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A Validated UHPLC-MS/MS Method to Quantify Eight Antibiotics in Quantitative Dried Blood Spots in Support of Pharmacokinetic Studies in Neonates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020199. [PMID: 36830110 PMCID: PMC9952362 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conduction of pharmacokinetic (PK) study in pediatric patients is challenging due to blood sampling limits. The dried blood spots (DBS) method represents a potential matrix for microsampling in support of PK studies in children. Herein, we used the Capitainer® qDBS device to develop a DBS method that can collect an exact 10 µL volume of blood on a paper card. This DBS method was developed to simultaneously quantify the concentrations of eight antibiotics, including sulbactam, tazobactam, ampicillin, meropenem, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, piperacillin, and metronidazole using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). METHODS The prepared DBS samples were extracted in methanol containing acetaminophen as the internal standard at 20 °C on a block bath shaker at 500 rpm for 30 min. The extracted antibiotics were eluted on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 µm) using gradient elution with a total chromatographic run time of 6.5 min. The precursor and product ions of the analytes were detected by use of the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. RESULTS No interfering peaks at the respective retention times of the analytes were observed in DBS samples. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) for the antibiotics were between 0.25 and 2.0 μg/mL, and satisfactory accuracies (intra/inter-assay bias -16.7 to +13.6%) and precisions (intra/inter-assay coefficient of variations 1.5-15.6%) were obtained for the analytes. As a proof of concept, the method was applied to DBS samples obtained from neonatal patients treated with ampicillin and piperacillin/sulbactam. CONCLUSIONS The DBS method is simple and robust, and it can be used in children with limited blood sampling.
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2
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Joubert A, Joubert A, van der Merwe M, Norman J, Castel S, Denti P, Sliwa K, Maartens G, Sinxadi P, Wiesner L. Validation of a quantitative multiplex LC-MS/MS assay of carvedilol, enalaprilat, and perindoprilat in dried blood spots from heart failure patients and its cross validation with a plasma assay. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2022; 27:7-17. [PMID: 36568714 PMCID: PMC9772843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adherence to medication is an important determinant of outcomes in chronic diseases like heart failure. Drug assays provide objective adherence biomarkers. Dried blood spots (DBS) are appealing samples for drug assays due to less demanding transportation and storage requirements. Objectives To analytically validate a LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of carvedilol, enalaprilat, and perindoprilat in DBS and evaluate the feasibility of using the method as an adherence determining assay. To validate the assay further clinically by establishing correlation and agreement between plasma and DBS samples from a pharmacokinetic pilot study. Methods The method was validated over a concentration range of 1.00-200 ng/mL according to FDA guidelines. Adherence tracking ability of the assay was evaluated using a pharmacokinetic pilot study. Correlation and agreement were evaluated through Deming regression and Bland-Altman analysis, respectively. Results Accuracy, precision, selectivity, and sensitivity were proven with complete and reproducible extraction recovery at all concentrations tested. Stability of the analytes in the matrix and throughout sample processing was proven. The full range of concentrations of the pharmacokinetic pilot study could be quantified for enalaprilat, but not for carvedilol and perindoprilat. The difference between the observed and calculated plasma concentrations was less than 20 % of their mean for >67 % of samples for all analytes. Conclusions The assay is suitable as a screening tool for carvedilol and perindoprilat, while suitable as an adherence determining assay for enalaprilat. Equivalence between observed and predicted plasma concentrations proves DBS and plasma concentrations can be used interchangeably.
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Key Words
- ACE-I, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- ALQ, Above the Limit of Quantitation
- Adherence
- BD, Bidaily
- BMI, Body mass index
- CHF, Chronic Heart Failure
- CID, Collision-induced dissociation
- CV, Co-efficient of variation
- Carvedilol
- DBS, Dried Blood Spots
- Dried blood spots
- EMA, European Medicines Agency
- ESI, Electrospray ionization
- Enalaprilat
- HF, Heart Failure
- ISTD, Internal standard
- ITP, Initial testing procedure
- LC-MS/MS
- LC-MS/MS, Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
- LLOQ, lower limit of quantitation
- LOD, Limit of detection
- MRM, Multiple reaction monitoring
- NYHA FC, New York Heart Association Functional Classification
- OD, Once Daily
- Perindoprilat
- QC DIL, Quality control dilution
- QC LLOQ, Quality control lowest level of quantification
- QC, Quality Control
- QCH, Quality control high
- QCL, Quality control low
- QCM, Quality control medium
- S/N, signal-to-noise ratio
- SOP, Standard operating procedure
- ULOQ, upper limit of quantification
- VAMS, volumetric absorptive micro sampling
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Joubert
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anton Joubert
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marthinus van der Merwe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Norman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandra Castel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paolo Denti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Cape Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gary Maartens
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Phumla Sinxadi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Corresponding author.
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Li L, Qiu Z, Qi Y, Zhao D, Ali I, Sun C, Xu L, Zheng Z, Ma C. AuNPs/NiFe-LDHs-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for efficient analysis of metronidazole and its metabolites in water samples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:126893. [PMID: 34479085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used as laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) nanomaterials for the analysis of low-molecular-weight samples. Nickel/iron-layered double hydroxides (NiFe-LDHs) nanosheets can support the anchoring of AuNPs and enhance the ability of desorption/ionization. Their hybrid nanocomposites are expected to produce synergistic effects to improve the performance of LDI-MS. In this work, a novel AuNPs/NiFe-LDHs nanomaterial was synthesized by self-assembly method and characterized based on TEM, SEM, XPS, UV-vis and FTIR-ATR. AuNPs/NiFe-LDHs assisted LDI-TOF MS exhibited higher peak intensity and lower background noise compared with conventional organic matrices. Furthermore, excellent salt and protein tolerance, good repeatability and quantification were observed when MNZ and its metabolites were detected in the range of 1-50 ng·μL-1 (R2 > 0.98), with LODs and LOQs of 0.5 ng·μL-1 and 1 ng·μL-1, respectively. This nanocomposite could also be used for the analysis of some other small molecules, such as antibiotics, sugars, amino acids and pesticides, demonstrating the potential to detect a variety of environmental chemicals. Taken together, the developed method combined the advantages of two nanomaterials and can provide rapid and accurate analysis of MNZ and its metabolites in water samples, as well as some other small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhichang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Qi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, PR China
| | - Dantong Zhao
- Heze Institute for Food and Drug Control, Heze 274000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, Shandong, PR China
| | - Longhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhenjia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Chunxia Ma
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, Shandong, PR China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, PR China.
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4
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Saedi H, Fat'hi MR, Zargar B. Synthesis of
AgNPs
functionalized
CuMOF
/
PPy–rGO
nanocomposite and its use as an electrochemical sensor for metronidazole determination. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamide Saedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fat'hi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz Iran
| | - Behrooz Zargar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz Iran
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5
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Zemanová N, Anzenbacher P, Hudcovic T, Anzenbacherová E. Rapid Determination of Metronidazole and 2-Hydroxymetronidazole in Murine Blood Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:81-87. [PMID: 33876238 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metronidazole is a drug used to treat bacterial and protozoan infections. Nowadays, it is one of the most frequently prescribed drugs worldwide. The main aim of this paper is to present a rapid, reliable and simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to determine metronidazole along with its primary metabolite, 2-hydroxymetronidazole, in plasma or serum using paracetamol as an internal standard. A total of 100% methanol was used to denature plasma proteins. After centrifugation, the supernatant was evaporated under nitrogen flow. The samples were dissolved in the mobile phase and injected into a Li-Chrospher RP-18 column. A total of 10 mmol/L NaH2PO4: acetonitrile (90:10, v/v) solution with a flow rate of 1 mL/min was used as the mobile phase. Metronidazole and 2-hydroxymetronidazole were detected at two different wavelengths at 320 nm and 311 nm, respectively. The method is characterized by high precision (relative standard deviation % < 6). The method was used for the determination of metronidazole and 2-hydroxymetronidazole in murine blood using small amounts of plasma (≤100 μL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Zemanová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 976/3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 976/3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hudcovic
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Doly 183, 549 22 Nový Hrádek, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Anzenbacherová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 976/3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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6
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Barr DB, Kannan K, Cui Y, Merrill L, Petrick LM, Meeker JD, Fennell TR, Faustman EM. The use of dried blood spots for characterizing children's exposure to organic environmental chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110796. [PMID: 33508256 PMCID: PMC7988293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring is a commonly used tool for exposure assessment of organic environmental chemicals with urine and blood samples being the most commonly used matrices. However, for children's studies, blood samples are often difficult to obtain. Dried blood spots (DBS) represent a potential matrix for blood collection in children that may be used for biomonitoring. DBS are typically collected at birth to screen for several congenital disorders and diseases; many of the states that are required to collect DBS archive these spots for years. If the archived DBS can be accessed by environmental health researchers, they potentially could be analyzed to retrospectively assess exposure in these children. Furthermore, DBS can be collected prospectively in the field from children ranging in age from newborn to school-aged with little concern from parents and minimal risk to the child. Here, we review studies that have evaluated the measurement of organic environmental toxicants in both archived and prospectively collected DBS, and where available, the validation procedures that have been performed to ensure these measurements are comparable to traditional biomonitoring measurements. Among studies thus far, the amount of validation has varied considerably with no studies systematically evaluating all parameters from field collection, shipping and storage contamination and stability to laboratory analysis feasibility. These validation studies are requisite to ensure reliability of the measurement and comparability to more traditional matrices. Thus, we offer some recommendations for validation studies and other considerations before DBS should be adopted as a routine matrix for biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Boyd Barr
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuxia Cui
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Lauren M Petrick
- The Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Elaine M Faustman
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Seattle, WA, USA
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7
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The Use of Dried Blood Spots for the Quantification of Antihypertensive Drugs. Int J Anal Chem 2018; 2018:3235072. [PMID: 30154849 PMCID: PMC6093062 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3235072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension or high blood pressure is a harbinger of cardiovascular diseases. There are several classes of drugs used to treat hypertension. This review discusses the use of dried blood spots (DBSs) for the quantification by mass spectrometry (MS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), or, in some cases, by fluorescence detection methods the following antihypertensive medications: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ramipril, ramiprilat, captopril, and lisinopril); angiotensin II receptor antagonists (valsartan, irbesartan, losartan, and losartan carboxylic acid); calcium channel blockers (verapamil, amlodipine, nifedipine, pregabalin, and diltiazem); α blockers (guanfacine, doxazosin, and prazosin); β blockers (propranolol, bisoprolol, atenolol, and metoprolol); endothelin receptor antagonists (bosentan and ambrisentan); and statins (simvastatin, atorvastatin, and rosuvastatin).
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8
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Zhao J, Pan X, Sun X, Pan W, Yu G, Wang J. Detection of metronidazole in honey and metronidazole tablets using carbon dots-based sensor via the inner filter effect. LUMINESCENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Zhao
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Qingdao Agricultural University; Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Qingdao Agricultural University; Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Qingdao Agricultural University; Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Qingdao Agricultural University; Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Guifeng Yu
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Qingdao Agricultural University; Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Jinping Wang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Qingdao Agricultural University; Qingdao P. R. China
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9
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Clinical application of microsampling versus conventional sampling techniques in the quantitative bioanalysis of antibiotics: a systematic review. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:407-423. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional sampling techniques for clinical pharmacokinetic studies often require the removal of large blood volumes from patients. This can result in a physiological or emotional burden, particularly for neonates or pediatric patients. Antibiotic pharmacokinetic studies are typically performed on healthy adults or general ward patients. These may not account for alterations to a patient’s pathophysiology and can lead to suboptimal treatment. Microsampling offers an important opportunity for clinical pharmacokinetic studies in vulnerable patient populations, where smaller sample volumes can be collected. This systematic review provides a description of currently available microsampling techniques and an overview of studies reporting the quantitation and validation of antibiotics using microsampling. A comparison of microsampling to conventional sampling in clinical studies is included.
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10
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Lu J, Spasic D, Delport F, Van Stappen T, Detrez I, Daems D, Vermeire S, Gils A, Lammertyn J. Immunoassay for Detection of Infliximab in Whole Blood Using a Fiber-Optic Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3664-3671. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b05092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Lu
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Filip Delport
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Fox Diagnostics, 9140 Temse, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Stappen
- Laboratory
for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iris Detrez
- Laboratory
for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Devin Daems
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ann Gils
- Laboratory
for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Fox Diagnostics, 9140 Temse, Belgium
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11
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Elkhoudary MM, Abdel Salam RA, Hadad GM. Development and Optimization of HPLC Analysis of Metronidazole, Diloxanide, Spiramycin and Cliquinol in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Using Experimental Design. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1701-1712. [PMID: 27621138 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A new simple, sensitive, rapid and accurate gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (RP-HPLC-DAD) was developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of Metronidazole (MNZ), Spiramycin (SPY), Diloxanidefuroate (DIX) and Cliquinol (CLQ) using statistical experimental design. Initially, a resolution V fractional factorial design was used in order to screen five independent factors: the column temperature (°C), pH, phosphate buffer concentration (mM), flow rate (ml/min) and the initial fraction of mobile phase B (%). pH, flow rate and initial fraction of mobile phase B were identified as significant, using analysis of variance. The optimum conditions of separation determined with the aid of central composite design were: (1) initial mobile phase concentration: phosphate buffer/methanol (50/50, v/v), (2) phosphate buffer concentration (50 mM), (3) pH (4.72), (4) column temperature 30°C and (5) mobile phase flow rate (0.8 ml min-1). Excellent linearity was observed for all of the standard calibration curves, and the correlation coefficients were above 0.9999. Limits of detection for all of the analyzed compounds ranged between 0.02 and 0.11 μg ml-1; limits of quantitation ranged between 0.06 and 0.33 μg ml-1 The proposed method showed good prediction ability. The optimized method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Three commercially available tablets were analyzed showing good % recovery and %RSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Elkhoudary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El Arish, North Sinai, Egypt.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudia Arabia
| | - Randa A Abdel Salam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Hadad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Morcoss MM, Abdelwahab NS, Ali NW, Elsaady MT. Different chromatographic methods for simultaneous determination of diloxanide furoate, metronidazole and its toxic impurity. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-016-0881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Quantitative analysis of methyl and propyl parabens in neonatal DBS using LC–MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1173-82. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Excipients are used to overcome the chemical, physical and microbiological challenges posed by developing formulated medicines. Both methyl and propyl paraben are commonly used in pediatric liquid formulations. There is no data on systemic exposure to parabens in neonates. The European Study of Neonatal Exposure to Excipients project has investigated this. Results & methodology: DBS sampling was used to collect opportunistic blood samples. Parabens were extracted from the DBS and analyzed using a validated LC–MS/MS assay. Discussion & conclusion: The above assay was applied to analyze neonatal DBS samples. The blood concentrations of parabens in neonates confirm systemic exposure to parabens following administration of routine medicines.
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Boron doped diamond sensor for sensitive determination of metronidazole: Mechanistic and analytical study by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 59:604-610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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DBS sampling: a journey. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:1967-70. [PMID: 26327177 DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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16
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Liu M, Li XY, Li JJ, Su XM, Wu ZY, Li PF, Lei FH, Tan XC, Shi ZW. Synthesis of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective separation and determination of metronidazole in cosmetic samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:3875-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Procedures and practices for the validation of bioanalytical methods using dried blood spots: a review. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:2481-514. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling, the collection of whole blood samples on paper, is an emerging technique used for bioanalytical methods. Several analytical challenges, such as possible effects of spotting volume, hematocrit and spot inhomogeneity are identified for these methods, however, no regulatory-based guidelines for the specific validation of DBS-based assays are available hitherto. To date, 68 validation reports concerning methods for the quantitative determination of drugs in human DBS could be traced in the literature, with large differences in the extensiveness of the reported validations. This review aims to present an overview of these published validations. Additionally, the different challenges of DBS-based assays are discussed and recommendations on how to perform validation tests addressing these challenges are provided.
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Ma WL, Gao C, Bell EM, Druschel CM, Caggana M, Aldous KM, Louis GMB, Kannan K. Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in archived dried blood spots and its application to track temporal trends of environmental chemicals in newborns. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 133:204-10. [PMID: 24968082 PMCID: PMC4119526 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) collected from infants shortly after birth for the newborn screening program (NSP) in the United States are valuable resources for the assessment of exposure to environmental chemicals in newborns. The NSP was debuted as a public health program in the United States in the 1960s; and the DBS samples collected over a period of time can be used in tracking temporal trends in exposure to environmental chemicals by newborns. In this study, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured in DBS samples collected from newborns in Upstate New York from 1997 to 2011 by gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). Twelve PCBs and two OCPs were found in DBS samples at a detection rate above 50% (n=51). The mean whole blood concentration of ΣPCBs (sum of 12 congeners) over the 15-year period was 1.06 ng/mL, followed by p,p'-DDE (0.421 ng/mL) and HCB (0.065 ng/mL). The measured concentrations of PCBs and p,p'-DDE in infants'blood were comparable to those reported in cord blood, suggesting maternal/trans-placental transfer of these compounds from mothers to fetuses. The concentrations of ΣPCBs and p,p'-DDE in blood samples of infants decreased significantly between 1997 and 2001, and no significant reduction was found thereafter. This observation is consistent with the trends reported for these chemicals in other human tissues in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Ma
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chongjing Gao
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Erin M Bell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Charlotte M Druschel
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental & Occupational Epidemiology, Empire State Plaza-Corning Tower, Room 1203, Albany, NY 12237, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Michele Caggana
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Kenneth M Aldous
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Germaine M Buck Louis
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institutes of Health, 6100 Executive Blvd. Room 7B03, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Watt KM, Zhou C, Bloom BT, Poindexter B, Castro L, Gao J, Capparelli EV, Benjamin DK, Smith PB. Developmental pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and tazobactam using plasma and dried blood spots from infants. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:2856-65. [PMID: 24614369 PMCID: PMC3993246 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02139-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Piperacillin-tazobactam is often given to infants with severe infection in spite of limited pharmacokinetics (PK) data. We evaluated piperacillin-tazobactam PK in premature and term infants of ages <61 days with suspected systemic infection. Infants received intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam (80 to 100 mg/kg of body weight every 8 h [q 8 h]) based on gestational and postnatal age. Sparse plasma samples were obtained after first and multiple doses. Drug concentrations were measured by tandem mass spectrometry. PK data were analyzed using population nonlinear mixed-effect modeling. Target attainment rates for the time unbound piperacillin concentrations remained above the MIC for 50% and 75% of the dosing interval at steady state were evaluated. Bias in population PK parameter estimates was assessed for dried blood spot (DBS) samples, and a comparability analysis was performed for DBS and plasma drug concentrations using linear regression. We obtained 128 plasma samples from 32 infants, median gestational age of 30 weeks (range, 23 to 40 weeks) and postnatal age of 8 days (range, 1 to 60). Piperacillin and tazobactam PK models included body weight (WT) and postmenstrual age (PMA) as covariates for clearance and WT for volume of distribution and were used to optimize dosing in infants. DBS drug concentrations were 50 to 60% lower than those in plasma, but when combined with plasma concentrations and a matrix effect, the data generated PK model parameters similar to those for plasma alone. With PMA-based dosing (100 mg/kg q 8 h, 80 mg/kg q 6 h, and 80 mg/kg q 4 h for PMA of ≤30, 30 to 35, and 35 to 49 weeks, respectively), 90% of simulated infants achieved the surrogate therapeutic target of time above the MIC (≤32 mg/liter) for 75% of the dosing interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin M. Watt
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barry T. Bloom
- Wichita Medical Research and Education Foundation, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Lisa Castro
- Overland Park Regional Medical Center, Overland Park, Kansas, USA
| | - Jamie Gao
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edmund V. Capparelli
- Department of Pediatric Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Daniel K. Benjamin
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - P. Brian Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Sharma A, Jaiswal S, Shukla M, Lal J. Dried blood spots: Concepts, present status, and future perspectives in bioanalysis. Drug Test Anal 2014; 6:399-414. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhisheak Sharma
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India
| | - Swati Jaiswal
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India
| | - Mahendra Shukla
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India
| | - Jawahar Lal
- Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India
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Hawwa AF, AlBawab A, Rooney M, Wedderburn LR, Beresford MW, McElnay JC. A novel dried blood spot-LCMS method for the quantification of methotrexate polyglutamates as a potential marker for methotrexate use in children. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89908. [PMID: 24587116 PMCID: PMC3934981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Development and validation of a selective and sensitive LCMS method for the determination of methotrexate polyglutamates in dried blood spots (DBS). Methods DBS samples [spiked or patient samples] were prepared by applying blood to Guthrie cards which was then dried at room temperature. The method utilised 6-mm disks punched from the DBS samples (equivalent to approximately 12 µl of whole blood). The simple treatment procedure was based on protein precipitation using perchloric acid followed by solid phase extraction using MAX cartridges. The extracted sample was chromatographed using a reversed phase system involving an Atlantis T3-C18 column (3 µm, 2.1×150 mm) preceded by Atlantis guard column of matching chemistry. Analytes were subjected to LCMS analysis using positive electrospray ionization. Key Results The method was linear over the range 5–400 nmol/L. The limits of detection and quantification were 1.6 and 5 nmol/L for individual polyglutamates and 1.5 and 4.5 nmol/L for total polyglutamates, respectively. The method has been applied successfully to the determination of DBS finger-prick samples from 47 paediatric patients and results confirmed with concentrations measured in matched RBC samples using conventional HPLC-UV technique. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance The methodology has a potential for application in a range of clinical studies (e.g. pharmacokinetic evaluations or medication adherence assessment) since it is minimally invasive and easy to perform, potentially allowing parents to take blood samples at home. The feasibility of using DBS sampling can be of major value for future clinical trials or clinical care in paediatric rheumatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F. Hawwa
- Clinical and Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - AbdelQader AlBawab
- Clinical and Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine Rooney
- School of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast and Musgrave Park Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy R. Wedderburn
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology at University College London, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. Beresford
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, The Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - James C. McElnay
- Clinical and Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Zheng N, Zeng J, Ji QC, Angeles A, Buzescu A, Basdeo S, Aubry AF, Trouba K, Patrone LM, Peng Q, Arnold ME. Improved liquid–liquid extraction with inter-well volume replacement dilution workflow and its application to quantify BMS-927711 in rat dried blood spots by UHPLC–MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 89:240-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Antelo-Domínguez Á, Ángel Cocho J, Jesús Tabernero M, María Bermejo A, Bermejo-Barrera P, Moreda-Piñeiro A. Simultaneous determination of cocaine and opiates in dried blood spots by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2013; 117:235-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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State-of-the-art dried blood spot analysis: an overview of recent advances and future trends. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:2187-208. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dried blood spots have become a popular method in a variety of micro blood-sampling techniques in the life sciences sector, consequently competing with the field of conventional, invasive blood sampling by venepuncture. Dried blood spots are widely applied in numerous bioanalytical assays and have gained a significant role in the screening of inherited metabolic diseases, in PK and PD modeling; in the treatment and diagnosis of infectious diseases; and in therapeutic drug monitoring. Recent technological developments such as automation, online extraction, mass spectrometric direct analysis and also conventional dried blood spot bioanalysis, as well as future developments in dried blood spot bioanalysis are highlighted and presented in this article.
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25
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Ambach L, Hernández Redondo A, König S, Weinmann W. Rapid and simple LC-MS/MS screening of 64 novel psychoactive substances using dried blood spots. Drug Test Anal 2013; 6:367-75. [PMID: 23868723 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The range of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) including phenethylamines, cathinones, piperazines, tryptamines, etc. is continuously growing. Therefore, fast and reliable screening methods for these compounds are essential and needed. The use of dried blood spots (DBS) for a fast straightforward approach helps to simplify and shorten sample preparation significantly. DBS were produced from 10 µl of whole blood and extracted offline with 500 µl methanol followed by evaporation and reconstitution in mobile phase. Reversed-phase chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric detection (RP-LC-MS/MS) was achieved within a run time of 10 min. The screening method was validated by evaluating the following parameters: limit of detection (LOD), matrix effect, selectivity and specificity, extraction efficiency, and short-term and long-term stability. Furthermore, the method was applied to authentic samples and results were compared with those obtained with a validated whole blood method used for routine analysis of NPS. LOD was between 1 and 10 ng/ml. No interference from matrix compounds was observed. The method was proven to be specific and selective for the analytes, although with limitations for 3-FMC/flephedrone and MDDMA/MDEA. Mean extraction efficiency was 84.6 %. All substances were stable in DBS for at least a week when cooled. Cooling was essential for the stability of cathinones. Prepared samples were stable for at least 3 days. Comparison to the validated whole blood method yielded similar results. DBS were shown to be useful in developing a rapid screening method for NPS with simplified sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ambach
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
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26
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Otero-Fernández M, Cocho JÁ, Tabernero MJ, Bermejo AM, Bermejo-Barrera P, Moreda-Piñeiro A. Direct tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous assay of opioids, cocaine and metabolites in dried urine spots. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 784:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abdelaleem EA, Abdelwahab NS. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF SOME ANTIPROTOZOAL DRUGS IN THEIR BINARY AND TERNARY MIXTURES WITH MEBEVERINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN DIFFERENT DOSAGE FORMS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.692149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eglal. A. Abdelaleem
- a Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Bani-Sueif University , Beni-Suef , Egypt
| | - Nada. S. Abdelwahab
- a Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Bani-Sueif University , Beni-Suef , Egypt
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Mommers J, Mengerink Y, Ritzen E, Weusten J, van der Heijden J, van der Wal S. Quantitative analysis of morphine in dried blood spots by using morphine-d3 pre-impregnated dried blood spot cards. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 774:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ma W, Kannan K, Wu Q, Bell EM, Druschel CM, Caggana M, Aldous KM. Analysis of polyfluoroalkyl substances and bisphenol A in dried blood spots by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:4127-38. [PMID: 23404131 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS), collected as part of the newborn screening program (NSP) in the USA, is a valuable resource for studies on environmental chemical exposures and associated health outcomes in newborns. Nevertheless, determination of concentrations of environmental chemicals in DBS requires assays with great sensitivity, as the typical volume of blood available on a DBS with 16-mm diameter disc is approximately 50 μL. In this study, we developed a liquid-liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and bisphenol A (BPA) in DBS. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, and sensitivity, by spiking of target chemicals at different levels on Whatman 903 filter cards, which is used in the collection of DBS by the NSP. Contamination arising from collection, storage, and handling of DBS is an important issue to be considered in the analysis of trace levels of environmental chemicals in DBS. For the evaluation of the magnitude of background contamination, field blanks were prepared from unspotted portions of DBS filter cards collected by the NSP. The method was applied for the measurement of PFOS, PFOA, and BPA in 192 DBS specimens provided by NSP of New York State. PFOS and PFOA were detected in 100 % of the specimens analyzed. The concentrations of PFOS and PFOA measured in DBS were similar to those reported earlier in the whole blood samples of newborns. BPA was also found in 86 % of the specimens at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 36 ng/mL (excluding two outliers). Further studies are needed to evaluate the sources of BPA exposures and health outcomes in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Ma
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
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Determination of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate from dried blood spots. Int J Legal Med 2013; 127:769-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-012-0815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ramesh T, Nageswara Rao P, Nageswara Rao R, Satyanarayana KVV. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography for the determination of vesnarinone on dried blood spots; application to pharmacokinetics in rats. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00497j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Quantitative determination of atenolol in dried blood spot samples by LC-HRMS: a potential method for assessing medication adherence. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 897:72-9. [PMID: 22552005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of blood spot collection cards was investigated as a means of obtaining small volume samples for the quantification of therapeutic drugs for assessing medication adherence. A liquid chromatography-high resolution TOF mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method, based on the measurement at the accurate mass to charge ratio of the target analyte, was used to ensure specificity for atenolol in the dried blood spot (DBS) samples. A working method was developed and validated. For the preparation of DBS samples whole blood spiked with analyte was used to produce 30 μl blood spots on specimen collection cards. A 5mm disc was cut from the dried blood spot and extracted using methanol:water (60:40, v/v) containing the internal standard, atenolol-d(7). Extracts were vortexed, sonicated and then centrifuged. Gradient chromatographic elution was achieved using an Ascentis Express C18 100mm×2.1mm column and a mobile phase flow rate of 0.2 ml/min and the column oven temperature at 30 °C. MS detection was carried out in electrospray positive ion mode for target ions at accurate mass m/z 267.1703 for atenolol and 274.2143 for the IS. Drug extraction efficiency from spiked blood spots was demonstrated to be 96±5% and the drug was stable in DBS for at least 10 weeks. The developed LC-HRMS method was linear within the tested calibration range of 25-1500 ng/ml and validation showed the accuracy (relative error) and precision (coefficient of variation) values were within the pre-defined limits of ≤ 5% at all concentrations with a limit of quantification of 25 ng/ml. Factors with potential to affect drug quantification measurements such as the matrix effects, volume of blood applied onto the collection card and effect of different sampling cards were investigated. The developed LC-HRMS method was applied to blood spots on sampling card taken from adult healthy volunteers previously administered a 50mg atenolol tablet and a DBS concentration-time profile was obtained for atenolol. Requiring only a micro volume (30 μl) blood sample for analysis, the developed DBS based assay has the potential to assess patient adherence to atenolol.
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Abdelaleem EA, Abdelwahab NS. Simultaneous determination of some antiprotozoal drugs in different combined dosage forms by mean centering of ratio spectra and multivariate calibration with model updating methods. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:27. [PMID: 22475262 PMCID: PMC3344677 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metronidazole (MET) and Diloxanide Furoate (DF), act as antiprotozoal drugs, in their ternary mixtures with Mebeverine HCl (MEH), an effective antispasmodic drug. This work concerns with the development and validation of two simple, specific and cost effective methods mainly for simultaneous determination of the proposed ternary mixture. In addition, the developed multivariate calibration model has been updated to determine Metronidazole benzoate (METB) in its binary mixture with DF in Dimetrol® suspension. RESULTS Method (I) is the mean centering of ratio spectra spectrophotometric method (MCR) that depends on using the mean centered ratio spectra in two successive steps that eliminates the derivative steps and therefore the signal to noise ratio is enhanced. The developed MCR method has been successfully applied for determination of MET, DF and MEH in different laboratory prepared mixtures and in tablets. Method (II) is the partial least square (PLS) multivariate calibration method that has been optimized for determination of MET, DF and MEH in Dimetrol ® tablets and by updating the developed model, it has been successfully used for prediction of binary mixtures of DF and Metronidazole Benzoate ester (METB) in Dimetrol ® suspension with good accuracy and precision without reconstruction of the calibration set. CONCLUSION The developed methods have been validated; accuracy, precision and specificity were found to be within the acceptable limits. Moreover results obtained by the suggested methods showed no significant difference when compared with those obtained by reported methods. GRAPHICAL
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglal A Abdelaleem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bani-Sueif University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St., 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nada S Abdelwahab
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bani-Sueif University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St., 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Yakkundi S, Millership J, Collier P, Shields MD, McElnay J. Development and validation of a dried blood spot LC–MS/MS assay to quantify ranitidine in paediatric samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:1057-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) in their current format encounter challenges in bioanalysis using fixed areas, including but not limited to, waste of DBS samples (only a fraction is used for analysis), the need for sample punching leading to concerns of sample carryover, uncertainty for accurate recovery assessments and hematocrit (HCT) effects. Here we describe a novel concept, namely perforated dried blood spots (PDBS), for accurate microsampling that addresses previous challenges. PDBS discs were prepared from regular filter paper, with a diameter of 6.35 mm and a thickness of 0.83 mm. An accurate amount of blood sample (5–10 µl), was deposited, dried and stored on the PDBS discs. Upon sample analysis, PDBS samples are simply pushed by single-use pipette tips into 96-well plates. The proof-of-concept study was carried out on a PDBS LC–MS/MS assay development and validation under GLP criteria for the quantitation of lansoprazole in human whole-blood (K3EDTA). Particularly, the effect of HCT on the accuracy of quantitation was found to be related to recovery from PDBS samples. In all, PDBS was proved to be a viable alternative to conventional DBS, offering additional advantages of complete sample utilization, no requirement for punching, ease of recovery assessments, and elimination of sampling influence due to HCT levels.
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Laughon MM, Benjamin DK, Capparelli EV, Kearns GL, Berezny K, Paul IM, Wade K, Barrett J, Smith PB, Cohen-Wolkowiez M. Innovative clinical trial design for pediatric therapeutics. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2011; 4:643-52. [PMID: 21980319 PMCID: PMC3184526 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.11.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Until approximately 15 years ago, sponsors rarely included children in the development of therapeutics. US and European legislation has resulted in an increase in the number of pediatric trials and specific label changes and dosing recommendations, although infants remain an understudied group. The lack of clinical trials in children is partly due to specific challenges in conducting trials in this patient population. Therapeutics in special populations, including premature infants, obese children and children receiving extracorporeal life support, are even less studied. National research networks in Europe and the USA are beginning to address some of the gaps in pediatric therapeutics using novel clinical trial designs. Recent innovations in pediatric clinical trial design, including sparse and scavenged sampling, population pharmacokinetic analyses and 'opportunistic' studies, have addressed some of the historical challenges associated with clinical trials in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Laughon
- School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel K Benjamin
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ian M Paul
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Wade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeff Barrett
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Phillip Brian Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Cohen-Wolkowiez
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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LC–MS/MS sensitivity enhancement using 2D-SCX/RPLC and its application in the assessment of pharmacokinetics of clonidine in dried blood spots. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:1577-86. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dried blood spot (DBS) technology offers distinctive preclinical and clinical advantages primarily ascribed to microscale sampling (e.g., 40–80 µl per time point), and the nature of solid-state samples in filter papers. Logistic benefits in sample collection, storage and shipping also result. However, the effective DBS samples available for bioanalysis are finite, that is, in the order of approximately 1 µl equivalent of plasma (3-mm punch) from a DBS of approximately 15–20 µl whole blood samples. This represents 20- to 100-times fewer samples for bioanalysis compared with a typical plasma assay. It is critical to increase LC–MS/MS sensitivity to accommodate DBS bioanalysis. Results: We developed a 2D strong cation exchange reversed-phase LC–MS/MS (2D-SCX/RPLC–MS/MS) for online enrichment, separation and detection of basic polar compounds, using clonidine hydrochloride as a model compound. Positively charged clonidine was retained and enriched in the first dimensional SCX column even in large volumes, eluted to a second dimensional RP column with ammonium acetate, de-salted with highly aqueous solvent and separated in an analytical RP column. Injection of 100 µl clonidine extract exhibited essentially the same peak shape as that from 1 µl and the response of clonidine increased quantitatively in the range of 1–100 µl. Conclusion: The method was successfully employed to analyze clonidine DBS samples from an in-house toxicology study, where clonidine hydrochloride was administered to cynomolgus monkeys to produce hypotensive effects. Of 55 DBS samples collected post-dose, a total of 52 samples were within the curve range of 0.1–50 ng/ml, where valid clonidine PK profiles were obtained. The PK parameters agreed well with the onset of hemodynamic changes measured with implanted miniature telemetry blood pressure transmitters. In comparison, only 21 samples were within the curve range of 2 to 1000 ng/ml from a HILIC–MS/MS method, which limited useful injection volume to 5 µl.
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Direct analysis of dried blood spots coupled with mass spectrometry: concepts and biomedical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:2485-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kole PL, Majithia R, Singh TRR, Garland MJ, Migalska K, Donnelly RF, McElnay J. Dried blood spot assay for estimation of metronidazole concentrations in rats and its application in single animal drug pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1713-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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A powerful couple in the future of clinical biochemistry: in situ analysis of dried blood spots by ambient mass spectrometry. Bioanalysis 2011; 2:1883-91. [PMID: 21083496 DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early 1960s, dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper have been used in clinical applications. The first key milestone in the use of DBS was the screening of phenylketonuria and other inborn errors of metabolism using microbiological and enzymatic analytical methods. 20 years after its introduction, advanced mass spectrometers and new soft ionization techniques have permitted the coupling of liquid chromatography with MS and tandem MS (MS/MS) and since the 1990s, DBS analysis by LC-MS/MS expanded screening to many inborn errors of metabolism simultaneously. Recently, DBS-LC-MS/MS analysis has been used in other fields such as pharmacology, toxicology and forensic sciences. Today, new ambient ionization techniques, coupled to MS, directly desorb/ionize molecules from solid samples. This presents new opportunities for the in situ analysis of DBS. Most likely, ambient MS methods will be used to analyze DBS, increasing the clinical applications of MS within the next 10 years.
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Abstract
Details of the development of conventional analytical methods for the determination of drugs in pediatric plasma/serum samples via microassays are presented. Examples of the development of small-volume sampling and the use of the newer detection systems such as LC/MS/MS for enhanced detection are presented. Dried blood spot sampling has conventionally been used for the study of inborn errors of metabolism using Guthrie cards. Limited applications in the area of drug-level determination, for example, in therapeutic drug monitoring had been reported but the methodology had not been widely used up until relatively recently. In the last few years, there has been a resurgence of interest in this methodology for drug-level determinations, and examples of drug analysis in pediatric and neonatal patients where the small-volume samples are particularly useful are presented. The application of the methodology in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies is discussed. The utilization of solid-phase microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction in drug analysis is presented. Clinical applications of these methodologies are reported including the development of in vivo solid-phase microextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff S Millership
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK.
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Suyagh M, Collier PS, Millership JS, Iheagwaram G, Millar M, Halliday HL, McElnay JC. Metronidazole population pharmacokinetics in preterm neonates using dried blood-spot sampling. Pediatrics 2011; 127:e367-74. [PMID: 21220396 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-0807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the population pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in preterm neonates. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were collected prospectively from 32 preterm neonates who received intravenous metronidazole for the treatment of or prophylaxis against necrotizing enterocolitis. Dried blood spots (n = 203) on filter paper were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the data were subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis performed by using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling. RESULTS A 1-compartment model best described the data. Significant covariates were weight (WT) and postmenstrual age (PMA). The final population models for metronidazole clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V) were: CL = 0.0247 × (WT/1.00)(0.75) × (1 + 0.107 × [PMA - 30]) and V = 0.726 × WT, where CL is in liters per hour, WT is in kilograms, PMA is in weeks, and V is in liters. This model predicts that the half-life of metronidazole decreases rapidly from ∼40 hours at 25 weeks' PMA to 19 hours at 32 weeks' PMA, after which it starts to plateau. This decrease in half-life is the result of a 5-fold increase in CL compared with only a 2.5-fold increase in V during the same period. CONCLUSIONS Currently, there are no specific dose recommendations for metronidazole in preterm neonates. However, a dosing scheme for preterm neonates that takes into consideration both the weight and PMA has been suggested and should avoid administration of doses that are excessive or more frequent than necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Suyagh
- Clinical and Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Automated system for on-line desorption of dried blood spots applied to LC/MS/MS pharmacokinetic study of flurbiprofen and its metabolite. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:359-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Evaluating and defining sample preparation procedures for DBS LC–MS/MS assays. Bioanalysis 2010; 2:1405-14. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A defined approach to develop and validate an LC–MS/MS assay using dried blood spot (DBS) samples is of great interest to many scientists who are adopting this technology. We have evaluated three distinct sample preparation procedures of DBS samples for LC–MS/MS assay development. Results: A new term ‘elution efficiency’ is introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of eluting compounds from the DBS cards into the liquid phase. Three different types of DBS cards were studied as part of the sample preparation procedures. A DBS LC–MS/MS method was developed, qualified and then applied to a toxicokinetics study. Conclusion: Organic extraction and protein precipitation resulted in significant ion suppression and/or enhancement for FTA® Classic or FTA® Elute cards. Liquid–liquid extraction produced the least ion suppression/enhancement. Both protein precipitation and liquid–liquid extraction effectively eluted the probe compound from the DBS cards under the conditions tested. However, organic extraction by pure solvents resulted in low elution efficiency.
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