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Ding Y, Chen Z, Wen H, Luo D, Yuan Y, Zhang S, Zhong X, Li S. Prenatal Diagnosis of Cerebellar Cortical Dysplasia: Case Report. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01688-9. [PMID: 38607531 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This was a study of 12 cerebellar cortical dysplasias (CCDs) fetuses, these cases were characterized by a disorder of cerebellar fissures. Historically, CCD diagnosis was primarily performed using postnatal imaging. Unique to this study was the case series of CCD for prenatal diagnosis using prenatal ultrasound, as well as we found that AXIN1 and FOXC1 mutations may be related to CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen City, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhixuan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen City, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huaxuan Wen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen City, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen City, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen City, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shaojun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen City, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhong
- Department of Ultrasound, Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Xiamen City, 361000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen City, 518000, Guangdong Province, China.
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D'Amico A, Melis D, D'Arco F, Di Paolo N, Carotenuto B, D'Anna G, Russo C, Boemio P, Brunetti A. Adams Oliver syndrome: Description of a new phenotype with cerebellar abnormalities in a family. Pol J Radiol 2013; 78:83-7. [PMID: 24505229 PMCID: PMC3908514 DOI: 10.12659/pjr.889531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To describe cerebellar abnormalities in a family composed by a father and two affected sibs with Adams Oliver syndrome (AOS) (OMIM 100300). Material/Methods Brain MRI and MR angiography were performed at 1.5T. Results The siblings presented cerebellar cortex dysplasia characterized by the presence of cysts. Conclusions Abnormalities of CNS are an unusual manifestation of AOS. To our knowledge, this is the first report of cerebellar cortical dysplasia in a family with AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Neuroradiology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice D'Arco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Neuroradiology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Nilde Di Paolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Neuroradiology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Carotenuto
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Neuroradiology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro D'Anna
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Neuroradiology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Russo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Neuroradiology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Boemio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Neuroradiology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Massoud M, Clerc J, Cagneux M, Vasiljevic A, Massardier J, Doret M, Gaucherand P, Des Portes V, Guibaud L. Prenatal diagnosis of cerebellar cortical dysplasia associated with abnormalities of foliation. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2012; 40:243-244. [PMID: 22689128 DOI: 10.1002/uog.11210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Massoud
- Centre Pluridisciplinaire de Diagnostic Prénatal, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
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Soto-Ares G, Joyes B, Delmaire C, Vallee L, Pruvo JP. Imagerie par résonance magnétique du retard mental non spécifique. J Neuroradiol 2005; 32:224-38. [PMID: 16237361 DOI: 10.1016/s0150-9861(05)83143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mental retardation is considered idiopathic or not otherwise specified when no etiological diagnosis can be identified in spite of comprehensive history, physical examination and metabolic or genetic investigations. In such cases, brain MRI is indicated for patients with abnormal head size or shape, craniofacial malformation, somatic anomalies, neurocutaneous findings, seizures, focal neurological findings or behavioral and/or developmental problems. Brain anomalies are now considered a main category for the etiology of mental retardation. MRI evaluation should include axial images of the entire brain, sagittal images through the midline structures, and coronal images of the posterior fossa or entire brain. MRI allows detection of major and or minor cerebral anomalies or malformations, sometimes multiple. In the literature, the most frequently involved structures include: 1/ corpus callosum (hypoplasia, short corpus callosum and verticalized splenium), 2/ septum pellucidum (cavum septum pellucidum or cavum vergae), 3/ ventricles (ventriculomegaly), 4/ cerebral cortex (cortical dysplasia), 5/ cerebellum (hypoplasia), and 6/ extra-axial CSF spaces (enlargement). In our patient population, dysplasia involving the cerebellum and vermis have been identified, a finding that has not yet been described in the literature. MRI allows detection of multiple minor morphological anomalies. Most have classically been considered as normal variants but they may in fact be markers of cerebral dysgenesis and are currently the only anomaly detected in the work-up of patients with mental retardation. Their role in the pathogenesis of mental retardation is under evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Soto-Ares
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHRU Lille, France.
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Adamsbaum C, Moutard ML, André C, Merzoug V, Ferey S, Quéré MP, Lewin F, Fallet-Bianco C. MRI of the fetal posterior fossa. Pediatr Radiol 2005; 35:124-40. [PMID: 15565345 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-004-1316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Accepted: 07/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
MRI is a useful tool to complement US for imaging of the fetal posterior fossa (PF). In France, the discovery of a PF malformation in the fetus frequently leads to termination of pregnancy (80% in a personal series). However, despite improved accuracy in the diagnosis of PF abnormalities, prognosis remains uncertain. The first objective of this review is to document the normal MRI landmarks of the developing fetal PF. Because of their thinness, the visibility of the cerebellar fissures is dramatically delayed on MRI compared to macroscopic data. An important landmark is identification of the primary fissure of the vermis, normally seen at around 25-26 weeks' gestation (WG) on the sagittal slice, separating the larger posterior lobe from the anterior lobe (volume ratio around 2:1). The prepyramidal and secondary fissures are usually only identifiable after 32 WG and the hemispheric fissures are difficult to see until the end of pregnancy. Considering the signal changes, high signal on T2-weighted (T2-W) sequences is seen from 25 WG in the posterior part of the brain stem (tegmentum and ascending sensory tracts) related to myelination. The low signal intensities seen within the cerebellum on T2-W images correspond to high cellularity of grey matter (deep nuclei), as there is no myelination within the white matter before 38 WG. The second objective is to highlight the signs highly predictive of a poor neurological prognosis. Lack of pontine curvature or vermian agenesis without a PF cyst (small volume of PF) is greatly associated with poor neurological status. The third objective is to propose a diagnostic strategy in difficult cases where prognosis is important, e.g. the Dandy Walker continuum. Analysis of the cerebellum is often impossible if a PF cyst is present (whatever its nature) as the mass effect usually blurs the foliation and even impairs evaluation of the normal ratio between the posterior and anterior lobes of the vermis. Isolated cerebellar hypoplasias raise the question of prognosis and genetic counselling. Such uncertainties require an amniocentesis and a careful search for other anomalies (cerebral and extracerebral). Unilateral abnormalities of a cerebellar hemisphere can be associated with good neurological status if they are isolated. The final objective is to discuss other rare PF fetal abnormalities, such as vascular malformations and tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Adamsbaum
- Department of Radiology, St Vincent de Paul Hospital, 82 avenue Denfert Rochereau, 75674 Paris Cedex 14, France.
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Jissendi Tchofo P, De Tiege X, Goldman S, Van Bogaert P, David PH, Pruvo JP, Soto Ares G. Supratentorial functional disturbances in two children with cerebellar cortical dysplasia. J Neuroradiol 2004; 31:399-405. [PMID: 15687960 DOI: 10.1016/s0150-9861(04)97024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
When evaluating children with mental retardation, subtle cerebral and cerebellar morphologic anomalies are often noted at Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Some, such as cerebellar cortical dysplasia (CCD), have been considered as subtle markers of cerebral dysgenesis. Their functional significance and their effect on brain function, remain unknown. To study supratentorial functional disturbances related to CCD we performed Positron-Emission-Tomography (PET) studies in two children with isolated CCD, in order to investigate the degree of involvement of supratentorial structures. One had developmental delay, motor disturbances and ataxia, and the other one only had mental retardation. PET studies revealed hypoperfusion and hypometabolism within the vermis, thalamus and the right striatum in one case, and hypometabolism in the basal ganglia and cerebellar deep grey nuclei in the other case. Our results could lead to a hypothesis explaining motor disturbances as well as cognitive impairment, and could suggest a pathological functional significance of CCD. Nevertheless, the relationship between these findings and mental retardation needs further investigation.
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Soto Ares G, Deries B, Delmaire C, Devisme L, Ruchoux MM, Pruvo JP. Dysplasie du cortex cérébelleux : aspects en IRM et signification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 85:729-40. [PMID: 15243373 DOI: 10.1016/s0221-0363(04)97675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Because it is now possible to obtain high-resolution multiplanar MR imaging of the cerebellum and because of the developing interest on the role of the cerebellum on higher brain functions, we have decided to study the process of cerebellar fissuration. All brain MRI examinations performed in children for varied neurological and neurosurgical indications, especially children with non-specific mental retardation and patients with cerebral malformation detected at initial imaging work-up, were reviewed. Fissuration and lobulation anomalies (abnormal orientation of fissures, pseudopolymicrogyria, cortical thickening, subcortical cysts and heterotopia) were identified that we called cerebellar cortical dysplasia (CCD). In order to better understand the origin of this malformation, current data on cerebellar embryogenesis and histogenesis will be reviewed, and the pathological and radiological features will be illustrated. Milder forms of CCD represent a distinct group of anomalies that should be distinguished from other types of cerebellar dysplasia (agenesis, hypoplasia or complex dysplasia with involvement of the cerebellar vermis (rhombencephalosynapsis)) or combined cerebellar and cerebral dysplasia (muscular dystrophies and lissencephaly). Recognition of cerebellar cortical dysplasia could be a first step towards a broader understanding of its pathogenesis and significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Soto Ares
- Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Roger Salengro, Lille.
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Soto-Ares G, Joyes B, Lemaître MP, Vallée L, Pruvo JP. MRI in children with mental retardation. Pediatr Radiol 2003; 33:334-45. [PMID: 12695867 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-003-0891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2002] [Accepted: 01/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mental retardation (MR) an aetiological diagnosis is not always obtained despite a detailed history, physical examination and metabolic or genetic investigations. In some of these patients, MRI is recommended and may identify subtle abnormal brain findings. OBJECTIVE We reviewed the cerebral MRI of children with non-specific mental retardation in an attempt to establish a neuroanatomical picture of this disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty children with non-specific MR were selected to undergo cerebral MRI. The examination included supratentorial axial slices, mid-sagittal images and posterior fossa coronal images. Brain malformations, midline and cerebellar abnormalities were studied. RESULTS In 27 of 30 patients, the neuroimaging evaluation revealed a relatively high incidence of cerebral and posterior fossa abnormalities. The most frequent were: dysplasia of the corpus callosum (46%; hypoplasia, short corpus callosum and vertical splenium), partially opened septum pellucidum and/or cavum vergae (33%), ventriculomegaly (33%), cerebral cortical dysplasia (23%), subarachnoid space enlargement (16.6%), vermian hypoplasia (33%), cerebellar and/or vermian disorganised folia (20%), and subarachnoid spaces enlargement in the posterior fossa (20%). Other anomalies were: enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces (10%), white matter anomalies (10%) and cerebellar or vermian atrophy. CONCLUSIONS MRI has shown a high incidence of subtle cerebral abnormalities and unexpected minor forms of cerebellar cortical dysplasia. Even if most of these abnormalities are considered as subtle markers of brain dysgenesis, their role in the pathogenesis of mental retardation needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Soto-Ares
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Roger Salengro, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France.
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