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Yin M, Matsuoka R, Xi Y, Wang X. Comparison of Egg Yolk and Soybean Phospholipids on Hepatic Fatty Acid Profile and Liver Protection in Rats Fed a High-Fructose Diet. Foods 2021; 10:1569. [PMID: 34359438 PMCID: PMC8307941 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbed lipid metabolism leads to ectopic lipid accumulation in tissues, such as the liver, thereby causing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and negatively influencing circulating lipid profile-inducing dyslipidemia. Phospholipids (PLs) with special biological activity are used to treat chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. PLs derived from egg yolk and soya bean have significant antioxidant and lipid-lowering abilities. This study examined the therapeutic effects of them on hyperlipidemia using a high-fructose-fed rat model; lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory effects were also analyzed. The results showed that both egg yolk and soya bean phospholipids (EPLs and SPLs) reduced liver weight, hepatic TG, and MDA content as well as serum ALT, AST, TBA, and CRP levels (p < 0.05). The PLs also showed hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects. EPLs and SPLs could inhibit the accumulation of hepatic fatty acids C18:1N9C, C18:0, and C22:6NS of rats fed a high-fat-and-sucrose diet. The intake of EPLs could significantly increase acetylcholine content in the blood and brain tissue. Histological examination showed that PLs intake could ameliorate the damage to liver tissue. This study suggested that EPLs and SPLs had a certain capacity of hypolipidemic and liver protection, and the therapeutic benefits of EPLs tended to be more effective than that of soybean phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Yin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Rd, Nanhui New City, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ryosuke Matsuoka
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Rd, Nanhui New City, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yinci Xi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Rd, Nanhui New City, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xichang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Rd, Nanhui New City, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
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2
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Janssens J, Atmosoerodjo SD, Vermeiren Y, Absalom AR, den Daas I, De Deyn PP. Sampling issues of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma monoamines: Investigation of the circadian rhythm and rostrocaudal concentration gradient. Neurochem Int 2019; 128:154-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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3
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Naudé PJW, Dekens DW, Eisel ULM, den Daas I, De Deyn PP. Dynamics of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations in older males. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47. [PMID: 29082525 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is an inflammatory protein with gaining increasing interest for its use as marker in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for several chronic diseases. Its biochemical properties make it an attractive marker. However, changes in blood and CSF NGAL concentrations during the diurnal rhythm in the elderly are unknown. This information is important for its optimal use as marker in studies with older people. METHODS Serial paired plasma and CSF samples were obtained from 8 healthy elderly males over a 30-hour period. NGAL and cortisol were quantified with ELISA. RESULTS No significant changes in plasma and CSF NGAL concentrations over time were found, whereas cortisol (included as internal control) concentrations displayed significant changes over time. Significant circadian patterns were found for plasma NGAL and for cortisol in both plasma and CSF. However, CSF NGAL concentrations did not follow a diurnal pattern in elderly males. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates the temporal regulation of NGAL in plasma and CSF, which potentially is a useful reference for studies measuring NGAL as biomarker in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus J W Naudé
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Doortje W Dekens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University Center of Psychiatry & Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology of Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peter P De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Mohrman AE, Farrag M, Huang H, Ossowski S, Haft S, Shriver LP, Leipzig ND. Spinal Cord Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis after Excitotoxic Injection Injury Model of Syringomyelia. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:720-733. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Mohrman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
| | - Mahmoud Farrag
- Department of Integrated Biosciences Program, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
| | - He Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
| | - Stephan Ossowski
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephanie Haft
- Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Nic D. Leipzig
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
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Toombs J, Foiani MS, Paterson RW, Heslegrave A, Wray S, Schott JM, Fox NC, Lunn MP, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Effect of Spinal Manometers on Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-β Concentration. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 56:885-891. [PMID: 28059797 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of spinal manometers on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ) concentration was investigated. Pooled human CSF samples were divided in two, one half passed through a manometer into a collection tube, the other transferred directly to a collection tube. CSF was analyzed for Aβ38/40/42 using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Relative to control, use of a manometer decreased Aβ38/40/42 concentration by 5.6% (±1.5SE), 4.4% (±1.7SE), and 4.3% (±2.4SE), respectively. The ratios of Aβ42 :40, Aβ42 :38, and Aβ40 :38 were not affected by manometer treatment. Factors which artificially lower CSF Aβ concentrations are relevant to clinical diagnosis for AD and study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Toombs
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martha S Foiani
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ross W Paterson
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Michael P Lunn
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Okkerse P, Hay JL, Sitsen E, Dahan A, Klaassen E, Houghton W, Groeneveld GJ. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intrathecally administered Xen2174, a synthetic conopeptide with norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and analgesic properties. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 83:751-763. [PMID: 27987228 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Xen2174 is a synthetic 13-amino acid peptide that binds specifically to the norepinephrine transporter, which results in inhibition of norepinephrine uptake. It is being developed as a possible treatment for moderate to severe pain and is delivered intrathecally. The current study was performed to assess the pharmacodynamics (PD) and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics (PK) of Xen2174 in healthy subjects. METHODS This was a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects. The study was divided into three treatment arms. Each group consisted of eight subjects on active treatment and two or three subjects on placebo. The CSF was sampled for 32 h using an intrathecal catheter. PD assessments were performed using a battery of nociceptive tasks (electrical pain, pressure pain and cold pressor tasks). RESULTS Twenty-five subjects were administered Xen2174. CSF PK analysis showed a higher area under the CSF concentration-time curve of Xen2174 in the highest dose group than allowed by the predefined safety margin based on nonclinical data. The most common adverse event was post-lumbar puncture syndrome, with no difference in incidence between treatment groups. Although no statistically significant differences were observed in the PD assessments between the different dosages of Xen2174 and placebo, pain tolerability in the highest dose group was higher than in the placebo group [contrast least squares mean pressure pain tolerance threshold of Xen2174 2.5 mg-placebo (95% confidence interval), 22.2% (-5.0%, 57.1%); P = 0.1131]. CONCLUSIONS At the Xen2174 dose level of 2.5 mg, CSF concentrations exceeded the prespecified exposure limit based on the nonclinical safety margin. No statistically significant effects on evoked pain tests were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Okkerse
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Justin L Hay
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elske Sitsen
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Dahan
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erica Klaassen
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Leiden, The Netherlands
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Szutowicz A, Bielarczyk H, Jankowska-Kulawy A, Ronowska A, Pawełczyk T. Retinoic acid as a therapeutic option in Alzheimer's disease: a focus on cholinergic restoration. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:239-49. [PMID: 25683350 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1008456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid is a potent cell differentiating factor, which through its nuclear receptors affects a vast range of promoter sites in brain neuronal and glial cells in every step of embryonic and postnatal life. Its capacities, facilitating maturation of neurotransmitter phenotype in different groups of neurons, pave the way for its application as a potential therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Retinoic acid was found to exert particularly strong enhancing effects on acetylcholine transmitter functions in brain cholinergic neurons, loss of which is tightly linked to the development of cognitive and memory deficits in course of different cholinergic encephalopathies. Here, we review cholinotrophic properties of retinoic acid and its derivatives, which may justify their application in the management of Alzheimer's disease and the related neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Szutowicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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English BA, Thomas K, Johnstone J, Bazih A, Gertsik L, Ereshefsky L. Use of translational pharmacodynamic biomarkers in early-phase clinical studies for schizophrenia. Biomark Med 2014; 8:29-49. [PMID: 24325223 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by cognitive deficits, and positive and negative symptoms. The development of effective pharmacological compounds for the treatment of schizophrenia has proven challenging and costly, with many compounds failing during clinical trials. Many failures occur due to disease heterogeneity and lack of predictive preclinical models and biomarkers that readily translate to humans during early characterization of novel antipsychotic compounds. Traditional early-phase trials consist of single- or multiple-dose designs aimed at determining the safety and tolerability of an investigational compound in healthy volunteers. However, by incorporating a translational approach employing methodologies derived from preclinical studies, such as EEG measures and imaging, into the traditional Phase I program, critical information regarding a compound's dose-response effects on pharmacodynamic biomarkers can be acquired. Furthermore, combined with the use of patients with stable schizophrenia in early-phase clinical trials, significant 'de-risking' and more confident 'go/no-go' decisions are possible.
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