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Peraud A, Ibel R. Controversies in the Treatment of Arachnoid Cysts with Special Emphasis on Temporal Arachnoid Cysts. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 2023; 46:175-192. [PMID: 37318575 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28202-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial arachnoid cysts (ACs) are benign lesions. The incidence in children is 2.6%. ACs are often diagnosed incidentally. Because of the broad use of CT and MR imaging, the frequency of AC diagnosis has increased. In addition, prenatal diagnosis of ACs is becoming more common. This places clinicians in a difficult situation with regard to the optimal treatment, since the presenting symptoms are often vague and operative management includes not negligible risks. It is generally accepted that conservative management is indicated in cases with small and asymptomatic cysts. In contrast, patients with definite signs of raised intracranial pressure should be treated. There are however clinical situations in whom the decision about the preferred treatment is difficult to make. Unspecific symptoms such as headaches and neurocognitive or attention deficits can be challenging to evaluate, whether they are related to the presence of the AC or not. The treatment techniques intent to establish a communication between the cyst and the normal cerebrospinal spaces or consist of a diversion of the cyst fluid by a shunt system. Which surgical method (open craniotomy for cyst fenestration, endoscopic fenestration, or shunting) is preferred differs between neurosurgical centers or the pediatric neurosurgeon in charge. Each treatment option has a unique profile of advantages and disadvantages which should be considered when discussing treatment with the patients or their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Peraud
- Section Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Rebecca Ibel
- Section Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Patel M, Atyani A, Salameh JP, McInnes M, Chakraborty S. Safety of Intrathecal Administration of Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Radiology 2020; 297:75-83. [PMID: 32720867 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020191373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The use of MR cisternography with intrathecal administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) is limited by a lack of understanding of the relationship between intrathecal GBCA exposure and dose-related adverse events. Purpose To perform a systematic review to establish an understanding of the dose-response relationship of intrathecal GBCAs and to characterize related adverse events, particularly at higher doses. Materials and Methods Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Central databases were searched for studies reporting intrathecal GBCA use. Data extraction included studies focused on rates and types of adverse events after intrathecal GBCA exposure. A two-tailed independent sample t test statistic was used to evaluate the relationship between GBCA dose and the presence of serious versus nonserious adverse events. Meta-analysis was used to determine the overall incidence of adverse events. Study quality and publication bias were assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale and a funnel plot (effect size measured using Hedges' g followed by the Egger test), respectively. Results Fifty-three studies with a total of 1036 patients were included for analysis. The overall rate of adverse events after intrathecal administration of GBCA was 13% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.3%, 18%). Meta-analysis revealed moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 62%). Serious adverse event rates could not be determined with meta-analysis. They were reported in 10 studies and were primarily neurologic in nature, with two cases of coma-one resulting in death. Serious adverse events were associated with significantly higher GBCA doses when compared with nonserious adverse events (mean difference, 4.5 mmol; 95% CI: 2.3 mmol, 6.6 mmol; P = .008). For serious adverse events, there was no clear dose-dependent increase in severity above 2.0 mmol. Conclusion Overall, intrathecal administration of GBCAs at doses greater than 1.0 mmol are associated with serious neurotoxic complications with relative clinical safety at lower doses. © RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Kanal in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihilkumar Patel
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Y 4E9
| | - Almohannad Atyani
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Y 4E9
| | - Jean-Paul Salameh
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Y 4E9
| | - Matthew McInnes
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Y 4E9
| | - Santanu Chakraborty
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Y 4E9
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Arslan A, Başarır M, Özek MM, Dinçer A. Postoperative patency assessment of Cystocisternostomy and Cystoventriculostomy stomas in cases with Arachnoidal cyst. Childs Nerv Syst 2020; 36:1415-1423. [PMID: 31865402 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to determine stoma and flow patency with 3D SPACE T2 and 3D CISS sequences in cases with cystocisternostomy or cystoventriculostomy. METHODS A total of sixty three patients (total 106 MRI examinations) with endoscopic cystocisternostomy or cystoventriculostomy of arachnoid cyst underwent 1.5-3 T MRI to determine flow patency between June 2007 and April 2018. Postoperative results, the patients' clinic and arachnoid cyst volume were used to confirm stoma and flow patency in MRI. RESULTS The stoma was open and functional in forty three patients. Minimal flow was detected in five patients. Fifteen patients with closed stoma (total 17 MR images) were evaluated with the clinician. Patients' clinic, physical examination, and growth (for pediatric patients) were evaluated. Three of fifteen patients were re-operated. Operative findings and postoperative follow-up MR imaging findings were correlated with our preoperative MRI results. The findings were in compliance in both groups (operated-non-operated groups). CONCLUSION 3D SPACE T2 and 3D CISS are effective sequences in addition to other routine conventional sequences to evaluate stoma and flow patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydan Arslan
- Department of Radiology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Murat Başarır
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Acıbadem Altunizade Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - M Memet Özek
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Alp Dinçer
- Department of Radiology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
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[Magnetic resonance cisternography]. Radiologe 2019; 58:132-134. [PMID: 29330616 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-017-0342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL/METHODICAL ISSUE Conventional MRI can be insufficient to depict certain pathologies of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled spaces. STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS 3-D T2-weighted sequences and phase-contrast imaging have a high sensitivity for pathologies of the CSF-filled spaces, but are susceptible to artifacts in some cases. METHODICAL INNOVATIONS/PERFORMANCE Magnetic resonance (MR) cisternography directly depicts the connection between CSF-filled spaces.
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Zhang H, Zhang J, Peng J, Hao X, Li G. The diagnosis of ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction by using phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 64:141-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Roth J, Constantini S, Ben-Sira L, Shiran SI. The Added Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cisternography and Ventriculography as a Diagnostic Aid in Pediatric Hydrocephalus. Pediatr Neurosurg 2019; 54:165-172. [PMID: 30870836 DOI: 10.1159/000497147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the "gold standard" method for the evaluation of hydrocephalus. However, diagnosing an obstruction in the ventricular or subarachnoid spaces may pose a challenge for standard diagnostic sequences. In this study, we describe our experience with MRI cisternography (MRIC) or ventriculography (MRIV) for diagnosing or excluding intra- and extraventricular obstructions. Such a differentiation may have a significant impact on choosing the optimal surgical solution. METHODS We retrospectively collected data on patients undergoing MRIC/MRIV for diagnosing or excluding obstructions in patients with ventriculomegaly. All patients had MRI suggesting an obstruction, but without a clear cause. RESULTS Five children aged 1-17 years were included (3 females). Four underwent an MRIV, and 1 underwent an MRIC. Three children presented with headaches and had a suspected prior endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) failure, and 2 presented with macrocephalus and increasing head circumferences. MRIV showed a patent ETV stoma in 2 cases, one of which had a T2 SPACE MRI showing no flow void through the stoma, and a closed stoma in 1 case with a flow void above and below the stoma on T2 SPACE MRI. MRIV and MRIC differentiated between two cases with panventriculomegaly, one of which had an obstruction at the level of the Liliequist membrane, and another with no identifiable obstruction. CONCLUSIONS MRIC and MRIV have a complementary role to MRI in assessing selected patients with hydrocephalus suspected of being secondary to an obstruction, but with no clear obstruction location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Roth
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,
| | - Shlomi Constantini
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Ben-Sira
- Pediatric Radiology Unit, Department of Radiology, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shelly I Shiran
- Pediatric Radiology Unit, Department of Radiology, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Evaluation of the Communication Between Arachnoid Cysts and Neighboring Cerebrospinal Fluid Spaces by T2W 3D-SPACE With Variant Flip-Angle Technique at 3 T. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2018; 42:816-821. [PMID: 29787500 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a widely used technique for determination of possible communication of arachnoid cysts (ACs). Three-dimensional (3D) sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip-angle evolutions (3D-SPACE) technique is a relatively new method for 3D isotropic scanning of the entire cranium within a short time. In this research, the usage of the 3D-SPACE technique in differentiation of communicating or noncommunicating type ACs was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five ACs in 34 patients were retrospectively examined. The 3D-SPACE, PC-MRI, and contrast material-enhanced cisternography (if present) images of the patients were analyzed. Each cyst was described according to cyst size/location, third ventricle diameter, Evans index, and presence of hydrocephalus. Communication was defined as absent (score 0), suspected (score 1), or present (score 2) on each sequence. Results of PC-MRI or cisternography (if available) examinations were used as criterion standard techniques to categorize all cysts as communicating or noncommunicating type. The results of 3D-SPACE were compared with criterion standard techniques. The comparisons between groups were performed using Mann-Whitney and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS For demonstration of communication status of the cysts, criterion standard test results and 3D-SPACE findings were almost in perfect harmony (κ[95% confidence interval: 0.94]; P < 0.001). When evaluating the communicative properties, 3D-SPACE findings correlated with other final results at a rate of 97%. There is a positive correlation with third ventricular diameters and Evans index for all patients (r = 0.77, P < 0.001). For other analyzed variables, there is no significant difference or correlation between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The 3D-SPACE technique is an easy, useful, and noninvasive alternative for the evaluation of morphology, topographical relationships, and communication status of ACs.
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SPECT/CT Detection of a Communicating Arachnoid Cyst in a Patient With Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Clin Nucl Med 2018; 42:555-557. [PMID: 28481794 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000001685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A 59-year-old man with history of multiple sclerosis and residual sensory and motor dysfunction presented with progressive lower-extremity weakness, ataxic gait, and intermittent urinary incontinence. Brain MRI demonstrated volume loss with disproportionate ventricular dilatation, but no evidence of infarction or abnormal enhancement. Radionuclide cisternography showed early and persistent ventricular reflux, poor progression of radiopharmaceutical over convexities, and delayed clearance in a pattern consistent with normal pressure hydrocephalus. Asymmetric activity in the right parietal region was also identified. Fused SPECT/CT, as well as fusion of the SPECT with a previous brain MRI, demonstrated a communicating arachnoidal cyst.
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Klekamp J. A New Classification for Pathologies of Spinal Meninges, Part 1: Dural Cysts, Dissections, and Ectasias. Neurosurgery 2017; 81:29-44. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of pathologies of the spinal dura is often unclear and their management controversial.
OBJECTIVE: To classify spinal dural pathologies analogous to vascular aneurysms, present their symptoms and surgical results.
METHODS: Among 1519 patients with spinal space-occupying lesions, 66 patients demonstrated dural pathologies. Neuroradiological and surgical features were reviewed and clinical data analyzed.
RESULTS: Saccular dural diverticula (type I, n = 28) caused by defects of both dural layers, dissections between dural layers (type II, n = 29) due to defects of the inner layer, and dural ectasias (type III, n = 9) related to structural changes of the dura were distinguished. For all types, symptoms consisted of local pain followed by signs of radiculopathy or myelopathy, while one patient with dural ectasia presented a low-pressure syndrome and 10 patients with dural dissections additional spinal cord herniation. Type I and type II pathologies required occlusion of their dural defects via extradural (type I) or intradural (type II) approaches. For type III pathologies of the dural sac no surgery was recommended. Favorable results were obtained in all 14 patients with type I and 13 of 15 patients with type II pathologies undergoing surgery.
CONCLUSION: The majority of dural pathologies involving root sleeves remain asymptomatic, while those of the dural sac commonly lead to pain and neurological symptoms. Type I and type II pathologies were treated with good long-term results occluding their dural defects, while ectasias of the dural sac (type III) were managed conservatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Klekamp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Christliches Krankenhaus Quakenbrück, Quakenbr-ück, Germany
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Zamora C, Castillo M. Sellar and Parasellar Imaging. Neurosurgery 2016; 80:17-38. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The skull base is a complex anatomical region that harbors many important neurovascular structures in a relatively confined space. The pathology that can develop at this site is varied, and many disease processes may present with similar clinical and neuroimaging findings. While computed tomography maintains a role in the evaluation of many entities and can, for instance, delineate osseous erosion with great detail and characterize calcified tumor matrices, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the mainstay in the neuroimaging assessment of most pathology occurring at the skull base. Various MRI sequences have proven to be robust tools for tissue characterization and can provide information on the presence of lipids, paramagnetic and diamagnetic elements, and tumor cellularity, among others. In addition, currently available MRI techniques are able to generate high spatial resolution images that allow visualization of cranial nerves and their involvement by adjacent pathology. The information obtained from such examinations may aid in the distinction of these disease processes and in the accurate delineation of their extent prior to biopsy or treatment planning.
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Martinez-Perez R, Hinojosa J, Pascual B, Panaderos T, Welter D, Muñoz MJ. [Rare location of arachnoid cysts. Extratemporal cysts]. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2016; 27:121-8. [PMID: 26725189 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucir.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic management of arachnoid cysts depends largely on its location. Almost 50% of arachnoid cysts are located in the temporal fossa-Sylvian fissure, whereas the other half is distributed in different locations, sometimes exceptional. Under the name of infrequent location arachnoid cysts, a description is presented of those composed of 2 sheets of arachnoid membrane, which are not located in the temporal fossa, and are primary or congenital.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Hinojosa
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
| | - Beatriz Pascual
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | - Teresa Panaderos
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | - Diego Welter
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | - María J Muñoz
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
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Raverot G, Assié G, Cotton F, Cogne M, Boulin A, Dherbomez M, Bonneville JF, Massart C. Biological and radiological exploration and management of non-functioning pituitary adenoma. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2015; 76:201-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yan L, Liu H, Shang H. Quantitative analysis of intraspinal cerebrospinal fluid flow in normal adults. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1164-9. [PMID: 25722710 PMCID: PMC4340034 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.15.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study quantitatively analyzed intraspinal cerebrospinal fluid flow patterns in 19 normal adults using fast cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Results showed increased downward flow velocity and volume compared with upward flow, and the average downward flow volume of intraspinal cerebrospinal fluid decreased from top to bottom at different intervertebral disc levels. Upward and downward cerebrospinal fluid flow velocity reached a peak at the thoracic intraspinal anterior region, and velocity reached a minimum at the posterior region. Overall measurements revealed that mean upward and downward flow volume positively correlated with the subarachnoid area. Upward peak flow velocity and volume positively correlated with spinal anteroposterior diameter. However, downward peak flow velocity and volume exhibited a negative correlation with spinal anteroposterior diameter. Further flow measurements showed that flow velocity in upward and downward directions was associated with subarachnoid anteroposterior diameter, respectively. The present experimental results showed that cerebrospinal fluid flow velocity and volume varied at different intraspinal regions and were affected by subarachnoid space area and anteroposterior diameter size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leka Yan
- Department of Imaging, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Huaijun Liu
- Department of Imaging, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hua Shang
- Department of Imaging, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
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Evaluation of hydrocephalus and other cerebrospinal fluid disorders with MRI: An update. Insights Imaging 2014; 5:531-41. [PMID: 24903254 PMCID: PMC4141339 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-014-0333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI is not only beneficial in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-related diseases, but also aids in planning the management and post-surgery follow-up of the patients. With recent advances in MRI systems, there are many newly developed sequences and techniques that rapidly enable evaluation of CSF-related disorders with greater accuracy. For a better assessment of this group of disorders, radiologists should follow the developments closely and should be able to apply them when necessary. In this pictorial review, the role of MRI in the evaluation of hydrocephalus, CSF diversion techniques, and other CSF disorders is illustrated. Teaching Points • The 3D-SPACE seems to be most efficient technique for evaluation of hydrocephalus and ventriculostomy. • In complex cases, PC-MRI, 3D-heavily T2W, and/or CE-MRC images may prevent false results of 3D-SPACE. • MRI is beneficial in the diagnosis and management of hydrocephalus and other CSF-related diseases.
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Li L, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhai X, Zhou Y, Liang P. The clinical classification and treatment of middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts in children. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2013; 115:411-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Algin O, Turkbey B. Intrathecal gadolinium-enhanced MR cisternography: a comprehensive review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 34:14-22. [PMID: 22268089 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CE-MRC has been in use for the past 15 years and was reported to be a useful method in the evaluation of CSF disorders and hydrocephalus. The use of CE-MRC in conjunction with other MR imaging techniques has been shown to be effective in selected cases for the evaluation of several disorders of cerebrospinal system. CE-MRC has certain advantages over other cisternographic studies with fewer side effects if performed properly. Although intrathecal Gd administration is not widely accepted yet, several recent studies have reported the safety of small-dose intrathecal gadolinium injection. In this review, we describe CE-MRC and review recent applications in several clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Algin
- Department of Radiology, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey.
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Algin O, Turkbey B. Evaluation of aqueductal stenosis by 3D sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolutions sequence: preliminary results with 3T MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 33:740-6. [PMID: 22173764 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diagnosis of AS and periaqueductal abnormalities by routine MR imaging sequences is challenging for neuroradiologists. The aim of our study was to evaluate the utility of the 3D-SPACE sequence with VFAM in patients with suspected AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS PC-MRI and 3D-SPACE images were obtained in 21 patients who had hydrocephalus on routine MR imaging scans and had clinical suspicion of AS, as well as in 12 control subjects. Aqueductal patency was visually scored (grade 0, normal; grade 1, partial obstruction; grade 2, complete stenosis) by 2 experienced radiologists on PC-MRI (plus routine T1-weighted and T2-weighted images) and 3D-SPACE images. Two separate scores were statistically compared with each other as well as with the consensus scores obtained from general agreement of both radiologists. RESULTS There was an excellent correlation between 3D-SPACE and PC-MRI scores (κ = 0.828). The correlation between 3D-SPACE scorings and consensus-based scorings was higher compared with the correlation between PC-MRI and consensus-based scorings (r = 1, P < .001 and r = 0.966, P < .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS 3D-SPACE sequence with VFAM alone can be used for adequate and successful evaluation of the aqueductal patency without the need for additional sequences and examinations. Noninvasive evaluation of the whole cranium is possible in a short time with high resolution by using 3D-SPACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Algin
- Department of Radiology, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey.
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Abstract
OBJECT The endoscopic treatment of a suprasellar arachnoid cyst (SAC) consists mainly of ventriculocystostomy (VC) and ventriculocystocisternostomy (VCC). However, the most appropriate treatment for these cysts has not been fully determined yet. The authors report on the effectiveness of endoscopic VC for SACs communicating with the basal cisterns, which is demonstrated by preoperative CT cisternography. METHODS The authors retrospectively analyzed the surgical results of patients with an SAC treated using endoscopic fenestration. The patient charts were reviewed for demographic data, clinical presentations, surgical therapies, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Six consecutive patients with SAC were surgically treated using endoscopic fenestration (VC or VCC) between March 2004 and February 2011. The mean age was 18.5 months (range 5 days to 37 months). Five patients were previously untreated, and 1 patient had previously undergone ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. Five patients underwent preoperative CT cisternography, and communication between the SAC and the basal cisterns was demonstrated in 3 patients, very slight communication in 1, and no communication in 1. Four patients, including the 3 with communication between the SAC and basal cisterns, underwent VC. Two patients with very slight or no communication underwent VCC. In all patients the SAC decreased in size and hydrocephalus improved postoperatively. Five patients (3 treated with VC and 2 with VCC [83%]) have been stable without reoperation (mean follow-up 32.7 months). All 3 patients with an SAC communicating with the basal cisterns have been stable without reoperation following VC. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative cisternography may be useful for selecting the optimal endoscopic treatment method for SAC. If an SAC communicates with the basal cisterns, a VC could be an effective, safe, and simpler treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ogiwara
- Division of Neurosurgery, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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Algin O, Tosun O, Ozmen E, Karaoglanoglu M. RE: Neuroimaging application of constructive interference in steady-state sequence and other heavily T2-weighted sequences. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2011; 55:506. [PMID: 22008171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-9485.2011.02307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tosun O, Kilic Ozmen E, Akgunduz G, Karaoglanoglu M, Stachura K. Which is the best radiological technique to demonstrate spontaneous or endoscopic third ventriculostomy? Neurol Neurochir Pol 2011; 45:309-10; author reply 310. [PMID: 21866489 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3843(14)60085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Magnetic resonance velocity mapping of 3D cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics in hydrocephalus: preliminary results. Eur Radiol 2011; 22:232-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-011-2247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Algin O. Radiologic evaluation of spontaneous or endoscopic third ventriculostomy: which technique is more useful? Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2011; 113:700-2. [PMID: 21641716 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Algin O, Hakyemez B, Parlak M. Phase-contrast MRI and 3D-CISS versus contrast-enhanced MR cisternography for the detection of spontaneous third ventriculostomy. J Neuroradiol 2010; 38:98-104. [PMID: 20627312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the diagnostic efficacies of phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) and three-dimensional constructive interference in steady-state (3D-CISS) sequence for the detection of spontaneous third ventriculostomy (STV) on the basis of contrast-enhanced MR cisternography (MRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Eleven obstructive hydrocephalus patients with clinically-radiologically suspected STV and ten controls were examined by PC-MRI, 3D-CISS and MRC. PC-MRI and 3D-CISS sequence were applied to view the third ventricle and basal cisterns. Following injection of 0.5-1ml intrathecal Gd-DTPA injection, postcontrast MRC images were obtained in three planes. Presence of STV was scored as follows: grade 0, no existence of STV; grade 1, STV present. Results of PC-MRI and 3D-CISS were compared with the MRC findings. RESULTS In PC-MRI, five patients were assessed as grade 0 and six cases grade 1. As a result of 3D-CISS sequence, eight cases were evaluated as grade 0 and three cases grade 1. Based on MRC, nine cases were assessed as grade 0 and two cases grade 1. False positivity was found in four cases by PC-MRI and in one case by 3D-CISS. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PC-MRI and 3D-CISS sequence regarding demonstration of STV, were 100, 100, 56, 89, 64, and 91% respectively. DISCUSSION PC-MRI and 3D-CISS are helpful in confirming the STV. PC-MRI and 3D-CISS should be the first preference. If PC-MRI and 3D-CISS give negative results, then MRC is not required. MRC should be performed on patients who demonstrate suspected STV findings on PC-MRI and 3D-CISS sequences. MRC may prevent false positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Algin
- Department of Radiology, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - B Hakyemez
- Department of Neuroradiology, Uludag University Medical Faculty, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - M Parlak
- Department of Neuroradiology, Uludag University Medical Faculty, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey
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Stadlbauer A, Salomonowitz E, van der Riet W, Buchfelder M, Ganslandt O. Insight into the patterns of cerebrospinal fluid flow in the human ventricular system using MR velocity mapping. Neuroimage 2010; 51:42-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Algin O, Hakyemez B, Parlak M. The efficiency of PC-MRI in diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus and prediction of shunt response. Acad Radiol 2010; 17:181-7. [PMID: 19910214 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Revised: 08/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES In this prospective study, we aimed to reveal the efficiency of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) in the diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) and prediction of shunt response. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 43 patients with INPH diagnosis and 15 asymptomatic age-matched controls. PC-MRI studies were applied on cerebral aqueduct and superior sagittal sinus (SSS) in all the cases. RESULTS The maximum and mean cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow velocities were significantly higher in the INPH patients compared with the controls (P < .05). CSF stroke volume (43.2 + or - 63.8 microL) and output/min (3921 + or - 5668 microL) were remarkably higher in the NPH group compared with the control group (3.9 + or - 3.9 microL, 439 + or - 487 microL, respectively) (P < .05). Maximum and mean venous velocity values of the INPH patients (maximum, 19.2 + or - 4.3 cm/s; mean, 16 + or - 3.7 cm/s), were lower than those of the control group (maximum, 21.8 + or - 4.6 cm/s; mean, 18.9 + or - 3.9 cm/s) (P < .05). Stroke volume and venous output/min values of INPH patients in SSS, were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < .001, P = .007, respectively). The response of INPH patients against shunt treatment showed no statistical correlation with any of the PC-MRI parameters (P > .05). CONCLUSION The measurement of CSF venous flow velocities with PC-MRI is a noninvasive test that benefits INPH diagnosis, but remains inadequate in prediction of response against shunt treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oktay Algin
- Department of Radiology, Uludag University Medical Faculty, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey.
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Algin O. Role of complex hydrocephalus in unsuccessful endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Childs Nerv Syst 2010; 26:3-4; author reply 5-6. [PMID: 19823851 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-009-1001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Algin O, Hakyemez B, Parlak M. Phase-contrast MRI and 3D-CISS versus contrast-enhanced MR cisternography on the evaluation of the aqueductal stenosis. Neuroradiology 2009; 52:99-108. [PMID: 19756563 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-009-0592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the current study, we aimed to compare the diagnostic efficacies of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) and three-dimensional constructive interference in steady-state (3D-CISS) sequence over detection of aqueductal stenosis (AS) on the basis of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance cisternography (MRC). METHODS Twenty-five patients with clinically and radiologically suspected AS were examined by PC-MRI, 3D-CISS, and MRC. Axial-sagittal PC-MRI and sagittal 3D-CISS were applied to view the cerebral aqueduct. Following injection of 0.5-1 ml intrathecal gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) injection, postcontrast MRC images were obtained in three planes in early and late phases. Aqueductal patency was scored as follows: grade 0, normal; grade 1, partial narrowing; and grade 2, complete obstruction. Results of PC-MRI and 3D-CISS were compared with the findings of MRC. RESULTS In PC-MRI, seven cases were assessed as grade 0, 16 cases grade 1, and two cases grade 2. As a result of 3D-CISS sequence, eight cases were evaluated as grade 0, 12 cases grade 1, and five cases grade 2. Based on MRC, nine cases were assessed as grade 0, whereas nine and seven cases were evaluated to be grades 1 and 2, respectively. Five cases that demonstrated partial patency in PC-MRI or 3D-CISS showed complete obstruction by MRC. CONCLUSION PC-MRI is helpful in confirming the AS. However, positive flow does not necessarily exclude the existence of AS. 3D-CISS sequence provides excellent cerebrospinal fluid-to-aqueduct contrast, allowing detailed study of the anatomic features of the aqueduct. MRC should be performed on patients who demonstrate suspected AS findings on PC-MRI and/or 3D-CISS sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oktay Algin
- Department of Radiology, Uludag University Medical Faculty, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey.
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Algin O, Hakyemez B, Gokalp G, Ozcan T, Korfali E, Parlak M. The contribution of 3D-CISS and contrast-enhanced MR cisternography in detecting cerebrospinal fluid leak in patients with rhinorrhoea. Br J Radiol 2009; 83:225-32. [PMID: 19723768 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/56838652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the value of unenhanced (three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state (3D-CISS)) and contrast-enhanced MR cisternography (CE-MRC) in detecting the localisation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in patients with rhinorrhoea. 17 patients with active or suspected CSF rhinorrhoea were included in the study. 3D-CISS sequences in coronal and sagittal planes and fat-suppressed T1-weighted spin-echo sequences in three planes before and after intrathecal contrast media administration were obtained. Images were obtained of the cribriform plate and sphenoid sinus. In addition, high-resolution CT (HRCT) was performed in order to evaluate the bony elements. The leak was present in 9/17 patients with 3D-CISS and 10/17 patients with CE-MRC. The leak from the cribriform plate to the nasal cavity in six patients and from the sphenoid sinus in four patients was nicely shown by CE-MRC. Eight of those patients were surgically treated, but spontaneous regression of the symptoms in two precluded any intervention. The leak localisations shown with CE-MRC were fully compatible with surgical results. The sensitivities of HRCT, 3D-CISS and CE-MRC for showing CSF leakage were 88%, 76% and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, 3D-CISS is a non-invasive and reliable technique, and should be the first-choice method to localise CSF leak. CE-MRC is helpful in conditions when there is no leak or in complicated cases with a positive beta2-transferrin measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Algin
- Department of Radiology, Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
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