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Zhou D, Zi C, Gan G, Tang S, Chen Q. An exploration of the causal relationship between 731 immunophenotypes and osteoporosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomized study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1341002. [PMID: 39086903 PMCID: PMC11288873 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1341002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There are complex interactions between osteoporosis and the immune system, and it has become possible to explore their causal relationship based on Mendelian randomization methods. Methods Utilizing openly accessible genetic data and employing Mendelian randomization analysis, we investigated the potential causal connection between 731 immune cell traits and the risk of developing osteoporosis. Results Ten immune cell phenotypes were osteoporosis protective factors and three immune cell phenotypes were osteoporosis risk factors. Specifically, the odds ratio (OR) of IgD+ CD24+ %B cell (B cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9986 (95% CI = 0.9978~0.9996, P<0.01). The OR of CD24+ CD27+ %B cell (B cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9991 (95% CI = 0.9984~0.9998, P = 0.021). The OR of CD33- HLA DR+AC (Myeloid cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9996 (95% CI = 0.9993~0.9999, P = 0.038). The OR of EM CD8br %CD8br (Maturation stages of T cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 1.0004 (95% CI = 1.0000~1.0008, P = 0.045). The OR of CD25 on IgD+ (B cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9995 (95% CI = 0.9991~0.9999, P = 0.024). The OR of CD25 on CD39+ activated Treg+ (Treg panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 1.001 (95% CI = 1.0001~1.0019, P = 0.038). The OR of CCR2 on CD62L+ myeloid DC (cDC panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9992 (95% CI = 0.9984~0.9999, P = 0.048). The OR of CCR2 on CD62L+ plasmacytoid DC (cDC panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9993 (95% CI = 0.9987~0.9999, P = 0.035). The OR of CD45 on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b- (Myeloid cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9988 (95% CI = 0.9977~0.9998, P = 0.031). The OR of CD45 on Mo MDSC (Myeloid cell panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9992 (95% CI = 0.9985~0.9998, P = 0.017). The OR of SSC-A on B cell (TBNK panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9986 (95% CI = 0.9972~0.9999, P = 0.042). The OR of CD11c on CD62L+ myeloid DC (cDC panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 0.9987 (95% CI = 0.9978~0.9996, P<0.01). The OR of HLA DR on DC (cDC panel) risk on Osteoporosis was estimated to be 1.0007 (95% CI = 1.0002~1.0011, P<0.01). No causal effect of osteoporosis on immune cells was observed. Conclusions Our study identified 13 unreported immune phenotypes that are causally related to osteoporosis, providing a theoretical basis for the bone immunology doctrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyan Zi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gaofeng Gan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyun Tang
- Department of Good Clinical Practice (GCP), Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Department of Endocrine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Fujii T, Wada S, Carballo C, Bell R, Morita W, Nakagawa Y, Liu Y, Chen D, Pannellini T, Sokhi U, Deng X, Park‐Min KH, Rodeo SA, Ivashkiv LB. Distinct inflammatory macrophage populations sequentially infiltrate bone‐to‐tendon interface tissue after
ACL
reconstruction surgery in mice. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10635. [PMID: 35866148 PMCID: PMC9289991 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important for repair of injured tissues, but their role in healing after surgical repair of musculoskeletal tissues is not well understood. We used single‐cell RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq), flow cytometry, and transcriptomics to characterize functional phenotypes of macrophages in a mouse anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) model that involves bone injury followed by a healing phase of bone and fibrovascular interface tissue formation that results in bone‐to‐tendon attachment. We identified a novel “surgery‐induced” highly inflammatory CD9+ IL1+ macrophage population that expresses neutrophil‐related genes, peaks 1 day after surgery, and slowly resolves while transitioning to a more homeostatic phenotype. In contrast, CX3CR1+ CCR2+ macrophages accumulated more slowly and unexpectedly expressed an interferon signature, which can suppress bone formation. Deletion of Ccr2 resulted in an increased amount of bone in the surgical bone tunnel at the tendon interface, suggestive of improved healing. The “surgery‐induced macrophages” identify a new cell type in the early phase of inflammation related to bone injury, which in other tissues is dominated by blood‐derived neutrophils. The complex patterns of macrophage and inflammatory pathway activation after ACLR set the stage for developing therapeutic strategies to target specific cell populations and inflammatory pathways to improve surgical outcomes. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Fujii
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York
| | - Susumu Wada
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York
| | - Camila Carballo
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York
| | - Richard Bell
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York
| | - Wataru Morita
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York
| | - Yusuke Nakagawa
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yake Liu
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York
| | - Daoyun Chen
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York
| | - Tannia Pannellini
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York
| | - Upneet Sokhi
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York
| | - Xiang‐hua Deng
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York
| | - Kyung Hyung Park‐Min
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York
- Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York
- BCMB allied program Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences New York New York
| | - Scott A. Rodeo
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York
- Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York
| | - Lionel B. Ivashkiv
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York
- Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences New York New York
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3
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Zhu S, Liu M, Bennett S, Wang Z, Pfleger KDG, Xu J. The molecular structure and role of CCL2 (MCP-1) and C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 in skeletal biology and diseases. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7211-7222. [PMID: 33782965 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, also called chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) or small inducible cytokine A2, is an inflammatory mediator capable of recruiting monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells. CCL2 is a member of the CC chemokine superfamily, which binds to its receptor, C-C motif chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2), for the induction of chemotactic activity and an increase of calcium influx. It exerts multiple effects on a variety of cells, including monocytes, macrophages, osteoclasts, basophils, and endothelial cells, and is involved in a diverse range of diseases. This review discusses the molecular structure and role of CCL2 and CCR2 in skeletal biology and disease. Molecular structure analyses reveal that CCL2 shares a conserved C-C motif; however, it has only limited sequence homology with other CCL family members. Likewise, CCR2, as a member of the G-protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptor superfamily, shares conserved cysteine residues, but exhibits very limited sequence homology with other CCR family members. In the skeletal system, the expression of CCL2 is regulated by a variety of factors, such as parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide, interleukin 1b, tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-beta, RANKL, and mechanical forces. The interaction of CCL2 and CCR2 activates several signaling cascades, including PI3K/Akt/ERK/NF-κB, PI3K/MAPKs, and JAK/STAT-1/STAT-3. Understanding the role of CCL2 and CCR2 will facilitate the development of novel therapies for skeletal disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteolysis and other inflammatory diseases related to abnormal chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mei Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Samuel Bennett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,UWA Node, Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Melbourne and Perth, Victoria and Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Cabelka CA, Baumann CW, Lindsay A, Norton A, Blixt NC, Le G, Warren GL, Mansky KC, Novotny SA, Lowe DA. Tissue selective effects of bazedoxifene on the musculoskeletal system in female mice. J Endocrinol 2021; 248:181-191. [PMID: 33295882 PMCID: PMC7933086 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The actions of selective estrogen receptor modulators are tissue dependent. The primary objective of the current study was to determine the tissue selective effects of bazedoxifene (BZA) on the musculoskeletal system of ovariectomized (OVX) female mice, focusing on the strengths of muscle-bone pairs in the lower hindlimb. Treatment with BZA after ovariectomy (OVX+BZA) did not prevent body or fat mass gains (P < 0.05). In vivo plantarflexor muscle isometric torque was not affected by treatment with BZA (P = 0.522). Soleus muscle peak isometric, concentric and eccentric tetanic force production were greater in OVX+BZA mice compared to OVX+E2 mice (P ≤ 0.048) with no effect on maximal isometric specific force (P = 0.228). Tibia from OVX+BZA mice had greater cortical cross-sectional area and moment of inertia than OVX mice treated with placebo (P < 0.001), but there was no impact of BZA treatment on cortical bone mineral density, cortical thickness, tibial bone ultimate load or stiffness (P ≥ 0.086). Overall, these results indicate that BZA may be an estrogen receptor agonist in skeletal muscle, as it has previously been shown in bone, providing minor benefits to the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Cabelka
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, The College of St. Scholastica; 940 Woodland Ave, Suite 210, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Cory W. Baumann
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Angus Lindsay
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota; 420 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Andrew Norton
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota; School of Dentistry, Room 16-146 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nick C. Blixt
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota; 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St.SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gengyun Le
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gordon L. Warren
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University; P.O. Box 4019, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Kim C. Mansky
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota; School of Dentistry, Room 16-146 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Susan A. Novotny
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Gillette Children’s Specialty Healthcare, 200 University Avenue East, Saint Paul, MN 55101, USA
| | - Dawn A. Lowe
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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5
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Fei Q, Li X, Lin J, Yu L, Yang Y. Identification of Aberrantly Expressed Long Non-Coding RNAs and Nearby Targeted Genes in Male Osteoporosis. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:1779-1792. [PMID: 33061329 PMCID: PMC7522435 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s271689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate different expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs between male osteoporosis and normal control by high throughput RNA sequencing. METHODS We obtained the different expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs between male osteoporosis and normal control by high throughput RNA sequencing. Compared to normal control, we identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and the nearby targeted DEGs of DElncRNAs in male osteoporosis. Functional annotation was used to further study the functions of DEGs in male osteoporosis. The DElncRNAs-DEGs interaction network was constructed. One DElncRNA-nearby targeted DEG interaction pair of LINC02009-CCR2 was validated in vitro. RESULTS Totally, 3296 DEGs, 204 DElncRNAs and 168 DElncRNAs-nearby targeted DEGs pairs were obtained. The most significantly up-regulated and down-regulated DElncRNAs in male osteoporosis were Loc105372801 and KCNQ1OT1, respectively. Osteoclast differentiation and chemokine signaling pathway were significantly enriched pathways in male osteoporosis. Based on the DElncRNAs-DEGs interaction network in male osteoporosis, we obtained several interaction pairs including SNHG5-SYNCRIP-HBA1-HBB, HCG27-HLA-C, LINC02009-CCR2, and LOC101926887-IFIT1-IFIT2/IFIT3/IFIT5. The expression of LINC02009 and CCR2 was down-regulated in keeping with the RNA sequencing data. CONCLUSION Identified DElncRNAs-DEGs interaction pairs may be involved in the development of male osteoporosis, which make a contribution to underlying the mechanism of male osteoporosis. Among which, the validated DElncRNAs-nearby targeted DEGs interaction pair of LINC02009-CCR2 may be important regulators in the development of male osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fei
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jisheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjia Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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6
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Robinson JW, Blixt NC, Norton A, Mansky KC, Ye Z, Aparicio C, Wagner BM, Benton AM, Warren GL, Khosla S, Gaddy D, Suva LJ, Potter LR. Male mice with elevated C-type natriuretic peptide-dependent guanylyl cyclase-B activity have increased osteoblasts, bone mass and bone strength. Bone 2020; 135:115320. [PMID: 32179168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) activation of guanylyl cyclase (GC)-B, also known as NPR2, stimulates cGMP synthesis and bone elongation. CNP activation requires the phosphorylation of multiple GC-B residues and dephosphorylation inactivates the receptor. GC-B7E/7E knockin mice, expressing a glutamate-substituted, "pseudophosphorylated," form of GC-B, exhibit increased CNP-dependent GC activity. Since mutations that constitutively activate GC-B in the absence of CNP result in low bone mineral density in humans, we determined the skeletal phenotype of 9-week old male GC-B7E/7E mice. Unexpectedly, GC-B7E/7E mice have significantly greater tibial and L5 vertebral trabecular bone volume fraction, tibial trabecular number, and tibial bone mineral density. Cortical cross-sectional area, cortical thickness, periosteal diameter and cortical cross-sectional moment of inertia were also significantly increased in GC-B7E/7E tibiae. Three-point bending measurements demonstrated that the mutant tibias and femurs had greater ultimate load, stiffness, energy to ultimate load, and energy to failure. No differences in microhardness indicated similar bone quality at the tissue level between the mutant and wildtype bones. Procollagen 1 N-terminal propeptide and osteocalcin were elevated in serum, and osteoblast number per bone perimeter and osteoid width per bone perimeter were elevated in tibias from the mutant mice. In contrast to mutations that constitutively activate GC-B, we report that mutations that enhance GC-B activity only in the presence of its natural ligand, increase bone mass, bone strength, and the number of active osteoblasts at the bone surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerid W Robinson
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas C Blixt
- Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrew Norton
- Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kim C Mansky
- Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zhou Ye
- Restorative Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- Restorative Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brandon M Wagner
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrew M Benton
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gordon L Warren
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dana Gaddy
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Larry J Suva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lincoln R Potter
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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7
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The role of GPCRs in bone diseases and dysfunctions. Bone Res 2019; 7:19. [PMID: 31646011 PMCID: PMC6804689 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) contains immense structural and functional diversity and mediates a myriad of biological processes upon activation by various extracellular signals. Critical roles of GPCRs have been established in bone development, remodeling, and disease. Multiple human GPCR mutations impair bone development or metabolism, resulting in osteopathologies. Here we summarize the disease phenotypes and dysfunctions caused by GPCR gene mutations in humans as well as by deletion in animals. To date, 92 receptors (5 glutamate family, 67 rhodopsin family, 5 adhesion, 4 frizzled/taste2 family, 5 secretin family, and 6 other 7TM receptors) have been associated with bone diseases and dysfunctions (36 in humans and 72 in animals). By analyzing data from these 92 GPCRs, we found that mutation or deletion of different individual GPCRs could induce similar bone diseases or dysfunctions, and the same individual GPCR mutation or deletion could induce different bone diseases or dysfunctions in different populations or animal models. Data from human diseases or dysfunctions identified 19 genes whose mutation was associated with human BMD: 9 genes each for human height and osteoporosis; 4 genes each for human osteoarthritis (OA) and fracture risk; and 2 genes each for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), periodontitis, osteosarcoma growth, and tooth development. Reports from gene knockout animals found 40 GPCRs whose deficiency reduced bone mass, while deficiency of 22 GPCRs increased bone mass and BMD; deficiency of 8 GPCRs reduced body length, while 5 mice had reduced femur size upon GPCR deletion. Furthermore, deficiency in 6 GPCRs induced osteoporosis; 4 induced osteoarthritis; 3 delayed fracture healing; 3 reduced arthritis severity; and reduced bone strength, increased bone strength, and increased cortical thickness were each observed in 2 GPCR-deficiency models. The ever-expanding number of GPCR mutation-associated diseases warrants accelerated molecular analysis, population studies, and investigation of phenotype correlation with SNPs to elucidate GPCR function in human diseases.
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8
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mounting evidence supporting the critical contribution of macrophages, in particular osteal macrophages, to bone regeneration is reviewed. We specifically examine the potential role of macrophages in the basic multicellular units coordinating lifelong bone regeneration via remodelling and bone regeneration in response to injury. We review and discuss the distinctions between macrophage and osteoclast contributions to bone homeostasis, particularly the dichotomous role of the colony-stimulating factor 1-colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor axis. RECENT FINDINGS The impact of inflammation associated with aging and other hallmarks of aging, including senescence, on macrophage function is addressed in the context of osteoporosis and delayed fracture repair. Resident macrophages versus recruited macrophage contributions to fracture healing are also discussed. We identify some of the remaining knowledge gaps that will need to be closed in order to maximise benefits from therapeutically modulating or mimicking the function of macrophages to improve bone health and regeneration over a lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Batoon
- Bones and Immunology Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Care Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Susan Marie Millard
- Bones and Immunology Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Care Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Liza Jane Raggatt
- Bones and Immunology Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Care Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4092, Australia
| | - Allison Robyn Pettit
- Bones and Immunology Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Care Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4092, Australia.
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9
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Nandi A, Bishayi B. CCR-2 neutralization augments murine fresh BMC activation by Staphylococcus aureus via two distinct mechanisms: at the level of ROS production and cytokine response. Innate Immun 2017; 23:345-372. [PMID: 28409543 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917697806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR-2 signaling regulates recruitment of monocytes from the bone marrow into the bloodstream and then to sites of infection. We sought to determine whether CCL-2/CCR-2 signaling is involved in the killing of Staphylococcus aureus by murine bone marrow cells (BMCs). The intermittent link of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-NF-κB/p38-MAPK-mediated CCL-2 production in CCR-2 signaling prompted us to determine whether neutralization of CCR-2 augments the response of murine fresh BMCs (FBMCs) after S. aureus infection. It was observed that anti-CCR-2 Ab-treated FBMCs released fewer ROS on encountering S. aureus infection than CCR-2 non-neutralized FBMCs, also correlating with reduced killing of S. aureus in CCR-2 neutralized FBMCs. Staphylococcal catalase and SOD were also found to play a role in protecting S. aureus from the ROS-mediated killing of FBMC. S. aureus infection of CCR-2 intact FBMCs pre-treated with either NF-κB or p-38-MAPK blocker induced less CCL-2, suggesting that NF-κB or p-38-MAPK is required for CCL-2 production by FBMCs. Moreover, blocking of CCR-2 along with NF-κB or p-38-MAPK resulted in elevated CCL-2 production and reduced CCR-2 expression. Inhibition of CCR-2 impairs the response of murine BMCs to S. aureus infection by attenuation ROS production and modulating the cytokine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeya Nandi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, West Bengal, India
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10
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Siddiqui JA, Partridge NC. CCL2/Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 and Parathyroid Hormone Action on Bone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:49. [PMID: 28424660 PMCID: PMC5372820 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small molecules that play a crucial role as chemoattractants for several cell types, and their components are associated with host immune responses and repair mechanisms. Chemokines selectively recruit monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes and induce chemotaxis through the activation of G protein-coupled receptors. Two well-described chemokine families (CXC and CC) are known to regulate the localization and trafficking of immune cells in cases of injury, infection, and tumors. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is one of the important chemokines from the CC family that controls migration and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages during inflammation. CCL2 is profoundly expressed in osteoporotic bone and prostate cancer-induced bone resorption. CCL2 also regulates physiological bone remodeling in response to hormonal and mechanical stimuli. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has multifaceted effects on bone, depending on the mode of administration. Intermittent PTH increases bone in vivo by increasing the number and activity of osteoblasts, whereas a continuous infusion of PTH decreases bone mass by stimulating a net increase in bone resorption. CCL2 is essential for both anabolic and catabolic effects of PTH. In this review, we will discuss the pharmacological role of PTH and involvement of CCL2 in the processes of PTH-mediated bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicola C. Partridge
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
- *Correspondence: Nicola C. Partridge,
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Perpétuo IP, Raposeiro R, Caetano-Lopes J, Vieira-Sousa E, Campanilho-Marques R, Ponte C, Canhão H, Ainola M, Fonseca JE. Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy on Osteoclasts Precursors in Ankylosing Spondylitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144655. [PMID: 26674064 PMCID: PMC4682624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is characterized by excessive local bone formation and concomitant systemic bone loss. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a central role in the inflammation of axial skeleton and enthesis of AS patients. Despite reduction of inflammation and systemic bone loss, AS patients treated with TNF inhibitors (TNFi) have ongoing local bone formation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of TNFi in the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts (OC) in AS patients. Methods 13 AS patients treated with TNFi were analyzed at baseline and after a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. 25 healthy donors were recruited as controls. Blood samples were collected to assess receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) surface expression on circulating leukocytes and frequency and phenotype of monocyte subpopulations. Quantification of serum levels of bone turnover markers and cytokines, in vitro OC differentiation assay and qRT-PCR for OC specific genes were performed. Results RANKL+ circulating lymphocytes (B and T cells) and IL-17A, IL-23 and TGF-β levels were decreased after TNFi treatment. We found no differences in the frequency of the different monocyte subpopulations, however, we found decreased expression of CCR2 and increased expression of CD62L after TNFi treatment. OC number was reduced in patients at baseline when compared to controls. OC specific gene expression was reduced in circulating OC precursors after TNFi treatment. However, when cultured in OC differentiating conditions, OC precursors from AS TNFi-treated patients showed increased activity as compared to baseline. Conclusion In AS patients, TNFi treatment reduces systemic pro osteoclastogenic stimuli. However, OC precursors from AS patients exposed to TNFi therapy have increased in vitro activity in response to osteoclastogenic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês P. Perpétuo
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Rita Raposeiro
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Caetano-Lopes
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elsa Vieira-Sousa
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology and bone metabolic diseases department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Campanilho-Marques
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology and bone metabolic diseases department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ponte
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology and bone metabolic diseases department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Canhão
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology and bone metabolic diseases department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mari Ainola
- Musculoskeletal Diseases and Inflammation Research Group, Biomedicum Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - João E. Fonseca
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology and bone metabolic diseases department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
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