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Fernandez-Soto P, Celi D, Tejera E, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Machado A. Cinnamomum sp. and Pelargonium odoratissimum as the Main Contributors to the Antibacterial Activity of the Medicinal Drink Horchata: A Study Based on the Antibacterial and Chemical Analysis of 21 Plants. Molecules 2023; 28:693. [PMID: 36677749 PMCID: PMC9862262 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Horchata, a herbal infusion drink from Ecuador containing a mixture of medicinal plants, has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diuretic, and antioxidant activity. The antibacterial activity of each of the plants contained in the horchata mixture has not been fully evaluated. Thus, in this study, we analysed the antibacterial activity of 21 plants used in horchata, collected from the Ecuadorian Andes region, against bacterial strains of clinical importance. The methanolic extract of Cinnamomum sp. showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 250 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), while Pelargonium odoratissimum exhibited a MIC value of 500 µg/mL towards S. aureus ATCC25923. The high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) analyses identified in Cinnamomum sp. epicatechin tannins, cinnamaldehyde, and prehelminthosporol molecules, whereas in P. odoratissimum, gallocatechin and epigallocatechin tannins, some flavonoids, and gallic acid and derivatives were identified. Finally, Cinnamomum sp. and P. odoratissimum showed partial inhibition of biofilm formation of S. aureus ATCC25923 and MRSA. Overall, our findings revealed which of the plants used in horchata are responsible for the antibacterial activity attributed to this herbal drink and exhibit the potential for Cinnamomum sp. and P. odoratissimum secondary metabolites to be explored as scaffolds in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Fernandez-Soto
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera de Enfermería, Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Diana Celi
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Carrera de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Tejera
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agropecuarias Aplicadas, Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - José Miguel Alvarez-Suarez
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - António Machado
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales (COCIBA), Instituto de Microbiología, Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 170901, Ecuador
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Jin SA, Kämäräinen T, Rinke P, Rojas OJ, Todorović M. Machine learning as a tool to engineer microstructures: Morphological prediction of tannin-based colloids using Bayesian surrogate models. MRS BULLETIN 2022; 47:29-37. [PMID: 35250164 PMCID: PMC8884090 DOI: 10.1557/s43577-021-00183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Oxidized tannic acid (OTA) is a useful biomolecule with a strong tendency to form complexes with metals and proteins. In this study we open the possibility to further the application of OTA when assembled as supramolecular systems, which typically exhibit functions that correlate with shape and associated morphological features. We used machine learning (ML) to selectively engineer OTA into particles encompassing one-dimensional to three-dimensional constructs. We employed Bayesian regression to correlate colloidal suspension conditions (pH and pK a) with the size and shape of the assembled colloidal particles. Fewer than 20 experiments were found to be sufficient to build surrogate model landscapes of OTA morphology in the experimental design space, which were chemically interpretable and endowed predictive power on data. We produced multiple property landscapes from the experimental data, helping us to infer solutions that would satisfy, simultaneously, multiple design objectives. The balance between data efficiency and the depth of information delivered by ML approaches testify to their potential to engineer particles, opening new prospects in the emerging field of particle morphogenesis, impacting bioactivity, adhesion, interfacial stabilization, and other functions inherent to OTA. IMPACT STATEMENT Tannic acid is a versatile bio-derived material employed in coatings, surface modifiers, and emulsion and growth stabilizers, which also imparts mild anti-viral health benefits. Our recent work on the crystallization of oxidized tannic acid (OTA) colloids opens the route toward further valuable applications, but here the functional properties tend to depend strongly on particle morphology. In this study, we eschew trial-and-error morphology exploration of OTA particles in favor of a data-driven approach. We digitalized the experimental observations and input them into a Gaussian process regression algorithm to generate morphology surrogate models. These help us to visualize particle morphology in the design space of material processing conditions, and thus determine how to selectively engineer one-dimensional or three-dimensional particles with targeted functionalities. We extend this approach to visualize other experimental outcomes, including particle yield and particle surface-to-volume ratio, which are useful for the design of products based on OTA particles. Our findings demonstrate the use of data-efficient surrogate models for general materials engineering purposes and facilitate the development of next-generation OTA-based applications. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1557/s43577-021-00183-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Ah Jin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Tero Kämäräinen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Espoo, Aalto, Finland
| | - Patrick Rinke
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Espoo, Aalto, Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Milica Todorović
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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3
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Deshaies S, Garcia F, Suc L, Saucier C, Mouls L. Study of the oxidative evolution of tannins during Syrah red wines ageing by tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 385:132538. [PMID: 35299019 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Red wine is a very complex medium in which condensed tannins undergo many modifications during winemaking and bottle ageing. These reactions have an impact on the organoleptic properties. This work aimed to highlight tannins evolution related to wine evolution by studying three vintages of Syrah wines. An accelerated oxidation was also undertaken in order to evaluate the ability of this oxidation to imitate natural evolution. After chemical depolymerization of the tannins, the monitoring of 6 types of markers at two oxidation levels was investigated. An evolution of the tannin oxidation state during ageing evidenced by the increase of the markers of the second oxidation level was observed. In the 2018 oxidized wine sample, the first oxidation level markers were similar to the 2014 vintage but the second oxidation level markers were higher than other vintages, indicating a more advanced state of tannin oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Deshaies
- SPO, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - François Garcia
- SPO, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucas Suc
- SPO, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Saucier
- SPO, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Laetitia Mouls
- SPO, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
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Examining the Variables Leading to Apparent Incongruity between Antimethanogenic Potential of Tannins and Their Observed Effects in Ruminants—A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several secondary plant metabolites have been identified that possess antimethanogenic properties. Tannin-rich forages have the potential to reduce methane emissions in ruminants while also increasing their nutrient use efficiency and promoting overall animal health. However, results have been highly inconclusive to date, with their antimethanogenic potential and effects on both animal performance and nutrition being highly variable even within a plant species. This variability is attributed to the structural characteristics of the tannins, many of which have been linked to an increased antimethanogenic potential. However, these characteristics are seldom considered in ruminant nutrition studies—often because the analytical techniques are inadequate to identify tannin structure and the focus is mostly on total tannin concentrations. Hence, in this article, we (i) review previous research that illustrate the variability of the antimethanogenic potential of forages; (ii) identify the source of inconsistencies behind these results; and (iii) discuss how these could be optimized to generate comparable and repeatable results. By adhering to this roadmap, we propose that there are clear links between plant metabolome and physiology and their antimethanogenic potential that can be established with the ultimate goal of improving the sustainable intensification of livestock.
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Jing S, Zeller WE, Ferreira D, Zhou B, Nam JW, Bedran-Russo A, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Proanthocyanidin Block Arrays (PACBAR) for Comprehensive Capture and Delineation of Proanthocyanidin Structures. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13541-13549. [PMID: 33175506 PMCID: PMC8010997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are near-ubiquitous and chemically complex metabolites, prototypical of higher plants. Their roles in food/feed/nutrition and ethnomedicine are widely recognized but poorly understood. With the analysis of evidence that underlies this challenge, this perspective identifies shortcomings in capturing and delineating PAC structures as key factors. While several groups have forwarded new representations, a consensus method that captures PAC structures concisely and offers high integrity for electronic storage is required to reduce confusion in this expansive field. The PAC block arrays (PACBAR) system fills this gap by providing precise and human- and machine-readable structural descriptors that capture PAC metabolomic structural diversity. PACBAR enables communication of PAC structures for the development of precise structure-activity relationships and will assist in advancing PAC research to the next level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxi Jing
- Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Wayne E Zeller
- United States Dairy Forage Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- National Center for Natural Products Research and Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Joo-Won Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ana Bedran-Russo
- Department of General Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Guido F Pauli
- Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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6
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Optimization of water extract of Cinnamomum burmannii bark to ascertain its in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Rubert-Nason KF, Lindroth RL. Analysis of condensed tannins in Populus spp. using reversed phase UPLC-PDA-(-)esi-MS following thiolytic depolymerisation. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:257-267. [PMID: 30548354 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Condensed tannins (CTs) are proanthocyanidin heteropolymers that are widely distributed among plants. Their biochemical properties are determined by molecular structure (e.g. polymer size, hydroxylation, stereochemistry). In Populus, genetically and environmentally-determined CT concentrations have been related to ecological effects, while the potential role of CT molecular structure has received little attention. OBJECTIVE Evaluate CT polymerisation, major constituent monomers, stereochemistry and overall content in Populus tremuloides foliage using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-(-)esi-MS) detection following thiolytic depolymerisation of the CTs. METHODOLOGY CTs were extracted from dried foliage of six P. tremuloides genotypes into methanol and thiolytically depolymerised into constituent monomers. Calibration standards were prepared by thiolysis of CT mixtures isolated from P. tremuloides foliage on Sephadex LH-20, followed by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Populus tremuloides CTs contained predominantly repeating subunits of three putative stereoisomers each of catechin and gallocatechin. Linear calibrations for standards of these subunits and their thioethers (purities 44-87%, UPLC-(-)esi-MS) were generally stable over the course of 10 months. CT polymer size, hydroxylation, stereochemistry and concentrations differed among genotypes. CONCLUSION This thiolysis-UPLC-PDA-(-)esiMS method was optimised for analysis of CT polymer size, hydroxylation, stereochemistry, and total concentration in Populus foliage. It revealed significant variation in each of these properties among P. tremuloides genotypes, and will facilitate evaluation of how environmental factors affect CT molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard L Lindroth
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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8
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Ma W, Waffo-Téguo P, Alessandra Paissoni M, Jourdes M, Teissedre PL. New insight into the unresolved HPLC broad peak of Cabernet Sauvignon grape seed polymeric tannins by combining CPC and Q-ToF approaches. Food Chem 2018; 249:168-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Vissers AM, Caligiani A, Sforza S, Vincken JP, Gruppen H. Phlorotannin Composition of Laminaria digitata. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:487-495. [PMID: 28612431 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phlorotannins are complex mixtures of phloroglucinol oligomers connected via C-C (fucols) or C-O-C (phlorethols) linkages. Their uniformity in subunits and large molecular weight hamper their structural analysis. Despite its commercial relevance for alginate extraction, phlorotannins in Laminaria digitata have not been studied. OBJECTIVE To obtain quantitative and structural information on phlorotannins in a methanolic extract from L. digitata. METHODOLOGY The combined use of 13 C and 1 H NMR spectroscopy allowed characterisation of linkage types and extract purity. The purity determined was used to calibrate the responses obtained with the colorimetric 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (DMBA) and Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) assays. Using NP-flash chromatography, phlorotannin fractions separated on oligomer size were obtained and enabled structural and molecular weight characterisation using ESI-MS and MALDI-TOF-MS. RESULTS The fucol-to-phlorethol linkage ratio was 1:26 and the extract was 60.1% pure, determined by NMR spectroscopy. For DMBA, the response of the extract was 12 times lower than that of phloroglucinol, whereas there was no difference for FC. By accounting for differences in response, the colorimetric assays were applicable for quantification using phloroglucinol as a standard. The phlorotannin content was around 4.5% DM. Fucol- and phlorethol-linkage types were annotated based on characteristic MSn fragmentations. Structural isomers of phlorotannins up to a degree of polymerisation of 18 (DP18) were annotated and identification of several isomers hinted at branched phloroglucinol oligomers. With MALDI-TOF-MS phlorotannins up to DP27 were annotated. CONCLUSION By combining several analytical techniques, phlorotannins in L. digitata were quantified and characterised with respect to fucol-to-phlorethol linkage ratio, molecular weight (distribution), and occurrence of structural isomers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Vissers
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefano Sforza
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Vallverdú-Queralt A, Meudec E, Eder M, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Sommerer N, Cheynier V. Targeted filtering reduces the complexity of UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS data to decipher polyphenol polymerization. Food Chem 2017; 227:255-263. [PMID: 28274430 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was applied to investigate complex polymeric polyphenols, before and after acid-catalysed depolymerisation in the presence of a nucleophile (phloroglucinol). Reaction products of (-)-epicatechin with acetaldehyde formed in model solution were selected for a proof-of concept experiment. The complexity of the UHPLC-HRMS dataset obtained after 4h incubation was reduced with petroleomics-inspired strategies using Van Krevelen diagrams and modified Kendrick mass defect filtering targeting ethyl-epicatechin (C17H16O6) units. Combining these approaches with mass fragmentation and phloroglucinolysis allowed us to describe reaction of epicatechin and acetaldehyde. More than 65 compounds were found, including the homogeneous bridged derivatives (up to the undecamer), vinyl and ethanol adducts, and xanthene and xanthylium salt derivatives which were identified for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- SPO, INRA, Montpellier Supagro, Université de Montpellier, 2, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Meudec
- SPO, INRA, Montpellier Supagro, Université de Montpellier, 2, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Matthias Eder
- SPO, INRA, Montpellier Supagro, Université de Montpellier, 2, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventos
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, Av Joan XXIII s/n, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolas Sommerer
- SPO, INRA, Montpellier Supagro, Université de Montpellier, 2, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Cheynier
- SPO, INRA, Montpellier Supagro, Université de Montpellier, 2, place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
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11
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Fang H, Wang D, Yuan L, Wu X, Guo H, Chen H, Huang K, Feng S. Electric-field-induced assembly of Ag nanoparticles on a CuO nanowire using ambient electrospray ionization. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj04054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A direct electric-field-induced assembly of a hybrid nanostructure of charged Ag clusters on a CuO nanowire was carried out using ambient electrospray ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Electric Power University
- Jilin City 132012
- P. R. China
| | - Long Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Hongping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Keke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Shouhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
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12
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Top SM, Preston CM, Dukes JS, Tharayil N. Climate Influences the Content and Chemical Composition of Foliar Tannins in Green and Senesced Tissues of Quercus rubra. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:423. [PMID: 28559896 PMCID: PMC5432568 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses not only influence production of plant metabolites but could also modify their resorption during leaf senescence. The production-resorption dynamics of polyphenolic tannins, a class of defense compound whose ecological role extends beyond tissue senescence, could amplify the influence of climate on ecosystem processes. We studied the quantity, chemical composition, and tissue-association of tannins in green and freshly-senesced leaves of Quercus rubra exposed to different temperature (Warming and No Warming) and precipitation treatments (Dry, Ambient, Wet) at the Boston-Area Climate Experiment (BACE) in Massachusetts, USA. Climate influenced not only the quantity of tannins, but also their molecular composition and cell-wall associations. Irrespective of climatic treatments, tannin composition in Q. rubra was dominated by condensed tannins (CTs, proanthocyanidins). When exposed to Dry and Ambient*Warm conditions, Q. rubra produced higher quantities of tannins that were less polymerized. In contrast, under favorable conditions (Wet), tannins were produced in lower quantities, but the CTs were more polymerized. Further, even as the overall tissue tannin content declined, the content of hydrolysable tannins (HTs) increased under Wet treatments. The molecular composition of tannins influenced their content in senesced litter. Compared to the green leaves, the content of HTs decreased in senesced leaves across treatments, whereas the CT content was similar between green and senesced leaves in Wet treatments that produced more polymerized tannins. The content of total tannins in senesced leaves was higher in Warming treatments under both dry and ambient precipitation treatments. Our results suggest that, though climate directly influenced the production of tannins in green tissues (and similar patterns were observed in the senesced tissue), the influence of climate on tannin content of senesced tissue was partly mediated by the effect on the chemical composition of tannins. These different climatic impacts on leaves over the course of a growing season may alter forest dynamics, not only in decomposition and nutrient cycling dynamics, but also in herbivory dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Top
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson UniversityClemson, SC, USA
- *Correspondence: Sara M. Top
| | | | - Jeffrey S. Dukes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts BostonBoston, MA, USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson UniversityClemson, SC, USA
- Nishanth Tharayil
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13
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Fang H, Huang K, Yuan L, Wu X, Wang D, Chen H, Feng S. The direct synthesis of Au nanocrystals in microdroplets using the spray-assisted method. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01437b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Without any surfactants or inorganic ligands, the Au nanocrystals with different morphologies have been synthesized using the spray-assisted method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Keke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Long Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Northeast Dianli University
- Jilin City 132012
- P. R. China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Shouhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
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Cheynier V, Tomas-Barberan FA, Yoshida K. Polyphenols: From Plants to a Variety of Food and Nonfood Uses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7589-94. [PMID: 26281949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are major plant secondary metabolites, structurally extremely diverse, essential for a variety of functions in plants, responsible for major organoleptic and nutritional properties of plant-derived foods, and useful for numerous practical applications. During the 27th International Conference on Polyphenols and 8th Tannin Conference, held jointly in September 2014 in Nagoya, Japan (ICP2014), the latest advances in polyphenol research have been presented. These include advances in polyphenol chemistry, physicochemistry, and materials science; their biosynthesis, genetics, and metabolic engineering; and their role in plant interactions with the environment, in nutrition and health, and in natural medicine. This special issue presents a selection of research papers presented at the meeting, covering these different fields. Major recent progress and perspectives in these areas are also outlined in this introductory paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Cheynier
- UMR1083 Sciences pour l'œnologie, INRA , 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex, France
- Research group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC , P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Francisco A Tomas-Barberan
- UMR1083 Sciences pour l'œnologie, INRA , 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex, France
- Research group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC , P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kumi Yoshida
- UMR1083 Sciences pour l'œnologie, INRA , 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex, France
- Research group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC , P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Lin LZ, Sun J, Chen P, Monagas M, Harnly JM. UHPLC-PDA-ESI/HRMSn profiling method to identify and quantify oligomeric proanthocyanidins in plant products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9387-400. [PMID: 25032782 PMCID: PMC4181120 DOI: 10.1021/jf501011y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oligomeric proanthocyanidins were successfully identified by UHPLC-PDA-HRMS(n) in a selection of plant-derived materials (jujube fruit, Fuji apple, fruit pericarps of litchi and mangosteen, dark chocolate, and grape seed and cranberry extracts). The identities of 247 proanthocyanidins were theoretically predicted by computing high-accuracy masses based on the degree of polymerization, flavan-3-ol components, and the number of A type linkages and galloyls. MS(n) fragments allowed characterization on flavan-3-ol based on the monomer, connectivity, and location of A-type bonds. Identification of doubly or triply charged ions of 50 PAs was made on the basis of theoretical calculations. A single catechin standard and molar relative response factors (MRRFs) were used to quantify the well-separated PAs. The ratios of the SIM peak counts were used to quantify each of the unseparated isomers. This is the first report of direct determination of each of the proanthocyanidins in plant-derived foods and proanthocyanidins containing an epifisetinidol unit in grape seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Ze Lin
- Food
Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building-161,
BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Food
Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building-161,
BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Pei Chen
- Food
Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building-161,
BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Maria
J. Monagas
- United States Pharmacopeia, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - James M. Harnly
- Food
Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building-161,
BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
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Mouls L, Hugouvieux V, Mazauric JP, Sommerer N, Mazerolles G, Fulcrand H. How to gain insight into the polydispersity of tannins: a combined MS and LC study. Food Chem 2014; 165:348-53. [PMID: 25038686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the potential health benefits of food polyphenols, the bioavailability of tannins (i.e. proanthocyanidins) is a major issue, which is strongly influenced by the polydispersity and the degree of polymerisation of tannins. The average degree of polymerisation (DP) of tannins is usually determined using depolymerisation methods, which do not provide any information about their polymer distribution. Moreover, it is still a challenge to characterise tannin fractions of high polydispersity and/or containing polymers of high molecular weights, due to the limit of detection of direct mass spectrometry (MS) analysis methods. In the present work, the polydispersity of several tannin fractions is investigated by two complementary methods: a MALDI-MS method and a semi-preparative sub-fractionation. Using a combination of these methods we are able to gain insight into the DP distributions of the fractions consisting of tannins of medium and high DP. Moreover combining analyses can be useful to assess and compare the DP distributions of most tannin fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Mouls
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - Virginie Hugouvieux
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Mazauric
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Sommerer
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Gérard Mazerolles
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Fulcrand
- INRA, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Montpellier SupAgro, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France; Université Montpellier I, UMR1083, F-34060 Montpellier, France
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Evolution of analysis of polyhenols from grapes, wines, and extracts. Molecules 2013; 18:1076-100. [PMID: 23325097 PMCID: PMC6269677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18011076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape and wine phenolics are structurally diverse, from simple molecules to oligomers and polymers usually designated as tannins. They have an important impact on the organoleptic properties of wines, that's why their analysis and quantification are of primordial importance. The extraction of phenolics from grapes and from wines is the first step involved in the analysis. Then, several analytical methods have been developed for the determination of total content of phenolic, while chromatographic and spectrophotometric analyses are continuously improved in order to achieve adequate separation of phenolic molecules, their subsequent identification and quantification. This review provides a summary of evolution of analysis of polyphenols from grapes, wines and extracts.
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Venter PB, Senekal ND, Kemp G, Amra-Jordaan M, Khan P, Bonnet SL, van der Westhuizen JH. Analysis of commercial proanthocyanidins. Part 3: the chemical composition of wattle (Acacia mearnsii) bark extract. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 83:153-167. [PMID: 22917955 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) bark extract is an important renewable industrial source of natural polymers for leather tanning and adhesive manufacturing. The wattle bark proanthocyanidin oligomers have 5-deoxy extender units that render the interflavanyl bonds resistant to acid catalysed hydrolysis and their composition cannot be determined via conventional thiolysis. We combined established phyto- and synthetic chemistry perspectives with an electrospray mass spectrometry investigation to establish that the flavan-3-ol based oligomers consist of a starter unit which is either catechin or gallocatechin, angularly bonded to fisetinidol or predominantly robinetinidol extender units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter B Venter
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Avenue, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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Venter PB, Senekal ND, Amra-Jordaan M, Bonnet SL, Van der Westhuizen JH. Analysis of commercial proanthocyanidins. Part 2: An electrospray mass spectrometry investigation into the chemical composition of sulfited quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii and Schinopsis balansae) heartwood extract. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 78:156-169. [PMID: 22513010 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are natural plant-derived polymers used in leather tanning, wood adhesives, water purification, and mud additives for oil drilling. Quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii and Schinopsis balansae) heartwood and mimosa (Acacia mearnsii) bark extracts are the major industrial sources of PACs. These commercial extracts are often sulfited via treatment with sodium hydrogen sulfite to reduce their viscosity and increase their solubility in water. An ESI-MS investigation into the molecular composition of sulfited (cold-water-soluble) quebracho heartwood extract indicates that sulfitation of the PACs occurs via S(N)2 attack of a sulfite ion at both C-2 and C-4 of the constituent flavan-3-ol monomer extender units. Attack at C-2 leads to the opening of the pyran ring. This releases an additional electron-donating phenolic hydroxy group on the A-ring and renders the extract more nucleophilic and suitable for the manufacturing of adhesives. Attack at C-4 leads to interflavanyl bond fission and decrease of the PAC oligomer chain length. The introduction of sulfonic acid moieties at C-2 or C-4 increases the polarity and water solubility of the hot water soluble (unsulfited) extract and transforms it into a cold-water-soluble extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter B Venter
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Avenue, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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Zurita J, Díaz-Rubio ME, Saura-Calixto F. Improved procedure to determine non-extractable polymeric proanthocyanidins in plant foods. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 63:936-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2012.681634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zhang N, Zhou Y, Zhen C, Li Y, Xiong C, Wang J, Li H, Nie Z. Structural characterization of synthetic polymers using thermal-assisted atmospheric pressure glow discharge mass spectrometry. Analyst 2012; 137:5051-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35770d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Venter PB, Sisa M, van der Merwe MJ, Bonnet SL, van der Westhuizen JH. Analysis of commercial proanthocyanidins. Part 1: the chemical composition of quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii and Schinopsis balansae) heartwood extract. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 73:95-105. [PMID: 22063672 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii and Schinopsis balansae) extract is an important source of natural polymers for leather tanning and adhesive manufacturing. We combined established phyto- and synthetic chemistry perspectives with electrospray mass spectrometry experiments to prove that quebracho proanthocyanidin polymers consist of an homologous series of flavan-3-ol based oligomers. The starter unit is always catechin which is angularly bonded to fisetinidol extender units. By comparison of the MS(2) fragmentation spectra of the oligomer with product ion scans of authentic catechin and robinetinidol samples, we proved that quebracho extract contains no robinetinidol, as is often reported. Quebracho proanthocyanidins have acid resistant interflavanyl bonds, due to the absence of 5-OH groups in fisetinidol, and the aDP cannot be determined via conventional thiolysis and phloroglucinolysis. We used the MS data to estimate a conservative (minimum value) aDP of 3.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter B Venter
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Avenue, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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