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Thu NQ, Tien NTN, Yen NTH, Duong TH, Long NP, Nguyen HT. Push forward LC-MS-based therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacometabolomics for anti-tuberculosis precision dosing and comprehensive clinical management. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:16-38. [PMID: 38352944 PMCID: PMC10859566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The spread of tuberculosis (TB), especially multidrug-resistant TB and extensively drug-resistant TB, has strongly motivated the research and development of new anti-TB drugs. New strategies to facilitate drug combinations, including pharmacokinetics-guided dose optimization and toxicology studies of first- and second-line anti-TB drugs have also been introduced and recommended. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has arguably become the gold standard in the analysis of both endo- and exo-genous compounds. This technique has been applied successfully not only for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) but also for pharmacometabolomics analysis. TDM improves the effectiveness of treatment, reduces adverse drug reactions, and the likelihood of drug resistance development in TB patients by determining dosage regimens that produce concentrations within the therapeutic target window. Based on TDM, the dose would be optimized individually to achieve favorable outcomes. Pharmacometabolomics is essential in generating and validating hypotheses regarding the metabolism of anti-TB drugs, aiding in the discovery of potential biomarkers for TB diagnostics, treatment monitoring, and outcome evaluation. This article highlighted the current progresses in TDM of anti-TB drugs based on LC-MS bioassay in the last two decades. Besides, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of this technique in practical use. The pressing need for non-invasive sampling approaches and stability studies of anti-TB drugs was highlighted. Lastly, we provided perspectives on the prospects of combining LC-MS-based TDM and pharmacometabolomics with other advanced strategies (pharmacometrics, drug and vaccine developments, machine learning/artificial intelligence, among others) to encapsulate in an all-inclusive approach to improve treatment outcomes of TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quang Thu
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Tran Nam Tien
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Thi Hai Yen
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuc-Huy Duong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Huy Truong Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
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Karaźniewicz-Łada M, Kosicka-Noworzyń K, Rao P, Modi N, Xie YL, Heysell SK, Kagan L. New approach to rifampicin stability and first-line anti-tubercular drug pharmacokinetics by UPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115650. [PMID: 37597382 PMCID: PMC10566301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Successful tuberculosis (TB) therapy requires achieving sufficient exposure to multiple drugs. Limited stability of several first-line anti-TB drugs might compromise reliable therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). We developed and validated a sensitive and selective UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZA), rifampicin (RIF), its metabolite 25-desacetylrifampicin and degradation products: rifampicin quinone and 3-formyl-rifampicin. Analysis was completed from a very small plasma volume (20 µL) using only protein precipitation with methanol. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Kinetex Polar C18 column (2.6 µm; 150 × 3 mm) with a mobile phase consisting of 5 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile, both containing 0.1 % formic acid, in gradient elution. The analytes were detected using a positive ionization mode by multiple reaction monitoring. The LLOQ for RIF and its degradation products was 0.1 µg/mL, 0.05 µg/mL for INH, and 0.2 µg/mL for PZA. The method was validated based on the FDA guidance. The application of the method was confirmed in the analysis of RIF, INH, and PZA, as well as RIF metabolism/degradation products in plasma samples of patients with TB. Based on the detailed stability study of the analyzed compounds at various storage conditions, we proposed recommendations for handling the plasma and serum samples in TDM and other pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, Poznań 60-806, Poland; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Katarzyna Kosicka-Noworzyń
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, Poznań 60-806, Poland; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Prakruti Rao
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, 345 Crispell Drive, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Nisha Modi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, USA
| | - Yingda L Xie
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, USA
| | - Scott K Heysell
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, 345 Crispell Drive, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Leonid Kagan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Translational Research and Education, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Sharma S, Takkella D, Kumar P, Gavvala K. Spectroscopic analysis to identify the binding site for Rifampicin on Bovine Serum Albumin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 283:121721. [PMID: 35964352 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the interaction of rifampicin, one of the important antituberculosis drugs, with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). Herein, we have monitored the fluorescence properties of tryptophan (Trp) residue in BSA to understand the interactions between protein and rifampicin. Fluorescence intensity of BSA was quenched tremendously upon interacting with the drug. Using steady state and time-resolved spectroscopic tools the static and dynamic nature of quenching have been characterised. Time correlated single photon counting technique confirmed that out of two lifetime components ∼6.2 ns and ∼2.8 ns of BSA, the rifampicin has affected only the shorter lifetime component a lot that was assigned to Trp-213 residue. Hence, it was thought that the drug must have been located near to the amino acid residue. Molecular docking studies have revealed the structural information of drug-protein complex which supported the above conjecture, confirming the nearest tryptophan as Trp-213 to the complexing rifampicin molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Dineshbabu Takkella
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Pintu Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Krishna Gavvala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.
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Ekqvist D, Bornefall A, Augustinsson D, Sönnerbrandt M, Nordvall MJ, Fredrikson M, Carlsson B, Sandstedt M, Simonsson USH, Alffenaar JWC, Paues J, Niward K. Safety and pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of a shorter tuberculosis treatment with high-dose pyrazinamide and rifampicin: a study protocol of a phase II clinical trial (HighShort-RP). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054788. [PMID: 35273049 PMCID: PMC8915351 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased dosing of rifampicin and pyrazinamide seems a viable strategy to shorten treatment and prevent relapse of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB), but safety and efficacy remains to be confirmed. This clinical trial aims to explore safety and pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of a high-dose pyrazinamide-rifampicin regimen. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Adult patients with pulmonary TB admitted to six hospitals in Sweden and subjected to receive first-line treatment are included. Patients are randomised (1:3) to either 6-month standardised TB treatment or a 4-month regimen based on high-dose pyrazinamide (40 mg/kg) and rifampicin (35 mg/kg) along with standard doses of isoniazid and ethambutol. Plasma samples for measurement of drug exposure determined by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry are obtained at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours, at day 1 and 14. Maximal drug concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-24h) are estimated by non-compartmental analysis. Conditions for early model-informed precision dosing of high-dose pyrazinamide-rifampicin are pharmacometrically explored. Adverse drug effects are monitored throughout the study and graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events V.5.0. Early bactericidal activity is assessed by time to positivity in BACTEC MGIT 960 of induced sputum collected at day 0, 5, 8, 15 and week 8. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of first-line drugs are determined using broth microdilution. Disease severity is assessed with X-ray grading and a validated clinical scoring tool (TBscore II). Clinical outcome is registered according to WHO definitions (2020) in addition to occurrence of relapse after end of treatment. Primary endpoint is pyrazinamide AUC0-24h and main secondary endpoint is safety. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study is approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority and the Swedish Medical Products Agency. Informed written consent is collected before study enrolment. The study results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04694586.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ekqvist
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Östergötland, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Bornefall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Michaela Jonsson Nordvall
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Björn Carlsson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mårten Sandstedt
- Department of Radiology in Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Jan-Willem C Alffenaar
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jakob Paues
- Department of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Katarina Niward
- Department of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
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LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of the first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs and six primary metabolites in patient plasma: Implications for therapeutic drug monitoring. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1185:122986. [PMID: 34688197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic profiling of drug substances and corresponding metabolites in the biological matrix is one of the most informative tools for the treatment efficacy assessment. Therefore, to satisfy the need for comprehensive monitoring of anti-tuberculosis drugs in human plasma, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampicin) along with their six primary metabolites. Simple single-step protein precipitation with methanol was chosen as the most convenient sample pre-treatment method. Chromatographic separation of the ten analyte mixture was achieved within 10 minutes on a reverse-phase C8 column using mobile phase gradient mode. The multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) was used for analyte detection and quantification in patient samples. The chosen quantification ranges fully covered expected plasma concentrations. The method exhibited acceptable selectivity; the within- and between-run accuracy ranged from 87.2 to 113.6%, but within- and between-run precision was between 1.6 and 14.9% (at the LLOQ level CV < 20%). Although the response of the isonicotinic acid varied depending on the matrix source (CV 21.8%), validation results proved that such inconsistency does not affect the accuracy and precision of results. If stored at room temperature plasma samples should be processed within 4 h after collection, temporary storage at -20 °C up to 24 h is acceptable due to stability issues of analytes. The developed method was applied for the patient sample analysis (n = 34) receiving anti-tuberculosis treatment with the first-line drugs.
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Han F, Li W, Jin Y, Wang F, Yuan B, Xu H. Rapid and Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Three First-Line Oral Antituberculosis Drug in Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:432-438. [PMID: 33434918 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A bioanalytical method for simultaneous quantification of isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZA) and ethambutol (EMB) in plasma was developed and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. After extracted by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, the analytes were separated on a Waters XBridge Amide column by isocratic elution with acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium acetate solution containing 0.3% formic acid (77:23, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source in positive mode by monitoring the selected ion transitions at m/z 205.2 → 116.1, m/z 137.9 → 121.2, m/z 124.3 → 78.9 and m/z 213.1 → 122.4 for EMB, INH, PZA and EMB-d8 Internal standard (IS), respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.0125-2.00 μg/mL for EMB, 0.0625-10.0 μg/mL for INH and 0.250-40.0 μg/mL for PZA. Neither cross-analytes inter-conversion nor matrix effects were observed. The intra- and inter-assay precision (%RSD) values were within 8.80%, and accuracy (%RE) ranged from -11.13 to 13.49%, indicating that the precision and accuracy were well within the acceptable limits of variation. The method would be helpful for analysis of EMB, INH and PZA in plasma samples from clinical pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Zhao Y, Zhang X, Jia C, Wu J, Tang H, Shang J, Yuan C, Wang Y, Zhang P. A simple signal-on strategy for fluorescent detection of tuberculostatic drug isoniazid based on Ag clusters-MnO 2 sheets nanoplatform. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 201:111627. [PMID: 33639510 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As a first-line tuberculostatic drug, isoniazid (INH) plays effective and irreplaceable role in prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. In this work, a rapid and simple signal-on fluorescence approach is established for INH assay by employing a platform composed of silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) and MnO2 nanosheets. In the proposed sensing system, strong red fluorescence of poly (methacrylic acid)-stabilized AgNCs can be greatly quenched after they attach to the surfaces of MnO2 nanosheets. With the addition of INH, MnO2 nanosheets are reduced to Mn2+ and subsequently release the AgNCs, which leads to obvious fluorescence recovery again. Based on this mechanism, highly sensitive detection of INH in the range of 0.8-200 μM is realized (detection limit: 476 nM). The present strategy shows remarkable advantages including simplicity, rapidness, high sensitivity and wide detectable range. This method is also practical and comparable to high-performance liquid chromatography, which can be applied to detect INH in human urine and serum samples as well as pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Zhao
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Chunyan Jia
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Jiangling Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Hua Tang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Jingchuan Shang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Chuanji Yuan
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications, College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China.
| | - Pu Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
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Panda BK, Bargaje M, L S. A simple and reliable analytical method for simultaneous quantification of first line antitubercular drugs in human plasma by LCMS/MS. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3909-3917. [PMID: 32719834 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00889c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the optimization of a simple and reliable method for the determination of four first line antitubercular drugs in human plasma. The studied analytes were isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), pyrazinamide (Z) and ethambutol (E) in fixed dose combination recommended to patients under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP, India). The analytes were extracted from the human plasma (150 μL) using the single step liquid-liquid extraction approach and were analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The method was fully validated, according to USFDA guidelines. A linear range of 0.05-10 μg mL-1, 0.1-20 μg mL-1, 0.5-100 μg mL-1 and 0.05-10 μg mL-1 for H, R, Z and E respectively was established, presenting determination coefficients above 0.99. Concerning imprecision, the CV was lower than 15% for all analytes. All tested analytes were found to be stable in the samples. Although the values obtained for recovery were above 85%, the method proved to be sensitive, since low detection limits of 0.05 μg mL-1 for H and E, 0.1 μg mL-1 for R and 0.5 μg mL-1 for Z were obtained. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy and imprecision were within CV ±15%. The use of the conventional silica column in the extraction of these compounds through a single step protein precipitation method simplifies the analytical process. In addition due to its simplicity and sensitivity, it can be applied to carry out therapeutic drug monitoring and drug level assessment in human plasma samples. The results of analyte levels are comparable to other reported methods. The method had been successfully applied for simultaneous determination of first line anti-tubercular drugs in pulmonary tubercular patients. The method requires 150 μL of patient plasma and offers low volume for injection (10 μL) and blood sample collection (3 mL) which will be an added advantage for pediatric anti-TB drug level assessment and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy Kumar Panda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
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Fachi MM, Vilhena RO, Boger B, Domingos EL, Dos Santos JMMF, Junkert AM, de Fátima Cobre A, Momade DRO, Beraldi-Magalhães F, de Liz MV, Cordeiro-Santos M, Pontarolo R. LC-QToF-MS method for quantification of ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin in human plasma and its application. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4812. [PMID: 32068899 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this research, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) method for simultaneous quantification of the anti-tuberculosis drugs ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin in human plasma. Plasma samples spiked with cimetidine (internal standard) were extracted using protein precipitation with acetonitrile containing 1% formic acid. Separation was performed using a C18 column under flow gradient conditions with water and acetonitrile, both containing 5 mm ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid. The method was validated according to the ANVISA and US Food and Drug Administration guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 0.2-5 μg ml-1 for ethambutol, 0.2-7.5 μg ml-1 for isoniazid, 1-40 μg ml-1 for pyrazinamide and 0.25-2 μg ml-1 for rifampicin, all with adequate precision and accuracy. The method was reproducible, selective and free of carryover and matrix effects. The validated LC-QToF-MS method was successfully applied to real samples and shown to be applicable to future therapeutic and pharmacokinetic monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beatriz Boger
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Eric Luiz Domingos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Francisco Beraldi-Magalhães
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicinal Tropical, State University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius de Liz
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University Technology - Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos
- Doctor Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicinal Tropical, State University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Zheng Y, Xu N, Hu X, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Zhao Q. Development and Application of a LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Four First-Line Antituberculosis Drugs in Human Serum. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:8838219. [PMID: 32724703 PMCID: PMC7366203 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8838219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography (LC)/mass spectrometry (MS) method was established and validated for simultaneous quantitation of pyrazinamide, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol in human blood sample. Samples were pretreated by a single-step precipitation with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was achieved on XSelecT HSS T3 column by gradient elution with a total run time of 5.0 min. MS detection was performed by a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in the multiple reaction monitoring mode with a positive electrospray ionization source. Isotope-labeled internal standard, especially rifampicin-D8, was applied to adjust for the loss during sample treatment. The established LC-MS/MS method showed a wide analytical range (pyrazinamide: 1.02∼60.0 μg/mL, isoniazid: 0.152∼10.0 μg/mL, rifampicin: 0.500∼30.0 μg/mL, and ethambutol: 0.0998∼5.99 μg/mL) and a good linearity (r > 0.99 for the four analytes) with acceptable accuracy and precision (90.15%∼104.62% and 94.00%∼104.02% for intra- and interaccuracy, respectively; RSD%: <12.46% and <6.43% for intra- and interprecision, respectively). It also showed excellent recoveries (79.24%∼94.16% for all analytes) and absence of significant matrix effect. This method was successfully applied to the quantification of four first-line antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs, suggesting its suitability for therapeutic drug monitoring in the clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Nana Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xingjiang Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Yanpeng Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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11
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Wu L, Ye Z, Liu H, Guo H, Lin J, Zheng L, Chu N, Liu X. Rapid and highly sensitive quantification of the anti-tuberculosis agents isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, rifampicin and rifabutin in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 180:113076. [PMID: 31896523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
With the increased cases of multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and co-infection with HIV globally, it is difficult to achieve ideal clinical responses because of poor drug absorption and drug-drug interactions. Herein, a bioanalytical UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantify five anti-TB agents in human plasma samples for detecting blood drug concentrations to improve therapeutic effects. To overcome the matrix effects, stable isotope labeled analogue of each analyte was used for internal standardization. A simple single-step protein precipitation by acetonitrile was employed for the sample preparation, then the analytes including rifampicin, rifabutin, pyrazinamid, ethambutol, isoniazid and their isotope labeled internal standards (ILISs) were implemented on an HILIC silica column with a gradient mode. The linear range for each analyte was covering the peak drug concentration (Cmax) in the 20 times diluted plasma samples. The coefficient of variation of intra- and inter-day precision was less than 17.0 %, and the accuracy ranged between 91.5 and 110.0 %. The extraction recoveries of all agents were ≥90.2 %, and the matrix effects with internal standard-normalization for all agents were 97.1-110.0 %. The optimal blood sampling time was designed basing on the results of stability validation. This UPLC-MS/MS method with a run time of 3.5 min was successfully applied to routine therapeutic monitoring of the five anti-TB agents in patient plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Wu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China; Clinical Research Center for Phase I, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China; The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China
| | - Zhenjie Ye
- Clinical Research Center for Phase I, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Clinical Research Center for Phase I, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China
| | - Hongliang Guo
- Clinical Research Center for Phase I, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Clinical Research Center for Phase I, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China.
| | - Nannan Chu
- Clinical Research Center for Phase I, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China; Drug Clinical Study Center for Phase I, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214023, PR China.
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China; Clinical Research Center for Phase I, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China; The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China.
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12
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Electroanalysis of isoniazid and rifampicin: Role of nanomaterial electrode modifiers. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 146:111731. [PMID: 31614253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to operational simplicity, speediness, possibility of miniaturization and real-time nature, electrochemical sensing is a supreme alternative for non-electrochemical methodologies in drug quantification. This review, highlights different nanotech-based sensory designs for electroanalysis of isoniazid and rifampicin, the most important medicines for patients with tuberculosis. We first, concisely mention analyses with bare electrodes, associated impediments and inspected possible strategies and then critically review the last two decades works with focus on different nano-scaled electrode modifiers. We organized and described the materials engaged in several categories: Surfactants modifiers, polymeric modifiers, metallic nanomaterials, carbon based nano-modifiers (reduced graphene oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, ordered mesoporous carbon) and a large class of multifarious nano composites-based sensors and biosensors. The main drawbacks and superiorities associated with each array as well as the current trend in the areas is attempted to discuss. Summary of 79 employed electrochemical approaches for analysis of isoniazid and rifampicin has also been presented.
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13
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Yan Y, Ma J, Bo X, Guo L. Rod-like Co based metal-organic framework embedded into mesoporous carbon composite modified glassy carbon electrode for effective detection of pyrazinamide and isonicotinyl hydrazide in biological samples. Talanta 2019; 205:120138. [PMID: 31450409 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel composite fabricated via embedding rod-like Co based metal-organic framework (Co-MOF-74) crystals into MC matrix for the first time. The introduction of MC astricts the size of Co-MOF-74 crystals, enlarges the pore size and improves the electrical conductivity, which lead to the good electrochemical properties of the composite. The fabricated sensor based on Co-MOF-74@MC exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of pyrazinamide (PZA) and the oxidation of isonicotinyl hydrazide (INZ). Under optimized conditions, the sensor shows two linear ranges from 0.3 to 46.5 μM and 46.5-166.5 μM with a high sensitivity of 7.2 μA μM-1 cm-2 and a detection limit of 0.21 μM for the determination of PZA. The electroanalytical sensing of INZ also gives two linear ranges of 0.15-1.55 μM and 1.55-592.55 μM with a detection limit of 0.094 μM. The mechanism involved was also discussed, briefly. The sensor is assessed toward the detection of PZA and INZ in human serum and urine samples. Recovery values varied from 97.08 to 103.20% for PZA sensing and 96.67-102.90% for INZ sensing, revealing the promising practicality of sensor for PZA and INZ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, PR China
| | - Jicheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, PR China.
| | - Xiangjie Bo
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, PR China
| | - Liping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, PR China.
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14
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Mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-tuberculosis drugs. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 14 Pt A:34-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Sundell J, Bienvenu E, Birgersson S, Äbelö A, Ashton M, Hoffmann KJ. Simultaneous quantification of four first line antitubercular drugs and metabolites in human plasma by hydrophilic interaction chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1105:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Takafuji M, Shahruzzaman M, Sasahara K, Ihara H. Preparation and characterization of a novel hydrophilic interaction/ion exchange mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phase with pyridinium-based zwitterionic polymer-grafted porous silica. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3957-3965. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takafuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
- Kumamoto Institute for Photo-Electro Organics; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Mohammad Shahruzzaman
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Kazufusa Sasahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ihara
- Kumamoto Institute for Photo-Electro Organics; Kumamoto Japan
- Department of New Frontier Science; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
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17
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Amini R, Asadpour-Zeynali K. Layered double hydroxide decorated with Ag nanodendrites as an enhanced sensing platform for voltammetric determination of pyrazinamide. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04544a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive electrochemical sensor for pyrazinamide was constructed by electrodepositing Ag nanodendrites on the LDH-modified glassy carbon electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Amini
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz 51666-16471
- Iran
| | - Karim Asadpour-Zeynali
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz 51666-16471
- Iran
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18
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Su R, Wang X, Hou C, Yang M, Huang K, Chen H. Fast Determination of Ingredients in Solid Pharmaceuticals by Microwave-Enhanced In-Source Decay of Microwave Plasma Torch Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1947-1957. [PMID: 28631113 PMCID: PMC5556135 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of solid samples (e.g., pharmaceutical preparations) by using a small and low-resolution mass spectrometer without MS/MS function is still a challenge in ambient pressure ionization mass spectrometric analysis. Herein, a practically efficient method termed microwave-enhanced in-source decay (MEISD) using microwave plasma torch desorption ionization coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MPTDI-TOF MS) was developed for fast analysis of pharmaceutical tablets using a miniature TOF mass spectrometer without tandem mass function. The intensity of ISD fragmentation was evaluated under different microwave power values. Several factors, including desorption distance and time that might affect the signal intensity and fragmentation, were systematically investigated. It was observed that both the protonated molecular ions and major fragment ions from the active ingredients in tablets could be found in the full-scan mass spectra in positive ion mode, which were comparable to those obtained by a commercial LTQ-XL ion trap mass spectrometer. The structures of the ingredients could be elucidated in detail using the MEISD method, which promotes our understanding of the desorption/ionization processes in microwave plasma torch (MPT). Quantitative analysis of 10 tablets was achieved by full-scan MPTDI-TOF MS with low limit of detection (LOD, 0.763 mg/g), acceptable relative standard deviation (RSD < 7.33%, n =10), and 10 s for each tablet, showing promising applications in high throughput screening of counterfeit drugs. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Changming Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Keke Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China.
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19
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Liu P, Jiang H, Li S, Lin Z, Jiang J. Determination of anti-tuberculosis drug concentration and distribution from sustained release microspheres in the vertebrae of a spinal tuberculosis rabbit model. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:200-208. [PMID: 26996958 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There have been several sustained-release materials containing anti-tuberculosis drug to enhance concentration in foci of spinal tuberculosis but what map by which composite drug delivery system is released is not known. Isoniazid (INH) lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and INH hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres were prepared, respectively. The rabbits were modeled by tuberculosis strains and sustained-release microspheres were incubated in the foci. INH concentrations in the HA group were higher than those of INH and PLGA groups at L3, L4, and L5 vertebra 2 days after the drugs were embedded (p < 0.05). INH concentrations in the HA group were higher than those of INH and PLGA groups in L3 vertebra 4 days after the drugs were embedded (p < 0.05). INH concentrations in the PLGA group were higher than those of INH and HA groups in L5 vertebra; INH concentrations of the HA group were higher than those of INH and PLGA groups in L4 vertebra 6 days after the drugs were embedded (p < 0.05). These microspheres can enhance INH concentration in the foci. Furthermore, HA microspheres elicit osteogenic effects. HA is better than PLGA in terms of infiltration, but PLGA is better than HA in terms of distribution. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:200-208, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, East Branch, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, 585 North Da Mian Hong He Ave, Long Quan District, Chengdu, 610110, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, East Branch, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, 585 North Da Mian Hong He Ave, Long Quan District, Chengdu, 610110, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
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20
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Raju KSR, Gundeti M, Malik MY, Kadian N, Rashid M, Taneja I, Singh SP, Wahajuddin M. Bioanalysis of antitubercular drugs using liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 134:295-309. [PMID: 27951471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a life threatening disease and second to HIV in terms of deaths due to infectious diseases. Drug resistance development of the first-line drugs is a major concern in the treatment of this disease. There is no comprehensive and critical review in the literature of the bioanalytical methods for the determination of anti-tubercular agents from last two decades. This work offers a detailed account on the liquid chromatographic methods reported in the literature for the estimation of various anti-tubercular drugs. Major emphasis is given to sample preparation process, sensitivity of method, chromatographic separation conditions and detection systems used in their bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanumuri Siva Rama Raju
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Manoj Gundeti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Mohd Yaseen Malik
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Naveen Kadian
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Isha Taneja
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Muhammad Wahajuddin
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India.
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21
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Zhang Q, Yang FQ, Ge L, Hu YJ, Xia ZN. Recent applications of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:49-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Liya Ge
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ning Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing P. R. China
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22
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Shi F, Li X, Pan H, Ding L. NQO1 and CYP450 reductase decrease the systemic exposure of rifampicin-quinone and mediate its redox cycle in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 132:17-23. [PMID: 27693756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rifampicin (RIF) is used in regimens for infections caused by Mycobacteria accompanied by serious adverse reactions. Rifampicin-quinone (RIF-Q) is a major autoxidation product of RIF. It is not clear whether RIF-Q plays a role in RIF induced adverse reactions. Investigation of the systemic exposure of RIF-Q is helpful to better understand the role of RIF-Q in RIF induced adverse reactions. In this study, a simple and reproducible high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method involving a procedure to prevent the RIF from oxidation for simultaneous quantification of RIF and RIF-Q in rat plasma has been developed and validated, and applied to elucidate the systemic exposure of RIF-Q in rats. The pharmacokinetics data showed that the systemic exposure of RIF-Q was very low (0.67% of RIF, AUC0-24) in rats after oral administration of RIF. However, RIF-Q may undergo the redox cycle in vivo by the evidence that the majority of RIF-Q was reduced to RIF after an oral dose of RIF-Q. Pretreatment with the NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) specific inhibitor dicoumarol and/or cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium suppressed the redox cycle and significantly increased the systemic exposure of RIF-Q. The inhibitors also attenuated the redox cycle induced reactive oxygen species formation and cytotoxicity in RIF-Q-treated HepG2 cells. These results indicate that NQO1 and CPR play an important role in redox cycle of RIF-Q and may thus contribute to RIF-induced adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuguo Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, China.
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance of Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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23
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24
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Shipkova M, Svinarov D. LC–MS/MS as a tool for TDM services: Where are we? Clin Biochem 2016; 49:1009-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Prahl JB, Lundqvist M, Bahl JMC, Johansen IS, Andersen ÅB, Frimodt-Møller N, Cohen AS. Simultaneous quantification of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. APMIS 2016; 124:1004-1015. [PMID: 27546025 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A remediable cause of poor treatment response in drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) patients may be low plasma levels of one or more of the first-line anti-TB drugs. The aim of this work was to develop an accurate and precise LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of all four first-line anti-TB drugs in plasma suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). To adjust for degradation and losses during sample preparation, isotopically labeled compounds were used as internal standards. Plasma samples spiked with internal standards were extracted using protein precipitation with methanol and acetonitrile. Simultaneous separation of all four drugs was accomplished with a Chromolith Reversed-Phase column and mobile phases consisting of water, methanol, ammonium acetate and formic acid with subsequent mass spectrometric quantification. The linear range of the calibration curve for isoniazid was 0.5-10 mg/L, for rifampicin 0.75-30 mg/L, for ethambutol 0.25-10 mg/L and for pyrazinamide 4-80 mg/L. The lower limit of quantification was 0.5 mg/L, 0.75 mg/L, 0.25 mg/L and 4.0 mg/L, respectively. Precision estimated by the coefficient of variation was <15% for all four drugs. The LC-MS/MS method can readily be used for simultaneous quantification of first-line anti-TB drugs in plasma and is well suited for TDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie B Prahl
- International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Marika Lundqvist
- Department of Congenital Diseases, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Justyna M C Bahl
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Isik S Johansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Åse B Andersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Niels Frimodt-Møller
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Arieh S Cohen
- Department of Congenital Diseases, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Iverson CD, Gu X, Lucy CA. The hydrophilicity vs. ion interaction selectivity plot revisited: The effect of mobile phase pH and buffer concentration on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography selectivity behavior. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1458:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Simultaneous determination of ethionamide and pyrazinamide using poly(l-cysteine) film-modified glassy carbon electrode. Talanta 2016; 154:197-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Development of a Nafion/MWCNT-SPCE-Based Portable Sensor for the Voltammetric Analysis of the Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Ethambutol. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16071015. [PMID: 27376291 PMCID: PMC4970065 DOI: 10.3390/s16071015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe the development, characterization and application of an electrochemical sensor based on the use of Nafion/MWCNT-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for the voltammetric detection of the anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug ethambutol (ETB). The electrochemical behaviour of the drug at the surface of the developed Nafion/MWCNT-SPCEs was studied through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the modified surface of the electrodes. Results showed that, compared to both unmodified and MWCNTs-modified SPCEs, negatively charged Nafion/MWCNT-SPCEs remarkably enhanced the electrochemical sensitivity and selectivity for ETB due to the synergistic effect of the electrostatic interaction between cationic ETB molecules and negatively charged Nafion polymer and the inherent electrocatalytic properties of both MWCNTs and Nafion. Nafion/MWCNT-SPCEs provided excellent biocompatibility, good electrical conductivity, low electrochemical interferences and a high signal-to-noise ratio, providing excellent performance towards ETB quantification in microvolumes of human urine and human blood serum samples. The outcomes of this paper confirm that the Nafion/MWCNT-SPCE-based device could be a potential candidate for the development of a low-cost, yet reliable and efficient electrochemical portable sensor for the low-level detection of this antimycobacterial drug in biological samples.
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Shah PA, Sharma P, Shah JV, Sanyal M, Shrivastav PS. An improved LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of pyrazinamide, pyrazinoic acid and 5-hydroxy pyrazinoic acid in human plasma for a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1017-1018:52-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ferraz BRL, Leite FRF, Malagutti AR. Highly sensitive electrocatalytic determination of pyrazinamide using a modified poly(glycine) glassy carbon electrode by square-wave voltammetry. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-3072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Recent advances in the application of hydrophilic interaction chromatography for the analysis of biological matrices. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2927-45. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) is being increasingly used for the analysis of hydrophilic compounds in biological matrices. The complexity of biological samples demands adequate sample preparation procedures, specifically adjusted for HILIC analyses. Currently, most bioanalytical assays are performed on bare silica and ZIC-HILIC columns. Trends in HILIC for bioanalysis include smaller particle sizes and miniaturization of the analytical column. For complex biological samples, multidimensional techniques can separate and identify more compounds than 1D separations. The high volatility of the mobile phase, the added separation power and high sensitivity make MS the detection method of choice for bioanalysis using HILIC, although other detectors such as evaporative light scattering detection, charged aerosol detection and nuclear magnetic resonance have been reported.
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Role of therapeutic drug monitoring in pulmonary infections: use and potential for expanded use of dried blood spot samples. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:481-95. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections are among the most common infections in men. We reviewed literature to document their pharmacological treatments, and the extent to which therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is needed during treatment. We subsequently examined potential use of dried blood spots as sample procedure for TDM. TDM was found to be an important component of clinical care for many (but not all) pulmonary infections. For gentamicin, linezolid, voriconazole and posaconazole dried blood spot methods and their use in TDM were already evident in literature. For glycopeptides, β-lactam antibiotics and fluoroquinolones it was determined that development of a dried blood spot (DBS) method could be useful. This review identifies specific antibiotics for which development of DBS methods could support the optimization of treatment of pulmonary infections.
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Electroanalysis of antitubercular drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 853:59-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hee KH, Seo JJ, Lee LS. Development and validation of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of first line tuberculosis drugs and metabolites in human plasma and its application in clinical study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 102:253-60. [PMID: 25459921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), first line drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis, are known to cause hepatotoxicity as a serious adverse side effect. To further understand the pharmacokinetic parameters of these two drugs, we have developed and validated a rapid, sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of RIF, INH and their metabolites 25-desacetylrifampicin (DRIF), acetylisoniazid (AcINH) and isonicotinic acid (INA). Analytes were extracted from 20 μl of plasma using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by chromatographic separation on Zorbax SB-Aq column (50 mm × 4.6mm, particle size 5 μm) using stepwise gradient elution of 5mM ammonium acetate and 90% acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid. Separation of all analytes was achieved in the total run time of 6 min. The analytes were detected under positive ionization mode by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and quantification of analytes was performed by using deuterium-labelled internal standard. Excellent linearity (r(2) ≥ 0.995) was achieved for the analytes at different concentration ranges. The method was accurate (90-115%), precise (CV %<14) and specific. Matrix effect was in the range of 93-111% except for INA (40-42%) while recovery from SPE was reproducible (CV %<7.4) in the range of 60-86%. Post-preparative stability (48 h, 6°C autosampler) and freeze-thaw stability (3 cycles) were assessed with mean recovered concentration of >85%. The method was successfully applied to a clinical study of 33 healthy subjects to evaluate the effect of concomitant of INH on the pharmacokinetic parameters of RIF as well as the segregation of the subjects into slow or fast acetylators of INH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim H Hee
- National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Jerold J Seo
- National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Lawrence S Lee
- National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
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Recent advances in hydrophilic interaction chromatography for quantitative analysis of endogenous and pharmaceutical compounds in plasma samples. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:2421-39. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing need for new analytical methods that can handle a large number of analytes in complex matrices. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) has recently been demonstrated as an important supplement to reversed-phase liquid chromatography for polar analytes, particularly endogenous compounds. With the increasing popularity of HILIC, progressively more polar phases with diverse functional groups have been developed. In addition, the coupling of HILIC to mass spectrometry offers the advantages of improved sensitivity by employing an organic-rich mobile phase. This article reviews recent applications of HILIC for the analysis of endogenous and pharmaceutical compounds in plasma samples. Furthermore, based on recent studies, we provide a discussion of column selection, sample pretreatment for HILIC analysis, and detection sensitivity.
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Evaluation of the Effects of Sample Dilution and Volume in Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wang L, Xu Y, Liang L, Diao C, Liu X, Zhang J, Zhang S. LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of PA-824, moxifloxacin and pyrazinamide in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 97:1-8. [PMID: 24798753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and rapid LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of PA-824, moxifloxacin, and pyrazinamide in rat plasma using metronidazole as internal standard. Sample preparation involved a simple one-step protein precipitation with methanol, followed by centrifugation and evaporation of the organic solvent. The residue was redissolved in mobile phase and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. An Inertsil(®) ODS3 C18 column (150mm×4.6mm, 5μm), a mobile phase composed of methanol-0.03% TEA (triethylamine) in water (85:15, v/v), and a flow rate of 0.5mL/min were employed, and the total run time was 6.0min. The mass spectrometer was run in positive ion ESI-APCI combined mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) to monitor the mass transitions. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, range, selectivity, lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), recovery, and matrix effect. All validation parameters met the acceptance criteria according to regulatory guidelines. The LLOQ was 1.0μg/mL for pyrazinamide and 0.1μg/mL for PA-824 and moxifloxacin. The recoveries obtained for PA-824, moxifloxacin and pyrazinamide were ≥85%. Intra-day and inter-day coefficients of variation were less than 10%. The method had been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of fixed dose administration of PA-824, moxifloxacin, pyrazinamide and their combination in SD rat. Significant differences of Tmax, Cmax, AUC(0-t) and CLz/F were observed between the single and combined groups after equal dose of PA-824 and moxifloxacin administration, which revealed the possibility of drug-drug interaction (DDI) between the PaMZ combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yue Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chunyan Diao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jianchun Zhang
- The Quartermaster Research Institute of General Logistics Department of the CPLA, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Wen C, Cai J, Lin C, Ma J, Wang X. Gradient elution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry determination of acetylcorynoline in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Xenobiotica 2014; 44:743-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2014.887802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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