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Lagacé JC, Marcotte-Chenard A, Paquin J, Tremblay D, Brochu M, Dionne IJ. Increased odds of having the metabolic syndrome with greater fat-free mass: counterintuitive results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:377-385. [PMID: 34825787 PMCID: PMC8818661 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that body composition influences metabolic health, but emerging data are conflicting with the largely purported idea that a large fat-free mass (FFM) has a protective effect on health. A potential explanation for these discrepancies is the way FFM is represented. The first objective is to determine the association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and FFM when the latter was represented in three different ways: 1-absolute FFM; 2-relative to squared height (FFMi); and 3-relative to body weight (FFM%). The second objective is to assess the impact of FFM on the relative risk of having the MetS after taking fat mass, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables into account. METHODS A total of 5274 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database were studied. Age-specific and sex-specific quartiles of the three representations of FFM were defined, and the prevalence of MetS was determined in each of them. Quartiles of FFMi (kg/m2 ) were used to calculate the odds ratios of having the MetS independently of FM, physical activity levels, and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS decreased with increasing quartiles of whole-body FFM% (Q1: 40%; Q4: 10%) but grew with increasing quartiles of absolute FFM (Q1: 13%; Q4: 40%) and FFMi (Q1: 10%; Q4: 44%). Similar results were observed for appendicular and truncal FFM. The odds ratios of having the MetS, independently of fat mass, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables, were significantly greater in the fourth quartile of FFMi when compared with the first quartiles of each specific subgroup [Q4 vs. Q1: younger men: 4.16 (1.99-8.68); younger women: 5.74 (2.46-13.39); older men: 1.98 (1.22-3.22); older women: 2.88 (1.69-4.90); all P ≤ 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS These results support the notion that the representation of FFM significantly influences its association with MetS and that a larger FFM, whether absolute or relative to height, is associated with alterations in cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Lagacé
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alexis Marcotte-Chenard
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jasmine Paquin
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Dominic Tremblay
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Brochu
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle J Dionne
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been reported to extremely vary depending on the gender, age, and ethnicity studied. Approximately, 25% of the worldwide adult population is affected by metabolic syndrome, indicating it as a significantly important public health challenge. Likewise, fragility fracture represents an important public health issue too, and the lifetime residual risk of its occurrence has been established in 50% in women and 30% in men over 50 years of age, respectively. Dysmobility syndrome summarizes a cluster of co-existing conditions such as osteoporosis, sarcopenia, obesity. Currently, clinical research focuses essentially on the cardiovascular risks associated with metabolic syndrome. Today, it is conceivable to incorporate all these conditions under a generic "disorder of energy metabolism." EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Animal and human studies suggest metabolic and dysmobility syndromes negatively impact on the risk for fragility fracture, contributing to increase the associated mortality rate. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS In recent years, strong correlation between type 2 diabetes, a frequent constitutive part of metabolic syndrome and fragility fracture risk has been reported, but the possible molecular mechanisms by which it can occur are still to be defined. CONCLUSIONS Only very few human clinical studies faced these aspects, but they lack adequate endpoints for a good clinical practice in these subjects. Much more still needs to be done before appropriate therapeutic diagnostic pathways will be available for these patients at risk of bone and even generalized fragility. Suggestions for a future overall approach by generating global risk score for these conditions are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cosso
- Section of Bone and Mineral Diseases, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Section of Bone and Mineral Diseases, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy - .,Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes, Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Liu W, Wang C, Hao J, Yin L, Wang Y, Li W. Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:6691487. [PMID: 34354749 PMCID: PMC8331299 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6691487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reached mixed conclusions regarding the association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and osteoporosis. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis based on published studies that explored the association between osteoporosis and MS. METHODS To identify related literature, a systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases from inception to June 2020 was performed. Original studies that reported the risk estimates of osteoporosis morbidity for two or three categories of bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with MS were selected. Two independent investigators screened and selected the articles. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS Of 2632 identified studies, nine cross-sectional studies with 14 datasets were eligible for our meta-analysis. In seven studies (10 datasets), the summarized ORs of osteoporosis for MS were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.52-0.99). Subgroup analyses by gender showed that significant inverse associations were observed only in men (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55-0.96) but not in women (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.41-1.22). The definition of MS, the source of the study population, and the adjustment of covariates affected the estimates. In two studies (4 datasets), there was no evidence for an association between MS and decreased BMD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that MS was significantly associated with a lower osteoporosis risk. There might be gender differences in the association between MS and osteoporosis. In addition, the association was likely to relate to the definition of MS, the source of the study population, and the adjustment of covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weida Liu
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102300, China
| | - Chuangshi Wang
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102300, China
| | - Jun Hao
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102300, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102300, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102300, China
| | - Wei Li
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102300, China
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Tükel HC, Delilbaşı E. Effects of metabolic syndrome on jawbones and bone metabolic markers in sucrose-fed rats. Odontology 2019; 107:457-464. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00422-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Ahmad F, Ima-Nirwana S. Exploring the potential of tocotrienol from Bixa orellana as a single agent targeting metabolic syndrome and bone loss. Bone 2018; 116:8-21. [PMID: 29990585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with osteoporosis due to the underlying inflammatory and hormonal changes. Annatto tocotrienol has been shown to improve medical complications associated with MetS or bone loss in animal studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of annatto tocotrienol as a single treatment for MetS and osteoporosis in high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet-induced MetS animals. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. The baseline group was euthanized at the onset of the study. The normal group received standard rat chow and tap water. The remaining groups received HCHF diet and treated with three different regimens orally daily: (a) tocopherol-stripped corn oil (the vehicle of tocotrienol), (b) 60 mg/kg annatto tocotrienol, and (c) 100 mg/kg annatto tocotrienol. At the end of the study, measurements of MetS parameters, body compositions, and bone mineral density were performed in animals before sacrifice. Upon euthanasia, blood and femur of the rats were harvested for the evaluations of bone microstructure, biomechanical strength, remodelling activities, hormonal changes, and inflammatory response. Treatment with annatto tocotrienol improved all MetS parameters (except abdominal obesity), trabecular bone microstructure, bone strength, increased osteoclast number, normalized hormonal changes and inflammatory response in the HCHF animals. In conclusion, annatto tocotrienol is a potential agent for managing MetS and osteoporosis concurrently. The beneficial effects of annatto tocotrienol may be attributed to its ability to prevent the hormonal changes and pro-inflammatory state in animals with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farihah Hj Suhaimi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fairus Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Ahmad F, Ima-Nirwana S. The Effects of Vitamin E from Elaeis guineensis (Oil Palm) in a Rat Model of Bone Loss Due to Metabolic Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091828. [PMID: 30149518 PMCID: PMC6164987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of vitamin E in improving components of MetS or bone loss have been established. This study aimed to investigate the potential of palm vitamin E (PVE) as a single agent, targeting MetS and bone loss concurrently, using a MetS animal model. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The baseline group was sacrificed upon arrival. The normal group was given standard rat chow. The remaining three groups were fed with high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet and treated with tocopherol-stripped corn oil (vehicle), 60 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg PVE. At the end of the study, the rats were evaluated for MetS parameters and bone density. After euthanasia, blood and femurs were harvested for the evaluation of lipid profile, bone histomorphometric analysis, and remodeling markers. PVE improved blood pressure, glycemic status, and lipid profile; increased osteoblast surface, osteoid surface, bone volume, and trabecular thickness, as well as decreased eroded surface and single-labeled surface. Administration of PVE also significantly reduced leptin level in the HCHF rats. PVE is a potential agent in concurrently preventing MetS and protecting bone loss. This may be, in part, achieved by reducing the leptin level and modulating the bone remodeling activity in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Farihah Hj Suhaimi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Fairus Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Chen DZ, Xu QM, Wu XX, Cai C, Zhang LJ, Shi KQ, Shi HY, Li LJ. The Combined Effect of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome on Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Females in Eastern China. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:2314769. [PMID: 30151008 PMCID: PMC6087573 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2314769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the potential combined effects of NAFLD and MetS on the development of osteoporosis. The relationship between NAFLD and MetS and osteoporosis was assessed in 938 postmenopausal female participants. Moderate and severe NAFLDs were combined as significant NAFLD (SNAFLD). All the subjects were divided into 4 subgroups based on the status of SNAFLD and MetS. Relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP) of interaction, and synergy index (SI) were used to investigate the additive interaction of those two factors. NAFLD, SNAFLD, and MetS were independent factors for osteoporosis with the adjustment of age and other confounders. The incidence of osteoporosis in MetS (+) SNAFLD (+) group was significantly higher than that in other three groups. RERI was 2.556 (95% CI = 0.475-4.636), AP was 0.454 (95% CI = 0.201-0.706), and SI was 2.231 (95% CI = 1.124 to 4.428), indicating the significant combined interaction of SNAFLD and MetS on the development of osteoporosis. SNAFLD and MetS are independent risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal females, respectively. Moreover, SNAFLD and MetS have an additive effect on the development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qiao-Mai Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ling-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ke-Qing Shi
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 2 Fuxue Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hong-Ying Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lan-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Effects of metabolic syndrome on bone mineral density, histomorphometry and remodelling markers in male rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192416. [PMID: 29420594 PMCID: PMC5805301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) induced by high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet on bone mineral density (BMD), histomorphometry and remodelling markers in male rats. Twelve male Wistar rats aged 12 weeks old were randomized into two groups. The normal group was given standard rat chow while the HCHF group was given HCHF diet to induce MetS. Abdominal circumference, blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile were measured for the confirmation of MetS. Bone mineral density, histomorphometry and remodelling markers were evaluated for the confirmation of bone loss. The HCHF diet caused central obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia in male rats. No significant difference was observed in whole body bone mineral content and BMD between the normal and HCHF rats (p>0.05). For bone histomorphometric parameters, HCHF diet-fed animals had significantly lower osteoblast surface, osteoid surface, osteoid volume, and significantly higher eroded surface; resulting in a reduction in trabecular bone volume (p<0.05). Feeding on HCHF diet caused a significantly higher CTX-1 level (p<0.05), but did not cause any significant change in osteocalcin level compared to normal rats (p>0.05). In conclusion, HCHF diet-induced MetS causes imbalance in bone remodelling, leading to the deterioration of trabecular bone structure.
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Wong SK, Chin KY, Suhaimi FH, Ahmad F, Jamil NA, Ima-Nirwana S. Osteoporosis is associated with metabolic syndrome induced by high-carbohydrate high-fat diet in a rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 98:191-200. [PMID: 29257979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the bone quality in rats induced with metabolic syndrome (MetS) using high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet. Male Wistar rats (n = 14) were randomized into two groups. The normal group was given standard rat chow. The MetS group was given HCHF diet. Diet regimen was assigned for a period of 20 weeks. Metabolic syndrome parameters were measured monthly until MetS was established. Left tibiae were scanned using micro-computed tomography at week 0, 8, 12, 16, and 20 to analyze the trabecular and cortical bone structure. At the end of the study, rats were euthanized and their bones were harvested for analysis. Metabolic syndrome was established at week 12 in the HCHF rats. Significant deterioration of trabecular bone was observed at week 20 in the HCHF group (p < 0.05). The HCHF diet also decreased cortical and tissue area significantly (p < 0.05), but did not affect cortical thickness and bone calcium content (p > 0.05). Femur length and width in the HCHF group were significantly shorter than the normal group (p < 0.05). The biomechanical strength test showed that the femur of the HCHF rats could endure significantly lower force, but significantly higher displacement and strain compared to the normal rats (p < 0.05). In conclusion, HCHF diet-induced MetS can cause adverse effects on the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farihah Hj Suhaimi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fairus Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aini Jamil
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Osteoporosis: A Review. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060347. [PMID: 27338453 PMCID: PMC4924188 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis are two major healthcare problems worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of medical conditions consisting of central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, in which each acts on bone tissue in different ways. The growing prevalence of MetS and osteoporosis in the population along with the controversial findings on the relationship between both conditions suggest the importance for further investigation and discussion on this topic. This review aims to assess the available evidence on the effects of each component of MetS on bone metabolism from the conventional to the contemporary. Previous studies suggested that the two conditions shared some common underlying pathways, which include regulation of calcium homeostasis, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of the NF-κB (RANK)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathways. In conclusion, we suggest that MetS may have a potential role in developing osteoporosis and more studies are necessary to further prove this hypothesis.
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Lee K. Metabolic Syndrome and Decreased Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Relation to Muscle Mass. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:404-409. [PMID: 27077710 DOI: 10.1089/met.2016.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the association between decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to muscle mass. METHODS Body composition was measured in 3351 men and 4394 women aged between 19 and 97 years using the 2010-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and low and high muscle mass. Groups were identified using the mean sex-specific appendicular muscle mass/height2. eGFR was computed using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation; MetS was defined by the Harmonized definition and International Diabetes Federation criteria. RESULTS When stratified by muscle mass and adjusted for covariates, MetS was not associated with decreased eGFR in men with high muscle mass, but was associated in men with low muscle mass (odds ratio 3.19-3.87). MetS was associated with decreased eGFR in women with high (odds ratio 2.41-2.68) and low (odds ratio 2.45-2.55) muscle mass. Men with MetS and low muscle mass, women with MetS and high muscle mass, and women with MetS and low muscle mass had 2.95-3.21, 2.23-2.59, and 2.75-2.76 times higher odds for decreased eGFR, respectively, compared with their MetS-free and high muscle mass counterparts, after adjusting for covariates. The odds ratio was not significant for men with high muscle mass and MetS. CONCLUSIONS MetS was associated with decreased eGFR in women, regardless of muscle mass, and in men with low muscle mass. High muscle mass in men may attenuate the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine , Busan, South Korea
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