1
|
Venter AR. Protein analysis by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 39056172 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This review presents progress made in the ambient analysis of proteins, in particular by desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). Related ambient ionization techniques are discussed in comparison to DESI-MS only to illustrate the larger context of protein analysis by ambient ionization mass spectrometry. The review describes early and current approaches for the analysis of undigested proteins, native proteins, tryptic digests, and indirect protein determination through reporter molecules. Applications to mass spectrometry imaging for protein spatial distributions, the identification of posttranslational modifications, determination of binding stoichiometries, and enzymatic transformations are discussed. The analytical capabilities of other ambient ionization techniques such as LESA and nano-DESI currently exceed those of DESI-MS for in situ surface sampling of intact proteins from tissues. This review shows, however, that despite its many limitations, DESI-MS is making valuable contributions to protein analysis. The challenges in sensitivity, spatial resolution, and mass range are surmountable obstacles and further development and improvements to DESI-MS is justified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre R Venter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Müller I, Schmid B, Bosa L, Morlock GE. Screening of α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor activity in wheat, spelt and einkorn by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 38687148 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00402g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
α-Amylase/trypsin inhibitor proteins (ATI) are discussed as possible triggers for non-celiac gluten sensitivity. The potential of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) was studied for the first time to analyse the inhibitory properties of ATIs from flour of wheat, spelt, and einkorn. Inhibition by each flour of the digestive enzymes trypsin or α-amylase was determined by the reduction of released metabolisation products in comparison to non-digested flour, and positive (acarbose) and negative (water) controls. Firstly, amylolysis was carried out in miniaturized form on the HPTLC surface (HPTLC-nanoGIT) after in-vial pre-incubation of the amylase with the inhibitors from flour. α-Amylase inhibition was evident via the reduction of released saccharides, as analysed by normal phase HPTLC. A strong influence of the flour matrix on the assay results (individual saccharides) was evident, caused by an increased amylolysis of further polysaccharides present, making HPTLC analysis more reliable than currently used spectrophotometric sum value assays. The detection and visualization of such matrix influence helps to understand the problems associated with spectrophotometric assays. Only maltotriose was identified as a reliable marker of the amylolysis. The highest α-amylase inhibition and thus the lowest saccharide response was detected for maltotriose in refined spelt, whereas the lowest α-amylase inhibition and thus the highest saccharide response was detected for maltotriose in refined wheat. A comparison of refined and whole grain flours showed no clear trend in the responses. Secondly, trypsin inhibition and proteolysis were performed in-vial, and any inhibition was evident via the reduction of released peptides, analysed by reversed-phase HPTLC. Based on the product pattern of the proteolysis, einkorn and whole wheat showed the highest trypsin inhibition, whereas refined wheat and refined spelt showed the lowest inhibition. Advantageously, HPTLC analysis provided important information on changes in individual saccharides or peptides, which was more reliable and sustainable than spectrophotometric in-vial assays (only sum value) or liquid column chromatography analysis (targeting only the ATI proteins).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Müller
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Bianca Schmid
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Loredana Bosa
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Gertrud Elisabeth Morlock
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography-Immunostaining as a Technique for the Characterization of Whey Protein Enrichment in Edam Cheese. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040534. [PMID: 35206011 PMCID: PMC8871023 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Whey protein-enriched cheese can be produced by means of a high-temperature treatment of a part of the cheese milk. In this way, the nutritional quality of the resulting cheeses can be increased while resources are conserved. High-performance thin-layer chromatography-immunostaining (HPTLC-IS) using specific β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) antibodies was applied to study the implementation and stability of β-LG in two different sample sets of whey protein-enriched Edam model cheeses, including industrial-scale ones. Two methods were compared for the extraction of the proteins/peptides from the cheese samples. By applying tryptic hydrolysis directly from a suspended cheese sample instead of a supernatant of a centrifuged suspension, a better yield was obtained for the extraction of β-LG. When applying this method, it was found that selected epitopes in the tryptic β-LG peptides remain stable over the ripening period of the cheese. For four of the tryptic β-LG peptides detected by immunostaining, the amino acid sequence was identified using MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. One of the peptides identified was the semi-tryptic peptide VYVEELKPTP. A linear relationship was found between the content of this peptide in cheese and the proportion of high-heated milk in the cheese milk. β-LG enrichment factors of 1.72 (n = 3, sample set I) and 1.33 ± 0.19 (n = 1, sample set II) were determined for the cheese samples containing 30% high-heated milk compared to the non-enriched samples. The relative β-LG contents in the cheese samples with 30% high-heated milk were calculated to be 4.35% ± 0.39% (sample set I) and 9.11% ± 0.29% (sample set II) using a one-point calibration. It can be concluded that the HPTLC-IS method used is a suitable tool for the analysis of whey protein accumulation in cheese, being therefore potentially directly applicable on an industrial scale. For more accurate quantification of the whey protein content in cheese, an enhanced calibration curve needs to be applied.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang M, Zhang Y, Wang R, Wang Z, Yang B, Kuang H. An Evolving Technology That Integrates Classical Methods with Continuous Technological Developments: Thin-Layer Chromatography Bioautography. Molecules 2021; 26:4647. [PMID: 34361800 PMCID: PMC8347725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) bioautography is an evolving technology that integrates the separation and analysis technology of TLC with biological activity detection technology, which has shown a steep rise in popularity over the past few decades. It connects TLC with convenient, economic and intuitive features and bioautography with high levels of sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we discuss the research progress of TLC bioautography and then establish a definite timeline to introduce it. This review summarizes known TLC bioautography types and practical applications for determining antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and antioxidant compounds and for inhibiting glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, tyrosinase and cholinesterase activity constitutes. Nowadays, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to identify original, natural products with anti-COVID potential compounds from Chinese traditional medicine and natural medicinal plants. We also give an account of detection techniques, including in situ and ex situ techniques; even in situ ion sources represent a major reform. Considering the current technical innovations, we propose that the technology will make more progress in TLC plates with higher separation and detection technology with a more portable and extensive scope of application. We believe this technology will be diffusely applied in medicine, biology, agriculture, animal husbandry, garden forestry, environmental management and other fields in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China; (M.W.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Z.W.); (B.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Treblin M, von Oesen T, Class LC, Kuhnen G, Clawin-Rädecker I, Martin D, Fritsche J, Rohn S. Two-dimensional high-performance thin-layer chromatography for the characterization of milk peptide properties and a prediction of the retention behavior - a proof-of-principle study. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462442. [PMID: 34365201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is a suitable method for the analysis of peptides and proteins due to a wide selection of stationary and mobile phases and various detection options. Especially, two-dimensional HPTLC (2D-HPTLC) enables a higher resolution compared to one-dimensional HPTLC in the separation of complex peptide mixtures. Similar to 2D electrophoresis, characteristic peptide patterns can be obtained, allowing a differentiation of ingredients based on varying protein origins. The aim of this study was to evaluate 2D-HPTLC with regard to its suitability for the characterization of proteins/peptides and to verify whether it is possible to predict the retention behavior of peptides based on their properties. As models, the five most abundant milk proteins α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, α-, β-, and κ-Casein were used. In order to determine the repeatability of the peptide separation by 2D-HPTLC, each tryptic protein hydrolyzate was separated eight times. The standard deviations of the retardation factors for the separated peptides varied between 1.0 and 11.1 mm for the x-coordinate and 0.5-7.3 mm for the y-coordinate. It was also shown that after the chromatographic separation, peptides of the individual protein hydrolyzates were located in specific areas on the HPTLC plate, so that a clustering could be obtained for the whey proteins' as well as the caseins' hydrolyzates. For establishing correlations between the properties of the peptides and their retardation factors, 51 of 85 selected peptides were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS). On this basis, statistically significant correlations (α = 0.05) between the retardation factors of the peptides and their isoelectric points, as well as the percentage of anionic and non-polar amino acids in the peptides were established. Finally, it was investigated, whether the retardation factors for peptides can be predicted on the basis of a linear regression of the percentage of non-polar amino acids in a peptide. For this purpose, a mixture of artifical (synthetic) peptides (n = 14) was separated by 2D-HPTLC and the measured retardation factors were compared with the corresponding retardation factors calculated. Absolute deviations of 0.3-17.9 mm were obtained. In addition, the universal applicability of the method to other protein sources other than milk proteins (animal protein) was tested using a mixture of pea peptides (plant protein, n = 3) resulting in absolute deviations of 0.7-8.6 mm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mascha Treblin
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
| | - Tobias von Oesen
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, Kiel D-24103, Germany
| | - Lisa-Carina Class
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
| | - Gesine Kuhnen
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
| | - Ingrid Clawin-Rädecker
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, Kiel D-24103, Germany
| | - Dierk Martin
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, Kiel D-24103, Germany
| | - Jan Fritsche
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, Kiel D-24103, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, Hamburg D-20146, Germany; Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, TIB 4/3-1, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, Berlin 13355, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The influence of addition of ion-pairing acid and organic modifier of the mobile phase on retention and migration of peptides in pressurized planar electrochromatography system with octadecyl silica-based adsorbent. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1558:77-84. [PMID: 29776673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In our previous papers we have investigated the influence of the mobile phase composition on mechanism of retention, selectivity and efficiency of peptide separation in various high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) systems with commercially available silica-based adsorbents. We have also investigated the influence of pH of the mobile phase buffer on migration and separation of peptides in pressurized planar electrochromatography (PPEC). Here we investigate the influence of concentration of ion-pairing additive, and concentration and type of organic modifier of the mobile phase on migration of peptides in PPEC system with octadecyl silica-based adsorbent, and with the same set of the solutes as before. We compare our current results with the results obtained before for similar HPTLC and PPEC systems, and discuss the influence of particular variables on retention, electrophoretic mobility of solutes and electroosmotic flow of the mobile phase. We show, that the final selectivity of peptide separation results from co-influence of all the three factors mentioned. Concentration of organic modifier of the mobile phase, as well as concentration of ion-pairing additive, affect the retention, the electrophoretic mobility, and the electroosmotic flow simultaneously. This makes independent optimization of these factors rather difficult. Anyway PPEC offers much faster separation of peptides with quite different selectivity, in comparison to HPTLC, with similar adsorbents and similar mobile phase composition. However, we also present and discuss the issue of extensive tailing of peptide zones in the PPEC in comparison to similar HPTLC systems.
Collapse
|
7
|
The influence of pH on retention and migration of peptides in systems with octadecyl silica-based adsorbent by high-performance thin-layer chromatography and pressurized planar electrochromatography techniques. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1534:179-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
8
|
Bianchi F, Riboni N, Termopoli V, Mendez L, Medina I, Ilag L, Cappiello A, Careri M. MS-Based Analytical Techniques: Advances in Spray-Based Methods and EI-LC-MS Applications. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:1308167. [PMID: 29850370 PMCID: PMC5937452 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1308167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is the most powerful technique for the detection and identification of organic compounds. It can provide molecular weight information and a wealth of structural details that give a unique fingerprint for each analyte. Due to these characteristics, mass spectrometry-based analytical methods are showing an increasing interest in the scientific community, especially in food safety, environmental, and forensic investigation areas where the simultaneous detection of targeted and nontargeted compounds represents a key factor. In addition, safety risks can be identified at the early stage through online and real-time analytical methodologies. In this context, several efforts have been made to achieve analytical instrumentation able to perform real-time analysis in the native environment of samples and to generate highly informative spectra. This review article provides a survey of some instrumental innovations and their applications with particular attention to spray-based MS methods and food analysis issues. The survey will attempt to cover the state of the art from 2012 up to 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicolò Riboni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Termopoli
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, LC-MS Laboratory, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Lucia Mendez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Spanish National Research Council (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Isabel Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Spanish National Research Council (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Leopold Ilag
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Achille Cappiello
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, LC-MS Laboratory, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Maria Careri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Immunological analysis of food proteins using high-performance thin-layer chromatography-immunostaining. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1526:157-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Morschheuser L, Wessels H, Pille C, Fischer J, Hünniger T, Fischer M, Paschke-Kratzin A, Rohn S. HPTLC-aptastaining - Innovative protein detection system for high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26665. [PMID: 27220270 PMCID: PMC4879557 DOI: 10.1038/srep26665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein analysis using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is not commonly used but can complement traditional electrophoretic and mass spectrometric approaches in a unique way. Due to various detection protocols and possibilities for hyphenation, HPTLC protein analysis is a promising alternative for e.g., investigating posttranslational modifications. This study exemplarily focused on the investigation of lysozyme, an enzyme which is occurring in eggs and technologically added to foods and beverages such as wine. The detection of lysozyme is mandatory, as it might trigger allergenic reactions in sensitive individuals. To underline the advantages of HPTLC in protein analysis, the development of innovative, highly specific staining protocols leads to improved sensitivity for protein detection on HPTLC plates in comparison to universal protein derivatization reagents. This study aimed at developing a detection methodology for HPTLC separated proteins using aptamers. Due to their affinity and specificity towards a wide range of targets, an aptamer based staining procedure on HPTLC (HPTLC-aptastaining) will enable manifold analytical possibilities. Besides the proof of its applicability for the very first time, (i) aptamer-based staining of proteins is applicable on different stationary phase materials and (ii) furthermore, it can be used as an approach for a semi-quantitative estimation of protein concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Morschheuser
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg
| | - Hauke Wessels
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg
| | - Christina Pille
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg
| | - Judith Fischer
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg
| | - Tim Hünniger
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg
| | - Markus Fischer
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg
| | - Angelika Paschke-Kratzin
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg
| | - Sascha Rohn
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gwarda RŁ, Aletańska-Kozak M, Klimek-Turek A, Ziajko-Jankowska A, Matosiuk D, Dzido TH. Influence of carboxylic ion-pairing reagents on retention of peptides in thin-layer chromatography systems with C18 silica-based adsorbents. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1440:229-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
12
|
Gwarda RŁ, Aletańska-Kozak M, Matosiuk D, Dzido TH. Inversion of type of separation system in planar chromatography of peptides, using C18 silica-based adsorbents. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1440:240-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
13
|
Kaddi CD, Bennett RV, Paine MRL, Banks MD, Weber AL, Fernández FM, Wang MD. DetectTLC: Automated Reaction Mixture Screening Utilizing Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Image Features. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:359-65. [PMID: 26508443 PMCID: PMC5003040 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Full characterization of complex reaction mixtures is necessary to understand mechanisms, optimize yields, and elucidate secondary reaction pathways. Molecular-level information for species in such mixtures can be readily obtained by coupling mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) with thin layer chromatography (TLC) separations. User-guided investigation of imaging data for mixture components with known m/z values is generally straightforward; however, spot detection for unknowns is highly tedious, and limits the applicability of MSI in conjunction with TLC. To accelerate imaging data mining, we developed DetectTLC, an approach that automatically identifies m/z values exhibiting TLC spot-like regions in MS molecular images. Furthermore, DetectTLC can also spatially match m/z values for spots acquired during alternating high and low collision-energy scans, pairing product ions with precursors to enhance structural identification. As an example, DetectTLC is applied to the identification and structural confirmation of unknown, yet significant, products of abiotic pyrazinone and aminopyrazine nucleoside analog synthesis. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanchala D Kaddi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Rachel V Bennett
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- The Coca-Cola Company, 1 Coca-Cola Plaza, Atlanta, GA, 30313, USA
| | - Martin R L Paine
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Mitchel D Banks
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Arthur L Weber
- SETI Institute, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - May D Wang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Winter GT, Wilhide JA, LaCourse WR. Molecular Ionization-Desorption Analysis Source (MIDAS) for Mass Spectrometry: Thin-Layer Chromatography. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:352-358. [PMID: 26471042 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular ionization-desorption analysis source (MIDAS), which is a desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (DAPCI) type source, for mass spectrometry has been developed as a multi-functional platform for the direct sampling of surfaces. In this article, its utility for the analysis of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates is highlighted. Amino acids, which are difficult to visualize without staining reagents or charring, were detected and identified directly from a TLC plate. To demonstrate the full potential of MIDAS, all active ingredients from an analgesic tablet, separated on a TLC plate, were successfully detected using both positive and negative ion modes. The identity of each of the compounds was confirmed from their mass spectra and compared against standards. Post separation, the chemical signal (blue permanent marker) as reference marks placed at the origin and solvent front were used to calculate retention factor (Rf) values from the resulting ion chromatogram. The quantitative capabilities of the device were exhibited by scanning caffeine spots on a TLC plate of increasing sample amount. A linear curve based on peak are, R2 = 0.994, was generated for seven spots ranging from 50 to 1000 ng of caffeine per spot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Winter
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
High-performance thin-layer chromatography as a fast screening tool for phosphorylated peptides. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1008:198-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
16
|
Biller J, Morschheuser L, Riedner M, Rohn S. Development of optimized mobile phases for protein separation by high performance thin layer chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1415:146-54. [PMID: 26341592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, protein chemistry tends inexorably toward the analysis of more complex proteins, proteoforms, and posttranslational protein modifications. Although mass spectrometry developed quite fast correspondingly, sample preparation and separation of these analytes is still a major issue and quite challenging. For many years, electrophoresis seemed to be the method of choice; nonetheless its variance is limited to parameters such as size and charge. When taking a look at traditional (thin-layer) chromatography, further parameters such as polarity and different mobile and stationary phases can be utilized. Further, possibilities of detection are manifold compared to electrophoresis. Similarly, two-dimensional separation can be also performed with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). As the revival of TLC developed enormously in the last decade, it seems to be also an alternative to use high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for the separation of proteins. The aim of this study was to establish an HPTLC separation system that allows a separation of protein mixtures over a broad polarity range, or if necessary allowing to modify the separation with only few steps to improve the separation for a specific scope. Several layers and solvent systems have been evaluated to reach a fully utilized and optimized separation system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Biller
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Morschheuser
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Riedner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Mass Spectrometric Facility, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gwarda R, Tomczyszyn A, Misicka A, Dzido T. Retention and separation efficiency of some synthetic oligopeptides in reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.27.2015.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
18
|
Rohn S. Possibilities and limitations in the analysis of covalent interactions between phenolic compounds and proteins. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
19
|
Venter AR, Douglass KA, Shelley JT, Hasman G, Honarvar E. Mechanisms of real-time, proximal sample processing during ambient ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 86:233-49. [PMID: 24308499 DOI: 10.1021/ac4038569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andre R Venter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University , Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5413, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rao W, Celiz AD, Scurr DJ, Alexander MR, Barrett DA. Ambient DESI and LESA-MS analysis of proteins adsorbed to a biomaterial surface using in-situ surface tryptic digestion. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1927-36. [PMID: 24048891 PMCID: PMC3837234 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The detection and identification of proteins adsorbed onto biomaterial surfaces under ambient conditions has significant experimental advantages but has proven to be difficult to achieve with conventional measuring technologies. In this study, we present an adaptation of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with in-situ surface tryptic digestion to identify protein species from a biomaterial surface. Cytochrome c, myoglobin, and BSA in a combination of single and mixture spots were printed in an array format onto Permanox slides, followed by in-situ surface digestion and detection via MS. Automated tandem MS performed on surface peptides was able to identify the proteins via MASCOT. Limits of detection were determined for DESI-MS and a comparison of DESI and LESA-MS peptide spectra characteristics and sensitivity was made. DESI-MS images of the arrays were produced and analyzed with imaging multivariate analysis to automatically separate peptide peaks for each of the proteins within a mixture into distinct components. This is the first time that DESI and LESA-MS have been used for the in-situ detection of surface digested proteins on biomaterial surfaces and presents a promising proof of concept for the use of ambient MS in the rapid and automated analysis of surface proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Rao
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Adam D. Celiz
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - David J. Scurr
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - David A. Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Two-dimensional high-performance thin-layer chromatography of tryptic bovine albumin digest using normal- and reverse-phase systems with silanized silica stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1312:152-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
22
|
Tscherch K, Biller J, Lehmann M, Trusch M, Rohn S. One- and two-dimensional high-performance thin-layer chromatography as an alternative analytical tool for investigating polyphenol-protein interactions. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:436-445. [PMID: 23881517 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polyphenols and simple phenolic compounds are able to react with other food constituents during processing and storage. In the past, it has been shown that their reaction with proteins can lead to changes of the technofunctional or even physiological properties of both compound classes. However, identification of specific binding sites of small molecules within a protein sequence (and the corresponding conformational position) is still challenging. OBJECTIVE Investigating the reaction between different food proteins and phenolic compounds in alkaline medium with one- and two-dimensional high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) with time-of-flight (TOF) MS for analysing the peptide profiles after tryptic digestion. METHODS After modification with phenolic compounds, protein derivatives were digested and peptides were separated with one- and two-dimensional HPTLC. Peptide profiles were detected with visible and UV wavelengths as well as with fluorescamine, ninhydrin and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid staining. In order to perform mass spectrometric measurements, peptides separated in the first dimension were analysed by MALDI/TOF/MS. RESULTS Results show that the phenolic acids applied in this study show different specificity and susceptibility when modifying proteins resulting in changes of the peptide profiles, peptide quantity, polarity, UV-activity, radical-scavenging activity and molecular mass. CONCLUSION One- and two-dimensional HPTLC supported by mass spectrometric detection represents an innovative, alternative tool for investigating and understanding polyphenol-protein interactions. This approach enables the identification of binding sites inside the protein chain and contributes to understanding the mechanism of polyphenol-protein interactions in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Tscherch
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sajewicz M, Matlengiewicz M, Juziuk M, Penkala M, Weloe M, Schulz M, Kowalska T. THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF PROLINE PEPTIDIZATION IN SOLUTION AND ITS THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC ENANTIOSEPARATION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.790764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Małgorzata Juziuk
- a Institute of Chemistry , University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Maria Penkala
- a Institute of Chemistry , University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Marcel Weloe
- a Institute of Chemistry , University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Michael Schulz
- b Thin-Layer Chromatography Laboratory, Merck Millipore/Lab Solutions, Merck KGaA , Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Teresa Kowalska
- a Institute of Chemistry , University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shi R, Na N, Jiang F, Ouyang J. Characterization of rhodamine self-assembled films using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:966-974. [PMID: 23559075 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Growth process information and molecular structure identification are very important for characterization of self-assembled films. Here, we explore the possible application of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) that provides the assembled information of rhodamine B (Rh B) and rhodamine 123 (Rh 123) films. With the help of lab-made DESI source, two characteristic ions [Rh B](+) and [Rh 123](+) are observed directly in the open environment. To evaluate the reliability of this technique, a comparative study of ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and our method is carried out, and the result shows good correlation. According to the signal intensity of characteristic ions, the layer-by-layer adsorption process of dyes can be monitored, and the thicknesses of multilayer films can also be comparatively determined. Combining the high sensitivity, selectivity, and speed of mass spectrometry, the selective adsorption of similar structure molecules under different pH is recognized easily from extracted ion chronograms. The variation trend of dyes signalling intensity with concentration of polyelectrolyte is studied as well, which reflects the effect of surface charge on dyes deposition. Additionally, the desorption area, surface morphology, and thicknesses of multilayer films are investigated using fluorescence microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Because the desorption area was approximately as small as 2 mm(2), the distribution situation of organic dyes in an arbitrary position could be gained rapidly, which means DESI-MS has advantages on in situ analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Shi
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Krásný L, Pompach P, Strohalm M, Obsilova V, Strnadová M, Novák P, Volný M. In-situ enrichment of phosphopeptides on MALDI plates modified by ambient ion landing. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:1294-302. [PMID: 23019160 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report substantial in-situ enrichment of phosphopeptides in peptide mixtures using titanium and zirconium dioxide-coated matrix assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) plates prepared by recently reported ambient ion landing deposition technique. The technique was able to modify four common materials currently used for MALDI targets (stainless steel, aluminum, indium-tin oxide glass and polymeric anchor chip). The structure of the deposited dioxide was investigated by electron microscopy, and different surfaces were compared and discussed in this study. Two standard proteins were used to test the enrichment capabilities of modified MALDI plates: casein and in-vitro phosphorylated trehalase. The enrichment of casein tryptic digest resulted in identification of 20 phosphopeptides (including miscleavages). Trehalase was used as a suitable model of larger protein that provided more complex peptide mixture after the trypsin digestion. All four possible phosphorylation sites in trehalase were identified and up to seven phosphopetides were found (including methionine oxidations and miscleavages). Two different mass spectrometers, MALDI-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) and MALDI-time of flight, were used to detect the phosphopeptides from modified MALDI plates after the enrichment procedure. It was observed that the desorption-ionization phenomena on the modified surfaces are not critically influenced by the parameters of the different MALDI ion sources (e.g. different pressure, different extraction voltages), and thus the presence of dioxide layer on the standard MALDI plate does not significantly interfere with the main MALDI processes. The detection of phosphopeptides after the enrichment could be done by both instruments. Desorption electrospray ionization coupled to the FTICR was also tested, but, unlike MALDI, it did not provide satisfactory results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Krásný
- Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Sample preparation has historically been, and continues to be, the most challenging part of the bioanalytical workflow. Several techniques have been developed over the years to deal with the problems of recovery and matrix effects in an effort to increase the reliability and robustness of the bioanalytical method. In recent years certain techniques have come into prominence and gained acceptance in routine sample preparation, and some have shown promise in their use in a discovery environment where speed is critical and method development time is often limited. The aim of this review is to examine several of these techniques and provide examples of their use from the literature, as well as comment on their utility in current workflows.
Collapse
|
27
|
Cheng SC, Huang MZ, Shiea J. Thin layer chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2700-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
28
|
Kim HJ, Oh MS, Hong J, Jang YP. Quantitative analysis of major dibenzocyclooctane lignans in Schisandrae fructus by online TLC-DART-MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2011; 22:258-262. [PMID: 20981871 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source is a powerful ionising technique for the quick and easy detection of various organic molecules without any sample preparation steps, but the lack of quantitation capacity limits its extensive use in the field of phytochemical analysis. OBJECTIVE To improvise a new system which utilize DART-MS as a hyphenated detector for quantitation. METHODOLOGY A total extract of Schisandra chinensis fruit was analyzed on a TLC plate and three major lignan compounds were quantitated by three different methods of UV densitometry, TLC-DART-MS and HPLC-UV to compare the efficiency of each method. To introduce the TLC plate into the DART ion source at a constant velocity, a syringe pump was employed. The DART-MS total ion current chromatogram was recorded for the entire TLC plate. The concentration of each lignan compound was calculated from the calibration curve established with standard compound. RESULTS Gomisin A, gomisin N and schisandrin were well separated on a silica-coated TLC plate and the specific ion current chromatograms were successfully acquired from the TLC-DART-MS system. The TLC-DART-MS system for the quantitation of natural products showed better linearity and specificity than TLC densitometry, and consumed less time and solvent than conventional HPLC method. CONCLUSION A hyphenated system for the quantitation of phytochemicals from crude herbal drugs was successfully established. This system was shown to have a powerful analytical capacity for the prompt and efficient quantitation of natural products from crude drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Walworth MJ, Stankovich JJ, Van Berkel GJ, Schulz M, Minarik S, Nichols J, Reich E. Hydrophobic Treatment Enabling Analysis of Wettable Surfaces Using a Liquid Microjunction Surface Sampling Probe/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry System. Anal Chem 2010; 83:591-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102634e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Walworth
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States; Thin-Layer Chromatography Laboratory, Performance and Life Science Chemicals, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; CAMAG Scientific, Inc., Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, United States; and CAMAG-Laboratory, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Joseph J. Stankovich
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States; Thin-Layer Chromatography Laboratory, Performance and Life Science Chemicals, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; CAMAG Scientific, Inc., Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, United States; and CAMAG-Laboratory, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Gary J. Van Berkel
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States; Thin-Layer Chromatography Laboratory, Performance and Life Science Chemicals, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; CAMAG Scientific, Inc., Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, United States; and CAMAG-Laboratory, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schulz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States; Thin-Layer Chromatography Laboratory, Performance and Life Science Chemicals, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; CAMAG Scientific, Inc., Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, United States; and CAMAG-Laboratory, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Minarik
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States; Thin-Layer Chromatography Laboratory, Performance and Life Science Chemicals, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; CAMAG Scientific, Inc., Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, United States; and CAMAG-Laboratory, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Judy Nichols
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States; Thin-Layer Chromatography Laboratory, Performance and Life Science Chemicals, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; CAMAG Scientific, Inc., Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, United States; and CAMAG-Laboratory, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Eike Reich
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States; Thin-Layer Chromatography Laboratory, Performance and Life Science Chemicals, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; CAMAG Scientific, Inc., Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, United States; and CAMAG-Laboratory, Muttenz, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wiseman JM, Li JB. Elution, Partial Separation, and Identification of Lipids Directly from Tissue Slices on Planar Chromatography Media by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8866-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1016453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica B. Li
- Prosolia, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Morlock G, Schwack W. Hyphenations in planar chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6600-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Pasilis SP, Van Berkel GJ. Atmospheric pressure surface sampling/ionization techniques for direct coupling of planar separations with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3955-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
33
|
Kennedy JH, Wiseman JM. Direct analysis of Salvia divinorum leaves for salvinorin A by thin layer chromatography and desorption electrospray ionization multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:1305-1311. [PMID: 20391602 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is widely cultivated in the US, Mexico, Central and South America and Europe and is consumed for its ability to produce hallucinogenic effects similar to those of other scheduled hallucinogenic drugs, such as LSD. Salvinorin A (SA), a kappa opiod receptor agonist and psychoactive constituent, is found primarily in the leaves and to a lesser extent in the stems of the plant. Herein, the analysis of intact S. divinorum leaves for SA and of acetone extracts separated using thin layer chromatography (TLC) is demonstrated using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry. The detection of SA using DESI in the positive ion mode is characterized by several ions associated with the compound - [M+H](+), [M+NH(4)](+), [M+Na](+), [2M+NH(4)](+), and [2M+Na](+). Confirmation of the identity of these ions is provided through exact mass measurements using a time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometer. The presence of SA in the leaves was confirmed by multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry (MS(n)) of the [M+H](+) ion using a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Direct analysis of the leaves revealed several species of salvinorin in addition to SA as confirmed by MS(n), including salvinorin B, C, D/E, and divinatorin B. Further, the results from DESI imaging of a TLC separation of a commercial leaf extract and an acetone extract of S. divinorum leaves were in concordance with the TLC/DESI-MS results of an authentic salvinorin A standard. The present study provides an example of both the direct analysis of intact plant materials for screening illicit substances and the coupling of TLC and DESI-MS as a simple method for the examination of natural products.
Collapse
|
34
|
Han Y, Levkin P, Abarientos I, Liu H, Svec F, Fréchet JM. Monolithic superhydrophobic polymer layer with photopatterned virtual channel for the separation of peptides using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography-desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:2520-8. [PMID: 20151661 PMCID: PMC2921584 DOI: 10.1021/ac100010h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic monolithic porous polymer layers with a photopatterned hydrophilic channel have been prepared. These layers were used for two-dimensional thin layer chromatography of peptides. The 50 microm thin poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) layers supported onto 4.0 x 3.3 cm glass plates were prepared using UV-initiated polymerization in a simple glass mold. Photografting of a mixture of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate carried out through a mask afforded a 600 microm wide virtual channel along one side of the layer. This channel, which contains ionizable functionalities, enabled the first dimension separation in ion exchange mode. The aqueous mobile phase migrates only through the channel due to the large difference in surface tension at the interface of the hydrophilic channel and the superhydrophobic monolith. The unmodified part of the layer featuring hydrophobic chemistry was then used for the reversed phase separation in the orthogonal second dimension. Practical application of our technique was demonstrated with a rapid 2D separation of a mixture of model peptides differing in hydrophobicity and isoelectric point using a combination of ion-exchange and reversed phase modes. In the former mode, the peptides migrated 11 mm in less than 1 min. Detection of fluorescently labeled peptides was achieved through UV light visualization. Separation of the native peptides was monitored directly using a desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) source coupled to a mass spectrometer. Unidirectional surface scanning with the DESI source was found suitable to determine both the location of each separated peptide and its molecular mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean M.J. Fréchet
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 510 643 3077. Fax: 510 643 3077.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Paglia G, Ifa DR, Wu C, Corso G, Cooks RG. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis of lipids after two-dimensional high-performance thin-layer chromatography partial separation. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1744-50. [PMID: 20128616 PMCID: PMC2830312 DOI: 10.1021/ac902325j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging of separate but still incompletely resolved spots on high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates is used for the direct analysis of porcine brain lipids by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). Eight class-specific spots were imaged in the negative ion mode and shown to contain more than fifty lipids. A low lateral resolution of 400 x 400 microm allowed simple, rapid, and incomplete separation to be combined with DESI imaging for the identification of many components of these extremely complex mixtures. In this work, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was also employed to confirm the identity of particular lipids directly on HPTLC plates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Paglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 1-71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Demian R. Ifa
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN – 47907
| | - Chunping Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN – 47907
| | - Gaetano Corso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 1-71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN – 47907
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sherma
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Emory JF, Walworth MJ, Van Berkel GJ, Schulz M, Minarik S. Direct analysis of reversed-phase high-performance thin layer chromatography separated tryptic protein digests using a liquid microjunction surface sampling probe/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry system. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2010; 16:21-33. [PMID: 20065522 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The sampling, ionization and detection of tryptic peptides separated in one-dimension on reversed-phase high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates was performed using liquid microjunction surface sampling probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Tryptic digests of five proteins [cytochrome c, myoglobin, beta-casein, lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA)] were spotted on reversed phase HPTLC RP-8 F254s and HPTLC RP-18 F254s plates. The plates were then developed using 70/30 methanol/water with 0.1M ammonium acetate. A dual purpose extraction/electrospray solution containing 70/30/0.1 water/methanol/formic acid was infused through the sampling probe during analysis of the developed lanes. Both full scan mass spectra and data dependent tandem mass spectra were acquired for each development lane to detect and verify the peptide distributions. Data dependent tandem mass spectra provided both protein identification and sequence coverage information. Highest sequence coverages were achieved for cytochrome c and myoglobin (62.5% and 58.3%, respectively) on reversed phase RP-8 plates. While the tryptic peptides were separated enough for identification, the peptide bands did show some overlap with most peptides located in the lower half of the development lane. Proteins whose peptides were more separated gave higher sequence coverage. Larger proteins such as beta-casein and BSA which were spotted in lower relative amounts gave much lower sequence coverage than the smaller proteins.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Caseins/analysis
- Caseins/isolation & purification
- Cattle
- Chickens
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/instrumentation
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
- Chromatography, Reverse-Phase/instrumentation
- Chromatography, Reverse-Phase/methods
- Chromatography, Thin Layer/instrumentation
- Chromatography, Thin Layer/methods
- Cytochromes c/analysis
- Cytochromes c/isolation & purification
- Equipment Design
- Horses
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muramidase/analysis
- Muramidase/isolation & purification
- Myoglobin/analysis
- Myoglobin/isolation & purification
- Proteins/analysis
- Proteins/isolation & purification
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/analysis
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/isolation & purification
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Emory
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6131, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pasilis SP, Kertesz V, Van Berkel GJ, Schulz M, Schorcht S. HPTLC/DESI-MS imaging of tryptic protein digests separated in two dimensions. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:1627-1635. [PMID: 18563861 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) was demonstrated as a method to detect and identify peptides from two-dimensional separations of cytochrome c and myoglobin tryptic digests on ProteoChrom HPTLC Cellulose sheets. Data-dependent tandem mass spectra were acquired during lane scans across the TLC plates. Peptides and the corresponding proteins were identified using a protein database search software. Two-dimensional distributions of identified peptides were mapped for each separated protein digest. Sequence coverages for cytochrome c and myoglobin were 81 and 74%, respectively. These compared well with those determined using the more standard HPLC/ESI-MS/MS approach (89 and 84%, respectively). Preliminary results show that use of more sensitive instrumentation has the potential for improved detection of peptides with low R(f) values and improvement in sequence coverage. However, less multiple charging and more sodiation were seen in HPTLC/DESI-MS spectra relative to HPLC/ESI-MS spectra, which can affect peptide identification by MS/MS. Methods to increase multiple charging and reduce the extent of sodiation are currently under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie P Pasilis
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6131, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Luykx DMAM, Peters RJB, van Ruth SM, Bouwmeester H. A review of analytical methods for the identification and characterization of nano delivery systems in food. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:8231-8247. [PMID: 18759445 DOI: 10.1021/jf8013926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Detection and characterization of nano delivery systems is an essential part of understanding the benefits as well as the potential toxicity of these systems in food. This review gives a detailed description of food nano delivery systems based on lipids, proteins, and/or polysaccharides and investigates the current analytical techniques that can be used for the identification and characterization of these delivery systems in food products. The analytical approaches have been subdivided into three groups; separation techniques, imaging techniques, and characterization techniques. The principles of the techniques together with their advantages and drawbacks, and reported applications concerning nano delivery systems, or otherwise related compounds are discussed. The review shows that for a sufficient characterization, the nano delivery systems need to be separated from the food matrix, for which high-performance liquid chromatography or field flow fractionation are the most promising techniques. Subsequently, online photon correlation spectroscopy and mass spectrometry seem to be a convenient combination of techniques to characterize a wide variety of nano delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dion M A M Luykx
- Institute of Food Safety, RIKILT, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|