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Teng K, Li X, Huang T, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Rousitemu N, Lan T, Wen Y. Characterization of gut microbiota in the Uyghur osteopenia population. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20208. [PMID: 39215072 PMCID: PMC11364662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the composition of gut microbiota and its relationship with bone loss in the Uyghur osteopenia population, identify potential disease-related taxa and collect information for the prevention and treatment of osteopenia in different people by regulating gut microbiota. We selected Uyghur residents, measured their heel BMD, collected faeces and general information, grouped them by BMD level, obtained faecal 16S rRNA sequences, and compared and analysed the differences between the groups. This study showed that the numbers of OTUs and species in the gut microbiota in the osteopenia group were higher than those in the control. At the phylum level, Erysipelotrichia was more abundant in the osteopenia group. At the genus level, Phascolarctobacterium was less abundant, and Ruminiclostridium_5 was more abundant in the osteopenia group compared to the control. Phascolarctobacterium and Z-score were positively correlated, and Ruminiclostridium_5 was negatively correlated with T and Z score. The different composition of the gut microbiota in Uyghur osteopenia patients and controls found in this study fills a knowledge gap in this ethnic group. The relationship between Uyghur osteopenia and BMD-associated bacterial genera deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunchen Teng
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qiuxi Zhang
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Namuna Rousitemu
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Youfeng Wen
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
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Ribeiro JL, Santos TA, Garcia MT, Carvalho BFDC, Esteves JECS, Moraes RM, Anbinder AL. Heat-killed Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice: A preliminary study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304358. [PMID: 38820403 PMCID: PMC11142514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an important health problem that occurs due to an imbalance between bone formation and resorption. Hormonal deficiency post-menopause is a significant risk factor. The probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri has been reported to prevent ovariectomy (Ovx)-induced bone loss in mice and reduce bone loss in postmenopausal women. Despite the numerous health benefits of probiotics, as they are live bacteria, the administration is not risk-free for certain groups (e.g., neonates and immunosuppressed patients). We evaluated the effects of L. reuteri (ATCC PTA 6475) and its heat-killed (postbiotic) form on Ovx-induced bone loss. Adult female mice (BALB/c) were randomly divided into four groups: group C-control (sham); group OVX-C-Ovx; group OVX-POS-Ovx + heat-killed probiotic; group OVX-PRO-Ovx + probiotic. L. reuteri or the postbiotic was administered to the groups (1.3x109 CFU/day) by gavage. Bacterial morphology after heat treatment was accessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The treatment started one week after Ovx and lasted 28 days (4 weeks). The animals were euthanized at the end of the treatment period. Bone microarchitecture and ileum Occludin and pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression were evaluated by computed microtomography and qPCR techniques, respectively. The Ovx groups had lower percentage of bone volume (BV/TV) and number of bone trabeculae as well as greater total porosity compared to the control group. Treatment with live and heat-killed L. reuteri resulted in higher BV/TV and trabecular thickness than the Ovx group. The heat treatment caused some cell surface disruptions, but its structure resembled that of the live probiotic in SEM analysis. There were no statistical differences in Occludin, Il-6 and Tnf-α gene expression. Both viable and heat-killed L. reuteri prevented bone loss on ovariectomized mice, independently of gut Occludin and intestinal Il-6 and Tnf-α gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Lemes Ribeiro
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís Aguiar Santos
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maíra Terra Garcia
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fernandes do Carmo Carvalho
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Mendonça Moraes
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lia Anbinder
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos (São Paulo State University–Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Putra NE, Zhou J, Zadpoor AA. Sustainable Sources of Raw Materials for Additive Manufacturing of Bone-Substituting Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301837. [PMID: 37535435 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for sustainable development has never been more urgent, as the world continues to struggle with environmental challenges, such as climate change, pollution, and dwindling natural resources. The use of renewable and recycled waste materials as a source of raw materials for biomaterials and tissue engineering is a promising avenue for sustainable development. Although tissue engineering has rapidly developed, the challenges associated with fulfilling the increasing demand for bone substitutes and implants remain unresolved, particularly as the global population ages. This review provides an overview of waste materials, such as eggshells, seashells, fish residues, and agricultural biomass, that can be transformed into biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. While the development of recycled metals is in its early stages, the use of probiotics and renewable polymers to improve the biofunctionalities of bone implants is highlighted. Despite the advances of additive manufacturing (AM), studies on AM waste-derived bone-substitutes are limited. It is foreseeable that AM technologies can provide a more sustainable alternative to manufacturing biomaterials and implants. The preliminary results of eggshell and seashell-derived calcium phosphate and rice husk ash-derived silica can likely pave the way for more advanced applications of AM waste-derived biomaterials for sustainably addressing several unmet clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko E Putra
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
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Prajapati N, Patel J, Singh S, Yadav VK, Joshi C, Patani A, Prajapati D, Sahoo DK, Patel A. Postbiotic production: harnessing the power of microbial metabolites for health applications. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1306192. [PMID: 38169918 PMCID: PMC10758465 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1306192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics, which are bioactive substances derived from the metabolic processes of beneficial microbes, have received considerable attention in the field of microbiome science in recent years, presenting a promising path for exploration and innovation. This comprehensive analysis looks into the multidimensional terrain of postbiotic production, including an extensive examination of diverse postbiotic classes, revealing their sophisticated mechanisms of action and highlighting future applications that might significantly affect human health. The authors thoroughly investigate the various mechanisms that support postbiotic production, ranging from conventional fermentation procedures to cutting-edge enzyme conversion and synthetic biology approaches. The review, as an acknowledgment of the field's developing nature, not only highlights current achievements but also navigates through the problems inherent in postbiotic production. In order to successfully include postbiotics in therapeutic interventions and the production of functional food ingredients, emphasis is given to critical elements, including improving yields, bolstering stability, and assuring safety. The knowledge presented herein sheds light on the expanding field of postbiotics and their potential to revolutionize the development of novel therapeutics and functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Prajapati
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jinil Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sachidanand Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Energy and Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Knowledge Corridor, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Chinmayi Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anil Patani
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dharmendra Prajapati
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
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Araujo LDC, Segato RAB, Reis TDPC, Salvador SLDS, Furlaneto FAC, Messora MR, Nelson-Filho P, Almeida LKYD, Lucisano MP, Silva CMPC, Silva LABD. Effect of systemic administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 on apical periodontitis. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e115. [PMID: 37970935 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) HN019 in drinking water on the development of apical periodontitis (AP) in rats. In total 60 animals were divided into a control group (sound teeth); Group I - regular water without AP; Group II - probiotic water without AP; Group III - regular water with AP; Group IV - probiotic water with AP. AP was induced after 3 days in the control groups and after 7, 21, and 42 days in groups III and IV. The animals were euthanized, and the mandibles were subjected to histotechnical processing. Samples were stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) to identify root canal features, apical and periapical regions. Additionally, histoenzymology was performed to detect osteoclasts, immunohistochemistry was used to identify osteoclastogenesis markers, and the Brown & Brenn technique was applied for microbiological analysis. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.1 with a significance level of 5%. Although no statistical differences were observed, the groups administered with probiotics showed better conditions in terms of histological aspects seen microscopically. Furthermore, there were no differences in the number of osteoclasts (p > 0.05). The RANKL marker was not found in the probiotic group at 42 days, unlike in group III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Danielly Curcino Araujo
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra Segato
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís de Paula Colen Reis
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luis de Souza Salvador
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Chaves Furlaneto
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel Reis Messora
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lana Kei Yamamoto de Almeida
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília Pacífico Lucisano
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Clara Marina Pereira Cavalcanti Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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6
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Xiao X, Wang J, Zhu Y, Deng B, Liu Y, Wang S, Hou T, Song T. Phytosterols Protect against Osteoporosis by Regulating Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14539-14549. [PMID: 37756430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is increasingly prevalent worldwide, representing a major health burden. However, there is a lack of nutritional strategies for osteoporotic therapy. Phytosterols, as natural bioactive compounds, have the potential to alleviate osteoporosis. In this study, a glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis mouse model and treatment with low and high concentrations of phytosterols for 4 weeks were established. The results demonstrated that compared to the control group, low-concentration phytosterols (LP) (0.3 mg/mL) increased bone mass, improved trabecular microstructure, reduced serum levels of cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1), and elevated serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3). Conversely, high-concentration phytosterols (0.5 mg/mL) showed no effect. Additionally, we validated the effect of LP in ameliorating osteoporosis using an ovariectomized (OVX)-induced osteoporosis mouse model. Mechanistically, phytosterols altered the microbial composition to counteract glucocorticoid-induced gut microbiota disorder and improve the length and morphology of the small intestine. Particularly, based on selection strategy and correlation analysis, phytosterols increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus and decreased the relative abundance of Bilophila, which were significantly associated with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis indications. Overall, these findings suggest that phytosterols regulate gut microbiota to increase bone mass, thereby exerting an antiosteoporotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yucheng Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bohua Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaoshuai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tongxing Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
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Araujo LDC, da Silva RAB, Silva CMPC, Salvador SLS, Messora MR, Furlaneto FAC, Mastrange MDA, Pucinelli CM, da Silva LAB. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 has antimicrobial activity against endodontic pathogens in vitro. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2289-2295. [PMID: 37632683 PMCID: PMC10484865 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in vitro, the antimicrobial activity of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019, through the well technique, against 10 microorganisms can be found involved in endodontic infections. The antimicrobial activity of the probiotic was performed on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lacticaseibacillus casei, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia. For the control group, it was used non-pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Kocuria rizhopilla. After 48 to 72 h of incubation of the petri dishes containing the culture medium, the microorganism strains, and the probiotic, the plates were examined to assess the uniformity of microbial growth, presence of contaminants, and the halo of inhibition. After visual inspection, the reading of the halo of inhibition was performed with the aid of a digital caliper using a reflected light source to illuminate the inverted plate on a black, opaque background after removing the cap. Thus, 3 values were obtained from each bacterial inoculum, which were added and divided by three to obtain the average of the values. The results of the in vitro study demonstrated that the probiotic B. animalis subsp. lactis HN019 promoted the inhibition of all strains of the pathogens evaluated, with the exception of Candida albicans, demonstrating antimicrobial activity on these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Danielly Curcino Araujo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Luiz Sousa Salvador
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Michel Reis Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Chaves Furlaneto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marina Del Arco Mastrange
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Maschietto Pucinelli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Zhang YW, Cao MM, Li YJ, Sheng RW, Zhang RL, Wu MT, Chi JY, Zhou RX, Rui YF. The Preventive Effects of Probiotic Prevotella histicola on the Bone Loss of Mice with Ovariectomy-Mediated Osteoporosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040950. [PMID: 37110373 PMCID: PMC10146713 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the disturbance of gut microbiota (GM) is closely related to the reduction of bone mass and incidence of osteoporosis (OP). The aim of this study is to investigate whether the supplementation of Prevotella histicola (Ph) can prevent the bone loss in mice with ovariectomy (OVX)-mediated OP, and further explore relevant mechanisms. Regular (once a day for 8 consecutive weeks) and quantitative (200 µL/d) perfusion of Ph (the bacteria that orally gavaged) was conducted starting from 1 week after the construction of mice models. Bone mass and bone microstructure were detected by Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Expressions of intestinal permeability, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and osteogenic and osteoclastic activities of mice were analyzed by histological staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing technique was applied to analyze the alterations of composition, abundance, and diversity of collected feces. Regular and quantitative perfusion of Ph mitigated the bone loss in mice with OVX-mediated OP. Compared with OVX + PBS group, perfusion of Ph repressed osteoclastogenesis and promoted osteogenesis, reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokine cytokines (interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), and reversed expressions of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) and Occludin). Besides, the perfusion of Ph improved the composition, abundance, and diversity of GM. Collectively, this study revealed that regular and quantitative perfusion of Ph can improve the bone loss in mice with OVX-mediated OP by repairing intestinal mucosal barrier damage, optimizing intestinal permeability, inhibiting release of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines, and improving disturbance of GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mu-Min Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying-Juan Li
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ren-Wang Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng-Ting Wu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia-Yu Chi
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rui-Xin Zhou
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yun-Feng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Can probiotics decrease the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women? PHARMANUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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10
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Moringa oleifera leaf attenuate osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats by modulating gut microbiota composition and MAPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114434. [PMID: 36841025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera leaf (MLP) contains abundant complex nutrients with anti-osteoporosis potential. However, its efficacy and mechanisms against osteoporosis remain unknown. The purpose of this research is to investigate MLP's anti-osteoporotic effects and mechanisms. Animal experiments were used in this work to validate MLP's anti-osteoporotic efficacy. We investigated the mode of action of MLP, analyzed its impact on the gut microbiota, and predicted and validated its anti-osteoporosis-related molecular targets and pathways through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and western blotting. In an ovariectomized osteoporosis rat model, MLP significantly increased bone mineral density and improved bone metabolism-related indicators, bone microstructure, and lipid profile. Moreover, it improved gut microbiota composition and increased the expression of Occludin and Claudin-1 protein in the duodenum. Network pharmacology identified a total of 97 active ingredients and 478 core anti-osteoporosis targets. Of these, MAPK1 (also known as ERK2), MAPK3 (also known as ERK1), and MAPK8 (also known as JNK) were successfully docked with the active constituents of MLP. Interestingly, MLP increased ERK and VAV3 protein expression and decreased p-ERK and JNK protein expression in the femur. These findings confirm MLP's anti-osteoporotic efficacy, which could be mediated via regulation of gut microbiota and MAPK signaling.
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Use of the Probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 in Oral Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169334. [PMID: 36012597 PMCID: PMC9409207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is one of the environments on the human body with the highest concentrations of microorganisms that coexist harmoniously and maintain homeostasis related to oral health. Several local factors can shift the microbiome to a pathogenic state of dysbiosis. Existing treatments for infections caused by changes in the oral cavity aim to control biofilm dysbiosis and restore microbial balance. Studies have used probiotics as treatments for oral diseases, due to their ability to reduce the pathogenicity of the microbiota and immunoinflammatory changes. This review investigates the role of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) HN019 in oral health, and its mechanism of action in pre-clinical and clinical studies. This probiotic strain is a lactic acid bacterium that is safe for human consumption. It mediates bacterial co-aggregation with pathogens and modulates the immune response. Studies using B. lactis HN019 in periodontitis and peri-implant mucositis have shown it to be a potential adjuvant treatment with beneficial microbiological and immunological effects. Studies evaluating its oral effects and mechanism of action show that this probiotic strain has the potential to be used in several dental applications because of its benefit to the host.
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12
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Lawenius L, Colldén H, Horkeby K, Wu J, Grahnemo L, Vandenput L, Ohlsson C, Sjögren K. A probiotic mix partially protects against castration-induced bone loss in male mice. J Endocrinol 2022; 254:91-101. [PMID: 35661635 PMCID: PMC9254303 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized mice show that the probiotic mix Lacticaseibacillus paracasei DSM13434, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DSM 15312 and DSM 15313 (L. Mix) can protect from bone loss caused by sex steroid deficiency. Whether probiotic bacteria can protect bone also in sex steroid-deficient males is less studied. We used the orchiectomized mouse as a model for age-dependent bone loss caused by decreasing sex hormone levels in males. We treated 10-week-old male mice with either vehicle (veh) or L. Mix for 6 weeks, starting 2 weeks before orchiectomy (orx) or sham surgery. Importantly, mice treated with L. Mix had a general increase in total body bone mineral density (BMD) and lean mass (P ≤ 0.05) compared with veh-treated mice. Detailed computer tomography analysis of dissected bones showed increased trabecular BMD of the distal metaphyseal region of the femur in L. Mix compared to veh-treated orx mice (+8.0%, P ≤ 0.05). In the vertebra, L. Mix treatment increased trabecular bone volume fraction BV/TV (+11.5%, P ≤ 0.05) compared to veh in orx mice. Also, L. Mix increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as propionate and acetate and important intermediates in SCFA synthesis such as succinate and lactate in the cecal content of male mice. In conclusion, L. Mix treatment resulted in a general increase in BMD in adult male mice and prevented trabecular bone loss in femur and vertebra of orx mice. These bone protective effects of L. Mix were associated with increased levels of SCFAs in the cecal content of male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lawenius
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hannah Colldén
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Horkeby
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jianyao Wu
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Grahnemo
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Klara Sjögren
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Cheng J, Zhong WL, Zhao JW, Zhai JH, Chen C, Chao AJ, Ren Z, Zhou L, Wang BM. Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota affect absorption of cholecalciferol in severe osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:478-486. [PMID: 35103840 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the relationship between the gut microbial composition and intestinal cholecalciferol absorption in patients with severe osteoporosis (SOP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen patients with primary osteoporosis (OP) and 18 with SOP were included. Their clinical data were collected and their circulating concentrations of cholecalciferol and 25(OH)D3 were measured. Fecal samples were collected and their microbial contents were analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing. RESULTS The age, sex, body mass index, and body mass of the participants did not differ between the groups. The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the participants with SOP was significantly higher than that in the participants with OP. There were significant differences in the 25(OH)D3 and cholecalciferol concentrations between participants with SOP or OP and there was a significant positive correlation between the concentrations of these substance. The diversity of the gut microbiota in participants with SOP was significantly higher than that in participants with OP. Firmicutes was more abundant in the SOP group and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in participants with SOP was higher. Conversely, Bifidobacterium was significantly less abundant, as were the order and family it belongs to. At the species level, Bifidobacterium was the most significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION Differences in the intestinal microecology, especially Bifidobacterium, are associated with differences in the absorption of cholecalciferol and in the circulating 25(OH)D3 concentration, which may influence the progression of OP to SOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Gastroenterology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthointernal, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Long Zhong
- Gastroenterology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Wen Zhao
- Gastroenterology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhai
- Gastroenterology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Gastroenterology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ai-Jun Chao
- Department of Orthointernal, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Department of Orthointernal, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Gastroenterology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Bang-Mao Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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14
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Orwoll ES, Parimi N, Wiedrick J, Lapidus J, Napoli N, Wilkinson JE, Huttenhower C, Langsetmo L, Kiel DP. Analysis of the Associations Between the Human Fecal Microbiome and Bone Density, Structure, and Strength: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Cohort. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:597-607. [PMID: 35119137 PMCID: PMC9605688 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In preclinical models, the composition and function of the gut microbiota have been linked to bone growth and homeostasis, but there are few available data from studies of human populations. In a hypothesis-generating experiment in a large cohort of community-dwelling older men (n = 831; age range, 78-98 years), we explored the associations between fecal microbial profiles and bone density, microarchitecture, and strength measured with total hip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) (distal radius, distal and diaphyseal tibia). Fecal samples were collected and the 16S rRNA gene V4 hypervariable region sequenced. Sequences were bioinformatically processed through the DADA2 pipeline and then taxonomically assigned using SILVA. Generalized linear models as implemented in microbiome multivariable association with linear models (MaAsLin 2) were used to test for associations between skeletal measures and specific microbial genera. The abundances of four bacterial genera were weakly associated with bone density, structure, or strength (false discovery rate [FDR] ≤ 0.05), and the measured directions of associations of genera were generally consistent across multiple bone measures, supporting a role for microbiota on skeletal homeostasis. However, the associated effect sizes were small (log2 fold change < ±0.35), limiting power to confidently identify these associations even with high resolution skeletal imaging phenotypes, and we assessed the resulting implications for the design of future cohort-based studies. As in analogous examples from genomewide association studies, we find that larger cohort sizes will likely be needed to confidently identify associations between the fecal microbiota and skeletal health relying on 16S sequencing. Our findings bolster the view that the gut microbiome is associated with clinically important measures of bone health, while also indicating the challenges in the design of cohort-based microbiome studies. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Orwoll
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Neeta Parimi
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jack Wiedrick
- Biostatistics & Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jodi Lapidus
- Biostatistics & Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Oregon Health & Science University - Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeremy E Wilkinson
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Langsetmo
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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15
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He W, Xie Z, Thøgersen R, Rasmussen MK, Zachariassen LF, Jørgensen NR, Nørgaard JV, Andersen HJ, Nielsen DS, Hansen AK, Bertram HC. Effects of Calcium Source, Inulin, and Lactose on Gut-Bone Associations in an Ovarierectomized Rat Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100883. [PMID: 35107857 PMCID: PMC9287054 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Osteoporosis poses a health challenge especially for postmenopausal women. This study aims to explore nutritional strategies to counteract bone demineralization in ovarierectomized (OVX) rats. METHODS AND RESULTS OVX rats (n = 49) are fed with one of six different diets, where two different calcium sources (dairy calcium or calcium carbonate) are provided alone or in combination with either inulin (5%) or lactose (0.5%). In addition, a calcium-deficient diet is included. Calcium supplementation increases intestinal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the abundance of fecal Acinetobacter and Propionibacterium. Accompanied with these effects, rats fed with calcium-fortified diets have higher bone mineral density, bone mineral content and femur mechanical strength, lower serum levels of bone markers, and lower expression of calcium absorption-related genes (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 (TRPV6), calcium-binding protein (CaBP) compared with control. Inulin supplementation results in a markedly increased production of intestinal SCFAs, a decreased intestinal pH, an increased abundance of Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium, and an increased expression of Trpv6. Inulin and lactose show beneficial effects on spine bone. CONCLUSION Calcium modulates gut microbiome composition and function. A pronounced effect of inulin on metabolic activity in the gastrointestinal tract is evident, and lactose supplementation decreases jejunal pH that might be associated with slightly enhanced bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei He
- Department of Food ScienceAarhus UniversityAgro Food Park 48Aarhus NDK‐8200Denmark
| | - Zhuqing Xie
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Rebekka Thøgersen
- Department of Food ScienceAarhus UniversityAgro Food Park 48Aarhus NDK‐8200Denmark
| | | | - Line F. Zachariassen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryRigshospitalet, GlostrupDenmark and Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | | | | | - Dennis S. Nielsen
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Axel K. Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
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16
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Khani N, Abedi Soleimani R, Noorkhajavi G, Abedi Soleimani A, Abbasi A, Homayouni Rad A. Postbiotics as Potential Promising Tools for SARS‐COV‐2 Disease Adjuvant Therapy. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:4097-4111. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.15457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Khani
- Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences Nutrition Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Roya Abedi Soleimani
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences Nutrition Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ghasem Noorkhajavi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Azar Abedi Soleimani
- Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Student Research Committee Department of Food Science and Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Aziz Homayouni Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences Nutrition Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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17
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El-Bagoory GKM, El-Guindy HM, Shoukheba MYM, El-Zamarany EA. The adjunctive effect of probiotics to nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2021; 25:525-531. [PMID: 34898919 PMCID: PMC8603793 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_114_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Probiotics catch more attention as adjunctive periodontal therapy. This study was conducted to assess the benefit of locally delivered Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) probiotic as an adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis clinically and microbiologically. Materials and Methods: Bacterial cultures and clinical evaluation were recorded in 20 sites of chronic periodontitis in 12 patients and followed up at 3 and 6 months from the start of intervention using clinical attachment level, probing pocket depth, plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing, and microbiologically for Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) load. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were scheduled within 1 week for two sessions of SRP. After SRP, oral hygiene measures were reassured, and sites were divided randomly into two groups 10 sites each. Group I received SRP only, while Group II received SRP and subgingival delivery of 1 ml of probiotic L. reuteri suspension at baseline and 1, 2, and 4 weeks using a blunt syringe. A periodontal pack was applied after the placement of the drug. Results: We found noticeable variation between the two groups in all evaluation aspects at 3 and 6-month follow-up periods except PI at 6 months in which there was no significant difference between both groups. Conclusions: The results proved the antimicrobial benefit of L. reuteri probiotic as a promising adjunctive therapy in improving periodontal parameters. However, further long-term studies with large sample size are needed to evaluate the extent of the added value of L. reuteri suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoda Mohamed El-Guindy
- Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta, Egypt
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18
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Billington EO, Mahajan A, Benham JL, Raman M. Effects of probiotics on bone mineral density and bone turnover: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-12. [PMID: 34748440 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1998760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic supplements have been shown to improve bone health in animal models, although it remains uncertain whether these beneficial effects extend to humans. We undertook a systematic review of the literature to determine the effects of probiotic interventions on skeletal outcomes in postmenopausal women. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from inception to October 2020 for controlled trials comparing the effects of probiotic-containing supplements with placebo on bone mineral density (BMD) or bone turnover markers. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 Tool. Of 338 records identified, six randomized, placebo-controlled trials (n = 632) were eligible for inclusion. All studies assessed postmenopausal women for durations of 6-12 months; three were considered to be at high risk of bias. Four studies examined Lactobacillus-containing probiotics, one assessed a proprietary blend of lactic acid bacteria, and one evaluated Bacillus subtilis. Effects of probiotic interventions on BMD were inconsistent, with the majority of studies demonstrating no benefit at the spine or hip. Probiotic effects on bone turnover markers were similarly heterogeneous. High quality studies are needed to determine whether probiotic interventions have a role in maintaining bone health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma O Billington
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amita Mahajan
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jamie L Benham
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maitreyi Raman
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Harahap IA, Suliburska J. Probiotics and Isoflavones as a Promising Therapeutic for Calcium Status and Bone Health: A Narrative Review. Foods 2021; 10:2685. [PMID: 34828966 PMCID: PMC8621960 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have potential clinical effects for treating and preventing osteoporosis. Meanwhile, isoflavones have attracted much attention due to their ability to prevent postmenopausal symptoms. Research has established that probiotics and isoflavones can regulate hormones, immune cells, and the gastrointestinal system, acting as links in the gut-bone axis. However, combining the effects of probiotics and isoflavones on calcium status and bone health is a more novel and a still-evolving research area. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are the foremost strains that influence bone health to a significant extent. Among the isoflavones, daidzein, genistein, and the metabolites of genistein (such as equol) stimulate bone formation. It can be concluded that probiotics and isoflavones promote bone health by regulating calcium uptake, gut microbiota, and various metabolic pathways that are associated with osteoblast activity and bone formation. Nevertheless, further experiments of probiotics and isoflavones are still necessary to confirm the association between calcium bioavailability and bone health.
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20
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Childs CE, Munblit D, Ulfman L, Gómez-Gallego C, Lehtoranta L, Recker T, Salminen S, Tiemessen M, Collado MC. Potential Biomarkers, Risk Factors and their Associations with IgE-mediated Food Allergy in Early Life: A Narrative Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:S2161-8313(22)00081-3. [PMID: 34596662 PMCID: PMC8970818 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy affects the quality of life of millions of people worldwide and presents a significant psychological and financial burden for both national and international public health. In the past few decades, the prevalence of allergic disease has been on the rise worldwide. Identified risk factors for food allergy include family history, mode of delivery, variations in infant feeding practices, prior diagnosis of other atopic diseases such as eczema, and social economic status. Identifying reliable biomarkers which predict the risk of developing food allergy in early life would be valuable in both preventing morbidity and mortality and by making current interventions available at the earliest opportunity. There is also the potential to identify new therapeutic targets. This narrative review provides details on the genetic, epigenetic, dietary and microbiome influences upon the development of food allergy and synthesizes the currently available data indicating potential biomarkers. While there is a large body of research evidence available within each field of potential risk factors, there are very limited number of studies which span multiple methodological fields, for example including immunology, microbiome, genetic/epigenetic factors and dietary assessment. We recommend that further collaborative research with detailed cohort phenotyping is required to identify biomarkers, and whether these vary between at-risk populations and the wider population. The low incidence of oral food challenge confirmed food allergy in the general population, and the complexities of designing nutritional intervention studies will provide challenges for researchers to address in generating high quality, reliable and reproducible research findings. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Food allergy affects the quality of life of millions of people worldwide and presents a significant psychological and financial burden for both national and international public health. Identifying reliable biomarkers which predict the risk of developing food allergy would be valuable in both preventing morbidity and mortality and by making current interventions available at the earliest opportunity. This review provides details on the genetic, epigenetic, dietary and microbiome influences upon the development of food allergy. This helps in identifying reliable biomarkers to predict the risk of developing food allergy, which could be valuable in both preventing morbidity and mortality and by making interventions available at the earliest opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Childs
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Munblit
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child’s Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia,Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carlos Gómez-Gallego
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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21
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Probiotics as a New Regulator for Bone Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3582989. [PMID: 34394379 PMCID: PMC8355998 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3582989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the proposed role of the gut microbiota-bone axis, findings on the association between probiotic consumption and bone health are conflicting. This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of probiotic consumption on bone health parameters. A systematic literature search of relevant reports published in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Google scholar before December 2020 was conducted. All clinical trials or experimental studies, which examined the relationship between probiotic consumption and bone health parameters, were included. No limitation was applied during the search. After screening articles based on inclusion criteria, 44 studies remained. In clinical trials, probiotic consumption affects bone health parameters such as serum calcium levels (3.82; 95% CI: 1.05, 6.59 mmol/l), urinary calcium levels (4.85; 95% CI: 1.16, 8.53 mmol/l), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels (−5.53; 95% CI: −9.83, −0.86 ng/l). In most studies, Lactobacillus species such as L. helveticus, L. reuteri, and L. casei were consumed and women aged 50 years or older were assessed. Spinal and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) was not affected significantly by probiotic consumption. In 37 animal experiments, probiotic or symbiotic feeding mostly had effects on bone health parameters. Some strains of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus including L. reuteri, L. casei, L. paracasei, L. bulgaricus, and L. acidophilus have indicated beneficial effects on bone health parameters. In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that probiotic supplementation might improve bone health. Further studies are needed to decide on the best probiotic species and appropriate dosages.
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22
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Guo D, Zhao M, Xu W, He H, Li B, Hou T. Dietary interventions for better management of osteoporosis: An overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:125-144. [PMID: 34251926 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1944975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a public health concern and a cause of bone loss, increased risk of skeletal fracture, and a heavy economic burden. It is common in postmenopausal women and the elderly and is impacted by dietary factors, lifestyle and some secondary factors. Although many drugs are available for the treatment of osteoporosis, these therapies are accompanied by subsequent side effects. Hence, dietary interventions are highly important to prevent osteoporosis. This review was aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the roles of dietary nutrients derived from natural foods and of common dietary patterns in the regulation of osteoporosis. Nutrients from daily diets, such as unsaturated fatty acids, proteins, minerals, peptides, phytoestrogens, and prebiotics, can regulate bone metabolism and reverse bone loss. Meanwhile, these nutrients generally existed in food groups and certain dietary patterns also play critical roles in skeletal health. Appropriate dietary interventions (nutrients and dietary patterns) could be primary and effective strategies to prevent and treat osteoporosis across the lifespan for the consumers and food enterprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjun Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengge Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Dery B, Zaixiang L. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) as an Effective Tool for Determining the Morphology and Mechanism of Action of Functional Ingredients. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1939368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bede Dery
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Lou Zaixiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, PR China
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24
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Li C, Pi G, Li F. The Role of Intestinal Flora in the Regulation of Bone Homeostasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:579323. [PMID: 33777828 PMCID: PMC7994858 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.579323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal flora located within the intestinal tract comprises a large number of cells, which are referred to as the second gene pool of the human body and form a complex symbiotic relationship with the host. The knowledge of the complex interaction between the intestinal flora and various life activities of the host is a novel and rapidly expanding field. Recently, many studies are being conducted on the relationship between the intestinal flora and bone homeostasis and indicate that the intestinal flora can regulate bone homeostasis via the host immune, metabolic, and endocrine systems. What’s more, based on several clinical and preclinical pieces of evidence, changing the composition and function of the host intestinal flora through the application of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation is being considered to be a potential novel target for the regulation of bone homeostasis. Here, we searched relevant literature and reviewed the role of the intestinal flora in the regulation of bone homeostasis and its modulating interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guofu Pi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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25
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Ohlsson C, Lawenius L, Andersson A, Gustafsson K, Wu J, Lagerquist M, Movérare-Skrtic S, Islander U, Sjögren K. Mild stimulatory effect of a probiotic mix on bone mass when treatment is initiated 1.5 weeks after ovariectomy in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E591-E597. [PMID: 33522399 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00412.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies in humans and rodents show that probiotic bacteria can protect from bone loss caused by sex steroid deficiency. We showed earlier that a mixture of three probiotic bacteria, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei DSM13434, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DSM 15312, and DSM 15313 (L. mix), protects mice from ovariectomy (ovx)-induced bone loss when treatment was started 2 wk before sham and ovx surgery. In addition, the same probiotic treatment protected against lumbar spine bone loss in early postmenopausal women. In the present study, we wanted to evaluate the therapeutic potential of L. mix by starting treatment 1.5 wk after ovx when most of the rapid bone loss as a result of estrogen deficiency has already occurred. Treatment with L. mix for 5.5 wk increased the trabecular thickness but not the trabecular number in the proximal metaphyseal region of tibia compared with vehicle treatment. Cortical thickness and cortical area of the middiaphyseal part of the tibia were significantly decreased in ovx mice but not in L. mix-treated ovx mice. The bone-protective effects of L. mix in ovx mice were associated with a protection against ovx-induced reduction of the frequency of regulatory T-cells and of the expression of Tgfβ in the bone marrow. In conclusion, the probiotic L. mix exerted a mild stimulatory effect on trabecular and cortical bone width when treatment is initiated 1.5 wk after ovariectomy in mice. This effect was associated with effects on bone-protecting regulatory T-cells. The results suggest that L. mix may exert beneficial effects on bone mass when treatment is started after ovariectomy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The probiotic L. mix exerted a mild stimulatory effect on trabecular and cortical bone width when treatment is initiated 1.5 wk after ovariectomy in mice. This effect was associated with effects on bone-protecting regulatory T-cells. The results suggest that L. mix may exert beneficial effects on bone mass when treatment is started after ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lina Lawenius
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annica Andersson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Gustafsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jianyao Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Lagerquist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Movérare-Skrtic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Islander
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Klara Sjögren
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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26
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Hernandez CJ. Musculoskeletal microbiology: The utility of the microbiome in orthopedics. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:251-257. [PMID: 33245146 PMCID: PMC7855812 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The past 15 years have witnessed a renaissance in the study of the microbes that colonize the human body. The vast majority of the human microbiome resides within the gut. Alterations to the gut microbiome have been associated with the pathogenesis and progression of wide-ranging diseases throughout the body-including atherosclerosis, depression, and obesity. Our understanding of the effects of the gut microbiome on the musculoskeletal system remains in its infancy, but preclinical work has demonstrated an effect of the gut microbiome on the success of orthopedic surgical procedures, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and muscle mass. In this perspective I review preclinical findings demonstrating that an impaired presurgical gut microbiome can increase the likelihood of developing periprosthetic joint infection and how alterations in the gut microbiome can reduce bone strength by impairing bone tissue material properties. In addition to discussing these examples, I review the hypothesis that many chronic non-communicable diseases have become more prevalent in modern industrialized societies as a result of changes in the composition of the gut microbiome resulting from changes in environment/lifestyle (diet, sanitation, antibiotic use). The most burdensome musculoskeletal disorders are chronic and non-communicable and may therefore be related to generational shifts in the composition of the gut microbiome, a possibility I illustrate by reviewing changes in the prevalence of osteoarthritis over the last century. Microbiome-based therapeutics are potentially innocuous, inexpensive, and have the potential to be effective with only occasional use, making them attractive for addressing the needs of chronic and/or slowly progressing musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Hernandez
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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27
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Liu J, Liu J, Liu L, Zhang G, Zhou A, Peng X. The gut microbiota alteration and the key bacteria in Astragalus polysaccharides (APS)-improved osteoporosis. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Fisher L, Fisher A, Smith PN. Helicobacter pylori Related Diseases and Osteoporotic Fractures (Narrative Review). J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3253. [PMID: 33053671 PMCID: PMC7600664 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoporotic fractures (OFs) are common multifactorial and heterogenic disorders of increasing incidence. Helicobacter pylori (H.p.) colonizes the stomach approximately in half of the world's population, causes gastroduodenal diseases and is prevalent in numerous extra-digestive diseases known to be associated with OP/OF. The studies regarding relationship between H.p. infection (HPI) and OP/OFs are inconsistent. The current review summarizes the relevant literature on the potential role of HPI in OP, falls and OFs and highlights the reasons for controversies in the publications. In the first section, after a brief overview of HPI biological features, we analyze the studies evaluating the association of HPI and bone status. The second part includes data on the prevalence of OP/OFs in HPI-induced gastroduodenal diseases (peptic ulcer, chronic/atrophic gastritis and cancer) and the effects of acid-suppressive drugs. In the next section, we discuss the possible contribution of HPI-associated extra-digestive diseases and medications to OP/OF, focusing on conditions affecting both bone homeostasis and predisposing to falls. In the last section, we describe clinical implications of accumulated data on HPI as a co-factor of OP/OF and present a feasible five-step algorithm for OP/OF risk assessment and management in regard to HPI, emphasizing the importance of an integrative (but differentiated) holistic approach. Increased awareness about the consequences of HPI linked to OP/OF can aid early detection and management. Further research on the HPI-OP/OF relationship is needed to close current knowledge gaps and improve clinical management of both OP/OF and HPI-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Fisher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, Melbourne 3199, Australia
| | - Alexander Fisher
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, ACT Health, Canberra 2605, Australia;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Canberra Hospital, ACT Health, Canberra 2605, Australia;
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra 2605, Australia
| | - Paul N Smith
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Canberra Hospital, ACT Health, Canberra 2605, Australia;
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra 2605, Australia
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29
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Ilesanmi-Oyelere BL, Kruger MC. The Role of Milk Components, Pro-, Pre-, and Synbiotic Foods in Calcium Absorption and Bone Health Maintenance. Front Nutr 2020; 7:578702. [PMID: 33072800 PMCID: PMC7539038 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.578702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing peak bone mass during adolescence and reducing bone loss in later life are two approaches to reduce the risk of osteoporosis with aging. Osteoporosis affects a large proportion of the elderly population worldwide and the incidence is increasing. Milk consumption is an accepted strategy in building peak bone mass and therefore may reduce the risk of osteoporosis. In childhood calcium, phosphorous, and growth factors are the important components to support bone growth but in adults the positive influence on bone density/maintenance may also be due to other bioactive proteins/peptides or lipids in milk acting directly in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Lactose has been known to increase calcium absorption; galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are derived from lactose and are non-digestible oligosaccharides. They have been shown to improve mineral balance and bone properties as well as causing increases in bifidobacteria in the gut, therefore a prebiotic effect. Supplementation with fortified milk and dairy products with added prebiotics, increased both calcium and magnesium absorption and caused some modulation of gut microbiota in animals and humans. Fermented milk is now also recognized to contain highly active components such as vitamins, peptides, oligosaccharides, and organic acids. In this review, the role of milk and milk components in improving calcium absorption and thereby supporting bone health is discussed. In addition, some reference is made to the significance of combining the inherent beneficial components from milk with fortificants/nutrients that will support bone health through adulthood. Novel data suggesting differences in diversity of the microbiota between healthy and osteoporotic women are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolaji L Ilesanmi-Oyelere
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Marlena C Kruger
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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30
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Moran MM, Wilson BM, Li J, Engen PA, Naqib A, Green SJ, Virdi AS, Plaas A, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A, Sumner DR. The gut microbiota may be a novel pathogenic mechanism in loosening of orthopedic implants in rats. FASEB J 2020; 34:14302-14317. [PMID: 32931052 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001364r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Particles released from implants cause inflammatory bone loss, which is a key factor in aseptic loosening, the most common reason for joint replacement failure. With the anticipated increased incidence of total joint replacement in the next decade, implant failure will continue to burden patients. The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as an important factor in bone physiology, however, its role in implant loosening is currently unknown. We tested the hypothesis that implant loosening is associated with changes in the gut microbiota in a preclinical model. When the particle challenge caused local joint inflammation, decreased peri-implant bone volume, and decreased implant fixation, the gut microbiota was affected. When the particle challenge did not cause this triad of local effects, the gut microbiota was not affected. Our results suggest that cross-talk between these compartments is a previously unrecognized mechanism of failure following total joint replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M Moran
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brittany M Wilson
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Phillip A Engen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ankur Naqib
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefan J Green
- Genome Research Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amarjit S Virdi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Plaas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher B Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dale R Sumner
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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31
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Yan FF, Wang WC, Cheng HW. Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic promotes bone growth by inhibition of inflammation in broilers subjected to cyclic heating episodes. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5252-5260. [PMID: 33142440 PMCID: PMC7647906 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress as an environmental stressor causes abnormal bone remodeling and microarchitectural deterioration. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a Bacillus subtilis–based probiotic on bone mass of broilers subjected to cycling high ambient temperature. One hundred and twenty 1-day-old Ross 708 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments (12 pens per treatment): control diet and the control diet plus 250-ppm probiotic consisting of 3 strains of Bacillus subtilis. Room temperature was gradually decreased from 35°C on day 1 by 0.5°C/d until day 15, when ambient temperature was increased from 28°C to 32°C for 10 h (07:00 h–17:00 h) daily until day 44. Samples of blood, leg bones (tibia and femur), and brains (raphe nuclei and hypothalamus) were collected at day 43, while latency to lie test was conducted at day 44. Compared with controls, probiotic supplementation increased bone mineral content, weight, size, weight to length index, and reduced robusticity index in the tibia and femur (P < 0.05) of broilers subjected to heat stress. Serum concentrations of c-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) were reduced (P = 0.02) by the probiotic supplementation, while ionized calcium, phosphate, and osteocalcin were not affected (P > 0.05). Moreover, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in probiotic fed broilers was decreased (P = 0.003) without changes of plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, interferon-γ, and corticosterone concentrations. There were no treatment effects on the concentrations of peripheral serotonin and central serotonin and catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine) as well as their metabolites. These results may indicate that dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis–based probiotic increases bone growth in broilers under a cyclic heating episode probably via inhibition of bone resorption, resulting from downregulation of the circulating TNF-α and CTX. Dietary probiotic supplementation may be a management strategy for increasing skeletal health of broilers under hot weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Wei-Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Heng-Wei Cheng
- USDA-ARS, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic metabolic bone disease characterized by the decrease of bone tissue per unit volume under the combined action of genetic and environmental factors, which leads to the decrease of bone strength, makes the bone brittle, and raises the possibility of bone fracture. However, the exact mechanism that determines the progression of OP remains to be underlined. There are hundreds of trillions of symbiotic bacteria living in the human gut, which have a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with the human body that helps to maintain human health. With the development of modern high-throughput sequencing (HTS) platforms, there has been growing evidence that the gut microbiome may play an important role in the programming of bone metabolism. In the present review, we discuss the potential mechanisms of the gut microbiome in the development of OP, such as alterations of bone metabolism, bone mineral absorption, and immune regulation. The potential of gut microbiome-targeted strategies in the prevention and treatment of OP was also evaluated. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(8):524–530.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yubo Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Meng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Calcium and vitamin D supplementation is recommended for patients at high risk of fracture and/or for those receiving pharmacological osteoporosis treatments. Probiotics are micro-organisms conferring a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts, likely by influencing gut microbiota (GM) composition and/or function. GM has been shown to influence various determinants of bone health. RECENT FINDINGS In animal models, probiotics prevent bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency, diabetes, or glucocorticoid treatments, by modulating both bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblast. In humans, they interfere with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and calcium intake and absorption, and slightly decrease bone loss in elderly postmenopausal women, in a quite similar magnitude as observed with calcium ± vitamin D supplements. A dietary source of probiotics is fermented dairy products which can improve calcium balance, prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism, and attenuate age-related increase of bone resorption and bone loss. Additional studies are required to determine whether probiotics or any other interventions targeting GM and its metabolites may be adjuvant treatment to calcium and vitamin D or anti-osteoporotic drugs in the general management of patients with bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
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34
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Schepper JD, Collins F, Rios-Arce ND, Kang HJ, Schaefer L, Gardinier JD, Raghuvanshi R, Quinn RA, Britton R, Parameswaran N, McCabe LR. Involvement of the Gut Microbiota and Barrier Function in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:801-820. [PMID: 31886921 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent immune-modulating drugs with significant side effects, including glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). GCs directly induce osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis but also alter intestinal microbiota composition. Although the gut microbiota is known to contribute to the regulation of bone density, its role in GIO has never been examined. To test this, male C57/Bl6J mice were treated for 8 weeks with GC (prednisolone, GC-Tx) in the presence or absence of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment (ABX) to deplete the microbiota. Long-term ABX prevented GC-Tx-induced trabecular bone loss, showing the requirement of gut microbiota for GIO. Treatment of GC-Tx mice with a probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri [LR]) prevented trabecular bone loss. Microbiota analyses indicated that GC-Tx changed the abundance of Verrucomicobiales and Bacteriodales phyla and random forest analyses indicated significant differences in abundance of Porphyromonadaceae and Clostridiales operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between groups. Furthermore, transplantation of GC-Tx mouse fecal material into recipient naïve, untreated WT mice caused bone loss, supporting a functional role for microbiota in GIO. We also report that GC caused intestinal barrier breaks, as evidenced by increased serum endotoxin level (2.4-fold), that were prevented by LR and ABX treatments. Enhancement of barrier function with a mucus supplement prevented both GC-Tx-induced barrier leakage and trabecular GIO. In bone, treatment with ABX, LR or a mucus supplement reduced GC-Tx-induced osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis. GC-Tx suppression of Wnt10b in bone was restored by the LR and high-molecular-weight polymer (MDY) treatments as well as microbiota depletion. Finally, we identified that bone-specific Wnt10b overexpression prevented GIO. Taken together, our data highlight the previously unappreciated involvement of the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function in trabecular GIO pathogenesis (including Wnt10b suppression and osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis) and identify the gut as a novel therapeutic target for preventing GIO. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fraser Collins
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Naiomy Deliz Rios-Arce
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ho Jun Kang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Laura Schaefer
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ruma Raghuvanshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert A Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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35
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Probiotic Lactobacillus strains from Mongolia improve calcium transport and uptake by intestinal cells in vitro. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109201. [PMID: 32466902 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the probiotic properties of 174 Lactobacillus strains isolated from Mongolian dairy products, and particularly their impact on intestinal calcium uptake and absorption. All isolates underwent a first screening based on cell surface hydrophobicity, acid tolerance, tolerance to gastro-intestinal digestion, autoaggregation, adhesion and cytotoxicity against intestinal cells. Six Lactobacillus strains from different species (L. casei, L. kefiranofaciens, L. plantarum, L. fermentum, L. helveticus and L. delbrueckii) were selected, and their impact on intestinal calcium uptake and transport was investigated using Caco-2. Five strains were able to improve total calcium transport after 24 h contact with a differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayer. Concomitantly the L. plantarum strain was able to increase cellular calcium uptake in Caco-2 cells by 10% in comparison to control conditions. To determine which pathway(s) of calcium absorption was modulated by the strains, a qPCR-based study on 4 genes related to calcium/vitamin D metabolism or tight junction integrity was conducted on mucus-secreting intestinal HT-29 MTX cells. The L. plantarum strain modulates the transcellular pathway by regulating the expression of vitamin D receptor (1.79 fold of control) and calcium transporter (4.77 fold of control) while the L. delbrueckii strain acts on the paracellular pathway by modulating claudin-2 expression (2.83 fold of control). This work highlights the impact of Lactobacillus probiotic strains on intestinal calcium absorption and for the first time give some evidence about the cellular pathways involved.
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37
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Jansson PA, Curiac D, Lazou Ahrén I, Hansson F, Martinsson Niskanen T, Sjögren K, Ohlsson C. Probiotic treatment using a mix of three Lactobacillus strains for lumbar spine bone loss in postmenopausal women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2019; 1:e154-e162. [PMID: 38229392 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(19)30068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal bone loss in the spine is associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures. Certain probiotic treatment protects rodents from ovariectomy-induced bone loss. The aim of the present study was to determine if treatment with a combination of three bacterial strains protects against the rapid spine bone loss occurring in healthy early postmenopausal women. METHODS This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial was done at four study centres in Sweden. Early postmenopausal women were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive probiotic treatment consisting of three Lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 13434, Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15312, and Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313; 1 x 1010 colony-forming units per capsule) or placebo once daily for 12 months. The primary outcome was the percentage change from baseline in lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS-BMD) at 12 months. The primary analysis was done in all participants with BMD measurements available both at baseline and at 12 months. Analyses of adverse events and safety included all participants who had taken at least one capsule of placebo or Lactobacillus. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02722980, and is completed. FINDINGS Between April 18 and Nov 11, 2016, 249 participants were randomly assigned to receive probiotic product or placebo, and 234 (94%) completed the analyses required for the primary outcome. Lactobacillus treatment reduced the LS-BMD loss compared with placebo (mean difference 0·71%, 95% CI 0·06 to 1·35). The LS-BMD loss was significant in the placebo group (-0·72%, -1·22 to -0·22), whereas no bone loss was observed in the Lactobacillus-treated group (-0·01%, -0·50 to 0·48). The adverse events were similar between the two groups. INTERPRETATION Probiotic treatment using a mix of three Lactobacillus strains protects against lumbar spine bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. FUNDING Probi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per-Anders Jansson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Curiac
- CTC, Gothia Forum, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Klara Sjögren
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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38
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Sahni S, Weaver CM. Insights from the gut: are probiotic supplements good for bone health? THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2019; 1:e135-e137. [PMID: 38229385 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(19)30073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sahni
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute of Aging, Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02131, USA.
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Engevik MA, Morra CN, Röth D, Engevik K, Spinler JK, Devaraj S, Crawford SE, Estes MK, Kalkum M, Versalovic J. Microbial Metabolic Capacity for Intestinal Folate Production and Modulation of Host Folate Receptors. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2305. [PMID: 31649646 PMCID: PMC6795088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolites, including B complex vitamins contribute to diverse aspects of human health. Folate, or vitamin B9, refers to a broad category of biomolecules that include pterin, para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA), and glutamate subunits. Folates are required for DNA synthesis and epigenetic regulation. In addition to dietary nutrients, the gut microbiota has been recognized as a source of B complex vitamins, including folate. This study evaluated the predicted folate synthesis capabilities in the genomes of human commensal microbes identified in the Human Microbiome Project and folate production by representative strains of six human intestinal bacterial phyla. Bacterial folate synthesis genes were ubiquitous across 512 gastrointestinal reference genomes with 13% of the genomes containing all genes required for complete de novo folate synthesis. An additional 39% of the genomes had the genetic capacity to synthesize folates in the presence of pABA, an upstream intermediate that can be obtained through diet or from other intestinal microbes. Bacterial folate synthesis was assessed during exponential and stationary phase growth through the evaluation of expression of select folate synthesis genes, quantification of total folate production, and analysis of folate polyglutamylation. Increased expression of key folate synthesis genes was apparent in exponential phase, and increased folate polyglutamylation occurred during late stationary phase. Of the folate producers, we focused on the commensal Lactobacillus reuteri to examine host-microbe interactions in relation to folate and examined folate receptors in the physiologically relevant human enteroid model. RNAseq data revealed segment-specific folate receptor distribution. Treatment of human colonoid monolayers with conditioned media (CM) from wild-type L. reuteri did not influence the expression of key folate transporters proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) or reduced folate carrier (RFC). However, CM from L. reuteri containing a site-specific inactivation of the folC gene, which prevents the bacteria from synthesizing a polyglutamate tail on folate, significantly upregulated RFC expression. No effects were observed using L. reuteri with a site inactivation of folC2, which results in no folate production. This work sheds light on the contributions of microbial folate to overall folate status and mammalian host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A. Engevik
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christina N. Morra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Daniel Röth
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Kristen Engevik
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Spinler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sue E. Crawford
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine – Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Markus Kalkum
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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40
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Guss JD, Taylor E, Rouse Z, Roubert S, Higgins CH, Thomas CJ, Baker SP, Vashishth D, Donnelly E, Shea MK, Booth SL, Bicalho RC, Hernandez CJ. The microbial metagenome and bone tissue composition in mice with microbiome-induced reductions in bone strength. Bone 2019; 127:146-154. [PMID: 31207357 PMCID: PMC6708759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The genetic components of microbial species that inhabit the body are known collectively as the microbiome. Modifications to the microbiome have been implicated in disease processes throughout the body and have recently been shown to influence bone. Prior work has associated changes in the microbial taxonomy (phyla, class, species, etc.) in the gut with bone phenotypes but has provided limited information regarding mechanisms. With the goal of achieving a more mechanistic understanding of the effects of the microbiome on bone, we perform a metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiome that provides information on the functional capacity of the microbes (all microbial genes present) rather than only characterizing the microbial taxa. Male C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to disruption of the gut microbiota (ΔMicrobiome) using oral antibiotics (from 4 to 16 weeks of age) or remained untreated (n = 6-7/group). Disruption of the gut microbiome in this manner has been shown to lead to reductions in tissue mechanical properties and whole bone strength in adulthood with only minor changes in bone geometry and density. ΔMicrobiome led to modifications in the abundance of microbial genes responsible for the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall and capsule; bacterially synthesized carbohydrates; and bacterially synthesized vitamins (B and K) (p < 0.01). Follow up analysis focused on vitamin K, a factor that has previously been associated with bone health. The vitamin K content of the cecum, liver and kidneys was primarily microbe-derived forms of vitamin K (menaquinones) and was decreased by 32-66% in ∆Microbiome mice compared to untreated animals (p < 0.01). Bone mineral crystallinity determined using Raman spectroscopy was decreased in ∆Microbiome mice (p = 0.01). This study illustrates the use of metagenomic analysis to link the microbiome to bone phenotypes and provides preliminary findings implicating microbially synthesized vitamin-K as a regulator of bone matrix quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Guss
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Erik Taylor
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zach Rouse
- Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian Roubert
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Corinne J Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Shefford P Baker
- Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Kyla Shea
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah L Booth
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Christopher J Hernandez
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
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41
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Rizzoli R. Nutritional influence on bone: role of gut microbiota. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:743-751. [PMID: 30710248 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) located within the intestinal tract lumen comprises the largest number of cells (10E14) in the human body. The gut microbiome refers to the collection of genomes and genes present in gut microbiota. GM can vary according to age, sex, genetic background, immune status, geography, diet, prebiotics, which are non-digestible fibers metabolized in the distal part of the gastrointestinal tract, probiotics, which are micro-organisms conferring a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts, living conditions, diseases and drugs. A source of probiotics is fortified fermented dairy products, which in addition provide calcium, protein, phosphorus and various micronutrients. Bone homeostasis is influenced by GM composition and/or products. GM appears to be a major player in the various determinants of bone health. However, it remains to be demonstrated in well conducted long-term randomized controlled trials, whether interventions changing GM composition and/or function are capable of reducing fracture risk.
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42
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McCabe LR, Irwin R, Tekalur A, Evans C, Schepper JD, Parameswaran N, Ciancio M. Exercise prevents high fat diet-induced bone loss, marrow adiposity and dysbiosis in male mice. Bone 2019; 118:20-31. [PMID: 29604350 PMCID: PMC6163087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High fat diets can have detrimental effects on the skeleton as well as cause intestinal dysbiosis. Exercise prevents high fat (HF) diet-induced obesity and also improves bone density and prevents the intestinal dysbiosis that promotes energy storage. Previous studies indicate a link between intestinal microbial balance and bone health. Therefore, we examined whether exercise could prevent HF-induced bone pathology in male mice and determined whether benefits correlate to changes in host intestinal microbiota. Male C57Bl/6 mice were fed either a low fat diet (LF; 10 kcal% fat) or a HF diet (60 kcal% fat) and put under sedentary or voluntary exercise conditions for 14 weeks. Our results indicated that HF diet reduced trabecular bone volume, when corrected for differences in body weight, of both the tibia (40% reduction) and vertebrae (25% reduction) as well and increased marrow adiposity (44% increase). More importantly, these effects were prevented by exercise. Exercise also had a significant effect on several cortical bone parameters and enhanced bone mechanical properties in LF but not HF fed mice. Microbiome analyses indicated that exercise altered the HF induced changes in microbial composition by reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio. This ratio negatively correlated with bone volume as did levels of Clostridia and Lachnospiraceae. In contrast, the abundance of several Actinobacteria phylum members (i.e., Bifidobacteriaceae) were positively correlated with bone volume. Taken together, exercise can prevent many of the negative effects of a high fat diet on male skeletal health. Exercise induced changes in microbiota composition could represent a novel mechanism that contributes to exercise induced benefits to bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
| | - Regina Irwin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Arjun Tekalur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Christian Evans
- Physical Therapy Program, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
| | - Jonathan D Schepper
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Mae Ciancio
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States.
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43
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Wang XQ, Zhang AH, Miao JH, Sun H, Yan GL, Wu FF, Wang XJ. Gut microbiota as important modulator of metabolism in health and disease. RSC Adv 2018; 8:42380-42389. [PMID: 35558413 PMCID: PMC9092240 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract colonizes a large number of microbial microflora, forms a host-microbiota co-metabolism structure with the host to participate in various metabolic processes in the human body, and plays a major role in the host immune response. In addition, the dysbiosis of intestinal microbial homeostasis is closely related to many diseases. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the relationship between them is of importance for disease pathogenesis, prevention and treatment. The combined use of metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics techniques for the analysis of gut microbiota can reveal the relationship between microbiota and the host in many ways, which has become a hot topic of analysis in recent years. This review describes the mechanism of co-metabolites in host health, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and bile acid metabolism. The metabolic role of gut microbiota in obesity, liver diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and other diseases is also summarized, and the research methods for multi-omics combined application on gut microbiota are summarized. According to the studies of the interaction mechanism between gut microbiota and the host, we have a better understanding of the use of intestinal microflora in the treatment of related diseases. It is hoped that the gut microbiota can be utilized to maintain human health, providing a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Qian Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant Nanning Guangxi China +86-451-82110818 +86-451-82110818
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Heping Road 24 Harbin China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Heping Road 24 Harbin China
| | - Jian-Hua Miao
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant Nanning Guangxi China +86-451-82110818 +86-451-82110818
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Heping Road 24 Harbin China
| | - Guang-Li Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Heping Road 24 Harbin China
| | - Fang-Fang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant Nanning Guangxi China +86-451-82110818 +86-451-82110818
| | - Xi-Jun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant Nanning Guangxi China +86-451-82110818 +86-451-82110818
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Heping Road 24 Harbin China
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44
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Rizzoli R. Microbiota and Bone Health: The Gut-Musculoskeletal Axis. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:385-386. [PMID: 29427235 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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