1
|
Kinross AD, Hageman KJ, Doucette WJ, Foster AL. Comparison of Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction (EDGE) for the analysis of pesticides in leaves. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461414. [PMID: 32823112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Various techniques have been evaluated for the extraction and cleanup of pesticides from environmental samples. In this work, a Selective Pressurized Liquid Extraction (SPLE) method for pesticides was developed using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) system. This instrument was compared to the newly introduced (2017) extraction instrument, the Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction (EDGE) system, which combines Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) and dispersive Solid Phase Extraction (dSPE). We first optimized the SPLE method using the ASE instrument for pesticide extraction from alfalfa leaves using layers of Florisil and graphitized carbon black (GCB) downstream of the leaf homogenate in the extraction cell (Layered ASE method). We then compared results obtained for alfalfa and citrus leaves with the Layered ASE method to those from a method in which the leaf homogenate and sorbents were mixed (Mixed ASE method) and to similar methods modified for use with EDGE (Layered EDGE and Mixed EDGE methods). The ASE and EDGE methods led to clear, colorless extracts with low residual lipid weight. No significant differences in residual lipid masses were observed between the methods. The UV-Vis spectra showed that Florisil removed a significant quantity of the light-absorbing chemicals, but that GCB was required to produce colorless extracts. Recoveries of spiked analytes into leaf homogenates were generally similar among methods, but in several cases, significantly higher recoveries were observed in ASE extracts. Nonetheless, no significant differences were observed among pesticide concentrations in field samples when calculated with the isotope dilution method in which labelled surrogates were added to samples before extraction. The extraction time with the ASE methods was ~45 minutes, which was ~4.5 times longer than with the EDGE methods. The EDGE methods used ~10 mL more solvent than the ASE methods. Based on these results, the EDGE is an acceptable extraction instrument and, for most compounds, the EDGE had a similar extraction efficiency to the ASE methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlie D Kinross
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, United States
| | - Kimberly J Hageman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, United States.
| | - William J Doucette
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, United States
| | - Alexandria L Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Profile in Polyhydroxy-alkanoates Synthetized from Urban Organic Wastes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030659. [PMID: 32183353 PMCID: PMC7183061 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from organic wastes is a valuable process to valorize available renewable resources, such as food wastes and biological sludge. Bioplastics find many applications in various sectors, from medical field to food industry. However, persistent organic pollutants could be transferred from wastes to the final product. The present paper demonstrates that the use of municipal wastes in PHA production is safe for the environment and human health and provides a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) profile in both commercial and waste-based PHA samples. PCB analysis in several PHA samples showed very low concentrations of the target analytes. Commercial PHA samples showed a similar PCB level with respect to PHA samples from municipal waste/sludge and higher than PHA samples from fruit waste. For all analyzed PCBs, detected concentrations were consistently lower than the ones reported in regulatory framework or guidelines.
Collapse
|
3
|
Berton P, Mammana SB, Locatelli DA, Lana NB, Hapon MB, Camargo AB, Altamirano JC. Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in milk samples. Development of green extraction coupled techniques for sample preparation. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:460-468. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Berton
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología; Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA, CONICET); Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Mendoza Argentina
| | - Sabrina B. Mammana
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología; Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA, CONICET); Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Mendoza Argentina
| | - Daniela A. Locatelli
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM, CONICET); Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Chacras de Coria Mendoza Argentina
| | - Nerina B. Lana
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología; Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA, CONICET); Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
| | - María B. Hapon
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Mendoza Argentina
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET); Mendoza Argentina
| | - Alejandra B. Camargo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Mendoza Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM, CONICET); Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Chacras de Coria Mendoza Argentina
| | - Jorgelina C. Altamirano
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología; Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA, CONICET); Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Mendoza Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Berton P, Lana NB, Ríos JM, García-Reyes JF, Altamirano JC. State of the art of environmentally friendly sample preparation approaches for determination of PBDEs and metabolites in environmental and biological samples: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 905:24-41. [PMID: 26755134 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Green chemistry principles for developing methodologies have gained attention in analytical chemistry in recent decades. A growing number of analytical techniques have been proposed for determination of organic persistent pollutants in environmental and biological samples. In this light, the current review aims to present state-of-the-art sample preparation approaches based on green analytical principles proposed for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and metabolites (OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs) in environmental and biological samples. Approaches to lower the solvent consumption and accelerate the extraction, such as pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction, are discussed in this review. Special attention is paid to miniaturized sample preparation methodologies and strategies proposed to reduce organic solvent consumption. Additionally, extraction techniques based on alternative solvents (surfactants, supercritical fluids, or ionic liquids) are also commented in this work, even though these are scarcely used for determination of PBDEs. In addition to liquid-based extraction techniques, solid-based analytical techniques are also addressed. The development of greener, faster and simpler sample preparation approaches has increased in recent years (2003-2013). Among green extraction techniques, those based on the liquid phase predominate over those based on the solid phase (71% vs. 29%, respectively). For solid samples, solvent assisted extraction techniques are preferred for leaching of PBDEs, and liquid phase microextraction techniques are mostly used for liquid samples. Likewise, green characteristics of the instrumental analysis used after the extraction and clean-up steps are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Berton
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) - CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Nerina B Lana
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) - CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Juan M Ríos
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) - CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Juan F García-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - Jorgelina C Altamirano
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) - CONICET, Mendoza 5500, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brudzińska-Kosior A, Kosior G, Klánová J, Vaňková L, Kukučka P, Chropeňová M, Samecka-Cymerman A, Kolon K, Mróz L, Kempers AJ. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in herbaceous Centaurium erythraea affected by various sources of environmental pollution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:1369-1375. [PMID: 26259715 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1064282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent xenobiotics with harmful effects on humans and wildlife. Their levels in the environment and accumulation in biota must be carefully controlled especially in species harvested from wild populations and commonly used as medicines. Our objective has been to determine PBDE concentrations (BDEs 28, 47, 66, 85, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209) in Centaurium erythraea collected at sites with various levels of environmental pollution. PBDE congener profiles in C. erythraea were dominated by BDE209, which accounted for 47-89% of the total PBDE burden in the plants. Principal Component and Classification Analysis, which classifies the concentration of PBDEs in C. erythraea, allowed us to distinguish the pattern of these compounds characteristic for the origin of pollution: BDEs 28, 47, 66, 85, 99, 100 for lignite and general chemical industry and the vicinity of an expressway and BDEs 183 and 209 for a thermal power plant and ferrochrome smelting industry. Careful selection of sites with C. erythraea for medicinal purposes is necessary as this herb can accumulate PBDEs while growing at polluted sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brudzińska-Kosior
- a Department of Ecology , Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection University of Wrocław , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kosior
- a Department of Ecology , Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection University of Wrocław , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Jana Klánová
- b Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment , Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Vaňková
- b Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment , Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- b Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment , Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Mária Chropeňová
- b Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment , Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Aleksandra Samecka-Cymerman
- a Department of Ecology , Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection University of Wrocław , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kolon
- a Department of Ecology , Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection University of Wrocław , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Lucyna Mróz
- a Department of Ecology , Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection University of Wrocław , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Alexander J Kempers
- c Department of Environmental Science , Radboud University of Nijmegen , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Embedment of Ag(I)-organic frameworks into silica gels for microextraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soils. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1383:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
7
|
Zhang L, Sheng X, Zhang R, Xiong Z, Wu Z, Yan S, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Development of a field sampling method based on magnetic nanoparticles for the enrichment of pesticides in aqueous samples. Analyst 2014; 139:6279-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01469c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A field sampling method based on magnetic core–shell silica nanoparticles was developed for field sampling and the enrichment of low concentrations of pesticides in aqueous samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Sheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Runsheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence
- State Key Laboratory Breeding of Crime Scene Evidence
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science
- Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhongping Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence
- State Key Laboratory Breeding of Crime Scene Evidence
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science
- Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
| | - Songmao Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence
- State Key Laboratory Breeding of Crime Scene Evidence
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science
- Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence
- State Key Laboratory Breeding of Crime Scene Evidence
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science
- Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Heng MY, Tan SN, Yong JWH, Ong ES. Emerging green technologies for the chemical standardization of botanicals and herbal preparations. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|