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Dupas de Matos A, Gomes Reis M, Maggs R, Hort J. Understanding consumer acceptability of verjuice, its potential applications and sensory and chemical drivers of liking. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114480. [PMID: 38823868 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The wine sector is working to add value, enhance sustainability and reduce waste, yet often creating new products with unknown consumer acceptance. Verjuice, juice made from discarded unripe thinned grapes, is an example. Whilst verjuice has various culinary uses, its versatility in beverages continues to expand. However, its sensory drivers of liking when consumed as a drink, and their potential impact on its application remain unclear. Chemical drivers of sensory characteristics are also unknown representing a critical knowledge gap needed to guide product innovation. This study aimed to provide new knowledge regarding consumer acceptability of verjuice by identifying its sensory drivers of liking as a beverage, evaluating its potential use in different applications and identifying chemical drivers of its sensory characteristics. New Zealand consumers (n = 93) evaluated 13 verjuice samples from different countries. Furthermore, verjuice familiarity and its influence on emotional response was investigated to determine likely future consumer engagement. Sweetness was the most positive driver of liking in verjuice overall, followed by fruity and floral notes, smoothness, and to a lesser extent citrus flavour. Consumers expressed varied preferences for verjuice's sensory profile, with fruity, floral, and honey flavours driving beverage application, whilst winey and green apple notes were more associated with culinary scenarios. Some association between chemical parameters and sensory attributes were evident (e.g. sugars were highly associated with perceived sweetness, fruity, and floral attributes; these attributes also shared proximity with 1-hexanol and cyclohexanol). The general idea of verjuice elicited positive valence emotions, but consumers who were 'not familiar' felt more curious, and those 'familiar' felt happier and more satisfied. Findings highlight the potential to tailor verjuice for specific applications by understanding desired sensory profiles and related chemical parameters. Recognising the interplay between familiarity level and emotional response is crucial for positioning the product in the marketplace and fostering consumer engagement. Marketing initiatives are needed to increase verjuice familiarity and support product innovation, leading to increased product appeal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Dupas de Matos
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, Massey University, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | | | - Robyn Maggs
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, Massey University, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Joanne Hort
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing (Feast) Lab, Massey University, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand
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2
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Piana ML, Cianciabella M, Daniele GM, Badiani A, Rocculi P, Tappi S, Gatti E, Marcazzan GL, Magli M, Medoro C, Predieri S. Influence of the Physical State of Two Monofloral Honeys on Sensory Properties and Consumer Satisfaction. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050986. [PMID: 36900503 PMCID: PMC10000918 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is a worldwide known and appreciated food product. Its appreciation by consumers is due to both its nutritional properties and the extremely reduced processing. The floral origin, color, aroma and taste are key factors in determining the quality of honey. Nevertheless, rheological properties, as crystallization rate, play a fundamental role in the perceived overall quality. Indeed, crystallized honey is often considered of poor quality by consumers, but a fine-grained or creamy texture is becoming interesting from the producers' side. The purpose of this study was to investigate textural and aromatic properties and consumers' perception and acceptance of two monofloral honeys that were differently crystallized. Liquid and creamy samples were obtained from crystallized samples. Physico-chemical, descriptive and dynamic sensory analysis, as well as consumer and CATA tests, were conducted on the three honey textures. The physico-chemical analysis well-discriminated the crystallization levels and evidenced that, although the honey variety was different, the textural properties of the creamy samples are very similar. Crystallization was shown to affect the honey sensory perceptions: liquid samples were sweeter, but less aromatic. Consumer tests allowed the validation of panel data and confirmed consumers' higher appreciation for liquid and creamy honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucia Piana
- Piana Ricerca e Consulenza, Castel San Pietro Terme (BO), 40024 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Cianciabella
- IBE-Institute of BioEconomy, CNR, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Anna Badiani
- Veterinary Medical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Rocculi
- Agricultural and Food Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Tappi
- Agricultural and Food Sciences Department, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Gatti
- IBE-Institute of BioEconomy, CNR, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marcazzan
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Agriculture and Environment Research Center, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Magli
- IBE-Institute of BioEconomy, CNR, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Medoro
- IBE-Institute of BioEconomy, CNR, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Predieri
- IBE-Institute of BioEconomy, CNR, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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3
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A Sustainable Approach Based on the Use of Unripe Grape Frozen Musts to Modulate Wine Characteristics as a Proof of Concept. BEVERAGES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages8040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to develop a sustainable methodology for must acidity correction in winemaking, particularly needed in warm regions, the present study intends to fulfill the circular economy values. Antão Vaz white wines were produced using two different strategies for must acidity correction: (i) the addition of a mixture of organic acids (Mix*) commonly used in winemaking; and (ii) the addition of previously produced unripe grape must (UM*) from the same grape variety. In addition, a testimonial (T*) sample was produced with no acidity correction. For all wines produced, oenological parameters were determined, and both amino acid (AA) content and volatile composition were evaluated. A higher AA content was found in the Antão Vaz T* wine, followed by UM* wines. The volatile profile was also affected, and LDA demonstrates a clear separation of wines with different acidity corrections. Results obtained indicate that unripe grape musts—a vital waste product containing several compounds with important biological activity—can be used to increase musts acidity without a negative impact on wine characteristics. Furthermore, this work also shows that the use of unripe must may be a valuable tool for reducing the alcoholic content of wines.
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4
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Wei M, Ma T, Cao M, Wei B, Li C, Li C, Zhang K, Fang Y, Sun X. Biomass estimation and characterization of the nutrient components of thinned unripe grapes in China and the global grape industries. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100363. [PMID: 35756461 PMCID: PMC9214794 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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5
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Hajiahmad A, Mirzabe AH. Utilization of the basket press method to extract verjuice. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hajiahmad
- Department of Mechanics of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology College of Agriculture & Natural Resources University of Tehran, Karaj Alborz Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mirzabe
- Department of Mechanics of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology College of Agriculture & Natural Resources University of Tehran, Karaj Alborz Iran
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Cruz-López SO, Álvarez-Cisneros YM, Domínguez-Soberanes J, Escalona-Buendía HB, Sánchez CN. Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Sausages Made with Grasshopper (Sphenarium purpurascens) Flour. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050704. [PMID: 35267337 PMCID: PMC8909260 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects are currently of interest due to their high nutritional value, in particular for the high concentration of quality protein. Moreover, it can also be used as an extender or binder in meat products. The objective was to evaluate grasshopper flour (GF) as a partial or total replacement for potato starch to increase the protein content of sausages and achieve good acceptability by consumers. GF has 48% moisture, 6.7% fat and 45% total protein. Sausages were analyzed by NIR and formulations with GF in all concentrations (10, 7, 5 and 3%) combined with starch (3, 5 and 7%) increased protein content. Results obtained for the sausages formulations with grasshoppers showed an increase in hardness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness through a Texture-Profile-Analysis. Moreover, a* and b* are similar to the control, but L* decreased. The check-all-that-apply test showed the attributes highlighted for sausages with GF possessed herbal flavor, brown color, and granular texture. The liking-product-landscape map showed that the incorporation of 7 and 10% of GF had an overall liking of 3.2 and 3.3, respectively, considered as “do not like much”. GF can be used as a binder in meat products up to 10% substitution. However, it is important to improve the overall liking of the sausage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador O. Cruz-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1a. Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09310, Mexico; (S.O.C.-L.); (H.B.E.-B.)
| | - Yenizey M. Álvarez-Cisneros
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1a. Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09310, Mexico; (S.O.C.-L.); (H.B.E.-B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Julieta Domínguez-Soberanes
- Escuela de Dirección de Negocios Alimentarios, Universidad Panamericana, Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer 101, Aguascalientes 20296, Mexico;
| | - Héctor B. Escalona-Buendía
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1a. Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09310, Mexico; (S.O.C.-L.); (H.B.E.-B.)
| | - Claudia N. Sánchez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Panamericana, Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer 101, Aguascalientes 20296, Mexico;
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Mirzabe AH, Hajiahmad A. Physico‐mechanical properties of unripe grape berries relevant in the design of juicing machine. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Mirzabe
- Department of Mechanics of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran Karaj Alborz Iran
| | - Ali Hajiahmad
- Department of Mechanics of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran Karaj Alborz Iran
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Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Mengyuan W, Moreno-Simunovic Y, Sun X, Fang Y. Potential opportunities of thinned clusters in viticulture: a mini review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:4435-4443. [PMID: 33611788 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crop thinning is a common practice performed in the vineyard consisting of whole clusters or individual fruits being removed after flowering is attained. Current studies have reported that unripe grape products as verjuice and sour grape sauce contain high content of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, sugars, organic acids, nitrogenous compounds and sterols. This mini-review overviewed the bioactive components obtained from thinned unripe grapes such as phenolic compounds, sugars, organic acids, minerals, nitrogen compounds and sterols, and their use as antibrowning and whitening agents, natural catalysts, food preservative and food additive. In addition, their beneficial effects for human health also were reviewed, as well as the practices to maximize the extraction of antioxidant compounds. Therefore, revalorizing the waste from this management practice in viticulture can increase the vineyard sustainability and farmers' economic profits. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- College of Enology, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wei Mengyuan
- College of Enology, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - XiangYu Sun
- College of Enology, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yulin Fang
- College of Enology, Viti-viniculture Engineering Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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9
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Comprehensive Utilization of Thinned Unripe Fruits from Horticultural Crops. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092043. [PMID: 34574153 PMCID: PMC8467360 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit thinning is a cultivation technique that is widely applied in horticulture in order to obtain high-quality horticultural crops. This practice results in the discarding of a large number of thinned unripe fruits in orchards each year, which produces a great waste of agricultural resources and causes soil pollution that may be an important reservoir for pest and plant diseases. Current studies showed that bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, organic acids, monosaccharides and starches are present in unripe fruits. Therefore, we reviewed the bioactive components obtained from thinned unripe fruits, their revalorization for the food industry, their beneficial effects for human health and the methods for obtaining these components. We also performed a calculation of the costs and benefits of obtaining these bioactive compounds, and we proposed future research directions. This review provides a reference for the effective utilization and industrial development of thinned unripe fruits obtained from horticultural crops. Furthermore, revalorizing the waste from this cultural practice may increase the economic benefits and relieve the environmental stress.
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10
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Fia G, Bucalossi G, Zanoni B. Characterisation of Extracts Obtained from Unripe Grapes and Evaluation of Their Potential Protective Effects against Oxidation of Wine Colour in Comparison with Different Oenological Products. Foods 2021; 10:1499. [PMID: 34203363 PMCID: PMC8305229 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Unripe grapes (UGs) are a waste product of vine cultivation rich in natural antioxidants. These antioxidants could be used in winemaking as alternatives to SO2. Three extracts were obtained by maceration from Viognier, Merlot and Sangiovese UGs. The composition and antioxidant activity of the UG extracts were studied in model solutions at different pH levels. The capacity of the UG extracts to protect wine colour was evaluated in accelerated oxidation tests and small-scale trials on both red and white wines during ageing in comparison with sulphur dioxide, ascorbic acid and commercial tannins. The Viognier and Merlot extracts were rich in phenolic acids while the Sangiovese extract was rich in flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of the extracts and commercial tannins was influenced by the pH. In the oxidation tests, the extracts and commercial products showed different wine colour protection capacities in function of the type of wine. During ageing, the white wine with the added Viognier UG extract showed the lowest level of colour oxidation. The colour of the red wine with the UG extract evolved similarly to wine with SO2 and commercial tannins. The obtained results indicated that natural and healthy UG extracts could be an interesting substitute for SO2 during wine ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Fia
- DAGRI—Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, Via Donizetti, 6-50144 Firenze, Italy; (G.B.); (B.Z.)
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11
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Caftaric Acid Isolation from Unripe Grape: A "Green" Alternative for Hydroxycinnamic Acids Recovery. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041148. [PMID: 33669973 PMCID: PMC7924824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids represent about one-third of the dietary phenols and are widespread in vegetable and fruits. Several plants belonging to both vegetables and medical herbs have been studied for their hydroxycinnamic acid content. Among them, Echinacea purpurea is preferentially used for caffeic acid-derivatives extraction. The wine industry is a source of by-products that are rich in phenolic compounds. This work demonstrates that unripe grape juice (verjuice) presents a simple high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) profile for hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs), with a great separation of the caffeic-derived acids and a low content of other phenolic compounds when compared to E. purpurea and other grape by-products. Here it is shown how this allows the recovery of pure hydroxycinnamic acids by a simple and fast method, fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). In addition, verjuice can be easily obtained by pressing grape berries and filtering, thus avoiding any extraction step as required for other vegetable sources. Overall, the proposed protocol could strongly reduce the engagement of solvent in industrial phenolic extraction.
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Bucalossi G, Fia G, Dinnella C, De Toffoli A, Canuti V, Zanoni B, Servili M, Pagliarini E, Gallina Toschi T, Monteleone E. Functional and sensory properties of phenolic compounds from unripe grapes in vegetable food prototypes. Food Chem 2020; 315:126291. [PMID: 32018082 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Unripe grapes (UGs) from thinning are an unexploited source of phenols useful as functional ingredient. However, phenols may negative affect sensory quality of food. Chemical and sensory properties of UG phenols in plant-based foods were not investigated before. With this aim, an extract from UGs, obtained by a green extraction technique, was used to fortify three plant-based food models: carbohydrates/acidic pH/sweet - beetroot purée, proteins/neutral pH/sweet - pea purée and starch/neutral pH - potato purée. Functional and sensory properties of phenol-enriched foods varied as a function of their composition and original taste. The amount of UG phenols recovered from potato purée was higher than that recovered from beetroot and pea purée, while the antioxidant activity detected in beetroot purée was higher than that in potato and pea purée. Significant variations of sourness, saltiness, bitterness and astringency were induced by UG phenols added to food models. Beetroot purée resulted more appropriate to counteract the negative sensations induced by UG phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Bucalossi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18 50144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Fia
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18 50144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Caterina Dinnella
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18 50144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Alessandra De Toffoli
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18 50144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Valentina Canuti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18 50144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Bruno Zanoni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18 50144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Servili
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ella Pagliarini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Tullia Gallina Toschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DiSTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Erminio Monteleone
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18 50144 Firenze, Italy.
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Silva R, Pereira J, Rouxinol M, Patarata L. Sensory Changes and Listeria monocytogenes Behavior in Sliced Cured Pork Loins during Extended Storage. Foods 2020; 9:E621. [PMID: 32408592 PMCID: PMC7278872 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cured pork loins are sausages with a production tradition in several regions worldwide. They are made from one of the noblest cuts of pork, and for this reason cured loins are one of the most expensive pork meat products. Establishing the correct shelf life allows products to be accepted by the consumer, and to avoid the costs associated with shorter shelf lives. The aim of this study is: (1) to establish proper shelf life by evaluating the willingness of participants to consume and the sensory modifications that occur during prolonged storage via Check All That Apply (CATA) questions; and (2) to study the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes through a microbial challenge test. Sliced cured pork loins can be stored at 6 ± 1 °C for 105 days while maintaining a consumer acceptance of more than 75%. The freshness loss was associated mainly with a decrease in aromatic notes (particularly the smoke and cured aroma), and with the appearance of spoiled characteristics, specifically a sour/vinegar aroma and acidic taste that were detected by a reduced proportion of participants. The freshness evaluation was positively influenced by the typical characteristics of cured products, such as color and a garlic and wine aroma. Sour/vinegar aroma and acidic taste were the attributes most associated with higher freshness penalization. During the period of the test, Listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto the cured loin slices did not grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Silva
- Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (ECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, 5000-081 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Jorge Pereira
- Campus da Penha, Estrada da Penha, Universidade do Algarve, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus da Penha, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Luis Patarata
- Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (ECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta dos Prados, 5000-081 Vila Real, Portugal;
- CECAV—Center of Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science, 5000-081 Vila Real, Portugal
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14
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Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Unripe Red Grapes (cv. Sangiovese) through a Green Extraction. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050566. [PMID: 32375293 PMCID: PMC7278622 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unripe grapes are a potential source of bioactive compounds which can exert antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. However, very little information is available about the composition of unripe grapes extracts and their extraction techniques. This study aims to evaluate the recovery of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of the extract from unripe Sangiovese grapes obtained at an industrial-scale and the composition of the extract during processing. The extraction yield was approximately 75%. During the extraction, the total phenol (TP), antioxidant activity (AA) total anthocyanin (TAnt), pantothenic acid and choline content significantly increased. High concentrations of TP (2522 mgCATeq/L), AA (8227 μmolTEAC/L) and total water-soluble vitamins (1397 μg/L) were reached at the end of process. The antioxidant activity of the extract was positively correlated with all the phenol compounds and the highest correlations were found with procyanidin B1 (r = 0.994; p-value < 0.004), procyanidin B2 (r = 0.989; p-value < 0.004), kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (r = 0.995; p-value < 0.004) and quercetin 3-O-hexoside (r = 0.995; p-value < 0.071). Our findings contribute to the knowledge of the bioactive composition of unripe grapes. An efficient industrial-scale "green" extraction method, ready to be transferred to the wine sector, was developed to obtain a safe extract with a high concentration of bioactive compounds.
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Honisch C, Osto A, Dupas de Matos A, Vincenzi S, Ruzza P. Isolation of a tyrosinase inhibitor from unripe grapes juice: A spectrophotometric study. Food Chem 2019; 305:125506. [PMID: 31606690 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Grapes are known to contain high quantity of polyphenolic compounds, including caffeic, coumaric and ferulic acids esterified with tartaric acid, to yield caftaric, coutaric and fertaric acids, respectively. These acids are more abundant in unripe grapes, which can be processed into verjuice, a product that shows intrinsic resistance against microbial growth and significant antioxidant activity. In the present work, the isolation of hydroxycinnamoyl tartaric acids from unripe grape juice by chromatographic techniques was described. Moreover, the capability of caftaric acid to inhibit tyrosinase activity was evaluated by spectrophotometric assays. According to the kinetics parameters calculated, caftaric acid was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase, more potent than the related caffeic and chlorogenic acids, suggesting that it can be used in cosmetic and food industries for the development of natural skin whitening formulations and as an agent able to counteract the enzymatic browning of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Honisch
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR, Padua Unit, 35131 Padova, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Osto
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR, Padua Unit, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Amanda Dupas de Matos
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Noi TechPark, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Simone Vincenzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Paolo Ruzza
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR, Padua Unit, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Sensory characterization of cucumbers pickled with verjuice as novel acidifying agent. Food Chem 2019; 286:78-86. [PMID: 30827669 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Verjuice is an acidic unfermented unripe grape juice that has recently been proposed as an alternative to vinegar in different food preparations. In this study, pickled cucumber preserves were industrially prepared using two dilutions of verjuice as acidifying agent and compared with the traditional vinegar-pickled samples. Samples were chemically characterized and subjected to sensory analyses using a trained panel and consumers. The different acidifying agents resulted in pickled cucumbers giving different olfactory and gustatory evaluations. No differences in appearance and texture were found. Despite showing chemical and sensory differences, pickles preserved with verjuice and vinegar had similar overall liking scores for visual, olfactory and gustatory aspects. A key feature of pickles prepared with verjuice is their lack of acetic acid potentially conferring them an additional value, suggesting that verjuice represents a viable alternative to vinegar for the production of pickles with distinctive sensorial properties.
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