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An ecological dynamics approach to motor learning in practice: Reframing the learning and performing relationship in high performance sport. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajsep.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2
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Lorke N, Keller S, Rein R, Zedler M, Drescher C, Weil P, Schwerhoff M, Braunstein B. Speed Rope Skipping - Performance and Coordination in a Four-Limb Task. J Mot Behav 2022; 54:599-612. [PMID: 35196961 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2022.2042178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated biomechanical characteristics of Speed Rope Skipping (RS) and estimated the contribution of the lower and upper limbs to overall performance. Lower (jumping), upper (turning), and whole-body (skipping) performance were examined in 23 rope skippers. All tests were recorded by 2 D video and nine skipping tests were performed in a 3 D motion capture system. Similar movement patterns were observed for the lower limbs in all participants, while handle trajectories differed in shape and symmetry according to performance. In general, turning unlike jumping performance was close to and significantly correlated with skipping performance. Therefore, it appears that lower extremity movement may be adapted to the limiting capacity of the upper extremity to maintain movement stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Lorke
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keller
- German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Rein
- Institute of Training and Computer Science in Sports, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marvin Zedler
- German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolin Drescher
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Weil
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Schwerhoff
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bjoern Braunstein
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.,German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.,Centre for Health and Integrative Physiology in Space, Cologne, Germany
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3
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McClymont J, Davids K, Crompton R. Variation, mosaicism and degeneracy in the hominin foot. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2021; 4:e2. [PMID: 37588898 PMCID: PMC10426032 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2021.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The fossil record is scarce and incomplete by nature. Animals and ecological processes devour soft tissue and important bony details over time and, when the dust settles, we are faced with a patchy record full of variation. Fossil taxa are usually defined by craniodental characteristics, so unless postcranial bones are found associated with a skull, assignment to taxon is unstable. Naming a locomotor category based on fossil bone morphology by analogy to living hominoids is not uncommon, and when no single locomotor label fits, postcrania are often described as exhibiting a 'mosaic' of traits. Here, we contend that the unavoidable variation that characterises the fossil record can be described far more rigorously based on extensive work in human neurobiology and neuroanatomy, movement sciences and motor control and biomechanics research. In neurobiology, degeneracy is a natural mechanism of adaptation allowing system elements that are structurally different to perform the same function. This concept differs from redundancy as understood in engineering, where the same function is performed by identical elements. Assuming degeneracy, structurally different elements are able to produce different outputs in a range of environmental contexts, favouring ecological robusticity by enabling adaptations. Furthermore, as degeneracy extends to genome level, genetic variation is sustained, so that genes which might benefit an organism in a different environment remain part of the genome, favouring species' evolvability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Davids
- Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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4
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Seifert L, Conceição A, Gonjo T, Stastny J, Olstad BH. Arm - Leg coordination profiling during the dolphin kick and the arm pull-out in elite breaststrokers. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2665-2673. [PMID: 34878366 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1950446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In breaststroke races, the dolphin kick could finish before, at the same time, or during the arm pull-out, but it is unclear how swimmers perform this technique. The aim of this study was to investigate whether swimmers glide between the dolphin kick and arm pull-out, favour continuity or even overlap those two phases, as it would impact the active underwater sequence. Fourteen international and national male swimmers performed 100-m breaststroke with all-out effort in a pre-calibrated 25 m swimming pool. A multi-camera system tracked the head of the swimmers. Key points of the active underwater sequence were obtained from notational analysis. A hierarchical cluster analysis identified three coordination profiles. All swimmers started their dolphin kick before the arm pull-out. However, one swimmer started the arm pull-out before the end of the dolphin kick, seven swimmers started the arm pull-out after the end of the dolphin kick, and four swimmers synchronised the beginning of the arm pull-out and the end of the dolphin kick, while two other swimmers mixed two coordination profiles among the start and the three turns. Those different profiles allow achieving similar performance outcome, suggesting individual training regarding the underwater phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Seifert
- CETAPS EA3832, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandie, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Ana Conceição
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Rio Maior, Portugal, Research Centre of Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, STRONG Research Community, Portugal
| | - Tomohiro Gonjo
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Stastny
- Centre of Sports Activities, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bjorn Harald Olstad
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Neurobiological tensegrity: The basis for understanding inter-individual variations in task performance? Hum Mov Sci 2021; 79:102862. [PMID: 34416490 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2021.102862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bernstein's (1996) levels of movement organization includes tonus, the muscular-contraction level that primes individual movement systems for (re)organizing coordination patterns. The hypothesis advanced is that the tonus architecture is a multi-fractal tensegrity system, deeply reliant on haptic perception for regulating movement of an individual actor in a specific environment. Further arguments have been proposed that the tensegrity-haptic system is implied in all neurobiological perception and -action. In this position statement we consider whether the musculoskeletal system can be conceptualized as a neurobiological tensegrity system, supporting each individual in co-adapting to many varied contexts of dynamic performance. Evidence for this position, revealed in investigations of judgments of object properties, perceived during manual hefting, is based on each participant's tensegrity. The implication is that the background organizational state of every individual is unique, given that no neurobiological architecture (musculo-skeletal components) is identical. The unique tensegrity of every organism is intimately related to individual differences, channeling individualized adaptations to constraints (task, environment, organismic), which change over different timescales. This neurobiological property assists transitions from one stable state of coordination to another which is needed in skill adaptation during performance. We conclude by discussing how tensegrity changes over time according to skill acquisition and learning.
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Horst F, Janssen D, Beckmann H, Schöllhorn WI. Can Individual Movement Characteristics Across Different Throwing Disciplines Be Identified in High-Performance Decathletes? Front Psychol 2020; 11:2262. [PMID: 33041901 PMCID: PMC7530176 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the individuality of whole-body movements has been suspected for years, the scientific proof and systematic investigation that individuals possess unique movement patterns did not manifest until the introduction of the criteria of uniqueness and persistence from the field of forensic science. Applying the criteria of uniqueness and persistence to the individuality of motor learning processes requires complex strategies due to the problem of persistence in the learning processes. One approach is to examine the learning process of different movements. For this purpose, it is necessary to differentiate between two components of movement patterns: the individual-specific component and the discipline-specific component. To this end, a kinematic analysis of the shot put, discus, and javelin throwing movements of seven high-performance decathletes during a qualification competition was conducted. In total, joint angle waveforms of 57 throws formed the basis for the recognition task of individual- and discipline-specific throwing patterns using a support vector machine. The results reveal that the kinematic throwing patterns of the three disciplines could be distinguished across athletes with a prediction accuracy of up to 100% (57 of 57 throws). In addition, athlete-specific throwing characteristics could also be identified across the three disciplines. Prediction accuracies of up to 52.6% indicated that up to 10 out of 19 throws of a discipline could be assigned to the correct athletes, based on only knowing these athletes from the kinematic throwing patterns in the other two disciplines. The results further suggest that individual throwing characteristics across disciplines are more pronounced in shot put and discus throwing than in javelin throwing. Applications for training and learning practice in sports and therapy are discussed. In summary, the chosen approach offers a broad field of application related to the search of individualized optimal movement solutions in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Horst
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Hendrik Beckmann
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang I Schöllhorn
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Coves A, Caballero C, Moreno F. Relationship between kinematic variability and performance in basketball free-throw. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2020.1820172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Coves
- Sport Sciences Department, Sport Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - C. Caballero
- Sport Sciences Department, Sport Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - F.J. Moreno
- Sport Sciences Department, Sport Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Orth D, McDonic L, Ashbrook C, van der Kamp J. Efficient search under constraints and not working memory resources supports creative action emergence in a convergent motor task. Hum Mov Sci 2019; 67:102505. [PMID: 31349179 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Creative (original and functional) solutions to problems can be facilitated by guiding search behavior. According to cognitive models, when solving convergent tasks (tasks with few solutions), high available working memory (WM) resources and capacity can guide creative solution emergence via repeated (persistent) search within a solution subcategory. However, no clear associations have been found of WM capacity on creative outcomes when tasks require the individual to enact solutions in divergent doing tasks. This study further tested constraints on WM resources on search behavior and creative outcomes in a convergent doing task. Novices to combat sports were asked to repeatedly strike a target with the intent to achieve an individualized target force. In order to manipulate available WM resources, every ten strikes, participants were asked to recall and then retain a sequence of 5 digits (high load group: n = 21) or 2 digits (low load group: n = 21). The task constraints favored the functionality (or appropriateness) of a qualitatively distinct, non-obvious solution. Functionality was assessed using the force registered for each strike. Originality was assessed in terms of how infrequently actions occurred. Finally, search behavior was quantified based on changes in which limb was used and changes in which part of the limb was used from one strike to the next. There were no significant effects of WM load on creativity outcomes, solution search, or task success. Rather, task success was related to efficient search and creativity. Future research should focus on constraints (other than WM resources) that promote efficient search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Orth
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Brain and Behavior, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Luke McDonic
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Ashbrook
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John van der Kamp
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Brain and Behavior, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Research Centre for Exercise, School and Sport, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, the Netherlands
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Shafizadeh M, Bonner S, Fraser J, Barnes A. Effect of environmental constraints on multi-segment coordination patterns during the tennis service in expert performers. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:1011-1020. [PMID: 30380360 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1538691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to examine the effect of different environmental constraints on kinematic multi-segment coordination patterns during the service and its coordination with service time variability. Ten expert tennis players (Age: 34.1 ± 5.3) volunteered to take part in this study. Participants served 30 times in 3 different conditions: control, target and opposition. The order of conditions was counterbalanced between participants. A wireless 3D motion capture system (STT Co, Spain) was used to measure 7 joint motions, with a 17 degrees of freedom biomechanical model created to capture the entire service action. Results of the principal component analysis showed that 4 synergies were created; however, their roles were changed relative to the perception of the environment. The results of repeated-measures analysis of variance did not show any significant difference on total variance and individual principal components between conditions; however, one synergy pattern significantly predicted the service time variability in both control and opposition conditions. In conclusion, the findings demonstrated that expert performers reduce the joint dimensionality by creating functional synergies in different phases of service and adapt the service action according to the perception of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Shafizadeh
- a Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing , Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield , UK
| | - Stuart Bonner
- a Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing , Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield , UK
| | - Jonathan Fraser
- a Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing , Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield , UK
| | - Andrew Barnes
- a Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing , Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield , UK
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10
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Serrien B, Verhaeghe N, Verhaeghe S, Tassignon B, Baeyens JP. Evaluation of coordination hysteresis in a multidimensional movement task with continuous relative phase and Self-Organizing Maps. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 60:162-174. [PMID: 29913411 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Hysteresis in the coordination of movement can be described in the language of coordination dynamics as an asymmetrical response of a system's order parameter with respect to opposite changes in a control parameter. For movement tasks involving a large number of active degrees-of-freedom, the order parameter can be modelled with a pattern recognition approach like Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). This study explored this method in a rope-skipping task, which involves the coordinated oscillation of several segments in the lower and upper limb and trunk and we compared the results to a classical order parameter like continuous relative phase. Five rope skippers completed a task which involved 30 s continuous forward rope-skipping during which the frequency (set by a metronome) increased linearly, immediately followed by 30 s during which the frequency decreased linearly. CRP was analyzed with statistical parametric mapping and a hysteresis measure for the SOM was calculated based on inter-trial variability. Both the CRP and the SOMs showed that the coordination patterns changed differently during the two conditions, signifying hysteresis. While the CRP captures only the relative coordination of two segments, the SOM is able to accommodate the whole-body multidimensional coordination. Hysteresis is often used as proxy for higher-order information about the movement system. While the low sample size in this study does not allow us to generalize the results, the present methodology can be used in further studies to advance our theoretical understanding of dynamical systems in complex whole-body movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Serrien
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Naaike Verhaeghe
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Silke Verhaeghe
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Bruno Tassignon
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Baeyens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium; Universiteit Antwerpen, Faculty of Applied Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium; Thim Van Der Laan University College Physiotherapy, Weststrasse 8, 7302 Landquart, Switzerland
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Ramos A, Coutinho P, Silva P, Davids K, Guimarães E, Mesquita I. Entropy measures reveal collective tactical behaviours in volleyball teams: how variability and regularity in game actions influence competitive rankings and match status. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2017.1405611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ramos
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Silva
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Shanghai SIPG, Shanghai, China
| | - Keith Davids
- Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Isabel Mesquita
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Orth D, van der Kamp J, Memmert D, Savelsbergh GJP. Creative Motor Actions As Emerging from Movement Variability. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1903. [PMID: 29163284 PMCID: PMC5671646 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In cognitive science, creative ideas are defined as original and feasible solutions in response to problems. A common proposal is that creative ideas are generated across dedicated cognitive pathways. Only after creative ideas have emerged, they can be enacted to solve the problem. We present an alternative viewpoint, based upon the dynamic systems approach to perception and action, that creative solutions emerge in the act rather than before. Creative actions, thus, are as much a product of individual constraints as they are of the task and environment constraints. Accordingly, we understand creative motor actions as functional movement patterns that are new to the individual and/or group and adapted to satisfy the constraints on the motor problem at hand. We argue that creative motor actions are promoted by practice interventions that promote exploration by manipulating constraints. Exploration enhances variability of functional movement patterns in terms of either coordination or control solutions. At both levels, creative motor actions can emerge from finding new and degenerate adaptive motor solutions. Generally speaking, we anticipate that in most cases, when exposed to variation in constraints, people are not looking for creative motor actions, but discover them while doing an effort to satisfy constraints. For future research, this paper achieves two important aspects: it delineates how adaptive (movement) variability is at the heart of (motor) creativity, and it sets out methodologies toward stimulating adaptive variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Orth
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Brain and Behavior, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - John van der Kamp
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Brain and Behavior, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Memmert
- Institute of Training and Computer Science in Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Geert J P Savelsbergh
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Brain and Behavior, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Seifert L, Araújo D, Komar J, Davids K. Understanding constraints on sport performance from the complexity sciences paradigm: An ecological dynamics framework. Hum Mov Sci 2017; 56:178-180. [PMID: 28499742 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glazier's suggestion for the constraints-led approach as a GUT for sport performance is a worthy proposal. What is missing from these preliminary insights is a principled basis, in the form of pillars, for understanding the cornerstones of the sports medicine profession, and this lack of an overarching theoretical framework is also somewhat of a limitation in Glazier's initial ideas, as we argue later. Here we suggest that his preliminary proposal would benefit from considering a more comprehensive ontological positioning within the complexity sciences paradigm to benefit from conceptualising athletes and sports teams as complex adaptive systems. We argue that ecological dynamics provides a more encompassing rationale than the constraint-led approach because it is a multi-dimensional theoretical framework shaped by many relevant disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Seifert
- CETAPS - EA 3832, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandy, France.
| | - Duarte Araújo
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, SpertLab, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
| | - John Komar
- CETAPS - EA 3832, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen Normandy, France
| | - Keith Davids
- Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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14
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Seifert L, Komar J, Araújo D, Davids K. Neurobiological degeneracy: A key property for functional adaptations of perception and action to constraints. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 69:159-65. [PMID: 27506266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Keeping an Eye on Noisy Movements: On Different Approaches to Perceptual-Motor Skill Research and Training. Sports Med 2016; 47:575-581. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Seifert L, Dovgalecs V, Boulanger J, Orth D, Hérault R, Davids K. Full-body movement pattern recognition in climbing*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19346182.2014.968250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Neurobiological degeneracy: supporting stability, flexibility and pluripotentiality in complex motor skill. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2015; 154:26-35. [PMID: 25461440 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigated neurobiological degeneracy of the motor system that emerged as a function of levels of environmental constraint. Fourteen participants performed a breaststroke-swimming task that required them to develop a specific biomechanically expert pattern and in turn provide the basis for a suitable task vehicle to study the functional role of movement variability. Inter-limb coordination was defined based on the computation of continuous relative phase between elbow and knee oscillators. Unsupervised cluster analysis on arm-leg coordination revealed the existence of different patterns of coordination when participants achieved the same task goal under different levels of environmental constraints (i.e. different amounts of forward resistances). In addition, clusters differed in terms of higher order derivatives (e.g., joint angular velocity, joint amplitude), suggesting an effective role for degeneracy in learning by allowing the exploration of the key relationships between motor organization and interacting constraints. There is evidence to suggest that neurobiological degeneracy supports the potential for motor re-organization to enhance motor learning.
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18
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Rein R, Nonaka T, Bril B. Movement pattern variability in stone knapping: implications for the development of percussive traditions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113567. [PMID: 25426630 PMCID: PMC4245206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The earliest direct evidence for tool-use by our ancestors are 2.6 million year old stone tools from Africa. These earliest artifacts show that, already, early hominins had developed the required advanced movement skills and cognitive capacities to manufacture stone tools. Currently, it is not well understood, however, which specific movement skills are required for successful stone knapping and accordingly it is unknown how these skills emerged during early hominin evolution. In particular, it is not clear which striking movements are indicative of skilled performance, how striking movement patterns vary with task and environmental constraints, and how movement patterns are passed on within social groups. The present study addresses these questions by investigating striking movement patterns and striking variability in 18 modern stone knappers (nine experienced and nine novices). The results suggest that no single movement pattern characterizes successful stone knapping. Participants showed large inter-individual movement variability of the elementary knapping action irrespective of knapping experience and knapping performance. Changes in task- and environmental constraints led knappers to adapt their elementary striking actions using a combination of individual and common strategies. Investigation of striking pattern similarities within social groups showed only partial overlap of striking patterns across related individuals. The results therefore suggest that striking movement patterns in modern stone knappers are largely specific to the individual and movement variability is not indicative of knapping performance. The implications of these results for the development of percussive traditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rein
- Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Tetsushi Nonaka
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Blandine Bril
- Groupe de Recherche Apprentissage et Contexte, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris, France
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Lee MCY, Chow JY, Komar J, Tan CWK, Button C. Nonlinear pedagogy: an effective approach to cater for individual differences in learning a sports skill. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104744. [PMID: 25140822 PMCID: PMC4139301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning a sports skill is a complex process in which practitioners are challenged to cater for individual differences. The main purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a Nonlinear Pedagogy approach for learning a sports skill. Twenty-four 10-year-old females participated in a 4-week intervention involving either a Nonlinear Pedagogy (i.e.,manipulation of task constraints including equipment and rules) or a Linear Pedagogy (i.e., prescriptive, repetitive drills) approach to learn a tennis forehand stroke. Performance accuracy scores, movement criterion scores and kinematic data were measured during pre-intervention, post-intervention and retention tests. While both groups showed improvements in performance accuracy scores over time, the Nonlinear Pedagogy group displayed a greater number of movement clusters at post-test indicating the presence of degeneracy (i.e., many ways to achieve the same outcome). The results suggest that degeneracy is effective for learning a sports skill facilitated by a Nonlinear Pedagogy approach. These findings challenge the common misconception that there must be only one ideal movement solution for a task and thus have implications for coaches and educators when designing instructions for skill acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Chang Yi Lee
- Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Jia Yi Chow
- Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Komar
- CETAPS, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Clara Wee Keat Tan
- Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chris Button
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Seifert L, Komar J, Barbosa T, Toussaint H, Millet G, Davids K. Coordination Pattern Variability Provides Functional Adaptations to Constraints in Swimming Performance. Sports Med 2014; 44:1333-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bideault G, Herault R, Seifert L. Data modelling reveals inter-individual variability of front crawl swimming. J Sci Med Sport 2013; 16:281-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nonaka T. Motor Variability but Functional Specificity: The Case of a C4 Tetraplegic Mouth Calligrapher. ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10407413.2013.780492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Seifert
- Centre d'Etude des Transformations des Activités Physiques et Sportives (CETAPS)-EA 3832, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen, Bld Siegfried, 76821 Mount Saint Aignan Cedex, Mont Saint Aignan, France.
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Attunement to haptic information helps skilled performers select implements for striking a ball in cricket. Atten Percept Psychophys 2012; 74:1782-91. [DOI: 10.3758/s13414-012-0368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Lamb PF. Understanding the relationship among launch variables in the golf drive using neural network visualisations. Sports Biomech 2012; 11:249-61. [PMID: 22900405 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2011.638389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and characterise individual differences in launch conditions measured from the same hole during four rounds of a professional golf tournament. Launch data from the 18th tee at the 2009 Dubai World Championship were used for the analysis. Self-organising maps (SOMs) were chosen to visualise the potentially non-linear relationship among the launch variables. Several distinctly different types of drives were identified on the output map. Drives which carried the furthest were not necessarily associated with the highest rates of ball speed. As indicated by carry distance, the longest drives had backspin rates of roughly 2700 rpm, a launch angle of 11 degrees, a straight or slightly left-to-right curving ball flight (for right-handers), and reached an apex of about 36 m. These values are specific to the 18th hole at the Dubai World Championship and differ from the general launch recommendations found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Lamb
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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26
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Pinder RA, Davids K, Renshaw I. Metastability and emergent performance of dynamic interceptive actions. J Sci Med Sport 2012; 15:437-43. [PMID: 22326853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adaptive patterning of human movement is context specific and dependent on interacting constraints of the performer-environment relationship. Flexibility of skilled behaviour is predicated on the capacity of performers to move between different states of movement organisation to satisfy dynamic task constraints, previously demonstrated in studies of visual perception, bimanual coordination, and an interceptive combat task. Metastability is a movement system property that helps performers to remain in a state of relative coordination with their performance environments, poised between multiple co-existing states (stable and distinct movement patterns or responses). The aim of this study was to examine whether metastability could be exploited in externally paced interceptive actions in fast ball sports, such as cricket. DESIGN Here we report data on metastability in performance of multi-articular hitting actions by skilled junior cricket batters (n=5). METHODS Participants' batting actions (key movement timings and performance outcomes) were analysed in four distinct performance regions varied by ball pitching (bounce) location. RESULTS Results demonstrated that, at a pre-determined distance to the ball, participants were forced into a meta-stable region of performance where rich and varied patterns of functional movement behaviours emerged. Participants adapted the organisation of responses, resulting in higher levels of variability in movement timing in this performance region, without detrimental effects on the quality of interceptive performance outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide evidence for the emergence of metastability in a dynamic interceptive action in cricket batting. Flexibility and diversity of movement responses were optimised using experiential knowledge and careful manipulation of key task constraints of the specific sport context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A Pinder
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
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Artificial neural networks for analyzing inter-limb coordination: The golf chip shot. Hum Mov Sci 2011; 30:1129-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Brétigny P, Leroy D, Button C, Chollet D, Seifert L. Coordination profiles of the expert field hockey drive according to field roles. Sports Biomech 2011; 10:339-50. [DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2011.629675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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