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Xie X, He Z, Sun Z, Zhang S, Cao H, Hammock BD, Liu X. Shark anti-idiotypic variable new antigen receptor specific for an alpaca nanobody: Exploration of a nontoxic substitute to ochratoxin A in immunoassay. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135264. [PMID: 39032175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Nontoxic substitutes to mycotoxins can facilitate the development of eco-friendly immunoassays. To explore a novel nontoxic substitute to ochratoxin A (OTA), this study screened shark anti-idiotypic variable new antigen receptors (VNARs) against the alpaca anti-OTA nanobody Nb28 through phage display. After four rounds of biopanning of a naïve VNAR phage display library derived from six adult Chiloscyllium plagiosum sharks, one positive clone, namely, P-3, was validated through a phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (phage ELISA). The recombinant anti-idiotypic VNAR AId-V3 was obtained by prokaryotic expression, and the interactions between Nb28 and AId-V3 were investigated via computer-assisted simulation. The affinity of AId-V3 for Nb28 and its heptamer Nb28-C4bpα was measured using Biacore assay. Combining Nb28-C4bpα with AId-V3, a novel direct competitive ELISA (dcELISA) was developed for OTA analysis, with a limit of detection of 0.44 ng/mL and a linear range of 1.77-32.25 ng/mL. The good selectivity, reliability, and precision of dcELISA were confirmed via cross-reaction analysis and recovery experiments. Seven commercial pepper powder samples were tested using dcELISA and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Overall, the shark anti-idiotypic VNAR was demonstrated as a promising nontoxic substitute to OTA, and the proposed method was confirmed as a reliable tool for detecting OTA in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhenyun He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhichang Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Sihang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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2
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Zhao J, Li P, ABD EL-ATY AM, Xu L, Lei X, Gao S, Li J, Zhao Y, She Y, Jin F, Wang J, Hammock BD, Jin M. A novel sustainable immunoassay for sensitive detection of atrazine based on the anti-idiotypic nanobody and recombinant full-length antibody. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2024; 491:152039. [PMID: 38882000 PMCID: PMC11173377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.152039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Immunoassays have been widely used to determine small-molecule compounds in food and the environment, meeting the challenge of obtaining false positive or negative results because of the variance in the batches of antibodies and antigens. To resolve this problem, atrazine (ATR) was used as a target, and anti-idiotypic nanobodies for ATR (AI-Nbs) and a recombinant full-length antibody against ATR (ATR-rAb) were prepared for the development of a sustainable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AI-Nb-7, AI-Nb-58, and AI-Nb-66 were selected from an immune phage display library. ATR-rAb was produced in mammalian HEK293 (F) cells. Among the four detection methods explored, the assay using AI-Nb-66 as a coating antigen and ATR-rAb as a detection reagent yielded a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.66 ng mL-1 for ATR and a linear range of 0.35-8.73 ng mL-1. The cross-reactivity of the assay to ametryn was 64.24%, whereas that to terbutylazine was 38.20%. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis illustrated that these cross-reactive triazine compounds can bind to ATR-rAb to varying degrees at high concentrations; however, the binding/dissociation kinetic curves and the response values at the same concentration are different, which results in differences in cross-reactivity. Homology modeling and molecular docking revealed that the triazine ring is vital in recognizing triazine compounds. The proposed immunoassay exhibited acceptable recoveries of 84.40-105.36% for detecting fruit, vegetables, and black tea. In conclusion, this study highlights a new strategy for developing sustainable immunoassays for detecting trace pesticide contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - A. M. ABD EL-ATY
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Lingyuan Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingmei Lei
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Song Gao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Biological and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jia Li
- Jinhua Miaozhidizhi Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fen Jin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology & Nematology and the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maojun Jin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Liu ML, Liang XM, Jin MY, Huang HW, Luo L, Wang H, Shen X, Xu ZL. Food-Borne Biotoxin Neutralization in Vivo by Nanobodies: Current Status and Prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10753-10771. [PMID: 38706131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Food-borne biotoxins from microbes, plants, or animals contaminate unclean, spoiled, and rotten foods, posing significant health risks. Neutralizing such toxins is vital for human health, especially after food poisoning. Nanobodies (Nbs), a type of single-domain antibodies derived from the genetic cloning of a variable domain of heavy chain antibodies (VHHs) in camels, offer unique advantages in toxin neutralization. Their small size, high stability, and precise binding enable effective neutralization. The use of Nbs in neutralizing food-borne biotoxins offers numerous benefits, and their genetic malleability allows tailored optimization for diverse toxins. As nanotechnology continues to evolve and improve, Nbs are poised to become increasingly efficient and safer tools for toxin neutralization, playing a pivotal role in safeguarding human health and environmental safety. This review not only highlights the efficacy of these agents in neutralizing toxins but also proposes innovative solutions to address their current challenges. It lays a solid foundation for their further development in this crucial field and propels their commercial application, thereby contributing significantly to advancements in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ling Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming-Yu Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan, University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Hui-Wei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Yu G, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wu H, Wang Y, Cui Y, Yang Y, Tang X, Zhang Q, Wang J, Sun J, Chen R, Wang Y, Li P. Anti-Idiotypic Nanobody Alkaline Phosphatase Fusion Protein-Triggered On-Off-On Fluorescence Immunosensor for Aflatoxin in Cereals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37917663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanobodies (Nbs) are widely used in immunoassays with the advantages of small size and high stability. Here, the nanobody employed as the surrogate of aflatoxin antigen and the recognition mechanism of antiaflatoxin mAb with nanobody was studied by molecular modeling, which verified the feasibility of Nbs as antigen substitutes. On this basis, a nanobody-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein (Nb-AP) was constructed, and a highly sensitive "on-off-on" fluorescent immunosensor (OFO-FL immunosensor) based on the calcein/Ce3+ system was developed for aflatoxin quantification. Briefly, calcein serves as a signal transducer, and its fluorescence can be quenched after it is bound with Ce3+. In the presence of Nb-AP, AP catalyzed p-nitrophenyl phosphate to generate orthophosphate, which competes in binding with Ce3+, leading to fluorescence recovery. The method has a linearity range of 0.005-100 ng/mL, and the IC50 of the OFO-FL immunosensor was 0.063 ng/mL, which was 18-fold lower than that of conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The assay was successfully applied in food samples with a recovery of 88-121%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haofen Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuefan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- , Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- , Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Sinograin Hubei Branch Quality Inspection Center Co, LTD., Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- , Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
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Zuo J, Yan T, Tang X, Zhang Q, Li P. Dual-Modal Immunosensor Made with the Multifunction Nanobody for Fluorescent/Colorimetric Sensitive Detection of Aflatoxin B 1 in Maize. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:2771-2780. [PMID: 36598495 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, dual-modal immunosensors based on synthetic nanomaterials have provided accurate and sensitive detection. However, preparation of nanomaterial probes can be time-consuming, laborious, and not limited to producing inactive and low-affinity antibodies. These challenges can be addressed through the multifunction nanobody without conjugation. In this study, a nanobody-enhanced green fluorescent (Nb26-EGFP) was novel produced with a satisfactory affinity and fluorescent properties. Then, a dual-modal fluorescent/colorimetric immunosensor was constructed using the Nb26-EGFP-gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) composite as a probe, to detect the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). In the maize matrix, the proposed immunosensor showed high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0024 ng/mL and a visual LOD of 1 ng/mL, which is 20-fold and 325-fold compared with the Nb26-EGFP-based single-modal immunosensor and original nanobody Nb26-based immunoassay. The performance of the dual-modal assay was validated by a high-performance liquid chromatography method. The recoveries were between 83.19 and 108.85%, with the coefficients of variation below 9.43%, indicating satisfied accuracy and repeatability. Overall, the novel Nb26-EGFP could be used as the detection probe, and the dual-modal immunosensor could be used as a practical detection method for AFB1 in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasi Zuo
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
| | - Tingting Yan
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Quality Inspection & Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei430062, China
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Mills C, Campbell K. A new chapter for anti-idiotypes in low molecular weight compound immunoassays. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1102-1120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Hou T, Wang S. Homing peptide combined with DNAzyme-based ELISA-like assay for highly specific and sensitive detection of fibrin. Talanta 2022; 238:122995. [PMID: 34857328 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and specific ELISA-like chemiluminescence method for detection of fibrin has been developed. In the sensing platform, the homing peptide (CREKA), as recognition molecule, which can specially recognize the fibrin on microtiter plate, combined with G-quadruplex-based DNAzyme to form the probe of G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme-CREKA. After the sample solution was coated on the plates, the probe was crosslinked with fibrin through the interaction of CREKA and fibrin. Finally, luminol-H2O2 chemiluminesecence (CL) reaction was exploited for quantitative analysis of fibrin. The liner range for fibrin detection was from 0.112 pmol L-1 to 5.6 pmol L-1 with the detection limit of fibrin as low as 0.04 pmol L-1, based on a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 3. Furthermore, on the basis of the high amplification efficiency of the rolling circle amplification (RCA) reaction, the method enabled to analyze fibrin with a detection limit corresponding to 0.06 fmol L-1, whose sensitivity increased 3 orders of magnitude than that of above method in the absence of RCA reaction. In particular, combined with the separation and washing steps of ELISA, the proposed method possessed higher selectivity, high-throughput and low cost, which shows promise for applications in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Jinrong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Yuanfu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
| | - Yinghong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Shuhao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
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Huang DT, Fu HJ, Huang JJ, Luo L, Lei HT, Shen YD, Chen ZJ, Wang H, Xu ZL. Mimotope-Based Immunoassays for the Rapid Analysis of Mycotoxin: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11743-11752. [PMID: 34583509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic contaminants in foods and feeds that are naturally occurring and largely unavoidable. Determining their contents in these products is essential to protect humans from harm. Immunoassays of mycotoxins have been well-established because they are fast, sensitive, simple, and cost-effective. However, a major limitation of immunoassays is the requirement of toxic mycotoxins as competing antigens, standards, or competing tracers. Mimotopes are peptides or proteins that can specifically bind to antibodies and compete with analytes for binding sites by mimicking antigenic epitopes. They can be employed as substitutes for competing antigens, standards, or competing tracers to avoid use of mycotoxins. This review summarizes the production and functionalization of the two main kinds of mimotopes, mimic peptides and anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2), and their applications in rapid analysis of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Tong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui-Jun Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Jia Huang
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou 510665, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong-Tao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zi-Jian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Li P, Deng S, Zech Xu Z. Toxicant substitutes in immunological assays for mycotoxins detection: A mini review. Food Chem 2020; 344:128589. [PMID: 33246689 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recurring mycotoxins contamination has posedaseriousthreatto food safety worldwide. Competitive immunoassays are widely used techniques for high-throughput mycotoxins detection in agricultural products and foods. However, the inevitable introduction of mycotoxin conjugates produced by chemical conjugation usually results in complicated by-products, large batch errors and threats to operators and environment. Biologically derived surrogates of mycotoxin conjugates or mycotoxin standards are renewable immunoreagents. They can serve the same function as the responding counterparts in the immunoassays. The substitute-based immunoassays exhibit satisfactory sensitivity, pose less health threats to operators and environment, and contribute to the standardization of immunoassays for mycotoxins. This review focuses on the current applications of substitute-based immunoassays, clarifies their underlying mechanisms and provides a careful comparison. Challenges and future prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shengliang Deng
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, No. 7777 Changdong Avenue, Nanchang 330096, China.
| | - Zhenjiang Zech Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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10
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Application of phage-display developed antibody and antigen substitutes in immunoassays for small molecule contaminants analysis: A mini-review. Food Chem 2020; 339:128084. [PMID: 33152875 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Toxic small molecule contaminants (SMCs) residues in food threaten human health. Immunoassays are popular and simple techniques for SMCs analysis. However, immunoassays based on polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies and chemosynthetic antigens have some defects, such as complicated preparation of antibodies, risk of toxic haptens using for antigen chemosynthesis and so on. Phage-display technique has been proven to be an attractive alternative approach to producing antibody and antigen substitutes of SMCs, and opened up new realms for developing immunoassays of SMCs. These substitutes contain five types, including anti-idiotypic recombinant antibody (AIdA), anti-immune complex peptide (AIcP), anti-immune complex recombinant antibody (AIcA) and anti-SMC recombinant antibody (anti-SMC RAb). In this review, the principle of immunoassays based on the five types of substitutes, as well as their application and advantages are summarized and discussed.
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11
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Zhang Z, Yu X, Zhao J, Shi X, Sun A, Jiao H, Xiao T, Li D, Chen J. A fluorescence microplate assay based on molecularly imprinted silica coated quantum dot optosensing materials for the separation and detection of okadaic acid in shellfish. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125622. [PMID: 31918075 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are attracting substantial interest as artificial plastic antibodies because of their biometric capability for targeting small molecules. In this study, molecularly imprinted silica material-coated quantum dots (MIS-QDs) with selective recognition capability to okadaic acid (OA) were developed and characterized. The synthesized MIS-QDs with specific imprinting cavities exhibited excellent recognition capability similar to those of biological antibodies and high fluorescence (FL) quenching selectivity for OA. Furthermore, the MIS-QDs with unsaturated bonds were immobilized onto the surface of 96-well microplates by cold plasma-induced grafting. A novel direct competitive microplate assay strategy was then proposed. The FL quenching properties of the developed microplate assay showed an excellent linear relationship with OA in the range of 10.0-100.0 μg/kg with a correlation coefficient of 0.9961. The limit of detection for OA was 0.25 μg/kg in the shellfish samples. The mean quantitative recoveries were 92.5%-101.0% and 92.9%-101.3%, with relative standard deviations of <7.7% and 7.6% for pure solvents and purified shellfish samples, respectively. The established microplate assay strategy can be used as a rapid and high-throughput method for analyzing OA marine toxins in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Xinru Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 19 Houde Road, Ningbo, 315040, PR China
| | - Xizhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Aili Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Haifeng Jiao
- College of Biological and Environment Science, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Dexiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
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12
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Zhang C, Zhang Q, Tang X, Zhang W, Li P. Development of an Anti-Idiotypic VHH Antibody and Toxin-Free Enzyme Immunoassay for Ochratoxin A in Cereals. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050280. [PMID: 31137467 PMCID: PMC6563187 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits have been widely used for the determination of mycotoxins in agricultural products and foods, however, this test uses toxin standards with high toxicity and carcinogenicity that seriously threaten human health. In this work, the anti-idiotypic nanobody VHH 2-24 was first developed and then, using it as a surrogate standard, a toxin-free enzyme immunoassay for ochratoxin A (OTA) was established. The IC50 value of the VHH 2-24 surrogate standard-based ELISA was 0.097 µg/mL, with a linear range of 0.027–0.653 µg/mL. The average recoveries were tested by spike-and-recovery experiments, and ranged from 81.8% to 105.0%. The accuracy of the developed ELISA for detecting OTA was further verified by using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, and an excellent correlation was observed. In summary, the toxin-free ELISA established in this study proves the latent use of the anti-idiotypic VHH as a surrogate calibrator for other mycotoxins and highly toxic small molecule analysis to improve assay properties for highly sensitive analyte determination in agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Peiwu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
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13
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He T, Zhu J, Nie Y, Hu R, Wang T, Li P, Zhang Q, Yang Y. Nanobody Technology for Mycotoxin Detection in the Field of Food Safety: Current Status and Prospects. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E180. [PMID: 29710823 PMCID: PMC5983236 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10050180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins, which are toxic, carcinogenic, and/or teratogenic, have posed a threat to food safety and public health. Sensitive and effective determination technologies for mycotoxin surveillance are required. Immunoassays have been regarded as useful supplements to chromatographic techniques. However, conventional antibodies involved in immunoassays are difficult to be expressed recombinantly and are susceptible to harsh environments. Nanobodies (or VHH antibodies) are antigen-binding sites of the heavy-chain antibodies produced from Camelidae. They are found to be expressed easily in prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression systems, more robust in extreme conditions, and facile to be used as surrogates for artificial antigens. These properties make them the promising and environmentally friendly immunoreagents in the next generation of immunoassays. This review briefly describes the latest developments in the area of nanobodies used in mycotoxin detection. Moreover, by integrating the introduction of the principle of nanobodies production and the critical assessment of their performance, this paper also proposes the prospect of nanobodies in the field of food safety in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Rui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yunhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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14
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Wang J, Mukhtar H, Ma L, Pang Q, Wang X. VHH Antibodies: Reagents for Mycotoxin Detection in Food Products. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18020485. [PMID: 29415506 PMCID: PMC5855929 DOI: 10.3390/s18020485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are the toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi and they are a worldwide public health concern. A VHH antibody (or nanobody) is the smallest antigen binding entity and is produced by heavy chain only antibodies. Compared with conventional antibodies, VHH antibodies overcome many pitfalls typically encountered in clinical therapeutics and immunodiagnostics. Likewise, VHH antibodies are particularly useful for monitoring mycotoxins in food and feedstuffs, as they are easily genetic engineered and have superior stability. In this review, we summarize the efforts to produce anti-mycotoxins VHH antibodies and associated assays, presenting VHH as a potential tool in mycotoxin analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hina Mukhtar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Lan Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qian Pang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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15
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Nian Y, Wang H, Ying G, Yang M, Wang Z, Kong W, Yang S. Transfer rates of aflatoxins from herbal medicines to decoctions determined by an optimized high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 70:278-288. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to explore the transfer rates of aflatoxins from several contaminated herbal medicines by fungi to their decoctions.
Methods
Five types of commonly used herbal medicines including Lilii Bulbus, Hordei Fructus Germinatus, Nelumbinis Semen, Polygalae Radix and Bombyx Batryticatus were selected as the examples. Raw herbal medicine samples were treated by ultrasonication-assisted extraction with 70% methanol and immunoaffinity column clean-up, and the decoctions were prepared following the commonly used boiling method with water for 2 h. Then, the optimized high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) method was validated for the quantitative analysis of four aflatoxins (AFG2, AFG1, AFB2 and AFB1) after postcolumn photochemical derivatization, which was proved to be reliable and sensitive.
Key findings
Aflatoxins were detected to be transferred from the herbal medicines to decoctions with significantly different transfer rates in the five types of herbal medicines. Quietly high transfer rates of 7.26–115.36% for AFG2, 4.37–26.37% for AFB1 and 9.64–47.68% for AFB2 were obtained. AFB1 as the most toxic aflatoxin expressed the lowest transfer rate, but still exhibited high amount in the samples.
Conclusions
Therefore, the monitoring of aflatoxins in herbal medicines and their decoctions is in great urgency to ensure the security of consumers taking decoctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Nian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyao Ying
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weijun Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shihai Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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16
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Zhu Y, Liu CL, Xie ZJ, Liu LQ, Peng CF, Xue F. Botryoid-shaped nanoparticles-enhanced ELISA for ochratoxin A. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1266602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Li Liu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Jun Xie
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Qiang Liu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi-Fang Peng
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Xue
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Jiangsu Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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