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Cao M, Wu J, Peng Y, Dong B, Jiang Y, Hu C, Yu L, Chen Z. Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, a traditional Chinese Medicine: Comprehensive review of botany, traditional uses, chemical composition, pharmacology, and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115789. [PMID: 36208822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF) is one of the usual Chinese herbs that has long been used with high therapeutic and condition value. LLF is used for the treatment of dizziness and tinnitus, soreness and weakness of the waist and knees, premature greying of the hair, the darkness of the eyes, internal heat and thirst, bone steam and hot flashes and other symptoms. AIM OF THE STUDY This review reviews botany, traditional uses, processing, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics to better understand its therapeutic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature on LLF was obtained from Google Scholar and Baidu Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WAN FANG DATA and libraries. Some local books, official websites, PhD or MS's dissertations were also included. Phytochemical constituents' structures were drawn by ChemDraw software. RESULTS So far, Multiple chemical components were isolated and identified from LLF, mainly including terpenoids and flavonoids. Modern studies have shown that LLF extracts and compounds have a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antitumor, liver protection, blood glucose, lipid-lowering, immune regulation, and other aspects. CONCLUSIONS LLF occupies an important position in the traditional medical system. It is cost-effective and is a significant plant with therapeutic applications in modern medicine. However, further in-depth studies are needed to determine the medical use of this plant and its chemical composition, pharmacological activity, quality control, toxicity and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Baohua Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxiu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Changjiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Chen B, Wei J, Zhu R, Zhang H, Xia B, Liu Y, Dai X, Ye Z, Tian Y, Li R, Zhao D, Mo F, Orekhov AN, Gao S, Brὃmme D, Wang L, Zhang D. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi aqueous extract promotes calcium balance and short-chain fatty acids production in ovariectomized rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114348. [PMID: 34153448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) is an edible herb with anti-osteoporotic activity, yet whether and how the aqueous extract of this herb affect calcium metabolism in preservation of bone quality remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects of FLL aqueous extract on calcium balance and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS OVX rats were daily and orally administrated with FLL aqueous extract (3.5 g/kg) for 14 weeks. The levels of N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx-I) in rat serum were evaluated by ELISA assays. The concentration of calcium in serum, urine, and feces were determined by biochemical assays. Bone quality was determined by Micro-CT, a three-point bending assay, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometry. The expressions of Calbindin D28K and Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in kidney as well as the Vitamin D receptor (VDR), the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 6 (TRPV6), Calbindin D9k in the duodenum were measured by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, or real-time PCR. The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels in the feces of the cecum were tested by gas chromatograghy. RESULTS The administration of FLL to OVX rats resulted in a significant improvement in bone mineral density and biomechanical strength as well as in maintaining bone microstructures and material quality. Meanwhile, the decreased levels of PINP and increased levels of CTx-I in OVX rats were restored by FLL treatment. Additionally, FLL treatment increased calcium absorption, upregulated VDR, TRPV6, Calbindin D9k expressions in the duodenum, Calbindin D28K in kidney, and down-regulated CaSR expression in the kidney, as well as enhanced SCFAs levels in the feces of OVX rats. CONCLUSIONS FLL aqueous extract may preserve bone quality through regulation of the calcium balance and intestinal SCFAs production in OVX rats. This offers translational value of FLL into osteoporosis clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Chen
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Junping Wei
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy Sciences of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Bingke Xia
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yage Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xuan Dai
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zimengwei Ye
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yimiao Tian
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Fangfang Mo
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia.
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Dieter Brὃmme
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Cui Y, Lu H, Tian Z, Deng D, Ma X. Current trends of Chinese herbal medicines on meat quality of pigs. A review. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/138775/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Li H, Wu R, Yu H, Zheng Q, Chen Y. Bioactive Herbal Extracts of Traditional Chinese Medicine Applied with the Biomaterials: For the Current Applications and Advances in the Musculoskeletal System. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:778041. [PMID: 34776987 PMCID: PMC8581265 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.778041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has demonstrated superior therapeutic effect for musculoskeletal diseases for thousands of years. Recently, the herbal extracts of TCM have received rapid advances in musculoskeletal tissue engineering (MTE). A literature review collecting both English and Chinese references on bioactive herbal extracts of TCM in biomaterial-based approaches was performed. This review provides an up-to-date overview of application of TCMs in the field of MTE, involving regulation of multiple signaling pathways in osteogenesis, angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, and chondrogenesis. Meanwhile, we highlight the potential advantages of TCM, opening the possibility of its extensive application in MTE. Overall, the superiority of traditional Chinese medicine turns it into an attractive candidate for coupling with advanced additive manufacturing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Rongjie Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiujian Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiujian Zheng, ; Yuanfeng Chen,
| | - Yuanfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Research Department of Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiujian Zheng, ; Yuanfeng Chen,
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Zheng H, Feng H, Zhang W, Han Y, Zhao W. Targeting autophagy by natural product Ursolic acid for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 409:115271. [PMID: 33065153 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the growth of the aging population, osteoporosis is becoming a global health problem. Ursolic acid (UA) is an active ingredient existed in a variety of foods and nature plants and owns plenty of pharmacological effects especially in treating metabolic disease. Our predication from network pharmacology hinted that UA has potential for ameliorating osteoporosis. Firstly through in vivo experiment, we confirmed that UA administration obviously protected against ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis in rats by improving microarchitectural deterioration of trabecular bone (P < 0.001), decreasing numbers of TRAP positive osteoclast in vertebra (P < 0.001), as well as decreasing serum osteoclast-specific cytokines release (P < 0.001). Besides, UA ameliorated kidney damage secondary to OVX-induced osteoporosis by ameliorating glomerular atrophy, decreasing BUN and creatinine levels in OVX rats. In vitro, UA noticeably decreased osteoclastic-special marker proteins c-Fos and NFATc1 expressions (P < 0.001) in response to RANKL stimulation in macrophagy. Importantly, autophagy pathway was activated in the process of osteoclast differentiation and blocked by UA pretreatment. Furthermore, autophagy inhibitors suppressed osteoclast differentiation (P < 0.001). Collectively, UA may ameliorate osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclast differentiation mediated by autophagy. Our research provides scientific support for UA treating osteoporosis and offers an optimal dose for daily intake of UA safely to prevent bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Zheng
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Haitao Feng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wenzhong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yantao Han
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China.
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An integrated approach to reveal the chemical changes of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus during wine steaming processing. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 193:113667. [PMID: 33181428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF) is a traditional Chinese medicine to treat osteopathic and hepatic diseases. Wine steaming is the major processing method for LLF in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, but the chemical changes involved are still unclear. In this study, a research strategy was proposed to reveal the chemical changes during wine steaming processing of LLF. Firstly, in total 104 compounds were tentatively identified using UHPLC/Orbitrap-MS. Secondly, potential chemical changes were revealed by comparing the peak areas of the 104 compounds between LLF and the corresponding wine-steamed LLF (WLLF). The results indicated that iridoid and phenylethanoid esters were readily hydrolyzed during wine steaming processing, while organic acids, flavonoids, and triterpenes were stable. Finally, 7 selected compounds were simultaneously determined in 21 batches of LLF/WLLF samples using a 10-min UPLC/UV method. The contents of 4 esters decreased from 3.64% to 2.71%, and the contents of 3 potential hydrolysis products increased from 0.27% to 0.88% after processing. Our study indicated that hydrolysis of iridoid and phenylethanoid esters such as specneuzhenide was responsible for the chemical changes during the wine processing of LLF. The proposed strategy could be employed to investigate the chemical changes of other herbs during processing.
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Zhao X, Liu J. Chemical Constituents From the Fruits ofLigustrum lucidum W.T.Aitonand Their Role on the Medicinal Treatment. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20922338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits of Ligustrum lucidum W.T.Aiton ( FLL) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, which has the functions of protecting liver, anticancer, antiosteoporosis, and antioxidant, etc. Various chemical constituents including triterpenes, secoiridoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, and flavonoids have been isolated and identified from FLL. In this article, the advances in research on the chemical constituents and their pharmacological effects were summarized by reviewing the recent literatures. In addition, the relationship between the chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of FLL was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Feng K, Li M, Han L, Wang W, Si D, Chen X, Yang W, Gao X, Liu E. Identification of prototypes from Ligustri Lucidi Fructus in rat plasma based on a data‐dependent acquisition and multicomponent pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4833. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Keyu Feng
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Mengrong Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Lifeng Han
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Weiqiang Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Dandan Si
- SCIEX China Chaoyang District Beijing P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
| | - Erwei Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China
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Li Y, Nie J, Jiang P. Oleanolic acid mitigates interleukin-1β-induced chondrocyte dysfunction by regulating miR-148-3p-modulated FGF2 expression. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3169. [PMID: 32028542 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNA (miR)-mediated post-transcriptional repression has been reported in the process of chondrocyte dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying in oleanolic acid (OLA)-prevented interleukin (IL)-1β-induced chondrocyte dysfunction via the miR-148-3p/fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) signaling pathway. METHODS Candidate miRs were filtrated using miR microarray assays in chondrocytes with or without IL-1β stimulation. Gene expression of candidate miRs and protein expression of FGF2 were analyzed using a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. Cell growth was evaluated using cell counting kit-8 assays. Cell apoptosis was detected using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate double staining. RESULTS Treatment with OLA counteracted IL-1β-evoked chondrocyte growth inhibition, apoptosis, caspase3 production, and release of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Additionally, FGF2 protein expression levels elevated by IL-1β were down-regulated by OLA and transfection with miR-148-3p mimics. IL-1β-induced down-regulation of miR-148-3p in chondrocytes was evaluated by OLA administration. Bioinformatics algorithms and experimental measurements indicated that FGF2 might be a direct target of miR-148-3p. miR-148-3p mimics exhibited equal authenticity of OLA to protect against IL-1β-induced chondrocyte dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Our present findings highlight a protective effect of OLA on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte dysfunction, and a novel signal cascade comprising the miR-148-3p/FGF2 signaling pathway might be a potential therapeutic target of OLA with respect to preventing the progression of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuang Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Junlan Nie
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuang Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuang Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
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Ma Y, Zeng R, Hu QQ, Yan HX, Yang LX, Dong Y, Qu Y. Preventive effects of Polygonum orientale L. on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. Climacteric 2020; 23:279-287. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2020.1717462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - R. Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q.-Q. Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - H.-X. Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - L.-X. Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y. Dong
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Y. Qu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- National Center for Miao Medicine Engineering and Technology, Guizhou Yibai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guizhou, China
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Yao CA, Lin CH. Treatment with the herbal formulation Eefooton slows the progression of chronic kidney disease: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17573. [PMID: 31651859 PMCID: PMC6824663 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) receiving maintenance dialysis experience an overall burden of physical and emotional symptoms. However, there were limited alternative treatments to dialysis. PATIENT CONCERNS A 79-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease stage 5 (CKD5) and gout had refused to be on dialysis. She also had hypoglycemia, hypertension, and heart disease. DIAGNOSES The patient had received the ultrasonography, the renal biopsy and biochemical examinations, confirming the diagnosis of renal impairment, primary hypertension, and chronic nephritic syndrome with unspecified morphologic changes. INTERVENTIONS She was administered with 20 mL Eefooton (a liquid formula of herbal extracts: Astragalus membranaceus 3 g, Codonopsis pilosula 3 g, Ligustrum lucidum 3 g, Panax quinquefolius 1.3 g, and Rhodiola sacra 1.3 g) orally twice a day for 6 months in addition to her regular medications. OUTCOMES The patient was followed up for 3 months after the completion of the Eefooton adjuvant treatment. The patient's renal function was improved, and CKD progression was alleviated. After Eefooton treatment, the sizes of both kidneys in the patient increased by 8% while blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine concentrations were decreased. In addition, further reduction in BUN concentration was observed 2 months posttreatment. LESSONS This case demonstrated that Eefooton has potential therapeutic significance in patients with CKD5 who chose conservative treatment over dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-An Yao
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City
| | - Chih-Hui Lin
- Gerent Biotech R&D Center No. 20, Jen Yi St., Taichung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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Li XL, Wang L, Bi XL, Chen BB, Zhang Y. Gushukang exerts osteopreserve effects by regulating vitamin D and calcium metabolism in ovariectomized mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:224-234. [PMID: 29721809 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-018-0924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcium homeostasis plays vital roles in the management of bone health. Traditional herbal formula Gushukang (GSK) was clinically applied to treat primary osteoporosis. This study aimed to explore the osteoprotective effects of GSK and its roles in maintaining calcium homeostasis in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The OVX mice were orally treated with low (0.38 g/kg), middle (0.76 g/kg) and high (1.52 g/kg) dose of GSK for 8 weeks. GSK treatment dramatically increased serum calcium level and decreased urinary calcium excretion as well as enhanced calcium content in bone of OVX mice. Serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was significantly increased in OVX mice with exposure to GSK. Treatment with GSK improved bone mass and micro-structure of trabecular bone at distal metaphysis of femur and proximal metaphysis of tibia in OVX mice shown by safranin O staining and micro-CT measurement. GSK treatment at all doses up-regulated mRNA expression of calcium-binding protein-28k and vitamin D receptor in kidney of OVX mice, and dose-dependently decreased mRNA expression of claudin-14 and elevated mRNA expression of claudin-16 in duodenum of OVX mice. Taken together, GSK exerted beneficial effects on trabecular bone of OVX mice by improving calcium homeostasis via regulating paracellular calcium absorption in duodenum and transcellular calcium reabsorption in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lei Bi
- Liaoning Konruns Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dandong, 118301, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Bing Chen
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Room 908, Building #12, South Wanping Road 725, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Combined Extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi Rebalance Bone Remodeling in Ovariectomized Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:1596951. [PMID: 30894875 PMCID: PMC6393883 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1596951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the osteoprotective effect and the possible molecular mechanisms of the combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Forty-eight female SD rats were sham-operated (Sham, n = 8) or ovariectomized (OVX, n = 40). Then after a week, OVX rats were divided randomly into five groups (n = 8 in each group): OVX, extracts of Herba Epimedii (HE, 0.35 g/kg), extracts of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL, 0.35 g/kg), combined extracts of HE and FLL (HE & FLL, 0.20 g/kg HE plus 0.15 g/kg FLL), and Raloxifene hydrochloride (RH, 6.25 mg/kg) groups. All groups were administered once daily for 12 weeks. Indicators related to bone remodeling were detected, including estradiol (E2), bone mineral density (BMD), maximal load, ultimate deflection, micro-CT properties, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in serum and bone, and the protein and mRNA expression of bone turnover markers (RANKL, M-CSF, Wnt5a, Atp6v0d2, OPG, IGF-1, TGF-β1, and Bmp-2). Results showed that the combined extracts could increase serum E2 levels and BMD, enhance bone strength, reserve bone microstructure degeneration, promote bone formation, and inhibit bone resorption through upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of OPG, IGF-1, TGF-β1, and Bmp-2, while downregulating RANKL, M-CSF, Wnt5a, and Atp6v0d2. These findings demonstrated that the combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi with bone protective effects on OVX rats might be an alternative medicine for the treatment of PMOP.
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Wang YC, Chiang JH, Hsu HC, Tsai CH. Decreased fracture incidence with traditional Chinese medicine therapy in patients with osteoporosis: a nationwide population-based cohort study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:42. [PMID: 30717733 PMCID: PMC6360787 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no published studies regarding the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the prevention of osteoporotic fracture. Therefore, we conducted this nationwide, population-based cohort study to investigate the probable effect of TCM to decrease the fracture rate. METHODS We identified cases with osteoporosis and selected a comparison group that was frequency-matched according to sex, age (per 5 years), diagnosis year of osteoporosis, and index year. The difference between the two groups in the development of fracture was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. RESULTS After inserting age, gender, urbanization level, and comorbidities into the Cox's proportional hazard model, patients who used TCM had a lower hazard ratio (HR) of fracture (adjusted HR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.37-0.59) compared to the non-TCM user group. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that osteoporosis patients who used TCM had a lower incidence of fracture events than those who did not (p < 0.00001). Our study also demonstrated that the longer the TCM use, the lesser the fracture rate. CONCLUSION Our study showed that TCM might have a positive impact on the prevention of osteoporotic fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Huai Chiang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University, China Medical University Hospital, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Cao S, Tian XL, Yu WX, Zhou LP, Dong XL, Favus MJ, Wong MS. Oleanolic Acid and Ursolic Acid Improve Bone Properties and Calcium Balance and Modulate Vitamin D Metabolism in Aged Female Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1435. [PMID: 30564129 PMCID: PMC6288304 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) are the major chemical constituents in Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL), a kidney-tonifying Chinese herb that is previously shown to improve bone properties and enhance calcium balance in aged female rats. The present study was designed to study if OA and UA act as the active ingredients in FLL to exert the positive effects on bone and mineral metabolism in aged rats. Aged (13-month-old) Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to four groups with oral administration of drug or vehicle treatment for 12 weeks: medium calcium diet (MCD, 0.6% calcium), high calcium diet (HCD, 1.2% calcium), MCD + FLL (700 mg/kg/day), MCD + OA (23.6 mg/kg/day) + UA (8.6 mg/kg/day). A group of mature (3-month-old) female rats fed with MCD was included as positive control. The results demonstrated that FLL and OA+UA increased bone mineral density and improved microarchitectural properties of aged female rats. The osteoprotective effects of FLL and OA+UA might be, at least in part, associated with their actions on enhancing calcium balance and suppressing age-induced secondary hyperparathyroidism in aged female rats. FLL and OA+UA also significantly induced renal CYP27B1 protein expression and OA+UA treatment decreased CYP24A1 mRNA and protein expressions in aged female rats. In addition, FLL and OA+UA significantly increased the promoter activity, mRNA and protein expressions of renal CYP27B1 in vitro in human proximal tubule HKC-8 cells. The present findings suggest that OA+UA can be regarded as the active ingredients of FLL and might be a potential drug candidate for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Cao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xue-Lian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Yu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Ping Zhou
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Li Dong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Murray J Favus
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Cao S, Wastney ME, Lachcik PJ, Xiao HH, Weaver CM, Wong MS. Both Oleanolic Acid and a Mixture of Oleanolic and Ursolic Acids Mimic the Effects of Fructus ligustri lucidi on Bone Properties and Circulating 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol in Ovariectomized Rats. J Nutr 2018; 148:1895-1902. [PMID: 30398660 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) are major chemical constituents found in Fructus ligustri lucidi (FLL), a Chinese herb previously shown to increase bone properties and modulate calcium-vitamin D metabolism in rats. OA and UA have been reported to exert osteoprotective effects in vitro. Objective The present study was designed to determine whether OA or OA + UA mimicked the effects of FLL on bone and calcium homeostasis using ovariectomized rats. Methods Three-month-old ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were stabilized for 2 mo and randomly assigned to 4 groups offered the same amount (15-17 g/d) of a control diet or experimental diets containing FLL (18.8 g/kg), OA (0.67 g/kg), or OA (0.67 g/kg) + UA (0.22 g/kg) for 6 wk. Serum was obtained for measurement of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] and bones were collected for micro-CT analysis. Calcium balance was measured at weeks 1 and 6. A calcium kinetic study using 45Ca was conducted at week 6 and modeled using WinSAAM software. Results Compared with the control group, rats fed the FLL-, OA-, and OA + UA-enriched diets had better bone properties and 51%, 31%, and 27% higher serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations at week 6, respectively. These variables did not differ between the treatments. Calcium balance was not affected by diet at either week 1 or week 6. Kinetic modeling predicted that FLL and OA + UA diet-fed rats had 9% and 15% less endogenous excretion of calcium, respectively, compared with the control group. All 3 treatments resulted in a higher calcium mass of compartment 3 because of changes in transfer rate between compartments 2 and 3, and were positively associated with the serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration (R2 = 0.28; P < 0.01). Conclusion Similar to FLL, OA and OA + UA increase bone properties, serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration, and calcium use in ovariectomized rats, suggesting their potential role in management of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Cao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meryl E Wastney
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Pamela J Lachcik
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Hui-Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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17
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Liu C, Zhu R, Liu H, Li L, Chen B, Jia Q, Wang L, Ma R, Tian S, Wang M, Fu M, Niu J, Orekhov AN, Gao S, Zhang D, Zhao B. Aqueous Extract of Mori Folium Exerts Bone Protective Effect Through Regulation of Calcium and Redox Homeostasis via PTH/VDR/CaBP and AGEs/RAGE/Nox4/NF-κB Signaling in Diabetic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1239. [PMID: 30459613 PMCID: PMC6233025 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present study is aimed to explore whether the aqueous extract of Mori Folium (MF) exhibits bone protective effect by regulating calcium and redox homeostasis in diabetic rats, and to identify the signaling pathways involved in this process. Methods: Diabetic rats were established using high-sugar and high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) (30 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days). The serum levels of osteocalcin (OC), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], parathormone (PTH), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were determined by ELISA or biochemical assays. Histopathological alterations in the femurs were evaluated by the stainings of hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and alizarin red S. In addition, femoral strength was detected by a three-point bending assay, bone microstructure was detected with micro-computer tomography. Bone material properties were examined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the expressions of IGF-1, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), cathepsin K, AGEs, receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE), NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in the femurs and tibias, and the alterations in the levels of calcium-binding protein-28k (CaBP-28k), transient receptor potential V6 (TRPV6), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the kidneys and duodenums were determined by western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Treatment of diabetic rats with MF aqueous extract induces an increase in the levels of OC and IGF-1 as well as a decrease in TRAP level in serum. MF treatment also upregulates the expression of OPG, downregulates the expressions of AGEs, RAGE, Nox4, NF-κB, and RANKL, which leads to improve bone microstructure and strength exhibited by an increase in cortical area ratio, cortical thickness, and trabecular area ratio as well as ultimate load, elastic modulus, and bending stress in the femurs and tibias of diabetic rats. In addition, MF aqueous extract preserves bone material properties by decreasing the ratio of fatty acid/collagen and increasing the ratio of mineral/matrix in the femurs of diabetic rats. Moreover, MF treatment increases the levels of P, Ca, and 1,25(OH)2D3, and decreases the level of PTH in the serum, as well as upregulates the expressions of TRPV6 and VDR in the duodenums and CaBP-28k in the kidneys of diabetic rats. Additionally, MF has ability of rebuilding redox homeostasis and eliminating inflammatory stress by increasing the levels of SOD and TAC as well as decreasing the levels of IL-6, AGEs, MDA, and 8-OH-dG. Conclusions: MF treatment may improve bone quality through maintenance of calcium homeostasis via regulating the PTH/VDR/CaBP signaling, and elimination of oxidative stress via regulating the AGEs/RAGE/Nox4/NF-κB signaling. These results may suggest the potential of MF in preventing the development of diabetic osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Liu
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Tian
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Fu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Oleanolic Acid Exerts Osteoprotective Effects and Modulates Vitamin D Metabolism. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020247. [PMID: 29470404 PMCID: PMC5852823 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a triterpenoid with reported bone anti-resorption activities. The present study aimed to characterize its bone protective effects in vivo and to study its effects on vitamin D metabolism, both in vivo and in vitro. OA significantly increased bone mineral density, improved micro-architectural properties, reduced urinary Ca excretion, increased 1,25(OH)2D3 and renal CYP27B1 mRNA expression in mature C57BL/6 ovariectomised (OVX) mice. OA also improved bone properties, Ca balance, and exerted modulatory effects on renal CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 expressions in aged normal female Sprague–Dawley rats. In addition, OA significantly increased renal CYP27B1 mRNA and promoter activity, and suppressed CYP24A1 mRNA and protein expressions in human proximal tubule HKC-8 cells. OA exerted bone protective effects in mature OVX mice and aged female rats. This action on bone might be, at least in part, associated with its effects on Ca and vitamin D metabolism. The present findings suggest that OA is a potential drug candidate for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Chen XF, Li XL, Yang M, Song Y, Zhang Y. Osteoprotective effects of salidroside in ovariectomized mice and diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 819:281-288. [PMID: 29242120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside, an active constituent from the root of Rhodiola rosea L., has multiple pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, etc. However, its protective effect on bone tissue via regulating calcium homeostasis is yet to be determined. This study was performed to investigate if salidroside could protect against bone injuries induced by estrogen deficiency or hyperglycemia through modulating calcium homeostasis. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice and diabetic mice were treated with salidroside (20mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Safranin O staining and micro-CT were performed on the distal metaphysis of femur. The calcium content in serum, urine and femur was measured, and the mRNA and protein expressions of regulators in kidney were determined by PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Treatment with salidroside increased bone calcium level and decreased urinary calcium excretion, consequently attenuating the deteriorations of trabecular bone in both OVX mice and diabetic mice. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-24 hydroxylase expression was down-regulated and vitamin D receptor expression was up-regulated in kidney of both OVX mice and diabetic mice upon to salidroside treatment, which also inhibited the ovariectomy-induced decrease in expression of renal transcellular calcium transporters and the diabetes-induced enhancement in renal calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) expression. Taken together, salidroside exerted osteoprotective effects by improving calcium homeostasis via regulating vitamin D metabolism and transcellular calcium transporters as well as modulating CaSR expression in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Fan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China.
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New insights into the tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas for the treatment of osteoporosis. Arch Osteoporos 2017; 12:14. [PMID: 28127706 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-016-0301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by an increasing osseous fragility and fracture resulting from the low mass and deteriorated microarchitecture in the bone tissue. The hormone replacement therapy and alendronate were frequently used to treat osteoporosis as the primary therapeutic strategy, but their adverse effects have severely limited their extensive clinical application, therefore, it is urgent to develop alternative or complementary therapeutic agents for anti-osteoporosis. Interestingly, with more people focusing on the complementary and alternative medicine, traditional Chinese herbs and formulas are being gradually recognized as safe and effective agents in the treatment of osteoporosis. In particular, a notable trend is that increasing studies are making efforts to clarify the anti-osteoporotic effects and mechanism of the tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas, a category of agents identified as effective therapy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to comprehensively review the tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas that have been reported in the treatment of osteoporosis as well as how the agents play their roles in detail. This current study not only will advance our understanding of the actions of tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas, but also provide new evidence for the clinic use of the tonifying kidney-yin herbs and formulas in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Chen B, Wang L, Li L, Zhu R, Liu H, Liu C, Ma R, Jia Q, Zhao D, Niu J, Fu M, Gao S, Zhang D. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in Osteoporosis: A Review of its Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Safety. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091469. [PMID: 28872612 PMCID: PMC6151717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) has now attracted increasing attention as an alternative medicine in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. This study aimed to provide a general review of traditional interpretation of the actions of FLL in osteoporosis, main phytochemical constituents, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology in bone improving effect, and safety. Materials and Methods: Several databases, including PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, National Science and Technology Library, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Web of Science were consulted to locate publications pertaining to FLL. The initial inquiry was conducted for the presence of the following keywords combinations in the abstracts: Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, osteoporosis, phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, salidroside. About 150 research papers and reviews were consulted. Results: FLL is assumed to exhibit anti-osteoporotic effects by improving liver and kidney deficiencies and reducing lower back soreness in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The data from animal and cell experiments demonstrate that FLL is able to improve bone metabolism and bone quality in ovariectomized, growing, aged and diabetic rats through the regulation of PTH/FGF-23/1,25-(OH)2D3/CaSR, Nox4/ROS/NF-κB, and OPG/RANKL/cathepsin K signaling pathways. More than 100 individual compounds have been isolated from this plant. Oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, salidroside, and nuzhenide have been reported to exhibit the anti-osteoporosis effect. The pharmacokinetics data reveals that salidroside is one of the active constituents, and that tyrosol is hard to detect under physiological conditions. Acute and subacute toxicity studies show that FLL is well tolerated and presents no safety concerns. Conclusions: FLL provides a new option for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, which attracts rising interests in identifying potential anti-osteoporotic compounds and fractions from this plant. Further scientific evidences are expected from well-designed clinical trials on its bone protective effects and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lili Wang
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Haixia Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Min Fu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Wang L, Ma R, Guo Y, Sun J, Liu H, Zhu R, Liu C, Li J, Li L, Chen B, Sun L, Tang J, Zhao D, Mo F, Niu J, Jiang G, Fu M, Brömme D, Zhang D, Gao S. Antioxidant Effect of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi Aqueous Extract in Ovariectomized Rats Is Mediated through Nox4-ROS-NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:266. [PMID: 28588482 PMCID: PMC5438993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study is designed to explore whether Fructus ligustri lucidi (FLL) exhibits antioxidant effect in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and to identify the signaling pathway involved in this process. Methods: OVX rats were treated with FLL aqueous extract (3.5 g/kg) for 12 weeks. Serum, uteri, and tibias were harvested from the rats and the levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined. Changes in the levels of NF-κB-p65, phosphorylation of NF-κB-p65 (NF-κB-pp65), NF-κB inhibitor alpha (IκBα), phosphorylation of IκBα (p-IκBα), and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in uteri and tibias were determined by western blot, immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively. In addition, the expression of cytochrome C (Cyto-C) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were determined in the tibias of rats. Histopathological changes in the bones were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined in rat femurs by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Treatment of OVX rats with FLL aqueous extract improved redox homeostasis by increasing the levels of TAC and NO as well as decreasing the levels of MDA and 8-OHdG in serum, tibias, and uteri. Further, FLL extract also downregulated the expression of Nox4, NF-κB-p65, NF-κB-pp65, and p-IκBα in the uteri and tibias. Furthermore, administration of FLL–OVX rats increased Bcl-2 expression and prevented cytoplasmic release of mitochondrial Cyto-C in the tibias. In addition, FLL treatment also improved bone microstructure and increased cortical bone thickness as well as increased BMD values in the femurs of OVX rats. Conclusions: FLL treatment may suppress oxidative stress response in OVX rats via regulating the Nox4/ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest the potential of using FLL as a natural antioxidant agent in preventing the development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Yubo Guo
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for TCM, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Jinfa Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of He'nan TCM University, ZhengzhouHenan, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Fangfang Mo
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- Cell and Biochemistry Lab, Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Guangjian Jiang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Min Fu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health CenterMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dieter Brömme
- Oral Biological Medicinal Science, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
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Yang Y, Nian H, Tang X, Wang X, Liu R. Effects of the combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on bone turnover and TGF-β1/Smads pathway in GIOP rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 201:91-99. [PMID: 28254481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kidney deficiency is the main pathogenesis of osteoporosis based on the theory of "kidney governing bones" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, based on traditional Chinese formula Er-Zhi pills, were frequently used in TCM formulas that were prescribed for kidney tonifying and bone strengthening. However, it is unclear whether the combination of the two herbs may have a protective influence on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects and the underlying molecular mechanism of the decoction and the active fractions of the combined herbs in GIOP rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups, including the normal control (NC), GIOP model (MO), active fractions low (100mg/kg, LAF), active fractions high (200mg/kg, HAF), decoction low (3.5g/kg, LD), decoction high (7g/kg, HD) and Calcium with Vitamin D3 (0.2773g/kg, CaD)-treated group. The GIOP model was established by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone (1mg/kg) twice a week for 8 weeks. Different kinds of indicators were measured, including bone mineral density (BMD), bone biomechanical properties, serum bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), serum bone γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP), serum bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) and serum carboxy terminal cross linked telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen (ICTP), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone structured histomorphometry. The protein and mRNA expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4 and Smad7 were detected by Western blotting (WB) and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. RESULTS Administration of combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi decoction and combined active fractions could significantly prevent GC-induced bone loss by increasing the contents of serum b-ALP, BGP and BMP-2 as the markers of bone formation, reducing the serum TRACP and ICTP contents to inhibit bone resorption and enhancing BMC. They could also attenuate biomechanical properties and BMD reduction, deterioration of trabecular architecture in MO rats. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1, smad2, smad3 and smad4 were up-regulated, and the mRNA and protein expression of Smad7 was down-regulated following combined Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi treatment. CONCLUSION Combination of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi exhibited protective effects on promoting bone formation and precluding bone resorption. The underlying mechanism may be attributed to its regulations on TGF-β1/Smads pathway. The substance bases of the combined herbs on anti-osteoporosis were total flavonoids of Herba Epimedii, total iridoids and flavonoids of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Honglei Nian
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiufeng Tang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Renhui Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
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Sha NN, Zhao YJ, Zhao DF, Mok DKW, Shi Q, Wang YJ, Zhang Y. Effect of the water fraction isolated from Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extract on bone metabolismviaantagonizing a calcium-sensing receptor in experimental type 1 diabetic rats. Food Funct 2017; 8:4703-4712. [PMID: 29165475 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01259d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotective effects of FLL water fraction by potentially regulating vitamin D metabolism and calcium transporters as well as CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Sha
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yong-Jian Zhao
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Dong-Feng Zhao
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Qi Shi
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Spine Disease Research Institute
- Longhua Hospital
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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Xu D, Lyu Y, Chen X, Zhu X, Feng J, Xu Y. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi ethanol extract inhibits osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells via the RANKL signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4767-4774. [PMID: 27748884 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructus ligustri Lucidi (FLL) is the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait and a traditional Chinese medicine, primarily known for its role in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. The present study aimed to elucidate the effect and underlying mechanism of action of ethanol extract of FLL on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, and to identify the active compounds within it. RAW264.7 murine monocyte/macrophage cells were stimulated with the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) to induce osteoclast differentiation in vitro. The present study demosntrated that FLL extract and its two primary components, oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA), significantly suppressed RANKL‑induced tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and multinucleate osteoclast formation without inducing cytotoxicity; however, no effect was observed on the apoptosis of mature osteoclasts. Additionally, RANKL‑induced mRNA expression levels of the key transcription factors, tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor‑6, nuclear factor of activated T cell‑c1 and c‑Fos, and the osteoclast markers, TRAP, cathepsin K and matrix metalloproteinase‑9 were suppressed by FLL, OA and UA. However, no effect was observed on RANKL‑induced mRNA expression levels of Src. These results demonstrated that FLL may inhibit osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells via RANKL signaling pathways. OA and UA are active compounds in inducing this effect; however, their specific roles remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ying Lyu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jinqiu Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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Che CT, Wong MS. Ligustrum lucidum and its Constituents: A Mini-Review on the Anti-Osteoporosis Potential. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501001242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder commonly occurred in aging populations, particularly postmenopausal women and patients who undergo long-term steroid or anti-estrogen therapies. Given the rapid growth of the aging population, the prevalence of bone loss, and the huge medical and healthcare cost involved, demand for alternative approaches for the promotion of bone health is pressing. With the advent of global interest in complementary and alternative medicine and natural products, Chinese medicine serves as a viable source that offers benefits to improve and maintain bone health. This review summarizes the scientific information on the Chinese medicinal herb Ligustrum lucidum and its chemical components as potential therapy for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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Zhang Y, Mukwaya E, Pan H, Li XM, Yang JL, Ge J, Wang HY. Combination therapy of Chinese herbal medicine Fructus Ligustri Lucidi with high calcium diet on calcium imbalance induced by ovariectomy in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1082-1085. [PMID: 25495599 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.950388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Our previous biological study demonstrated that Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL), the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (Oleaceae), could be used to maintain calcium balance and prevent age-related osteoporosis since it effectively decreased calcium loss and increased calcium retention in rats. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the combination effect of the Chinese herbal medicine FLL and a high calcium diet on calcium imbalance induced by ovariectomy in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ovariectomized (OVX) mice were orally treated with vehicle, FLL extract (700 mg/kg), milk powder (5 g/mice) fortified with calcium (1.0% Ca) and the combination of FLL with milk powder. After 6 weeks of treatment, urine, serum, and tibia were preserved for biochemical analysis and kidneys were taken for gene expression analysis. RESULTS The combination treatment of FLL and a high calcium diet significantly increased bone calcium content (6.80 ± 0.34 mg) by 22% (p < 0.05) and decreased urine calcium excretion (0.099 ± 0.009 mg/mg) by 62% (p < 0.01) as compared with those of the OVX group (bone Ca, 5.57 ± 0.31 mg; urine Ca/Cr, 0.261 ± 0.017 mg/mg). The mRNA expression of renal calcium-binding protein-9k (CaBP-9k) and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in combination treatment group was significantly up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, as compared with those of the OVX group. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of this combination therapy on calcium balance of OVX mice were, at least partially, attributed to its regulation on mRNA expression of CaBP-9k and CaSR in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Bright Dairy Research Institute , Shanghai , China
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Liu RH, Kang X, Xu LP, Nian HL, Yang XW, Shi HT, Wang XJ. Effects of the combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on bone mineral content and bone turnover in osteoporotic rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:112. [PMID: 25889254 PMCID: PMC4411652 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decoction combination of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi has been used to treat osteoporosis for almost 50 years by practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine. However, it is unclear what specific effects this combination of herbs has on the skeleton. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the combined extracts from Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on the bone turnover and bone mineral content in a rat model of osteoporosis induced by retinoic acid. METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the normal control group, osteoporosis model group, or treatment groups in which osteoporosis was induced and then the combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi were administered at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks via oral gavage. The rat osteoporosis model was induced by intragastric administration of 70 mg/kg/day of retinoic acid for 2 weeks. Bone turnover markers, bone biomechanical properties, and the calcium and phosphorus content of the right tibia and serum were measured. RESULTS The retinoic acid administration decreased the bone mass and the contents of calcium and phosphorus in the bone mineral, weakened the biomechanical properties, and increased bone turnover by stimulating bone resorption and collagen metabolism. Treatment with the combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi significantly mitigated the effects of osteoporosis on the rats by decreasing bone metabolism, improving the bone mineral content, and increasing the biomechanical properties. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight the anti-osteoporosis effects of the combined extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi. These findings may contribute to the development of natural anti-osteoporosis herbal medicines.
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Effect of the combined extracts of herba epimedii and fructus ligustri lucidi on sex hormone functional levels in osteoporosis rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:184802. [PMID: 25648166 PMCID: PMC4305618 DOI: 10.1155/2015/184802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The combination of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi has been used to treat osteoporosis for almost 50 years by Professor Shizeng Li, a famous doctor of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, it is unclear whether the combination of the effective constituents of the two herbs may have a protective influence on the skeleton. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the combination extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on rat model of osteoporosis induced by retinoic acid by gavage. With administrations of the combination extracts of the two herbs (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day) via oral gavage for 3 weeks, bone mineral density (BMD), femur histomorphometry, some sex hormones, and sex hormone receptors were measured. Results showed that the combined extracts could increase BMD, affect bone histomorphometry, coordinate the sex hormones at the level of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, and increase the protein and mRNA expressions of sex hormone receptors. The findings suggested that the combination extracts of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi might be beneficial as an alternative medicine for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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30
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Zhang Y, Diao TY, Wang L, Che CT, Wong MS. Protective effects of water fraction of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extract against hypercalciuria and trabecular bone deterioration in experimentally type 1 diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 158 Pt A:239-245. [PMID: 25456432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL), the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait, is a commonly prescribed herb to nourish the endocrine and renal systems and to strengthen the bones in Traditional Chinese Medicine. This study was aimed to determine the effects of water fraction of FLL ethanol extract (WF-EE) on urinary calcium excretion and trabecular bone properties in type 1 diabetic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The DBA/2J mice with type 1 diabetes induced by streptozotocin injection were orally administered with WF-EE. After 6 weeks of treatment, the level of biomarkers, including serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and urine calcium, was measured. Micro-CT was performed to detect trabecular bone properties of the proximal tibial metaphysis. The expression of active calcium transporting proteins in kidney and duodenum was determined by RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunostaining. RESULTS Type 1 diabetes induced hypercalciuria and trabecular bone deterioration. The WF-EE could significantly inhibit hypercalciuria and ameliorate the micro-structure of trabecular bone as well as increase serum PTH and FGF-23 levels in type 1 diabetic mice. The gene expressions of active calcium transporting proteins in duodenum were up-regulated, and the gene and protein expressions of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in kidney were dramatically down-regulated in diabetic mice in response to the treatment with WF-EE. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the protective effects of the water fraction of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi ethanol extract against hypercalciuria and trabecular bone deterioration in experimentally type 1 diabetic mice, and the underlying mechanism may be attributed to its regulations on duodenal calcium transporting proteins and renal CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Bright Dairy Research Institute, Shanghai 200436, China; Center for Systems Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Teng-Yue Diao
- Center for Systems Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 309th hospital of Chinese People׳s Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Gao L, Li C, Wang Z, Liu X, You Y, Wei H, Guo T. Ligustri Lucidi Fructusas a traditional Chinese medicine: a review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:493-510. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.954114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Comparative analysis of the influence of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on a rat lumbar disc herniation model. Mol Med Rep 2012; 12:1225-32. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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