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Szumska M, Mroczek P, Tyrpień-Golder K, Pastuszka B, Janoszka B. Determination of Cotinine, 3'-Hydroxycotinine and Nicotine 1'-Oxide in Urine of Passive and Active Young Smokers by LC-Orbitrap-MS/MS Technique. Molecules 2024; 29:3643. [PMID: 39125048 PMCID: PMC11313786 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is probably the most significant factor conducing to toxic xenobiotics exposure to humans. The aim of the study was to develop a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of selected nicotine metabolites in urine of tobacco smokers and passive smokers. The method for removing protein and extracting the metabolites involved the centrifugation of urine with acetonitrile. Cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and (2'S)-nicotine 1'-oxide in the supernatant were determined using the LC-Orbitrap-MS/MS technique, with the selected ion monitoring (SIM) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) modes used. The recovery of these analytes added to the urine samples ranged from 72% to 101%. Repeatability and reproducibility were less than 3.1% and 10.1%, respectively. The study was carried out among medical students. The group was selected as representatives of young people and who as future physicians should be more aware of the effects of nicotine use. Concentration levels of cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine determined in ng/mL in the urine of cigarette smokers were 70- and 58-fold higher, respectively, compared to passive smokers. Higher concentrations were recorded in the urine of those passively exposed to tobacco smoke than in non-smokers, confirming that passive exposure to tobacco smoke is not harmless to the human body. However, no significant differences were observed in the concentration of (1'S,2'S)-nicotine 1'-oxide in the samples of individuals from various groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szumska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.M.); (K.T.-G.)
- Research and Implementation Center Silesia LabMed, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Paweł Mroczek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.M.); (K.T.-G.)
| | - Krystyna Tyrpień-Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.M.); (K.T.-G.)
| | - Beata Pastuszka
- Research and Implementation Center Silesia LabMed, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Beata Janoszka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.M.); (K.T.-G.)
- Research and Implementation Center Silesia LabMed, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
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2
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Chen YC, Hsu JF, Chang CW, Li SW, Yang YC, Chao MR, Chen HJC, Liao PC. Connecting chemical exposome to human health using high-resolution mass spectrometry-based biomonitoring: Recent advances and future perspectives. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:2466-2486. [PMID: 36062854 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Compared with the rapid advances in genomics leading to broad understanding of human disease, the linkage between chemical exposome and diseases is still under investigation. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is expected to accelerate the process via relatively accurate and precise biomonitoring of human exposome. This review covers recent advancements in biomonitoring of exposed environmental chemicals (chemical exposome) using HRMS described in the 124 articles that resulted from a systematic literature search on Medline and Web of Science databases. The analytical strategic aspects, including the selection of specimens, sample preparation, instrumentation, untargeted versus targeted analysis, and workflows for MS-based biomonitoring to explore the environmental chemical space of human exposome, are deliberated. Applications of HRMS in human exposome investigation are presented by biomonitoring (1) exposed chemical compounds and their biotransformation products; (2) DNA/protein adducts; and (3) endogenous compound perturbations. Challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chih Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Fang Hsu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wen Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Yang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hauh-Jyun C Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Chi Liao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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3
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Rehan M, Zargar UR, Sheikh IA, Alharthy SA, Almashjary MN, Abuzenadah AM, Beg MA. Potential Disruption of Systemic Hormone Transport by Tobacco Alkaloids Using Computational Approaches. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10120727. [PMID: 36548560 PMCID: PMC9784225 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco/nicotine is one of the most toxic and addictive substances and continues to pose a significant threat to global public health. The harmful effects of smoking/nicotine affect every system in the human body. Nicotine has been associated with effects on endocrine homeostasis in humans such as the imbalance of gonadal steroid hormones, adrenal corticosteroid hormones, and thyroid hormones. The present study was conducted to characterize the structural binding interactions of nicotine and its three important metabolites, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and 5'-hydroxycotinine, against circulatory hormone carrier proteins, i.e., sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). Nicotine and its metabolites formed nonbonded contacts and/or hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues of the carrier proteins. For SHBG, Phe-67 and Met-139 were the most important amino acid residues for nicotine ligand binding showing the maximum number of interactions and maximum loss in ASA. For CBG, Trp-371 and Asn-264 were the most important amino acid residues, and for TBG, Ser-23, Leu-269, Lys-270, Asn-273, and Arg-381 were the most important amino acid residues. Most of the amino acid residues of carrier proteins interacting with nicotine ligands showed a commonality with the interacting residues for the native ligands of the proteins. Taken together, the results suggested that nicotine and its three metabolites competed with native ligands for binding to their carrier proteins. Thus, nicotine and its three metabolites may potentially interfere with the binding of testosterone, estradiol, cortisol, progesterone, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine to their carrier proteins and result in the disbalance of their transport and homeostasis in the blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rehan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ummer R. Zargar
- Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Anantnag 192101, Kashmir, India
| | - Ishfaq A. Sheikh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif A. Alharthy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Toxicology and Forensic Sciences Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Animal House Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed N. Almashjary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Animal House Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Abuzenadah
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd A. Beg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Maurer JJ, Wimmer ME, Turner CA, Herman RJ, Zhang Y, Ragnini K, Ferrante J, Kimmey BA, Crist RC, Christopher Pierce R, Schmidt HD. Paternal nicotine taking elicits heritable sex-specific phenotypes that are mediated by hippocampal Satb2. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3864-3874. [PMID: 35595980 PMCID: PMC9675874 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine intake, whether through tobacco smoking or e-cigarettes, remains a global health concern. An emerging preclinical literature indicates that parental nicotine exposure produces behavioral, physiological, and molecular changes in subsequent generations. However, the heritable effects of voluntary parental nicotine taking are unknown. Here, we show increased acquisition of nicotine taking in male and female offspring of sires that self-administered nicotine. In contrast, self-administration of sucrose and cocaine were unaltered in male and female offspring suggesting that the intergenerational effects of paternal nicotine taking may be reinforcer specific. Further characterization revealed memory deficits and increased anxiety-like behaviors in drug-naive male, but not female, offspring of nicotine-experienced sires. Using an unbiased, genome-wide approach, we discovered that these phenotypes were associated with decreased expression of Satb2, a transcription factor known to play important roles in synaptic plasticity and memory formation, in the hippocampus of nicotine-sired male offspring. This effect was sex-specific as no changes in Satb2 expression were found in nicotine-sired female offspring. Finally, increasing Satb2 levels in the hippocampus prevented the escalation of nicotine intake and rescued the memory deficits associated with paternal nicotine taking in male offspring. Collectively, these findings indicate that paternal nicotine taking produces heritable sex-specific molecular changes that promote addiction-like phenotypes and memory impairments in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Maurer
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mathieu E Wimmer
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Christopher A Turner
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rae J Herman
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kael Ragnini
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Julia Ferrante
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Blake A Kimmey
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Richard C Crist
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - R Christopher Pierce
- Brain Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Heath D Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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5
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Omolaoye TS, El Shahawy O, Skosana BT, Boillat T, Loney T, du Plessis SS. The mutagenic effect of tobacco smoke on male fertility. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62055-62066. [PMID: 34536221 PMCID: PMC9464177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the association between tobacco use and the harmful effects on general health as well as male fertility parameters, smoking remains globally prevalent. The main content of tobacco smoke is nicotine and its metabolite cotinine. These compounds can pass the blood-testis barrier, which subsequently causes harm of diverse degree to the germ cells. Although controversial, smoking has been shown to cause not only a decrease in sperm motility, sperm concentration, and an increase in abnormal sperm morphology, but also genetic and epigenetic aberrations in spermatozoa. Both animal and human studies have highlighted the occurrence of sperm DNA-strand breaks (fragmentation), genome instability, genetic mutations, and the presence of aneuploids in the germline of animals and men exposed to tobacco smoke. The question to be asked at this point is, if smoking has the potential to cause all these genetic aberrations, what is the extent of damage? Hence, this review aimed to provide evidence that smoking has a mutagenic effect on sperm and how this subsequently affects male fertility. Additionally, the role of tobacco smoke as an aneugen will be explored. We furthermore aim to incorporate the epidemiological aspects of the aforementioned and provide a holistic approach to the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo S Omolaoye
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Omar El Shahawy
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Bongekile T Skosana
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Thomas Boillat
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tom Loney
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan S du Plessis
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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6
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Jin S, Pang W, Zhao L, Zhao Z, Mei S. Review of HPLC-MS methods for the analysis of nicotine and its active metabolite cotinine in various biological matrices. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5351. [PMID: 35106788 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, tobacco smoking is a risk factor for a series of diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and cancers. Nicotine, the primary component of tobacco smoke, is mainly transformed to its active metabolite cotinine, which is often used as biomarker for tobacco exposure for its higher blood concentration and longer residence time than nicotine. Various analytical methods have been developed for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in biological matrices. This article reviewed the HPLC-MS based methods for nicotine and/or cotinine analysis in various biological matrices. The sample preparation, mass and chromatographic conditions and method validation results of these methods have been summarized and analyzed. Sample was mainly pretreated by protein precipitation and/or extraction. Separation was achieved using methanol and/or acetonitrile:water (with or without ammonium acetate) on C18 columns, and acetonitrile:water (with formic acid, ammonium acetate/formate) on HILIC columns. Nicotine-d3, nicotine-d4 and cotinine-d3 were commonly used internal standards. Other non-deuterated IS were also used such as ritonavir, N-ethylnorcotinine, and milrinone. For both nicotine and cotinine, the calibration range was 0.005-35000 ng/mL, the matrix effect was 75.96% - 126.8% and the recovery was 53% - 124.5%. The two analytes were stable at room temperature for 1-10 days, at -80 °C for up to 6 months, and after 3-6 freeze-thaw cycles. Comedications did not affect nicotine and cotinine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Jin
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Pang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shenghui Mei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Application of HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS and New RP-HPLC-DAD System Utilizing the Chaotropic Effect for Determination of Nicotine and Its Major Metabolites Cotinine, and trans-3'-Hydroxycotinine in Human Plasma Samples. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030682. [PMID: 35163947 PMCID: PMC8839739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The routine techniques currently applied for the determination of nicotine and its major metabolites, cotinine, and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine, in biological fluids, include spectrophotometric, immunoassays, and chromatographic techniques. The aim of this study was to develop, and compare two new chromatographic methods high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS), and RP-HPLC enriched with chaotropic additives, which would allow reliable confirmation of tobacco smoke exposure in toxicological and epidemiological studies. The concentrations of analytes were determined in human plasma as the sample matrix. The methods were compared in terms of the linearity, accuracy, repeatability, detection and quantification limits (LOD and LOQ), and recovery. The obtained validation parameters met the ICH requirements for both proposed procedures. However, the limits of detection (LOD) were much better for HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS (0.07 ng mL−1 for trans-3′-hydroxcotinine; 0.02 ng mL−1 for cotinine; 0.04 ng mL−1 for nicotine) in comparison to the RP-HPLC-DAD enriched with chaotropic additives (1.47 ng mL−1 for trans-3′-hydroxcotinine; 1.59 ng mL−1 for cotinine; 1.50 ng mL−1 for nicotine). The extraction efficiency (%) was concentration-dependent and ranged between 96.66% and 99.39% for RP-HPLC-DAD and 76.8% to 96.4% for HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. The usefulness of the elaborated analytical methods was checked on the example of the analysis of a blood sample taken from a tobacco smoker. The nicotine, cotinine, and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine contents in the smoker’s plasma quantified by the RP-HPLC-DAD method differed from the values measured by the HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. However, the relative errors of measurements were smaller than 10% (6.80%, 6.72%, 2.04% respectively).
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Tao XY, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu ZF, Feng XS. Nicotine in Complex Samples: Recent Updates on the Pretreatment and Analysis Method. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:1209-1238. [PMID: 34955065 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2016365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is a significant evaluation index of tobacco and its related products' quality, but nicotine overdose can pose serious health hazards and cause addiction and dependence, thus it can be seen that it is necessary to find suitable and efficient detection methods to precisely detect nicotine in diverse samples and complex matrices. In this review, an updated summary of the latest trends in pretreatment and analytical techniques for nicotine is provided. We reviewed various sample pretreatment methods, such as solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, liquid phase microextraction, QuEChERS, etc., and diverse nicotine assay methods including liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, electrochemical sensors, etc., focusing on the developments since 2015. Furthermore, the recent progress in the applications and applicability of these techniques as well as our prospects for future developments are discussed.HighlightsUpdated pretreatment and analysis methods of nicotine were systematically summarized.Microextraction and automation were main development trends of nicotine pretreatment.The introduction of novel materials added luster to nicotine pretreatment.The evolutions of ion source and mass analyzer were emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Tao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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An J, Dong Z, Zhang W, Yan Y, Kang W, Lian K. Development of a simple nanofiber-based solid phase extraction procedure coupled with high performance liquid chromatography analysis for the quantification of eight sedative-hypnotic drugs in human urine samples. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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10
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Determination of Nicotine-Related Impurities in Nicotine Pouches and Tobacco-Containing Products by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8060077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco products and nicotine-containing tobacco-free oral pouches have increased in popularity in recent years. They are associated with far fewer health hazards compared to cigarettes. Nicotine pouches are filled with non-tobacco filler and nicotine. The nicotine used in nicotine pouches usually comes from the extraction of tobacco; thus, related alkaloids may be found as impurities at low levels. Moreover, nicotine degradation products are formed because of microbial action, flavor oxidation, exposure to high temperatures etc. Currently, there are no published or recommended methods for the analysis of nicotine degradants in nicotine pouches. Here, we present a sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of seven nicotine-related impurities. All seven analytes and corresponding deuterated internal standards were separated within 3.5 min, including 1 min equilibration. The method was fully validated, showing good linearity with correlation coefficients >0.996 for all analytes, good extraction yields ranging from 78% to 110%, limits of detection between 0.08 and 0.56 µg/g and limits of quantification between 0.27 and 2.04 µg/g. Although the method was mainly developed to determine the degradants of nicotine in nicotine pouches, it was validated and performed well on a broader range of tobacco-containing products.
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11
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Seminal Plasma Proteomic Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239113. [PMID: 33266209 PMCID: PMC7731432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of idiopathic male infertility is high, up to 75% of patients with abnormal sperm parameters. Hence, the research of its causes is mandatory. Oxidative stress (OS) can be responsible for male infertility in 30–80% of cases. In recent years, seminal plasma (SP) proteomics has developed as a useful tool to provide biomarkers of specific diseases. This systematic review aims to collect the available evidence on the changes of SP proteome in patients exposed to OS to provide possible SP biomarkers of sperm OS. To accomplish this, the following keyterms “seminal fluid proteome”, “seminal plasma proteome”, “oxidative stress”, and “sperm oxidative stress” were used and 137 records were found. Among these, 17 were finally included. Nine proteins involved with OS were found overexpressed in patients with OS. Twenty-three proteins were found differentially expressed in patients with clinical conditions associated with OS, such as varicocele, male accessory gland infection/inflammation, cigarette smoke, and obesity. These proteins do not seem to overlap among the clinical conditions taken into account. We speculate that specific SP proteins may mediate OS in different clinical conditions. Altogether, these results suggest that proteomics could help to better understand some of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of infertility. However, further studies are needed to identify potential biomarkers of male infertility with valuable clinical significance.
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12
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Marinucci L, Balloni S, Bellucci C, Lilli C, Stabile AM, Calvitti M, Aglietti MC, Gambelunghe A, Muzi G, Rende M, Luca G, Mancuso F, Arato I. Effects of nicotine on porcine pre-pupertal sertoli cells: An in vitro study. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 67:104882. [PMID: 32423882 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Smoke components, such as nicotine and its major metabolites, cross the blood-testis barrier and are detectable in the seminal plasma of both active smokers and individuals exposed to cigarette smoke. In vivo studies in a rat model have further demonstrated that nicotine exposure reduces the weight of the testis, as well as the number of spermatocytes and spermatids, and affects the ultrastructure of Sertoli cells (SC) - which serve as sentinels of spermatogenesis - causing intense germ cell sloughing in the tubular lumen that compromises offspring fertility. This study sought to determine the effects of nicotine on the viability and function of purified pig pre-pubertal SC. Nicotine exposure reduced the mRNA expression and protein levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B and impaired FSH-r sensitivity via the downregulation of FSH-r and aromatase gene expression compared to untreated SC. Overall, our study suggests that nicotine can significantly alter extracellular matrix and tight junction protein gene expression (e.g., laminin, integrin, and occludin), thus compromising cross-talk between the interstitial and tubular compartments and enhancing blood-testis barrier (BTB) permeability via downregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. These findings further elucidate a potential mechanism of action underlying nicotine exposure's detrimental effects on SC function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy.
| | - Stefania Balloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Catia Bellucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Stabile
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Mario Calvitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | | | - Angela Gambelunghe
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy; Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Giacomo Muzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy; Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Toxicology, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Mario Rende
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy; Division of Medical Andrology and Endocrinology of Reproduction, Saint Mary Hospital, Terni 05100, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancuso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Iva Arato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
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13
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Liu Y, Zhang D, Du J, Qin Y, Zhao Z, Shi Y, Mei S, Liu Y. Simultaneous determination of plasma nicotine and cotinine by UHPLC–MS/MS in C57BL/6 mice and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4634. [PMID: 31257625 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function ReconstructionSchool of Stomatology, Capital Medical University 4 Tiantanxili Beijing P. R. China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical University 119 Nansihuan West Road, Fengtai District Beijing P. R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function ReconstructionSchool of Stomatology, Capital Medical University 4 Tiantanxili Beijing P. R. China
| | - Ying Qin
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function ReconstructionSchool of Stomatology, Capital Medical University 4 Tiantanxili Beijing P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical University 119 Nansihuan West Road, Fengtai District Beijing P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesCapital Medical University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesCapital Medical University Beijing P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Shenghui Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical University 119 Nansihuan West Road, Fengtai District Beijing P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesCapital Medical University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function ReconstructionSchool of Stomatology, Capital Medical University 4 Tiantanxili Beijing P. R. China
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14
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Malińska D, Więckowski MR, Michalska B, Drabik K, Prill M, Patalas-Krawczyk P, Walczak J, Szymański J, Mathis C, Van der Toorn M, Luettich K, Hoeng J, Peitsch MC, Duszyński J, Szczepanowska J. Mitochondria as a possible target for nicotine action. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2019; 51:259-276. [PMID: 31197632 PMCID: PMC6679833 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-019-09800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional and dynamic organelles deeply integrated into cellular physiology and metabolism. Disturbances in mitochondrial function are involved in several disorders such as neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and also in the aging process. Nicotine is a natural alkaloid present in the tobacco plant which has been well studied as a constituent of cigarette smoke. It has also been reported to influence mitochondrial function both in vitro and in vivo. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the present knowledge of nicotine action on mitochondrial function. Observed effects of nicotine exposure on the mitochondrial respiratory chain, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and mitophagy are discussed, considering the context of the experimental design. The potential action of nicotine on cellular adaptation and cell survival is also examined through its interaction with mitochondria. Although a large number of studies have demonstrated the impact of nicotine on various mitochondrial activities, elucidating its mechanism of action requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Malińska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz R Więckowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Michalska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Drabik
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Prill
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Patalas-Krawczyk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Walczak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Szymański
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carole Mathis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Van der Toorn
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Karsta Luettich
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A. (part of Philip Morris International group of companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jerzy Duszyński
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Szczepanowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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