence suggests natural (i.e., food) and drug rewards may influence overlapping neural circuitry, and the circadian system may modulate the physiological and behavioral responses to these stimuli. Environmental disruptions, such as shifting schedules or shorter/longer days, influence food and drug intake, and certain mutations of circadian genes that control cellular rhythms are associated with altered behavioral reward. We highlight the more recent findings associating circadian rhythms to reward function, linking environmental and genetic evidence to natural and drug reward and related neural circuitry.
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HDAC5 and Its Target Gene, Npas4, Function in the Nucleus Accumbens to Regulate Cocaine-Conditioned Behaviors. Neuron 2017; 96:130-144.e6. [PMID: 28957664 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Individuals suffering from substance-use disorders develop strong associations between the drug's rewarding effects and environmental cues, creating powerful, enduring triggers for relapse. We found that dephosphorylated, nuclear histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) reduced cocaine reward-context associations and relapse-like behaviors in a cocaine self-administration model. We also discovered that HDAC5 associates with an activity-sensitive enhancer of the Npas4 gene and negatively regulates NPAS4 expression. Exposure to cocaine and the test chamber induced rapid and transient NPAS4 expression in a small subpopulation of FOS-positive neurons in the NAc. Conditional deletion of Npas4 in the NAc significantly reduced cocaine conditioned place preference and delayed learning of the drug-reinforced action during cocaine self-administration, without affecting cue-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. These data suggest that HDAC5 and NPAS4 in the NAc are critically involved in reward-relevant learning and memory processes and that nuclear HDAC5 limits reinstatement of drug seeking independent of NPAS4.
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Nishi A, Shuto T. Potential for targeting dopamine/DARPP-32 signaling in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:259-272. [PMID: 28052701 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1279149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alterations in dopamine neurotransmission has been implicated in pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, and DARPP-32 plays a pivotal role in dopamine neurotransmission. DARPP-32 likely influences dopamine-mediated behaviors in animal models of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders and therapeutic effects of pharmacological treatment. Areas covered: We will review animal studies on the biochemical and behavioral roles of DARPP-32 in drug addiction, schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. In general, under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, DARPP-32 in D1 receptor expressing (D1R) -medium spiny neurons (MSNs) promotes dopamine/D1 receptor/PKA signaling, whereas DARPP-32 in D2 receptor expressing (D2R)-MSNs counteracts dopamine/D2 receptor signaling. However, the function of DARPP-32 is differentially regulated in acute and chronic phases of drug addiction; DARPP-32 enhances D1 receptor/PKA signaling in the acute phase, whereas DARPP-32 suppresses D1 receptor/PKA signaling in the chronic phase through homeostatic mechanisms. Therefore, DARPP-32 plays a bidirectional role in dopamine neurotransmission, depending on the cell type and experimental conditions, and is involved in dopamine-related behavioral abnormalities. Expert opinion: DARPP-32 differentially regulates dopamine signaling in D1R- and D2R-MSNs, and a shift of balance between D1R- and D2R-MSN function is associated with behavioral abnormalities. An adjustment of this imbalance is achieved by therapeutic approaches targeting DARPP-32-related signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Nishi
- a Department of Pharmacology , Kurume University School of Medicine , Kurume, Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Takahide Shuto
- a Department of Pharmacology , Kurume University School of Medicine , Kurume, Fukuoka , Japan
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Dopamine D1 receptor agonist treatment attenuates extinction of morphine conditioned place preference while increasing dendritic complexity in the nucleus accumbens core. Behav Brain Res 2017; 322:18-28. [PMID: 28089852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) has a role in opioid reward and conditioned place preference (CPP), but its role in CPP extinction is undetermined. We examined the effect of D1R agonist SKF81297 on the extinction of opioid CPP and associated dendritic morphology in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a region involved with reward integration and its extinction. During the acquisition of morphine CPP, mice received morphine and saline on alternate days; injections were given immediately before each of eight daily conditioning sessions. Mice subsequently underwent six days of extinction training designed to diminish the previously learned association. Mice were treated with either 0.5mg/kg SKF81297, 0.8mg/kg SKF81297, or saline immediately after each extinction session. There was a dose-dependent effect, with the highest dose of SKF81297 attenuating extinction, as mice treated with this dose had significantly higher CPP scores than controls. Analysis of medium spiny neuron morphology revealed that in the NAc core, but not in the shell, dendritic arbors were significantly more complex in the morphine conditioned, SKF81297-treated mice compared to controls. In separate experiments using mice conditioned with only saline, SKF81297 administration after extinction sessions had no effect on CPP and produced differing effects on dendritic morphology. At the doses used in our experiments, SKF81297 appears to maintain previously learned opioid conditioned behavior, even in the face of new information. The D1R agonist's differential, rather than unidirectional, effects on dendritic morphology in the NAc core suggests that it may be involved in encoding reward information depending on previously learned behavior.
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Zhang Y, Sun Y, Liang J, Lu L, Shi J. Similarities and Differences in Genetics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1010:59-71. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5562-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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18
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In vivo imaging identifies temporal signature of D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons in cocaine reward. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:2726-31. [PMID: 26831103 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521238113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reinforcing and rewarding properties of cocaine are attributed to its ability to increase dopaminergic transmission in nucleus accumbens (NAc). This action reinforces drug taking and seeking and leads to potent and long-lasting associations between the rewarding effects of the drug and the cues associated with its availability. The inability to extinguish these associations is a key factor contributing to relapse. Dopamine produces these effects by controlling the activity of two subpopulations of NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that are defined by their predominant expression of either dopamine D1 or D2 receptors. Previous work has demonstrated that optogenetically stimulating D1 MSNs promotes reward, whereas stimulating D2 MSNs produces aversion. However, we still lack a clear understanding of how the endogenous activity of these cell types is affected by cocaine and encodes information that drives drug-associated behaviors. Using fiber photometry calcium imaging we define D1 MSNs as the specific population of cells in NAc that encodes information about drug associations and elucidate the temporal profile with which D1 activity is increased to drive drug seeking in response to contextual cues. Chronic cocaine exposure dysregulates these D1 signals to both prevent extinction and facilitate reinstatement of drug seeking to drive relapse. Directly manipulating these D1 signals using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs prevents contextual associations. Together, these data elucidate the responses of D1- and D2-type MSNs in NAc to acute cocaine and during the formation of context-reward associations and define how prior cocaine exposure selectively dysregulates D1 signaling to drive relapse.
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Dash S, Balasubramaniam M, Villalta F, Dash C, Pandhare J. Impact of cocaine abuse on HIV pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1111. [PMID: 26539167 PMCID: PMC4611962 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 1.2 million people in the United States are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Tremendous progress has been made over the past three decades on many fronts in the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 disease. However, HIV-1 infection is incurable and antiretroviral drugs continue to remain the only effective treatment option for HIV infected patients. Unfortunately, only three out of ten HIV-1 infected individuals in the US have the virus under control. Thus, majority of HIV-1 infected individuals in the US are either unaware of their infection status or not connected/retained to care or are non-adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART). This national public health crisis, as well as the ongoing global HIV/AIDS pandemic, is further exacerbated by substance abuse, which serves as a powerful cofactor at every stage of HIV/AIDS including transmission, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. Clinical studies indicate that substance abuse may increase viral load, accelerate disease progression and worsen AIDS-related mortality even among ART-adherent patients. However, confirming a direct causal link between substance abuse and HIV/AIDS in human patients remains a highly challenging endeavor. In this review we will discuss the recent and past developments in clinical and basic science research on the effects of cocaine abuse on HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Dash
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College , Nashville, TN, USA ; School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Muthukumar Balasubramaniam
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College , Nashville, TN, USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fernando Villalta
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College , Nashville, TN, USA ; School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College , Nashville, TN, USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chandravanu Dash
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College , Nashville, TN, USA ; School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College , Nashville, TN, USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jui Pandhare
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College , Nashville, TN, USA ; School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College , Nashville, TN, USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College , Nashville, TN, USA
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Sutton LP, Caron MG. Essential role of D1R in the regulation of mTOR complex1 signaling induced by cocaine. Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:610-9. [PMID: 26314207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in neuronal adaptions that underlie cocaine-induced sensitization and reward. mTOR exists in two functionally distinct multi-component complexes known as mTORC1 and mTORC2. In this study, we show that increased mTORC1 activity induced by cocaine is mediated by the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R). Specifically, cocaine treatment increased the phosphorylation on residues Thr2446 and Ser2481 but not on Ser2448 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and that this increase in phosphorylated mTOR levels was also apparent when complexed with its binding partner Raptor. Furthermore, the increase in phosphorylated mTOR levels, as well as phosphorylated 4E-BP1 and S6K, downstream targets of mTORC1 were blocked with SCH23390 treatment. Similar results were also observed in the dopamine-transporter knockout mice as the increase in phosphorylated mTOR Thr2446 and Ser2481 was blocked by SCH23390 but not with raclopride. To further validate D1R role in mTORC1 signaling, decrease in phosphorylated mTOR levels were observed in D1R knockout mice, whereas administration of SKF81297 elevated phosphorylated mTOR in the NAc. Lastly deletion of mTOR or Raptor in D1R expressing neurons reduced cocaine-induced locomotor activity. Together, our data supports a mechanism whereby mTORC1 signaling is activated by cocaine administration through the stimulation of D1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie P Sutton
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Marc G Caron
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Gao J, Zhu N, Feng M, Meng X, Sui N. Intra-nucleus-accumbens SKF38393 improved the impaired acquisition of morphine-conditioned place preference in depression-like rats. Psych J 2015; 1:2-14. [PMID: 26272664 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the globus pallidus (GP) is important for the interaction between depression and addiction, with D1- and D2-like receptors playing different roles. Here, we address the effect of depression on morphine reward and its underlying D1- and D2-like effects in the NAc and/or the GP. Novelty-seeking behaviors and the forced open-space swimming test were used to assess a depression-like state in rats that had undergone chronic mild restraint. Depression-like rats were then trained with morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP, 3 mg/kg, 4 days), and showed impaired acquisition of the CPP compared with controls. To examine the receptor-specific dopaminergic mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we microinjected the D1-like agonist SKF38393 (1 μg/side) or the D2-like agonist quinpirole (1 μg/side) into the NAc or the GP. The impairment in acquisition of CPP was reversed only by injecting the D1- but not the D2-like agonist in the NAc. These results suggest that enhancement of dopaminergic transmission in the NAc (via D1-like receptors) may be effective in recovering impaired reward learning during a depression-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Feng
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sui
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Blum K, Febo M, Thanos PK, Baron D, Fratantonio J, Gold M. Clinically Combating Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) with Dopamine Agonist Therapy as a Paradigm Shift: Dopamine for Dinner? Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:1862-1869. [PMID: 25750061 PMCID: PMC4586005 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Everyday, there are several millions of people that are increasingly unable to combat their frustrating and even fatal romance with getting high and/or experiencing “normal” feelings of well-being. In the USA, the FDA has approved pharmaceuticals for drug and alcohol abuse: tobacco and nicotine replacement therapy. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) remarkably continue to provide an increasing understanding of the intricate functions of brain reward circuitry through sophisticated neuroimaging and molecular genetic applied technology. Similar work is intensely investigated on a worldwide basis with enhanced clarity and increased interaction between not only individual scientists but across many disciplines. However, while it is universally agreed that dopamine is a major neurotransmitter in terms of reward dependence, there remains controversy regarding how to modulate its role clinically to treat and prevent relapse for both substance and non-substance-related addictive behaviors. While the existing FDA-approved medications promote blocking dopamine, we argue that a more prudent paradigm shift should be biphasic—short-term blockade and long-term upregulation, enhancing functional connectivity of brain reward circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100256, Gainesville, FL 32610-0256 USA
- Human Integrated Services Unit, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
- Division of Applied Clinical Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI USA
- Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Malibu Beach Recovery Center, Malibu, CA USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100256, Gainesville, FL 32610-0256 USA
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavior Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - David Baron
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - James Fratantonio
- Division of Applied Clinical Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI USA
| | - Mark Gold
- Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100256, Gainesville, FL 32610-0256 USA
- Department of Research, Rivermernd Health, Atlanta, GA USA
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Vanhanen J, Kinnunen M, Nuutinen S, Panula P. Histamine H3 receptor antagonist JNJ-39220675 modulates locomotor responses but not place conditioning by dopaminergic drugs. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:1143-53. [PMID: 25308376 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Brain histaminergic system is involved in the regulation of the dopaminergic circuitry. The role of histamine H3 receptor (H3R) in behaviors linked to amphetamine addiction and other behaviors induced by dopaminergic compounds has remained unclear. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to study whether H3R antagonist JNJ-39220675 inhibits amphetamine-induced stimulation and reward. The effects of JNJ-39220675 on dopamine D2-like receptor (D2R-like) agonist quinpirole-induced behaviors were also investigated in order to clarify whether the possible effects of H3R antagonists are D2R-like dependent. METHODS The effects of JNJ-39220675 on amphetamine and quinpirole-induced behavioral responses in mice were studied assessing the locomotor activation after both acute and repeated administrations of amphetamine and quinpirole. The place conditioning paradigm was also used as a measure of reward or aversion. RESULTS JNJ-39220675 inhibited amphetamine-induced stimulation acutely but not after repeated administrations. Amphetamine (2 mg/kg) induced conditioned place preference that was not affected by either of the tested doses of JNJ-39220675 (1 and 10 mg/kg). Quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg) induced conditioned place aversion to which the pretreatment by JNJ-39220675 (10 mg/kg) had no effect. In repeated administration, JNJ-39220675 did, however, inhibit quinpirole-induced tolerance to hypokinesia. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that although H3R antagonists inhibit ethanol reward, they may not possess the same ability on psychostimulants, such as amphetamine. However, if H3R antagonists will become clinically available, it is of importance that these compounds potentiate neither the rewarding nor aversive effects of other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Vanhanen
- Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Effects of the D1 dopamine receptor agonist dihydrexidine (DAR-0100A) on working memory in schizotypal personality disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:446-53. [PMID: 25074637 PMCID: PMC4443959 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological enhancement of prefrontal D1 dopamine receptor function remains a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate schizophrenia-spectrum working memory deficits, but has yet to be rigorously evaluated clinically. This proof-of-principle study sought to determine whether the active enantiomer of the selective and full D1 receptor agonist dihydrexidine (DAR-0100A) could attenuate working memory impairments in unmedicated patients with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of DAR-0100A (15 mg/150 ml of normal saline administered intravenously over 30 min) in medication-free patients with SPD (n=16) who met the criteria for cognitive impairment (ie, scoring below the 25th percentile on tests of working memory). We employed two measures of verbal working memory that are salient to schizophrenia-spectrum cognitive deficits, and that clinical data implicate as being associated with prefrontal D1 availability: (1) the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT); and (2) the N-back test (ratio of 2-back:0-back scores). Study procedures occurred over four consecutive days, with working memory testing on Days 1 and 4, and DAR-0100A/placebo administration on Days 2-4. Treatment with DAR-0100A was associated with significantly improved PASAT performance relative to placebo, with a very large effect size (Cohen's d=1.14). Performance on the N-back ratio was also significantly improved; however, this effect rested on both a non-significant enhancement and diminution of 2-back and 0-back performance, respectively; therefore interpretation of this finding is more complicated. DAR-0100A was generally well tolerated, with no serious medical or psychiatric adverse events; common side effects were mild to moderate and transient, consisting mainly of sedation, lightheadedness, tachycardia, and hypotension; however, we were able to minimize these effects, without altering the dose, with supportive measures, eg, co-administered normal saline. Although preliminary, these findings lend further clinical support to the potential of D1 receptor agonists to treat schizophrenia-spectrum working memory impairments. These data suggest a need for further studies with larger group sizes, serum DAR-0100A levels, and a more comprehensive neuropsychological battery.
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Inhibition of apomorphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats co-injected with buspirone: relationship with serotonin and dopamine in the striatum. Brain Res 2014; 1586:73-82. [PMID: 25160128 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Apomorphine is a non-narcotic derivative of morphine, which acts as a dopamine agonist to produce psychostimulant like effects. Currently, apomorphine is used in patients with advanced Parkinson׳s disease, for the treatment of persistent and disabling motor fluctuations, but a constellation of addictive syndromes such as excessive over use of medication, compulsive behaviors, and disturbances of impulse control are noticed in certain patients. Research on rodent models using conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm also shows that the drug is rewarding. Previously we have shown that repeated administration of apomorphine produces behavioral sensitization which is prevented in rats co-injected with a low (1.0mg/kg) but not higher (2.0mg/kg) dose of buspirone. The present study shows that rewarding effects of apomorphine (1.0mg/kg) in a CPP paradigm are also blocked in rats co-injected with a low (1.0mg/kg) but not higher (2.0mg/kg) dose of buspirone. The levels of serotonin and its metabolite are decreased in the caudate as well as nucleus accumbens of rats exhibiting CPP and the decreases do not occur in animals co-injected with low or higher dose of buspirone. The levels of dopamine and its metabolites are not affected in animals exhibiting CPP; administration as well as co-administration of higher dose of buspirone decreased dopamine metabolism in the caudate as well as nucleus accumbens. The findings suggest a critical role of serotonin in the rewarding effects of apomorphine and imply that co-use of buspirone at low doses can help to control addictive syndromes in Parkinson׳s disease patients on apomorphine therapy.
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Abstract
Dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists may be effective medications for multiple substance use disorders (SUDs). However, no selective D3R antagonists are currently available for clinical testing. Buspirone, originally characterized as a 5-HT1A partial agonist and used as an anxiolytic, also binds to D3R and D4R with high affinity, with lower affinity to D2R, and interferes with cocaine reward. Here we used PET with [11C]PHNO (D3R-preferring radioligand), [11C]raclopride (D2R/D3R radioligand) and [11C]NNC-112 (D1R radioligand) to measure occupancy of oral and parenteral buspirone in the primate brain. Intramuscular buspirone (0.19 and 0.5 mg/kg) blocked both [11C]PHNO and [11C]raclopride binding to striatum, exhibiting high occupancy (50-85%) at 15 min and rapid wash-out over 2-6 h. In contrast, oral buspirone (3 mg/kg) significantly blocked [11C]PHNO binding in D3-rich regions (globus pallidum and midbrain) at 3 h, but had minimal effects on [11C]raclopride binding (28-37% at 1 h and 10% at 3 h). Buspirone did not block [11C]NNC-112. Our findings provide evidence that i.m. buspirone blocks D3R and D2R, whereas oral buspirone is more selective towards D3R blockade in vivo, consistent with extensive first pass metabolism and supporting the hypothesis that its metabolites (5- and 6'-hydroxybuspirone) merit evaluation for treating SUDs. They also indicate that for oral buspirone to achieve greater than 80% sustained D3R occupancy, as might be needed to treat addiction, higher doses (at least three-fold) than those used to treat anxiety (maximal 60 mg) will be required. Nonetheless, based on previous clinical studies, these doses would be safe and well tolerated.
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O'Neill CE, Hobson BD, Levis SC, Bachtell RK. Persistent reduction of cocaine seeking by pharmacological manipulation of adenosine A1 and A 2A receptors during extinction training in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:3179-88. [PMID: 24562064 PMCID: PMC4111968 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adenosine receptor stimulation and blockade have been shown to modulate a variety of cocaine-related behaviors. OBJECTIVES These studies identify the direct effects of adenosine receptor stimulation on cocaine seeking during extinction training and the persistent effects on subsequent reinstatement to cocaine seeking. METHODS Rats self-administered cocaine on a fixed ratio one schedule in daily sessions over 3 weeks. Following a 1-week withdrawal, the direct effects of adenosine receptor modulation were tested by administering the adenosine A1 receptor agonist, N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA, 0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg), the adenosine A2A agonist, CGS 21680 (0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg), the presynaptic adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, SCH 442416 (0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg), or vehicle prior to each of six daily extinction sessions. The persistent effects of adenosine receptor modulation during extinction training were subsequently tested on reinstatement to cocaine seeking induced by cues, cocaine, and the dopamine D2 receptor agonist, quinpirole. RESULTS All doses of CPA and CGS 21680 impaired initial extinction responding; however, only CPA treatment during extinction produced persistent impairment in subsequent cocaine- and quinpirole-induced seeking. Dissociating CPA treatment from extinction did not alter extinction responding or subsequent reinstatement. Administration of SCH 442416 had no direct effects on extinction responding but produced dose-dependent persistent impairment of cocaine- and quinpirole-induced seeking. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that adenosine A1 or A2A receptor stimulation directly impair extinction responding. Interestingly, adenosine A1 receptor stimulation or presynaptic adenosine A2A receptor blockade during extinction produces lasting changes in relapse susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey E O'Neill
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, UCB 345, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, USA
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English BA, Thomas K, Johnstone J, Bazih A, Gertsik L, Ereshefsky L. Use of translational pharmacodynamic biomarkers in early-phase clinical studies for schizophrenia. Biomark Med 2014; 8:29-49. [PMID: 24325223 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by cognitive deficits, and positive and negative symptoms. The development of effective pharmacological compounds for the treatment of schizophrenia has proven challenging and costly, with many compounds failing during clinical trials. Many failures occur due to disease heterogeneity and lack of predictive preclinical models and biomarkers that readily translate to humans during early characterization of novel antipsychotic compounds. Traditional early-phase trials consist of single- or multiple-dose designs aimed at determining the safety and tolerability of an investigational compound in healthy volunteers. However, by incorporating a translational approach employing methodologies derived from preclinical studies, such as EEG measures and imaging, into the traditional Phase I program, critical information regarding a compound's dose-response effects on pharmacodynamic biomarkers can be acquired. Furthermore, combined with the use of patients with stable schizophrenia in early-phase clinical trials, significant 'de-risking' and more confident 'go/no-go' decisions are possible.
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The GSK3 signaling pathway is activated by cocaine and is critical for cocaine conditioned reward in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88026. [PMID: 24505362 PMCID: PMC3913742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Akt - GSK3 signaling pathway has been recently implicated in psychostimulant-induced behavioral and cellular effects. Here, the ability of cocaine to regulate the activity of Akt and GSK3 was investigated by measuring the phosphorylation states of the two kinases. The anatomical specificity of the response was determined, as was the contributions of dopamine and NMDA receptors to the actions of cocaine. As GSK3 activity was found to be increased by cocaine, subsequent experiments investigated the importance of GSK3 activation in cocaine conditioned reward. Adult male CD-1 mice were injected with cocaine or saline, and levels of phosphorylated Akt and GSK3α/β were measured 30 minutes later. Acute administration of cocaine significantly decreased the phosphorylation of Akt-Thr308 (pAkt-Thr308) and GSK3β in the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens core, without altering pAkt-Ser473 and pGSK3α. To investigate the role of dopamine and NMDA receptors in the regulation of Akt and GSK3 by cocaine, specific receptor antagonists were administered prior to cocaine. Blockade of dopamine D2 receptors with eticlopride prevented the reduction of pAkt-Thr308 produced by cocaine, whereas antagonists at dopamine D1, dopamine D2 or glutamatergic NMDA receptors each blocked cocaine-induced reductions in pGSK3β. The potential importance of GSK3 activity in the rewarding actions of cocaine was determined using a cocaine conditioned place preference procedure. Administration of the selective GSK3 inhibitor, SB 216763, prior to cocaine conditioning sessions blocked the development of cocaine place preference. In contrast, SB 216763 did not alter the acquisition of a contextual fear conditioning response, demonstrating that SB 216763 did not globally inhibit contextual learning processes. The results of this study indicate that phosphorylation of GSK3β is reduced, hence GSK3β activity is increased following acute cocaine, an effect that is contingent upon both dopaminergic and glutamatergic receptors. Further, GSK3 activity is required for the development of cocaine conditioned reward.
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Chronic cocaine dampens dopamine signaling during cocaine intoxication and unbalances D1 over D2 receptor signaling. J Neurosci 2013; 33:15827-36. [PMID: 24089490 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1935-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine increases triggered by cocaine and consequent stimulation of dopamine receptors (including D1 and D2) are associated with its rewarding effects. However, while facilitation of D1 receptor (D1R) signaling enhances the rewarding effects of cocaine, facilitation of D2R signaling decreases it, which indicates that for cocaine to be rewarding it must result in a predominance of D1R over D2R signaling. Moreover, the transition to compulsive cocaine intake might result from an imbalance between D1R and D2R signaling. To test the hypothesis that chronic cocaine use unbalances D1R over D2R signaling during cocaine intoxication, we used microprobe optical imaging to compare dynamic changes in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i, marker of neuronal activation) to acute cocaine in striatal D1R-EGFP and D2R-EGFP-expressing neurons between control and chronically treated mice. Chronic cocaine attenuated responses to acute cocaine in D1R (blunting Ca(2+) increases by 67 ± 16%) and D2R (blunting Ca(2+) decrease by 72 ± 17%) neurons in most D1R and D2R neurons (~75%). However, the dynamics of this attenuation during cocaine intoxication was longer lasting for D2R than for D1R. Thus, whereas control mice showed a fast but short-lasting predominance of D1R over D2R signaling (peaking at ~8 min) during acute cocaine intoxication, in chronically treated mice D1R predominance was sustained for >30 min (throughout the measurement period). Thus, chronic cocaine use dramatically reduced cocaine-induced DA signaling, shifting the balance between D1R and D2R signaling during intoxication to a predominance of D1R (stimulatory) over D2R (inhibitory) signaling, which might facilitate compulsive intake in addiction.
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Chen YW, Morganstern I, Barson JR, Hoebel BG, Leibowitz SF. Differential role of D1 and D2 receptors in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus in controlling ethanol drinking and food intake: possible interaction with local orexin neurons. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 38:777-86. [PMID: 24236888 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA), acting in various mesolimbic brain regions, is well known for its role in promoting motivated behaviors, including ethanol (EtOH) drinking. Indirect evidence, however, suggests that DA in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PF/LH) has differential effects on EtOH consumption, depending on whether it acts on the DA 1 (D1) or DA 2 (D2) receptor subtype, and that these effects are mediated in part by local peptide systems, such as orexin/hypocretin (OX) and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), known to stimulate the consumption of EtOH. METHODS The present study in brain-cannulated Sprague-Dawley rats measured the effects of dopaminergic compounds in the PF/LH on drinking behavior in animals trained to consume 7% EtOH and also on local peptide mRNA expression using digoxigenin-labeled in situ hybridization in EtOH-naïve animals. RESULTS Experiments 1 and 2 showed that the D1 agonist SKF81297 (10.8 nmol/side) in the PF/LH significantly increased food intake, while tending to increase EtOH intake, and the D1 antagonist SCH23390 significantly decreased EtOH intake without affecting food intake. In contrast, the D2 agonist quinelorane (6.2 nmol/side) in the PF/LH significantly reduced EtOH consumption, while the D2 antagonist sulpiride increased it. Experiments 3 and 4 revealed differential effects of PF/LH injection of the DA agonists on local OX mRNA, which was increased by the D1 agonist and decreased by the D2 agonist. These DA agonists had no impact on MCH expression. CONCLUSIONS These results support a stimulatory role of the PF/LH D1 receptor in promoting the consumption of both EtOH and food, in contrast to a suppressive effect of the D2 receptor on EtOH drinking. They further suggest that these receptors affect consumption, in part, through local OX-expressing neurons. These findings provide new evidence for the function of PF/LH DA receptor subtypes in controlling EtOH and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chen
- Department of Psychology , Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology , The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
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Rhodiola rosea Impairs Acquisition and Expression of Conditioned Place Preference Induced by Cocaine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:697632. [PMID: 24174979 PMCID: PMC3794542 DOI: 10.1155/2013/697632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to the treatment of adverse effects of drugs of abuse is one which makes use of natural products. The present study investigated the effect of Rhodiola rosea L. hydroalcoholic extract (RHO) on cocaine-induced hyperactivity and conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. In a first experiment, mice received RHO (15, 20 or 25 mg/kg, IG), cocaine (25 mg/kg, i.p.) (COC), or a combination of both drugs (COC + RHO15, COC + RHO20, and COC + RHO25), and their locomotor activity was evaluated. In a second experiment, the effects of RHO on the acquisition, expression, and reinstatement of cocaine CPP (induced by drug priming or social defeat stress) were evaluated. RHO alone did not increase activity but potentiated the hyperactivity induced by cocaine. Rhodiola did not induce motivational effects by itself but attenuated the acquisition and expression of cocaine-induced CPP. Moreover, it was found that RHO did not block reinstatement. The results indicate that RHO is effective in reducing the rewarding properties of cocaine but is ineffective in preventing priming or stress-induced cocaine reinstatement. In light of these findings, the benefits of Rhodiola rosea L. as a treatment of cocaine addiction would seem to be limited.
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Ouachikh O, Dieb W, Durif F, Hafidi A. Differential behavioral reinforcement effects of dopamine receptor agonists in the rat with bilateral lesion of the posterior ventral tegmental area. Behav Brain Res 2013; 252:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Dennis TS, Beck KD, Bobzean SAM, Dougall AL, Perrotti LI. Assessing learned associations between conditioned cocaine reward and environmental stimuli in the Wistar Kyoto rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 103:76-82. [PMID: 22922075 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies demonstrate that anxiety disorders increase the risk of substance use disorder. However, few studies have directly assessed anxiety as a vulnerability factor in processing of rewarding stimuli. The Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rat has been proposed as a model of anxiety vulnerability because it exhibits extreme behavioral inhibition in novel and social environments; yet, it displays paradoxical rapid active avoidance learning that is resistant to extinction. The present study was designed to characterize the acquisition and persistence of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) in WKY rats. In the first of a series of three experiments, adult male WKY and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were given six pairings of cocaine (3, 5, 10, 15 mg/kg) or saline on alternating days. SD rats developed cocaine-induced CPP to each of the four doses of cocaine tested. In contrast, WKY rats demonstrated CPP when conditioned with 3, 5, and 10 mg/kg, but displayed no preference to the 15 mg/kg dose. Next, separate groups of rats were subject to an extended CPP paradigm, which included acquisition, extinction and reinstatement phases. Rats were conditioned with cocaine and saline on alternating days using either a 6/6 (as above) or 4/4 conditioning regimen. Both SD and WKY rats acquired a lasting CPP with the 6/6 conditioning regimen. Results from the 4/4 conditioning regimen show that SD, but not WKY, rats acquired CPP. Preference scores for SD rats during the cocaine primed reinstatement test were significantly different from pretest scores indicating reinstatement of CPP in this group. Paradoxically, WKY rats demonstrated a latent sensitization to the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine during the drug-primed reinstatement test. Taken together, WKY rats appear to be more sensitive to high doses of cocaine and need more experience with the drug to acquire a preference than SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torry S Dennis
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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Scardochio T, Clarke PBS. Inhibition of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations by dopamine receptor subtype-selective agonists and antagonists in adult rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013. [PMID: 23192317 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adult rats emit ultrasonic calls at around 22 and 50 kHz, which are often elicited by aversive and rewarding stimuli, respectively. Dopamine (DA) plays a role in aspects of both reward and aversion. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of DA receptor subtype-selective agonists on 22- and 50-kHz call rates. METHODS Ultrasonic calls were recorded in adult male rats that were initially screened with amphetamine to eliminate low 50-kHz callers. The remaining subjects were tested after acute intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection of the following DA receptor-selective agonists and antagonists: A68930 (D1-like agonist), quinpirole (D2-like agonist), PD 128907 (D3 agonist), PD 168077 (D4 agonist), SCH 39166 (D1-like antagonist), L-741,626 (D2 antagonist), NGB 2904 (D3 antagonist), and L-745,870 (D4 antagonist). The indirect DA/noradrenaline agonist amphetamine served as a positive control. RESULTS As expected, amphetamine strongly increased 50-kHz call rates. In contrast, D1-, D2-, and D3-selective DA receptor agonists, when given alone, inhibited calling; combinations of D1- and D2-like agonists also decreased call rate. Given alone, the D1-like and D3 antagonists significantly decreased call rate, with a similar trend for the D2 antagonist. Agonist-antagonist combinations also decreased calling. The D4 agonist and antagonist did not significantly affect 50-kHz call rates. Twenty-two-kilohertz calls occurred infrequently under all drug conditions. CONCLUSION Following systemic drug administration, tonic pharmacological activation of D1-like or D2-like DA receptors, either alone or in combination, does not appear sufficient to induce 50-kHz calls. Dopaminergic transmission through D1, D2, and D3 receptors appears necessary for spontaneous calling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Scardochio
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, McIntyre Medical Building Rm. 1320, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Motivational properties of D2 and D3 dopamine receptors agonists and cocaine, but not with D1 dopamine receptors agonist and L-dopa, in bilateral 6-OHDA-lesioned rat. Neuropharmacology 2013; 70:74-82. [PMID: 23347953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine dysregulation syndrome in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been attributed to dopamine replacement therapy (DRT). We hypothesize that DRT can induce a potential rewarding effect in an animal model of PD. Using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, we investigated the motivational effects of L-dopa, dopamine receptor agonists (DRAs), and cocaine in rat with a bilateral 6-OHDA lesion of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. In 6-OHDA animals, D1 receptors agonist (SKF81297) revealed significantly a conditioned place aversion (CPA) at 3 mg/kg and 9 mg/kg doses. D2 receptors agonist (bromocriptine) induced both CPP and CPA at 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg doses respectively. D3 receptors agonist (PD128907) induced a CPP only at 1 mg/kg, comparable to that of cocaine. Sham animals revealed biphasic CPP curves, with significant dose effect, for the intermediate dose of the 3 DRAs. However, L-dopa induced no significant effect while cocaine induced CPP in both lesioned and sham animals. In conclusion, this study confirms the predominant roles of D2R class, and most specifically D3R subtypes, in rewarding properties of DRT.
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Lobo DSS, Zawertailo L, Selby P, Kennedy JL. The role of ANKK1 and TTC12 genes on drinking behaviour in tobacco dependent subjects. World J Biol Psychiatry 2012; 13:232-8. [PMID: 21936764 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2011.598560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alcohol use disorders (AUD) act as a risk factor for smoking relapse, and tobacco dependent (TD) subjects with comorbid AUD experience more withdrawal symptoms compared to TD subjects without AUD or other psychiatric comorbidities. Our aim was to investigate whether drinking behaviour in the past 12 months and smoking relapse due to alcohol use in TD subjects was associated with polymorphisms flanking the TTC12/ANKK1/DRD2 region since associations have been found between these genes and AUD and TD as separate disorders. METHODS 380 TD subjects were assessed for alcohol use and relapse to smoking. Subjects were genotyped for polymorphisms located in the TTC12/ANKK1/DRD2 region. RESULTS Associations were found between ANKK1 haplotype rs4938015C_rs11604671A and age of onset of daily smoking, as well as with hazardous drinking. No genetic association was found with smoking relapse due to alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that TD subjects who present earlier age at onset and carry this haplotype may have a higher risk for developing an alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S S Lobo
- Neuroscience Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Brenhouse HC, Dumais K, Andersen SL. Enhancing the salience of dullness: behavioral and pharmacological strategies to facilitate extinction of drug-cue associations in adolescent rats. Neuroscience 2010; 169:628-36. [PMID: 20639130 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Extinction of drug-seeking is an integral part of addiction treatment, and can profoundly reverse or ameliorate the harmful consequences of drug use. These consequences may be the most deleterious during adolescence. The studies presented here build from recent evidence that adolescent rats are more resistant to extinction training than adults, and therefore may require unique treatment strategies. We used unbiased place-conditioning in male rats to show that passive, un-explicit extinction pairings resulted in delayed extinction in 40-day-old adolescents relative to 80-day-old adults. However, explicit-pairing of a previously cocaine-associated context with the absence of drug produces extinction in adolescents as rapidly as in adults. These data suggest that successful extinction of drug-paired associations in adolescents may be facilitated by stronger acquisition of a new (extinction) memory. Drug-paired associations are largely controlled by the prelimbic prefrontal cortex (plPFC) and its influence on the nucleus accumbens (NAc). This pathway mediates the motivational salience attributed to incoming stimuli through the D1 dopamine receptor. D1 receptors on plPFC outputs to the accumbens are transiently overproduced during adolescence. Since D1 receptors are selectively responsive to potent stimuli, we hypothesized that the adolescent plPFC hinders competition between potent drug-paired associations and the subtler, drug-free information necessary for extinction. To harness this unique profile of the adolescent plPFC, we aimed to increase the salience of unrewarded extinction memories by activating plPFC D1 receptors during extinction training. In a second study, extinction of drug-cue associations was facilitated in adolescents by elevating dopamine and norepinephrine in the PFC during extinction training with atomoxetine. In a third study, direct microinjection of the D1 receptor agonist SKF38393 mimicked this effect, also facilitating extinction in adolescent subjects. Furthermore, pharmacological intervention attenuated subsequent drug-primed reinstatement of cocaine-conditioned preferences. We establish a potential direction for distinct strategies to treat this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Brenhouse
- Laboratory for Developmental Neuropharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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Influence of new deltorphin analogues on reinstatement of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2010; 21:638-48. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e32833e7e97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bredy TW, Sun YE, Kobor MS. How the epigenome contributes to the development of psychiatric disorders. Dev Psychobiol 2010; 52:331-42. [PMID: 20127889 DOI: 10.1002/dev.20424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics commonly refers to the developmental process by which cellular traits are established and inherited without a change in DNA sequence. These mechanisms of cellular memory also orchestrate gene expression in the adult brain and recent evidence suggests that the "epigenome" represents a critical interface between environmental signals, activation, repression and maintenance of genomic responses, and persistent behavior. We here review the current state of knowledge regarding the contribution of the epigenome toward the development of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Bredy
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QC 4072, Australia.
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Sershen H, Hashim A, Lajtha A. Differences between nicotine and cocaine-induced conditioned place preferences. Brain Res Bull 2010; 81:120-4. [PMID: 19665529 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, we found differences between nicotine and cocaine-induced changes in the levels of neurotransmitters in various brain areas, which suggested differences in their reward - preference mechanisms. The present study was based on the idea that drug preference is modulated by a number of different factors, among them several neurotransmitters and their receptors, and antagonists of specific receptors will influence preference. We also assumed that the factors (components of reward mechanisms) involved are different in the case of different drugs. We compared the inhibition of nicotine preference with cocaine preference. We assayed preference as conditioned place preference (CPP) and measured CPP inhibition by receptor subtype antagonists using mice. In general, induced CPP of cocaine was stronger than of nicotine as shown by more time spent in the nonpreferred area after conditioning with cocaine. We measured inhibition by four antagonists: mecamylamine, atropine, SCH23390, and phentolamine: antagonists respectively of nicotinic, and muscarinic acetylcholine, dopamine D1, and alpha noradrenergic receptors. The inhibition by the antagonists of cocaine CPP was lower in most instances than that of nicotine CPP. Atropine and SCH23390 inhibited nicotine and cocaine CPP approximately to the same degree, while the inhibition by mecamylamine and phentolamine of nicotine CPP was 100%; that of cocaine was 20% and 0, respectively. We conclude that several receptor systems and transmitters play a role in drug preference, some represent essential elements or circuits, some may be only required partially or their role can be partially substituted. The composition of such systems is different for different drugs - in the present study, some of the components influencing CPP are different for nicotine as opposed to cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sershen
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
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Naha N, Li S, Yang B, Park T, Kim M. Time-dependent exposure of nicotine and smoke modulate ultrasubcellular organelle localization of dopamine D1and D2receptors in the rat caudate-putamen. Synapse 2009; 63:847-54. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.20662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Chartoff EH, Barhight MF, Mague SD, Sawyer AM, Carlezon WA. Anatomically dissociable effects of dopamine D1 receptor agonists on reward and relief of withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 204:227-39. [PMID: 19148621 PMCID: PMC2921644 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic opiate administration induces neuroadaptations within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) that can contribute to dependence. We have shown that morphine dependence shifts the behavioral consequences of D1 dopamine (DA) receptor signaling: systemic administration of a D1 receptor agonist is rewarding and blocks naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent rats, but has minimal effects in nondependent rats. These data suggest that D1 receptors acquire the ability to regulate reward and withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats. The brain regions involved in these effects are not known. OBJECTIVE Studies were designed to test the hypothesis that the nucleus accumbens shell (NASh) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are important sites for mediating the behavioral effects of D1 receptor activation in morphine-dependent rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of microinjecting the D1 receptor agonist SKF 82958 into the NASh or the VTA on place conditioning and somatic withdrawal signs were studied in morphine-dependent and nondependent rats. RESULTS Intra-NASh microinjection of SKF 82958 (1 microg/side) established conditioned place preferences in morphine-dependent but not nondependent rats, but had no effect on naloxone-induced place aversions or somatic withdrawal signs. Intra-VTA microinjection of SKF 82958 (2 microg) did not establish place preferences under any conditions, but blocked naloxone-induced place aversions without effects on somatic withdrawal signs. CONCLUSIONS There is an anatomical dissociation between D1 receptor-mediated reward and relief of withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats. When combined, the individual effects of D1 receptor activation in the NASh and VTA on the affective signs of precipitated morphine withdrawal resemble those seen with systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena H Chartoff
- Behavioral Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, MRC 218, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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Bernardi RE, Lewis JR, Lattal KM, Berger SP. Modafinil reinstates a cocaine conditioned place preference following extinction in rats. Behav Brain Res 2009; 204:250-3. [PMID: 19482046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined whether modafinil would reinstate an extinguished cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP). Following extinction of a cocaine CPP, rats were administered modafinil (128 mg/kg), cocaine (5 mg/kg) or vehicle and given a 60-min reinstatement test. While the effect of cocaine was transient, modafinil robustly reinstated a cocaine CPP following extinction, suggesting that modafinil may induce relapse or increase the vulnerability of addicts to the reinforcing effects of environmental triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick E Bernardi
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Abstract
Drug dependence is a chronic, relapsing disorder in which compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviours persist despite serious negative consequences. Addictive substances, such as opioids, ethanol, psychostimulants and nicotine, induce pleasant states or relieve distress, effects that contribute to their recreational use. Dopamine is critically involved in drug addiction processes. However, the role of the various dopaminergic receptor subtypes has been difficult to delineate. Here, we will review the information collected implicating the receptors of the D1 family (DRD1 and DRD5) and of the D2 family (DRD2, DRD3 and DRD4) in drug addiction. We will summarize the distribution of these receptors in the brain, the preclinical experiments carried out with pharmacological and transgenic approaches and the genetic studies carried out linking genetic variants of these receptors to drug addiction phenotypes. A meta-analysis of the studies carried out evaluating DRD2 and alcohol dependence is also provided, which indicates a significant association. Overall, this review indicates that different aspects of the addiction phenotype are critically influenced by dopaminergic receptors and that variants of those genes seem to influence some addiction phenotypes in humans.
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Qi J, Yang JY, Wang F, Zhao YN, Song M, Wu CF. Effects of oxytocin on methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference and the possible role of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the medial prefrontal cortex of mice in reinstatement. Neuropharmacology 2009; 56:856-65. [PMID: 19371575 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 01/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown the neuroactive properties of oxytocin (OT), a neurohypophyseal neuropeptide, and its ability to reduce the abuse potential of drugs. The present study investigated the effects of OT on the conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by methamphetamine (MAP, 2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice and the possible role of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the reinstatement of CPP. The results showed that OT (0.1, 0.5, 2.5 microg, i.c.v.) significantly inhibited the acquisition and facilitated the extinction of MAP-induced CPP and abolished the reinstatement of CPP induced by restraint stress. This effect of OT could be attenuated by atosiban (Ato, 2.0 microg, i.c.v.), a selective OT-receptor antagonist. OT failed to block the expression and the reinstatement of CPP induced by MAP challenge. Extracellular glutamate (Glu) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were determined using microdialysis coupled to a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detection system. The results indicated that OT markedly inhibited extracellular Glu levels induced by restraint stress in CPP mice, but not those induced by MAP priming. Ato also attenuated the effects of OT on the changes in Glu levels. Therefore, these findings suggest that OT inhibits drug reward-related behaviors induced by MAP via the OT receptor, and OT blocks the reinstatement of CPP, at least partially, by interfering with the glutamatergic system in the mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutics School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Schroeder FA, Penta KL, Matevossian A, Jones SR, Konradi C, Tapper AR, Akbarian S. Drug-induced activation of dopamine D(1) receptor signaling and inhibition of class I/II histone deacetylase induce chromatin remodeling in reward circuitry and modulate cocaine-related behaviors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33:2981-92. [PMID: 18288092 PMCID: PMC2746694 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2008.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling, including histone modification, is involved in stimulant-induced gene expression and addiction behavior. To further explore the role of dopamine D(1) receptor signaling, we measured cocaine-related locomotor activity and place preference in mice pretreated for up to 10 days with the D(1) agonist SKF82958 and/or the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), sodium butyrate. Cotreatment with D(1) agonist and HDACi significantly enhanced cocaine-induced locomotor activity and place preference, in comparison to single-drug regimens. However, butyrate-mediated reward effects were transient and only apparent within 2 days after the last HDACi treatment. These behavioral changes were associated with histone modification changes in striatum and ventral midbrain: (1) a generalized increase in H3 phosphoacetylation in striatal neurons was dependent on activation of D(1) receptors; (2) H3 deacetylation at promoter sequences of tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) in ventral midbrain, together with upregulation of the corresponding gene transcripts after cotreatment with D(1) agonist and HDACi. Collectively, these findings imply that D(1) receptor-regulated histone (phospho)acetylation and gene expression in reward circuitry is differentially regulated in a region-specific manner. Given that the combination of D(1) agonist and HDACi enhances cocaine-related sensitization and reward, the therapeutic benefits of D(1) receptor antagonists and histone acetyl-transferase inhibitors (HATi) warrant further investigation in experimental models of stimulant abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A. Schroeder
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 303 Belmont St.,University of Massachusetts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 54 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01604
| | - Krista L. Penta
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 303 Belmont St
| | | | - Sara R. Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Christine Konradi
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | | | - Schahram Akbarian
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 303 Belmont St.,Corresponding author: Schahram Akbarian, MD, PhD Associate Professor in Psychiatry University of Massachusetts Medical School Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute 303 Belmont Street Worcester, MA 01604 Phone: 508 856 2674 Fax: 508 856 3937
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Young KA, Liu Y, Wang Z. The neurobiology of social attachment: A comparative approach to behavioral, neuroanatomical, and neurochemical studies. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 148:401-10. [PMID: 18417423 PMCID: PMC2683267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The formation and maintenance of social bonds in adulthood is an essential component of human health. However studies investigating the underlying neurobiology of such behaviors have been scarce. Microtine rodents offer a unique comparative animal model to explore the neural processes responsible for pair bonding and its associated behaviors. Studies using monogamous prairie voles and other related species have recently offered insight into the neuroanatomical, neurobiological, and neurochemical underpinnings of social attachment. In this review, we will discuss the utility of the microtine rodents in comparative studies by exploring their natural history and social behavior in the laboratory. We will then summarize the data implicating vasopressin, oxytocin, and dopamine in the regulation of pair bonding. Finally, we will discuss the ways in which these neurochemical systems may interact to mediate this complex behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Young
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1270, USA
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Aguilar MA, Rodríguez-Arias M, Miñarro J. Neurobiological mechanisms of the reinstatement of drug-conditioned place preference. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 59:253-77. [PMID: 18762212 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic disorder characterized by a high rate of relapse following detoxification. There are two main versions of the reinstatement model that are employed to study relapse to drug abuse; one based on the operant self-administration procedure, and the other on the classical conditioned place preference procedure. In the last seven years, the use of the latter version has become more widespread, and the results obtained complement those obtained in self-administration studies. It has been observed that the conditioned place preference induced by opioids, psychostimulants, nicotine, ethanol and other drugs of abuse can be extinguished and reinstated by drug priming or exposure to stressful events. Herein, the neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of drug priming- and stress-induced reinstatement of morphine and cocaine, together with the molecular correlates of reinstatement behavior, are reviewed. Differences between the conditioned place preference and self-administration studies are also discussed. Evidence suggests that data of reinstatement with the CPP are to be viewed with caution until more extensive analysis of operant procedures has been performed, and that further research will undoubtedly improve our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of relapse to drug seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Aguilar
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiologia de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Tropea TF, Kosofsky BE, Rajadhyaksha AM. Enhanced CREB and DARPP-32 phosphorylation in the nucleus accumbens and CREB, ERK, and GluR1 phosphorylation in the dorsal hippocampus is associated with cocaine-conditioned place preference behavior. J Neurochem 2008; 106:1780-90. [PMID: 18554320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Environment-induced relapse is a major concern in drug addiction because of the strong associations formed between drug reward and environment. Cocaine-conditioned place preference is an ideal experimental tool to examine adaptations in the molecular pathways that are activated upon re-exposure to an environment previously paired with drug reward. To better understand the mechanism of cocaine-conditioned place preference we have used western blot analysis to examine changes in phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein 32 (DARPP-32), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and GluR1, key molecular substrates altered by cocaine, in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsal hippocampus (DHC) of C57BL/6 mice. Our studies revealed that re-exposing mice to an environment in which they were previously given cocaine resulted in increased levels of Ser133 phospho-CREB and Thr34 phospho-DARPP-32 with a corresponding decrease in Thr75 phospho-DARPP-32 in the NAc. In DHC there were increased levels of phospho-CREB, Thr183/Tyr185 phospho-ERK, and Ser845 phospho-GluR1. These data suggest that the formation of contextual drug reward associations involves recruitment of the DHC-NAc circuit with activation of the DARPP-32/CREB pathway in the NAc and the ERK/CREB pathway in the DHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Tropea
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, and University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, Maine, USA
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