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Avijit D, Kamalakannan D. Geochemistry and mass balance of selected heavy metals in East Kolkata Wetlands, a Ramsar site of West Bengal, India. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130574. [PMID: 37055949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A geochemical profile of the East Kolkata Wetlands and its efficiency in treating municipal and industrial wastewater is presented in this study. The mean concentration (mg/L) of some of the trace metals in the untreated pond waters decreased in the order of Mn (12.6) > Cr (11.8) > Fe (8.0) > Ni (6.2) > Zn (2.7) > Cu (2.6) > As (2.0) > Pb (1.8) > Cd (0.2). The corresponding mean concentration (mg/kg, dry weight) of the sediment trace metals decreases in the order of Fe (446.2) > Mn (114.1) > As (112.4) > Cr (30) > Zn (9.0) > Ni (6.8) >Cu (5.7) > Pb (3.0) > Cd (0.5). Our study found that the bioremediation of the wastewaters containing Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn was not uniform in all the ponds. Although reduced concentrations of Mn and Fe were found in 98% of the treated pond waters, 56% of the ponds could not remove Zn and As. Mass balance calculation showed that the differential load after microbial treatment of the wastewaters decreased in the order of Cr (differential load 3463 kg/day), Ni (1743 kg/day), Cu and Zn (681, 684 kg/day, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Das Avijit
- Geochronology and Isotope Geology Division, Geological Survey of India, 15 A & B Kyd Street, Kolkata 700016, India.
| | - D Kamalakannan
- Geochronology and Isotope Geology Division, Geological Survey of India, 15 A & B Kyd Street, Kolkata 700016, India
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2
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Isolation of Bacillus sp. A5.3 Strain with Keratinolytic Activity. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020244. [PMID: 35205110 PMCID: PMC8869582 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we described keratinolytic properties of a strain of Bacillus (sp. A5.3) isolated from sites of feather waste accumulation. The proteolytic enzymes secreted by Bacillus sp. A5.3 are serine proteases, are alkaline enzymes, have a wide substrate specificity, and have high thermal stability. Bacillus sp. A5.3 effectively hydrolyzes feathers and can be used in feather-processing technologies and as a source of alkaline and thermostable proteases and keratinases. Abstract Environmental safety and economic factors necessitate a search for new ways of processing poultry farm feathers, which are 90% β-keratin and can be used as a cheap source of amino acids and peptones. In this study, feather-decomposing bacteria were isolated from a site of accumulation of rotten feathers and identified as Bacillus. Among them, the Bacillus sp. A5.3 isolate showed the best keratinolytic properties. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that Bacillus sp. A5.3 cells closely adhere to the feather surface while degrading the feather. It was found that Bacillus sp. A5.3 secretes thermostable alkaline proteolytic and keratinolytic enzymes. Zymographic analysis of the enzymatic extract toward bovine serum albumin, casein, gelatin, and β-keratin revealed the presence of proteases and keratinases with molecular weights 20–250 kDa. The proteolytic and keratinolytic enzymes predominantly belong to the serine protease family. Proteome analysis of the secreted proteins by nano-HPLC coupled with Q-TOF mass spectrometry identified 154 proteins, 13 of which are proteases and peptidases. Thus, strain Bacillus sp. A5.3 holds great promise for use in feather-processing technologies and as a source of proteases and keratinases.
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Saha M, Sarkar A, Bandyopadhyay B. Water quality assessment of East Kolkata Wetland with a special focus on bioremediation by nitrifying bacteria. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:2718-2736. [PMID: 34850689 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW) is designated as International Ramsar site and are the hotspot for large-scale wastewater aquaculture practices. However, the continued surveillance of physicochemical properties of water and application of an eco-friendly approach are essential to ensure safe aquaculture practices. In the present study, we assessed the seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters of water across EKW and investigated the role of nitrifying bacteria as probiotics. We statistically analyzed various physicochemical properties of water samples from EKW. Results of the statistical analysis indicated a significant variation in all the physicochemical parameters across the selected water bodies of EKW (p < 0.01). We isolated and enumerated Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. and assessed their ability to degrade trichloroethylene (TCE). The role of Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. were further investigated and established through a small-scale experiment. Two microbial isolates, NSW3 and NBW2, displayed superior TCE degradation ability at pH 5, and the application of these strains as probiotics were found to improve the quality of water and survival rate of fishes in the treated experimental tanks. Our findings suggest that the application of the above mixed bacterial cultures in aquaculture could be an effective and environment-friendly approach for safe and productive aquaculture operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Dewandighi, Katwa Road, Burdwan, West Bengal 713 102, India E-mail:
| | - Agniswar Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Bardhaman 713 104, West Bengal, India
| | - Bidyut Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Affiliated to Vidyasagar University, Dewandighi, Katwa Road, Burdwan, West Bengal 713 102, India E-mail:
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Zhang Y, Chen M, Zhao YY, Zhang AY, Peng DH, Lu F, Dai CC. Destruction of the soil microbial ecological environment caused by the over-utilization of the rice-crayfish co-cropping pattern. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147794. [PMID: 34029817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rice-crayfish co-cropping pattern is a traditional method for the intensive utilization of rice fields. In recent years, this pattern has been over-developed in many countries and regions, especially in China, because of its simple agronomic technology and high economic benefits. However, little is known about the potential ecological problems regarding soil microorganisms caused by the over-utilization of this pattern. The results show that rice-crayfish co-cropping, when over-utilized for a long time, reduced soil microbial richness and diversity compared with rice monocropping. A decrease in bacterial abundance in the nitrogen cycle and an increase in bacterial abundance in the carbon cycle led to a decrease in the nitrogen cycle function and an increase in the carbon cycle function. In an analysis of bacteria that are sensitive to cropping patterns, it was found that in the rice-crayfish co-cropping, the relative abundances of sensitive OTUs from Firmicutes (Bacillus and Clostridium) and Chloroflexi (Anaerolineaceae) were significantly higher during the entire growth period than those observed in the rice monocropping pattern, while the relative abundances of sensitive OTUs from Nitrospirae (Nitrospira), Gemmatimonadetes (Gemmatimonas), and Actinobacteria (Nocardioides) were significantly lower than those observed in the rice monocropping pattern. A network analysis shows that growth-period-sensitive OTUs drive the co-occurrence network modules, although the OTUs also have positive and negative correlations among modules but a positive synergistic effect on the regulation of soil nutrients. In addition, OTUs that were sensitive at the booting stage and filling stage were the key microbial groups in the rice-crayfish co-cropping and rice monocropping networks, respectively. Understanding the classifications and functions of sensitive microbes present during the rice growth period is the basis for formulating a microbial flora management strategy for the rice-crayfish co-cropping pattern, which is of great significance for adjusting agricultural management measures and controlling current soil microbial ecological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Man Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ai-Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Da-Hong Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Tyagi I, Tyagi K, Bhutiani R, Chandra K, Kumar V. Bacterial diversity assessment of world's largest sewage-fed fish farms with special reference to water quality: a Ramsar site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42372-42386. [PMID: 33813698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial community structure is one of the essential components of aquaculture dynamics and plays an important role in maintaining wetland health. The present work is an effort to study the structure of bacterial communities in the world's largest sewage-fed fish farms, the East Kolkata Wetlands (EKWs), along with their predicted functional metabolic pathways and correlation with environmental variables. Sequencing data analysis revealed the abundance of genera such as Arcobacter (0-50%), Pseudomonas (0-15%), Sulfurospirillum (0-9%), Cloacibacterium (0-6%), hgcI clade (7-29%), C39 (0-9%), V6 (3-36%), Fluiivicola (1-6%) and Cyanobium (3-8%) in the EKWs. Further, water quality analysis of three treatment groups, i.e. Sewage, Sewage F-1 and Sewage F-2, revealed that dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) differed significantly and violated the standard prescribed norms (Central Pollution Control Board, CPCB, New Delhi) for fishery propagation and irrigation in India. Further, the correlation matrix analysis between the abundance of bacterial genera and environmental variables indicated that DO, BOD and COD were mainly responsible for bacterial community structure and their proliferation in the EKWs. Our results indicated that the abundance of genera such as Arcobacter, Pseudomonas, Sulfurospirillum and Cloacibacterium has an inverse relationship with BOD and COD. Our observations based on the bacterial community structure and deteriorated water quality indicate the ineffective functioning and poor management of this man-made constructed wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderjeet Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 700053, India
| | - Kaomud Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 700053, India
| | - Rakesh Bhutiani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, 249404, India
| | - Kailash Chandra
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 700053, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 700053, India.
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Li JT, Lu JL, Wang HY, Fang Z, Wang XJ, Feng SW, Wang Z, Yuan T, Zhang SC, Ou SN, Yang XD, Wu ZH, Du XD, Tang LY, Liao B, Shu WS, Jia P, Liang JL. A comprehensive synthesis unveils the mysteries of phosphate-solubilizing microbes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2771-2793. [PMID: 34288351 PMCID: PMC9291587 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate-solubilizing microbes (PSMs) drive the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus (P) and hold promise for sustainable agriculture. However, their global distribution, overall diversity and application potential remain unknown. Here, we present the first synthesis of their biogeography, diversity and utility, employing data from 399 papers published between 1981 and 2017, the results of a nationwide field survey in China consisting of 367 soil samples, and a genetic analysis of 12986 genome-sequenced prokaryotic strains. We show that at continental to global scales, the population density of PSMs in environmental samples is correlated with total P rather than pH. Remarkably, positive relationships exist between the population density of soil PSMs and available P, nitrate-nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in soil, reflecting functional couplings between PSMs and microbes driving biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and carbon. More than 2704 strains affiliated with at least nine archaeal, 88 fungal and 336 bacterial species were reported as PSMs. Only 2.59% of these strains have been tested for their efficiencies in improving crop growth or yield under field conditions, providing evidence that PSMs are more likely to exert positive effects on wheat growing in alkaline P-deficient soils. Our systematic genetic analysis reveals five promising PSM genera deserving much more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tian Li
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jing-Li Lu
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Zhou Fang
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Shi-Wei Feng
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Zhang Wang
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Ting Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Sheng-Chang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Shu-Ning Ou
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dan Yang
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Hui Wu
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiang-Deng Du
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Ling-Yun Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Bin Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Wen-Sheng Shu
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Pu Jia
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Jie-Liang Liang
- Institute of Ecological Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
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Evaluation of plant growth promotion properties and induction of antioxidative defense mechanism by tea rhizobacteria of Darjeeling, India. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15536. [PMID: 32968101 PMCID: PMC7511344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 120 rhizobacteria were isolated from seven different tea estates of Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. Based on a functional screening of in vitro plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities, thirty potential rhizobacterial isolates were selected for in-planta evaluation of PGP activities in rice and maize crops. All the thirty rhizobacterial isolates were identified using partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Out of thirty rhizobacteria, sixteen (53.3%) isolates belong to genus Bacillus, five (16.6%) represent genus Staphylococcus, three (10%) represent genus Ochrobactrum, and one (3.3%) isolate each belongs to genera Pseudomonas, Lysinibacillus, Micrococcus, Leifsonia, Exiguobacterium, and Arthrobacter. Treatment of rice and maize seedlings with these thirty rhizobacterial isolates resulted in growth promotion. Besides, rhizobacterial treatment in rice triggered enzymatic [ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), chitinase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)], and non-enzymatic [proline and polyphenolics] antioxidative defense reactions indicating their possible role in the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) burden and thereby priming of plants towards stress mitigation. To understand such a possibility, we tested the effect of rhizobacterial consortia on biotic stress tolerance of rice against necrotrophic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA. Our results indicated that the pretreatment with rhizobacterial consortia increased resistance of the rice plants towards the common foliar pathogen like R. solani AG1-IA. This study supports the idea of the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial consortia in sustainable crop practice through the management of biotic stress under field conditions.
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Mallick I, Bhattacharyya C, Mukherji S, Dey D, Sarkar SC, Mukhopadhyay UK, Ghosh A. Effective rhizoinoculation and biofilm formation by arsenic immobilizing halophilic plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) isolated from mangrove rhizosphere: A step towards arsenic rhizoremediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:1239-1250. [PMID: 28851144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) uptake by plants is largely influenced by the presence of microbial consortia and their interactions with As. In the coastal region of Bengal deltaic plain of Eastern India, the As-contaminated groundwater is frequently used for irrigation purposes resulting in an elevated level of soil As in agricultural lands. The health hazards associated with As necessitates development of cost-effective remediation strategies to reclaim contaminated agricultural lands. Among the available technologies developed in recent times, bioremediation using bacteria has been found to be the most propitious. In this study, two As-resistant halophilic bacterial strains Kocuria flava AB402 and Bacillus vietnamensis AB403 were isolated, identified and characterized from mangrove rhizosphere of Sundarban. The isolates, AB402 and AB403, could tolerate 35mM and 20mM of arsenite, respectively. The effect of As on the exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis, biofilm formation, and root association was evaluated for both the bacterial strains. Arsenic adsorption on the cell surfaces and intracellular accumulation in both the bacterial strains were promising under culture conditions. Moreover, both the strains when used as inoculum, not only promoted the growth of rice seedlings but also decreased As uptake and accumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Mallick
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T Road, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandrima Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T Road, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Shayantan Mukherji
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T Road, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Dhritiman Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T Road, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Abhrajyoti Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, C.I.T Road, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India.
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De Oliveira CT, Pereira JQ, Brandelli A, Daroit DJ. Prospecting soil bacteria from subtropical Brazil for hydrolases production. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Bhattacharyya C, Bakshi U, Mallick I, Mukherji S, Bera B, Ghosh A. Genome-Guided Insights into the Plant Growth Promotion Capabilities of the Physiologically Versatile Bacillus aryabhattai Strain AB211. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:411. [PMID: 28377746 PMCID: PMC5359284 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus aryabhattai AB211 is a plant growth promoting, Gram-positive firmicute, isolated from the rhizosphere of tea (Camellia sinensis), one of the oldest perennial crops and a major non-alcoholic beverage widely consumed all over the world. The whole genome of B. aryabhattai AB211 was sequenced, annotated and evaluated with special focus on genomic elements related to plant microbe interaction. It’s genome sequence reveals the presence of a 5,403,026 bp chromosome. A total of 5226 putative protein-coding sequences, 16 rRNA, 120 tRNA, 8 ncRNAs, 58 non-protein coding genes, and 11 prophage regions were identified. Genome sequence comparisons between strain AB211 and other related environmental strains of B. aryabhattai, identified about 3558 genes conserved among all B. aryabhattai genomes analyzed. Most of the common genes involved in plant growth promotion activities were found to be present within core genes of all the genomes used for comparison, illustrating possible common plant growth promoting traits shared among all the strains of B. aryabhattai. Besides the core genes, some genes were exclusively identified in the genome of strain AB211. Functional annotation of the genes predicted in the strain AB211 revealed the presence of genes responsible for mineral phosphate solubilization, siderophores, acetoin, butanediol, exopolysaccharides, flagella biosynthesis, surface attachment/biofilm formation, and indole acetic acid production, most of which were experimentally verified in the present study. Genome analysis and experimental evidence suggested that AB211 has robust central carbohydrate metabolism implying that this bacterium can efficiently utilize the root exudates and other organic materials as an energy source. Genes for the production of peroxidases, catalases, and superoxide dismutases, that confer resistance to oxidative stresses in plants were identified in AB211 genome. Besides these, genes for heat shock tolerance, cold shock tolerance, glycine-betaine production, and antibiotic/heavy metal resistance that enable bacteria to survive biotic/abiotic stress were also identified. Based on the genome sequence information and experimental evidence as presented in this study, strain AB211 appears to be metabolically diverse and exhibits tremendous potential as a plant growth promoting bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Utpal Bakshi
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical BiologyKolkata, India; Tea Board of India, Ministry of Commerce and IndustryKolkata, India
| | - Ivy Mallick
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute Kolkata, India
| | | | - Biswajit Bera
- Tea Board of India, Ministry of Commerce and Industry Kolkata, India
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Kumar V, Rudra R, Nandy A, Hait S, Kundu PP. Analysis of partially sulfonated low density polyethylene (LDPE) membranes as separators in microbial fuel cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02317k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonated low density polyethylenes (LDPEs) in varied molar ratios have been analyzed as separating barriers in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for bioelectricity production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Patna
- India
| | - Ruchira Rudra
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- University of Calcutta
- India
| | - Arpita Nandy
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- University of Calcutta
- India
| | - Subrata Hait
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Patna
- India
| | - Patit Paban Kundu
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology
- University of Calcutta
- India
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12
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Góngora E, Cadena CD, Dussán J. Toxic metals and associated sporulated bacteria on Andean hummingbird feathers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22968-22979. [PMID: 27581044 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human activities in the Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia, release toxic metals such as lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) into the environment polluting the air, water, and soil. Because birds are in contact with these pollutants and their sources, they may serve as bioindicator organisms. We evaluated the use of hummingbird feathers obtained from individuals captured in three sites of the Sabana de Bogotá as bioindicators of toxic metal pollution using spectrophotometric and spectroscopic methods based on single-feather samples. We also characterized the bacterial microbiota associated with hummingbird feathers by molecular identification using the 16S rRNA with a special focus on sporulated bacteria. Finally, we described the interactions which naturally occur among the feathers, their associated bacteria, and pollutants. We found differences in Pb and Cr concentrations between sampling sites, which ranged from 2.11 to 4.69 ppm and 0.38 to 3.00 ppm, respectively. This may reflect the impact of the activities held in those sites which release pollutants to the environment. Bacterial assemblages mainly consisted of sporulated bacilli in the Bacillaceae family (65.7 % of the identified morphotypes). We conclude that the feathers of wild tropical birds, including hummingbirds, can be used as lead and chromium bioindicators and that bacteria growing on feathers may in fact interact with these two toxic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Góngora
- Centro de Investigaciones Microbiológicas (CIMIC), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18 A - 10, J-206, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Daniel Cadena
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18 A - 10, A-309, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jenny Dussán
- Centro de Investigaciones Microbiológicas (CIMIC), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18 A - 10, J-206, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Kumar V, Mondal S, Nandy A, Kundu PP. Analysis of polybenzimidazole and polyvinylpyrrolidone blend membranes as separating barrier in single chambered microbial fuel cells. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Cultivable endophytic bacteria from heavy metal(loid)-tolerant plants. Arch Microbiol 2016; 198:941-956. [PMID: 27290648 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the interactions among endophytes, plants and heavy metal/arsenic contamination, root endophytic bacteria of Prosopis laevigata (Humb and Bonpl. ex Willd) and Sphaeralcea angustifolia grown in a heavy metal(loid)-contaminated zone in San Luis Potosi, Mexico, were isolated and characterized. Greater abundance and species richness were found in Prosopis than in Sphaeralcea and in the nutrient Pb-Zn-rich hill than in the poor nutrient and As-Cu-rich mine tailing. The 25 species identified among the 60 isolates formed three groups in the correspondence analysis, relating to Prosopis/hill (11 species), Prosopis/mine tailing (4 species) and Sphaeralcea/hill (4 species), with six species ungrouped. Most of the isolates showed high or extremely high resistance to arsenic, such as ≥100 mM for As(V) and ≥20 mM for As(III), in mineral medium. These results demonstrated that the abundance and community composition of root endophytic bacteria were strongly affected by the concentration and type of the heavy metals and metalloids (arsenic), as well as the plant species.
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Kumar V, Kumar P, Nandy A, Kundu PP. Fabrication of laminated and coated Nafion 117 membranes for reduced mass transfer in microbial fuel cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonation of polyvinylidinefluoride (PVdF) with chlorosulfonic acid for 2 hours revealed a respective 33% degree of sulfonation (DS) in a SPVdF membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
- India
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
- India
| | - Arpita Nandy
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
- India
| | - Patit P. Kundu
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
- India
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Kumar V, Kumar P, Nandy A, Kundu PP. A nanocomposite membrane composed of incorporated nano-alumina within sulfonated PVDF-co-HFP/Nafion blend as separating barrier in a single chambered microbial fuel cell. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-Al2O3 is incorporated within the blend of sulfonated PVDF-co-HFP/Nafion in varying molar ratios for the preparation of nanocomposite membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Arpita Nandy
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Patit P. Kundu
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
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Changing bacterial profile of Sundarbans, the world heritage mangrove: impact of anthropogenic interventions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:593-610. [PMID: 25655378 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mangrove microbial communities and their associated activities have profound impact on biogeochemical cycles. Although microbial composition and structure are known to be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors in the mangrove sediments, finding direct correlations between them remains a challenge. In this study we have explored sediment bacterial diversity of the Sundarbans, a world heritage site using a culture-independent molecular approach. Bacterial diversity was analyzed from three different locations with a history of exposure to differential anthropogenic activities. 16S rRNA gene libraries were constructed and partial sequencing of the clones was performed to identify the microbial strains. We identified bacterial strains known to be involved in a variety of biodegradation/biotransformation processes including hydrocarbon degradation, and heavy metal resistance. Canonical Correspondence Analysis of the environmental and exploratory datasets revealed correlations between the ecological indices associated with pollutant levels and bacterial diversity across the sites. Our results indicate that sites with similar exposure of anthropogenic intervention reflect similar patterns of microbial diversity besides spatial commonalities.
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Rudra R, Kumar V, Kundu PP. Acid catalysed cross-linking of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) by glutaraldehyde: effect of crosslink density on the characteristics of PVA membranes used in single chambered microbial fuel cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16068e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, acid catalysed cross-linking of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) with varying concentrations of glutaraldehyde was analyzed and the cross-linked PVAs were utilized as membrane separators in single chambered microbial fuel cells (MFCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Rudra
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Patit Paban Kundu
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
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Kumar V, Kumar P, Nandy A, Kundu PP. Crosslinked inter penetrating network of sulfonated styrene and sulfonated PVdF-co-HFP as electrolytic membrane in a single chamber microbial fuel cell. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03411f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, semi-IPN membranes of sulfonated styrene (SS) and sulfonated PVdF-co-HFP membranes have been analyzed as a polymer electrolyte membrane in single chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Arpita Nandy
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
| | - Patit Paban Kundu
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700009
- India
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Improvement of degummed ramie fiber properties upon treatment with cellulase secreting immobilized A. larrymoorei A1. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:341-51. [PMID: 25194464 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Degummed ramie fiber is widely used in the textile industry. Cellulase enzyme can be effectively used for bio-polishing of the ramie fiber. We immobilized Agrobacterium larrymoorei A1, a potent extra-cellular cellulase producing bacteria, in Ca-alginate. The production of enzyme significantly increased with increasing alginate concentration and reached a maximum activity of 0.28 IU/ml at 20 g/l, which was 32% higher as compared to free cells. These immobilized cells were used on ramie fibers. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and differential interference contrast (DIC) studies showed increased smoothness and orientation of surface structure of the fibers after 19.5 h. The single fiber tenacity was almost same as compared to non-treated fiber and the initial modulus increased by 24.01%. The remarkable reusability of these immobilized cells provides a cost effective method for treatment of natural fibers containing cellulose.
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Mukherjee K, Mandal S, Mukhopadhyay B, Mandal NC, Sil AK. Bioactive compound from Pseudomonas synxantha inhibits the growth of Mycobacteria. Microbiol Res 2013; 169:794-802. [PMID: 24439826 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a dreaded disease and the current situation demands new anti-tubercular agent(s) for the management of public health. Towards this direction, we obtained a contaminant organism on a Mycobacterium smegmatis lawn having growth inhibitory activity against the later. In the current study, efforts were targeted to identify this organism and characterize the bioactive compound from this isolate that inhibited the growth of Mycobacteria. The result revealed that the organism is a strain of Pseudomonas synxantha. Biophysical analyses including (1)H and (13)C NMR, ESI-mass spectroscopy, FTIR showed that the bioactive compound is a long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon with a terminal alyl bond and intermediate electronegative atom. The compound exhibited strong growth inhibitory activities against M. smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains H37Ra, H37Rv and BCG. Further experiments showed that both P. synxantha and its secretory metabolites are capable of inducing hemolysis of human blood. Thus the results of this study clearly indicate that the bioactive compound produced by P. Synxantha has biosurfactant activities as well as anti-myco-bacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, BC Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Santanu Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur Nadia-741252, India
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata (IISER-K), Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur Nadia-741252, India
| | - Nitai Chandra Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P 1/12, C.I.T. Road, Scheme, VIIM, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Alok Kumar Sil
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, BC Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
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Krishnamurthi S, Chakrabarti T. Diversity of bacteria and archaea from a landfill in Chandigarh, India as revealed by culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular approaches. Syst Appl Microbiol 2012; 36:56-68. [PMID: 23274043 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial community structure of a municipal landfill in Chandigarh, India was analysed by culture-dependent as well as culture-independent molecular approaches, and archaeal structure by the latter method. Samples were collected in two phases from the surface and a depth of 0.91 m in June, 2004 and from 0.91 m, 1.52 m and 1.68 m in May, 2005. After serial dilutions, samples were plated onto tryptic soy agar (TSA), plate count agar (PCA), tryptic soy broth agar (TSBA) and TSBA100 (TSBA diluted 100 times and solidified with agarose), and incubated aerobically at 30°C. The number of bacteria (CFU) on different media ranged between 9.4×10⁵g⁻¹ (on PCA) and 1.9×10⁷g⁻¹ (on TSA) (wet weight). The numbers of bacteria enumerated from plates incubated anaerobically (anaerobic agar and reinforced clostridial agar) were 2.1×10⁷and 1.7×10⁶g⁻¹, respectively. Of the 468 isolated and purified bacteria (183 in the first phase and 285 in the second phase), 135 were characterised using phenotypic characteristics as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. It was found that members of the phylum Firmicutes were overwhelmingly predominant (86.6%) in the landfill, followed by Actinobacteria (9.6%) and Proteobacteria (3.7%). Among the Firmicutes, at least 17 species from the single genus Bacillus were the most abundant inhabitants of the landfill. Detailed polyphasic characterisation of many of these isolates led to the discovery of a novel genus Paenisporosarcina (and the species P. quisquiliarum), a novel species of Microbacterium, M. immunditiarum, and reclassification of Sporosarcina macmurdoensis, Pelagibacillus goriensis, Bacillus silvestris, Bacillus insolitus, Bacillus psychrotolerans and Bacillus psychrodurans. Culture-independent analysis of two 16S rRNA gene libraries also revealed that the phylum Firmicutes was the predominant group in this community. The diversity of Archaea was found to be limited mainly to members of two orders: Methanosarcinales and Methanomicrobiales of the phylum Euryarchaeota. When these results were compared to those reported earlier on similar studies, it was found that irrespective of differences in composition of municipal solid waste (especially compostable organic matter and paper) and climate, the members of bacterial and archaeal communities in landfills of many countries remained broadly similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishnamurthi
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India.
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Trujillo-Cabrera Y, Ponce-Mendoza A, Vásquez-Murrieta MS, Rivera-Orduña FN, Wang ET. Diverse cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the high humus, alkaline-saline chinampa soils. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Barua S, Tripathi S, Chakraborty A, Ghosh S, Chakrabarti K. Characterization and crop production efficiency of diazotrophic bacterial isolates from coastal saline soils. Microbiol Res 2012; 167:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Characterization and phylogenetic diversity of carboxymethyl cellulase producing bacillus species from a landfill ecosystem. Indian J Microbiol 2011; 51:531-5. [PMID: 23024419 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-011-0153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Total population of cellulose degrading bacteria was studied in a landfill ecosystem as a part of microbial diversity study. Samples were obtained from 3 and 5 feet depth of a local landfill being operated for past 10 years. Among many isolates, 22 bacterial strains were selected based on their capability to decompose carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). These isolates were cultivated on agar medium with CMC as the carbon source. All isolates were Gram positive, endospore forming and alkalophilic bacteria with optimum growth pH 9-10. They were grouped based on the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters and representative strains of different groups along with high carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) producing strains were included for further characterization. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene indicated that these strains belong to different species of the genus Bacillus. Maximum CMCase activity of 4.8 U/ml at 50°C was obtained by strain LFC15. Results in the present study indicated the potential of waste land ecosystems such as landfill are potential source for isolation of industrially important microorganisms.
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Ghosh A, Chakrabarti K, Chattopadhyay D. Cloning of feather-degrading minor extracellular protease from Bacillus cereus DCUW: dissection of the structural domains. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:2049-2057. [PMID: 19383694 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.027573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular proteases play an important role in cell survival and cell-cell communication. A high-molecular-mass minor extracellular protease (Vpr) from a feather-degrading bacterium, Bacillus cereus DCUW, has been reported by our laboratory. In the present study, we cloned and expressed Vpr in Escherichia coli. Complete nucleotide sequencing of this gene predicted that the protease is a member of the serine protease family, and smart domain analysis revealed that the protease consists of an N-terminal signal sequence for secretion, a subtilisin_N sequence that is a signature for N-terminal processing, a catalytic S_8 peptidase domain, and finally a long C-terminal protease-associated (PA) region containing nine intrinsically disordered subdomains. Four truncated constructs of the Vpr protease were cloned and expressed in E. coli. We found that the catalytic domain (amino acid residues 172-583) is sufficient for protease activity. Maturation of the Vpr protease needed both N-terminal and C-terminal processing. We have demonstrated that the oligomerization property is associated with the C-terminal protease-associated domain and also shown that the substrate-binding specificity to raw feather resides in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhrajyoti Ghosh
- Dr B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, India.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, India
| | | | - Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay
- Dr B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, India.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, India
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Islam SMA, Hong SJ, Cho KM, Math RK, Heo JY, Lee YH, Lee KS, Yun HD. Bacterial diversity and structural changes of oyster shell during 1-year storage. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2009; 57:221-228. [PMID: 18762853 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-008-9439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We examined the biodiversity of bacteria associated with oyster-shell waste during a 1-year storage period using 16S ribosomal DNA analysis. Temperature variation and structural changes of oyster shell were observed during storage. Initial and final temperatures were at 16-17 degrees C, but a high temperature of about 60 degrees C was recorded after approximately 6 months of storage. The crystal structure and nanograin of the oyster shell surface were sharp and large in size initially and became gradually blunter and smaller over time. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Firmicutes were dominant in the oyster-shell waste initially, during the high-temperature stage, and after 1 year of storage (making up >65% of the biodiversity at all three sampling times). Bacillus licheniformis was presumed as the predominate Firmicutes present. These bacteria are likely to have important roles in the biodegradation of oyster shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Md Asraful Islam
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Baik KS, Park SC, Kim EM, Bae KS, Ahn JH, Ka JO, Chun J, Seong CN. Diversity of bacterial community in freshwater of Woopo wetland. J Microbiol 2008; 46:647-55. [PMID: 19107393 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-008-0135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diversity of bacterial community in water layer of Woopo wetland was investigated. Cultivable bacterial strains were isolated by the standard dilution plating technique and culture-independent 16S rRNA gene clones were obtained directly from DNA extracts of a water sample. Amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) was applied onto both of the isolates and 16S rRNA gene clones. Rarefaction curves, coverage rate and diversity indices of ARDRA patterns were calculated. Representative isolates and clones of all the single isolate/clone phylotype were partially sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. Sixty-four and 125 phylotypes were obtained from 203 bacterial isolates and 235 culture-independent 16S rRNA gene clones, respectively. Bacterial isolates were composed of 4 phyla, of which Firmicutes (49.8%) and Actinobacteria (32.0%) were predominant. Isolates were affiliated with 58 species. Culture-independent 16S rRNA gene clones were composed of 8 phyla, of which Proteobacteria (62.2%), Actinobacteria (15.5%), and Bacteroidetes (13.7%) were predominant. Diversity of 16S rRNA gene clones originated from cultivation-independent DNA extracts was higher than that of isolated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Sik Baik
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Republic of Korea
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Degradation of raw feather by a novel high molecular weight extracellular protease from newly isolated Bacillus cereus DCUW. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:825-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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