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Gu X, Cao Z, Zhao L, Seswita-Zilda D, Zhang Q, Fu L, Li J. Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal-Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11019. [PMID: 37446198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae and macroalgae-associated bacteria together constitute the most efficient metabolic cycling system in the ocean. Their interactions, especially the responses of macroalgae-associated bacteria communities to algae in different geographical locations, are mostly unknown. In this study, metagenomics was used to analyze the microbial diversity and associated algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes on the surface of red algae among three remote regions. There were significant differences in the macroalgae-associated bacteria community composition and diversity among the different regions. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria had a significantly high relative abundance among the regions. From the perspective of species diversity, samples from China had the highest macroalgae-associated bacteria diversity, followed by those from Antarctica and Indonesia. In addition, in the functional prediction of the bacterial community, genes associated with amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and membrane transport had a high relative abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis and redundancy analysis of environmental factors showed that, without considering algae species and composition, pH and temperature were the main environmental factors affecting bacterial community structure. Furthermore, there were significant differences in algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes among the regions. Samples from China and Antarctica had high abundances of algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, while those from Indonesia had extremely low abundances. The environmental differences between these three regions may impose a strong geographic differentiation regarding the biodiversity of algal microbiomes and their expressed enzyme genes. This work expands our knowledge of algal microbial ecology, and contributes to an in-depth study of their metabolic characteristics, ecological functions, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Gu
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Luying Zhao
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Dewi Seswita-Zilda
- Research Center for Deep Sea, Earth Sciences and Maritime Research Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Pasir Putih Raya, Pademangan, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Liping Fu
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Key Lab of Ecological Environment Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
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Lu DC, Wang FQ, Amann RI, Teeling H, Du ZJ. Epiphytic common core bacteria in the microbiomes of co-located green (Ulva), brown (Saccharina) and red (Grateloupia, Gelidium) macroalgae. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:126. [PMID: 37264413 PMCID: PMC10233909 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macroalgal epiphytic microbial communities constitute a rich resource for novel enzymes and compounds, but studies so far largely focused on tag-based microbial diversity analyses or limited metagenome sequencing of single macroalgal species. RESULTS We sampled epiphytic bacteria from specimens of Ulva sp. (green algae), Saccharina sp. (brown algae), Grateloupia sp. and Gelidium sp. (both red algae) together with seawater and sediment controls from a coastal reef in Weihai, China, during all seasons. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we identified 14 core genera (consistently present on all macroalgae), and 14 dominant genera (consistently present on three of the macroalgae). Core genera represented ~ 0.7% of all genera, yet accounted for on average 51.1% of the bacterial abundances. Plate cultivation from all samples yielded 5,527 strains (macroalgae: 4,426) representing 1,235 species (685 potentially novel). Sequencing of selected strains yielded 820 non-redundant draft genomes (506 potentially novel), and sequencing of 23 sampled metagenomes yielded 1,619 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), representing further 1,183 non-redundant genomes. 230 isolates and 153 genomes were obtained from the 28 core/dominant genera. We analyzed the genomic potential of phycosphere bacteria to degrade algal polysaccharides and to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. We predicted 4,451 polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) and 8,810 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). These were particularly prevalent in core/dominant genera. CONCLUSIONS Our metabolic annotations and analyses of MAGs and genomes provide new insights into novel species of phycosphere bacteria and their ecological niches for an improved understanding of the macroalgal phycosphere microbiome. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chen Lu
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180, Wenhua Xilu, Weihai, Shandong Province 264209 China
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, Bremen, 28359 Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Feng-Qing Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, Bremen, 28359 Germany
| | - Rudolf I. Amann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, Bremen, 28359 Germany
| | - Hanno Teeling
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, Bremen, 28359 Germany
| | - Zong-Jun Du
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180, Wenhua Xilu, Weihai, Shandong Province 264209 China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 China
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Niño Corredor AN, Comba González NB, Acelas M, Montoya Castaño D. Genome of the epiphytic bacterium Achromobacter denitrificans strain EPI24, isolated from a macroalga located in the Colombian Caribbean. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 37:e00788. [PMID: 36874444 PMCID: PMC9974418 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae are being recognized as reservoirs of biologically active compounds, as their surfaces are susceptible to the colonization of microorganisms which can produce enzymes with a wide range of molecular architectures. Among these bacteria, Achromobacter is responsible for the biosynthesis of laccases. In this research, we performed a bioinformatic pipeline to annotate the sequenced complete genome of the epiphytic bacterium Achromobacter denitrificans strain EPI24, from the macroalgal surface of the Ulva lactuca species; this strain showed laccase activity which has been previously assessed on plate assays. The genome of A. denitrificans strain EPI24 has a size of ∼6.95 Mb, a GC content of 67.33%, and 6,603 protein-coding genes. The functional annotation of the A. denitrificans strain EPI24 genome confirmed the presence of genes encoding for laccases, which could have functional properties of interest in processes such as the biodegradation of phenolic compounds under versatile and efficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Nicolás Niño Corredor
- Group of Bioprocesses and Bioprospecting, Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Mauricio Acelas
- Macromolecules Research Group, Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dolly Montoya Castaño
- Group of Bioprocesses and Bioprospecting, Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Guzzon R, Bertoldi D, Roman T, Zanzotti R, Franciosi E. Spatial and Seasonal Structure of Bacterial Communities Within Alpine Vineyards: Trentino as a Case Study. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:108-120. [PMID: 35028709 PMCID: PMC9849295 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria have a fundamental role in determining the fitness of grapevine, the composition of grapes and the features of wines but at present, little information is available. In this work, the bacteria colonizing the different portions of grapevine (bark, leaves and grapes) were explored in the vineyards of the Alpine region of Trentino, considering the impact of different environmental and agronomical variables. The vineyards included in the work were selected based on their different geographical positions (altitude) and grapevine training systems in order to explore the whole variability of the grapevine ecosystem. Moreover, the surface amount of copper was measured on grapes and leaves during the vegetative growth. Bacterial analysis, performed using plate counts and Illumina MiSeq, revealed an increase in the concentration of grape bacteria proportional to the progress of the ripening stage. Conversely, the peak of bacterial concentration onto leaf and bark samples occurred in August, probably due to the more favourable environmental conditions. In bark samples, the bacterial microbiota reached the 7 log CFU/cm2, while 6 log UFC/g were measured in grape samples. A remarkable biodiversity was observed, with 13 phyla, 35 classes, 55 orders, 78 families and 95 genera of bacteria present. The presence of some taxa (Alphaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionaceae, Clostriadiales, Oscillospira, Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidales) was ubiquitous in all vineyards, but differences in terms of relative abundance were observed according to the vegetative stage, altitude of the vineyard and training system. Bacteria having oenological implication (Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Oenococcus) were detected in grape samples collected in August, in low abundance. The data revealed a complex bacterial ecosystem inside the vineyard that, while maintaining common traits, evolves according to environmental and agronomical inputs. This study contributes to define the role of bacteria in the complex balance established in each vineyard between human actions and agricultural environment, known as terroir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Guzzon
- , Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Daniela Bertoldi
- , Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Tomas Roman
- , Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Roberto Zanzotti
- , Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Elena Franciosi
- , Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
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Li H, Li JJ, Gao TH, Bi YX, Liu ZY. The Influence of Host Specificity and Temperature on Bacterial Communities Associated with Sargassum (Phaeophyceae) Species. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:815-828. [PMID: 36308470 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Host-related microbiota are critically important for the adaptation/acclimation of hosts to changing environments, but how environmental factors and host characteristics shape the microbial communities remains largely unknown. We investigated the effects of temperature on habitat-forming macroalgae and their associated bacterial communities. Three Sargassum species (S. horneri, S. fusiforme, and S. thunbergii) and seawater samples were sampled in Gouqi Island, China, and these macroalgal samples were incubated at different temperatures (10, 20, and 27°C) for 7 d. Bacterial communities were identified from the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 regions. The algae-associated bacterial communities of the field samples were significantly different from seawater, implying host specificity. During laboratory incubation, decreased physiological status (photosynthetic rate and oxidative stress response) was detected for all the species at 10°C, especially with regard to S. horneri and S. fusiforme. For each host, associated bacterial communities at 20 and 27°C clustered closely, and these were separated from samples at 10°C based on constrained PCoA analyses. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed that algae-associated bacterial communities were more affected by host species (23.3%) than by temperature (2.48%) during laboratory incubation. The changes in bacterial community composition may be influenced by algae metabolites, which should be tested in a future study. These results further contribute to our understanding of algal microbiome changes in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Tian-Heng Gao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Yuan-Xin Bi
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17 Chunhui Road, Yantai, 264003, China
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Sun T, Yang Z, Chen J, Li Y, Wang J, Wang X, Tang X, Xiao H. Effects of Water Loss Stress under Tidal Effects on the Epiphytic Bacterial Community of Sargassum thunbergii in the Intertidal Zone. mSphere 2022; 7:e0030722. [PMID: 36173121 PMCID: PMC9599519 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00307-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intertidal macroalgae face periodic water loss and rehydration caused by daily tidal changes. However, the effect of water loss stress on algal epiphytic bacteria has not yet been reported. In this study, the effects of water loss stress on the epiphytic bacteria community of Sargassum thunbergii were analyzed, and the different responses of epiphytic bacteria to water loss stress were compared between male and female algae. The results showed that after water loss stress, the diversity of the epiphytic bacterial community of S. thunbergii first decreased and then increased. Among the dominant taxa, the abundance of Cyanobacteria decreased significantly, whereas the abundance of Portibacter and Aquimarina first increased and then decreased. Additionally, the indicator species and the abundance of predicted functional genes related to carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolism both changed significantly. More importantly, when the epiphytic bacteria were analyzed separately according to the algal sex, the changes in algal epiphytic bacterial community structure and indicator species were more significant, and there were sexual differences. Therefore, it was concluded that water loss stress has a significant effect on the community structure and function of the epiphytic bacteria on S. thunbergii. Meanwhile, the epiphytic bacteria community of two sexes of S. thunbergii differed in the response to water loss stress. IMPORTANCE Periodic water loss caused by the tide is an important environmental factor that is faced by intertidal macroalgae, but the impact of periodic water loss on the epiphytic bacterial communities associated with macroalgae is still unknown. Through this study, we found that the diversity, the relative abundance of dominant taxa, the indicator species, and the abundance of the predicted functional genes in the epiphytic bacteria on S. thunbergii changed with the time of water loss. Moreover, male and female S. thunbergii exhibited different responses to water loss stress. This study not only paves the way for the delineation of the interactions between S. thunbergii and its epiphytic bacteria but also provides new insights for the mechanisms of the adaptation and evolution of macroalgae in the intertidal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhibo Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiya Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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7
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Wang J, Li Y, Yang Z, Sun T, Yu X, Zhao Y, Tang X, Xiao H. Sex plays a role in the construction of epiphytic bacterial communities on the algal bodies and receptacles of Sargassum thunbergii. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:935222. [PMID: 35958132 PMCID: PMC9360977 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.935222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The community structures of epiphytic bacteria on the surface of macroalgae are closely related to their host algae, but there is a lack of research on the differences between the epiphytic bacterial communities of male and female algae and their reproductive tissues. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to compare epiphytic bacterial community structures on the intertidal macroalgae Sargassum thunbergii and their receptacles between male and female samples. The epiphytic bacteria on the male and female algal bodies and receptacles had similar community structures with a large number of shared bacteria, but the samples clearly clustered separately, and the abundances of dominant taxa, specific bacteria, and indicator species differed, indicating that epiphytic bacterial communities differed significantly between the male and female S. thunbergii and their receptacles. In addition, the abundance of many predicted functional genes was significantly different between epiphytic bacteria on male and female algal bodies and receptacles, especially metabolism-related genes, and the abundances of predicted functional genes of epiphytic bacteria were significantly higher on both types of male samples than on female samples. Our study confirmed that the sex of the host algae influenced the epiphytic bacterial community structures on algae and algal reproductive tissues, and this role was mainly related to the host metabolism. The results reveal the role of host plant sex in the formation of epiphytic bacterial communities. These findings are helpful for obtaining an in-depth understanding of the construction mechanism of algae-associated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhibo Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinlong Yu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yayun Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Xuexi Tang,
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Hui Xiao,
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Moubayed NM, Al Houri HJ, Bukhari SI. Turbinaria ornata and its associated epiphytic Bacillus sp. A promising molecule supplier to discover new natural product approaches. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2532-2540. [PMID: 35531156 PMCID: PMC9072896 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are highly dependent on macroalgea in providing food and shelter for aquatic organisms, interacting with many bacteria and mostly producing secondary metabolites of potent therapeutic antibacterial property. Screening of marine microbial secondary metabolites of valuable biotechnological and therapeutical applications are now extensively studied. In this study, Bacillus spp. identified by DNA sequencing and found associated with Turbinaria ornata, was screened and characterized for its cell free supernatant (CFS) possible antimicrobial and antibiofilm applications. Among the 7 microbial isolates tested, CFS greatly affected Bacillus subitilis (12 mm) and inhibited equally the yeast isolates Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata (10 mm) and had no or negligible effect on S.aureus, E.coli, P. aeruginosa. As for the CFS antibiofilm activity, no difference was revealed from the positive control. Algal crude extracts (methanol, acetone and aqueous), on the other hand, were similarly tested for their antimicrobial activity against the seven microbial isolates, where highest activity was observed with the aqueous crude extract against Staphylococcus aureus(10 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9 mm) compared to the negligible effects of methanol and acetone crude extracts. Chemical analysis was performed to reveal the major constituents of both crude algal extracts and Bacillus spp. CFS. FTIR spectrum of the bacterial CFS indicated the presence of bacteriocin as the major lipopeptide responsible for its biological activity. Whereas, methanol and water crude algal extract GC-MS spectra revealed different chemical groups of various combined therapeutical activity mainly Naphthalene, amino ethane-sulfonic acid, pyrlene, Biotin and mercury chloromethyl correspondingly. Thus, the present study, demonstrated the moderate activity of both crude algal extract and the bacterial CFS, however, further investigations are needed for a better biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine M.S. Moubayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Science College, Female Campus, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel J. Al Houri
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Science College, Female Campus, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah I. Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Florez JZ, Camus C, Hengst MB, Buschmann AH. A mesocosm study on bacteria-kelp interactions: Importance of nitrogen availability and kelp genetics. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1777-1791. [PMID: 34570392 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgal holobiont studies involve understanding interactions between the host, its microbiota, and the environment. We analyzed the effect of bacteria-kelp interactions on phenotypic responses of two genetically distinct populations of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (north and south), exposed to different nitrogen (N) concentrations. In co-culture experiments with different N concentration treatments, we evaluated kelp growth responses and changes in three specific molecular markers associated with the N cycle, both in epiphytic bacteria (relative abundance of nrfA-gene: cytochrome c nitrite reductase) and macroalgae (expression of NR-gene: nitrate reductase; GluSyn-gene: glutamate synthase). Both kelp populations responded differently to N limitation, with M. pyrifera-south sporophytes having a lower specific growth rate (SGR) under N-limiting conditions than the northern population; M. pyrifera-north sporophytes showed no significant differences in SGR when exposed to low-N and high-N concentrations. This corresponded to a higher GluSyn-gene expression in the M. pyrifera-north sporophytes and the co-occurrence of specific nrfA bacterial taxa. These bacteria may increase ammonium availability under low-N concentrations, allowing M. pyrifera-north to optimize nutrient assimilation by increasing the expression of GluSyn. We conclude that bacteria-kelp interactions are important in enhancing kelp growth rates under low N availability, although this effect may be regulated by the genetic background of kelp populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- July Z Florez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Conservación y Manejo de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
- Centro i˜mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Carolina Camus
- Centro i˜mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Martha B Hengst
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería (CeBiB), Santiago, Chile
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Microbiota-Macroalgal Relationships at a Hawaiian Intertidal Bench Are Influenced by Macroalgal Phyla and Associated Thallus Complexity. mSphere 2021; 6:e0066521. [PMID: 34550007 PMCID: PMC8550217 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00665-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ocean represents the largest biome on earth; however, we have only begun to understand the diversity and function of the marine microbial inhabitants and their interactions with macroalgal species. Macroalgae play an integral role in overall ocean biome health and serve both as major primary producers and foundation species in the ecosystem. Previous studies have been limited, focusing on the microbiome of a single algal species or its interaction with selected microbes. This project aimed to understand overall biodiversity of microbial communities associated with five common macroalgal species and to determine the drivers of these communities at 'Ewa Beach, O'ahu, HI. Representative species of Chlorophyta (green), Ochrophyta (brown), and Rhodophyta (red) algae, each species having various levels of calcification, thallus complexity, and status as native or invasive species, were collected from an intertidal bench in May 2019. A portion of the V3-V4 variable region of the small-subunit rRNA gene was amplified for high-throughput sequencing using universal bacterial primers to elucidate the core and variable algal microbiome. Significant differences in bacterial community composition were only partially explained by host species, whether the host was native or invasive, and thallus complexity. Macroalgal phylum explained the most variation in associated microbial communities at 'Ewa Beach. This study advances our understanding of microbial-macroalgal interactions and their connectivity by producing insight into factors that influence the community structure of macroalga-associated microbiota. IMPORTANCE Generally, most eukaryotic organisms form relationships with microbes that are important in mediating host organismal health. Macroalgae are a diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms that serve as primary producers and foundational species in many ecosystems. However, little is known about their microbial counterparts across a wide range of macroalgal morphologies, phylogenies, and calcification levels. Thus, to further understand the factors involved in bacterial community composition associated with macroalgal species at one point in time, representative samples were collected across phyla. Here, we show that both host macroalga phyla and morphology influenced the associated microbial community. Additionally, we show that the invasive species Avrainvillea lacerata does not have a unique microbial community on this intertidal bench, further supporting the idea that host phylum strongly influences microbial community composition.
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Paix B, Layglon N, Le Poupon C, D'Onofrio S, Misson B, Garnier C, Culioli G, Briand JF. Integration of spatio-temporal variations of surface metabolomes and epibacterial communities highlights the importance of copper stress as a major factor shaping host-microbiota interactions within a Mediterranean seaweed holobiont. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:201. [PMID: 34641951 PMCID: PMC8507236 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although considered as holobionts, macroalgae and their surface microbiota share intimate interactions that are still poorly understood. Little is known on the effect of environmental parameters on the close relationships between the host and its surface-associated microbiota, and even more in a context of coastal pollutions. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to decipher the impact of local environmental parameters, especially trace metal concentrations, on an algal holobiont dynamics using the Phaeophyta Taonia atomaria as a model. Through a multidisciplinary multi-omics approach combining metabarcoding and untargeted LC-MS-based metabolomics, the epibacterial communities and the surface metabolome of T. atomaria were monitored along a spatio-temporal gradient in the bay of Toulon (Northwestern Mediterranean coast) and its surrounding. Indeed, this geographical area displays a well-described trace metal gradient particularly relevant to investigate the effect of such pollutants on marine organisms. RESULTS Epibacterial communities of T. atomaria exhibited a high specificity whatever the five environmentally contrasted collecting sites investigated on the NW Mediterranean coast. By integrating metabarcoding and metabolomics analyses, the holobiont dynamics varied as a whole. During the occurrence period of T. atomaria, epibacterial densities and α-diversity increased while the relative proportion of core communities decreased. Pioneer bacterial colonizers constituted a large part of the specific and core taxa, and their decrease might be linked to biofilm maturation through time. Then, the temporal increase of the Roseobacter was proposed to result from the higher temperature conditions, but also the increased production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) at the algal surface which could constitute of the source of carbon and sulfur for the catabolism pathways of these taxa. Finally, as a major result of this study, copper concentration constituted a key factor shaping the holobiont system. Thus, the higher expression of carotenoids suggested an oxidative stress which might result from an adaptation of the algal surface metabolome to high copper levels. In turn, this change in the surface metabolome composition could result in the selection of particular epibacterial taxa. CONCLUSION We showed that associated epibacterial communities were highly specific to the algal host and that the holobiont dynamics varied as a whole. While temperature increase was confirmed to be one of the main parameters associated to Taonia dynamics, the originality of this study was highlighting copper-stress as a major driver of seaweed-epibacterial interactions. In a context of global change, this study brought new insights on the dynamics of a Mediterranean algal holobiont submitted to heavy anthropic pressures. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Paix
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire MAPIEM, EA, 4323, Toulon, France
- Present adress: Marine Biodiversity, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Layglon
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM, 110, Toulon, France
| | - Christophe Le Poupon
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM, 110, Toulon, France
| | - Sébastien D'Onofrio
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM, 110, Toulon, France
| | - Benjamin Misson
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM, 110, Toulon, France
| | - Cédric Garnier
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM, 110, Toulon, France
| | - Gérald Culioli
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire MAPIEM, EA, 4323, Toulon, France.
- Present address: Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR CNRS-IRD-Avignon Université-Aix-Marseille Université, Avignon, France.
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12
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Wiegand S, Rast P, Kallscheuer N, Jogler M, Heuer A, Boedeker C, Jeske O, Kohn T, Vollmers J, Kaster AK, Quast C, Glöckner FO, Rohde M, Jogler C. Analysis of Bacterial Communities on North Sea Macroalgae and Characterization of the Isolated Planctomycetes Adhaeretor mobilis gen. nov., sp. nov., Roseimaritima multifibrata sp. nov., Rosistilla ulvae sp. nov. and Rubripirellula lacrimiformis sp. nov. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071494. [PMID: 34361930 PMCID: PMC8303584 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Planctomycetes are bacteria that were long thought to be unculturable, of low abundance, and therefore neglectable in the environment. This view changed in recent years, after it was shown that members of the phylum Planctomycetes can be abundant in many aquatic environments, e.g., in the epiphytic communities on macroalgae surfaces. Here, we analyzed three different macroalgae from the North Sea and show that Planctomycetes is the most abundant bacterial phylum on the alga Fucus sp., while it represents a minor fraction of the surface-associated bacterial community of Ulva sp. and Laminaria sp. Especially dominant within the phylum Planctomycetes were Blastopirellula sp., followed by Rhodopirellula sp., Rubripirellula sp., as well as other Pirellulaceae and Lacipirellulaceae, but also members of the OM190 lineage. Motivated by the observed abundance, we isolated four novel planctomycetal strains to expand the collection of species available as axenic cultures since access to different strains is a prerequisite to investigate the success of planctomycetes in marine environments. The isolated strains constitute four novel species belonging to one novel and three previously described genera in the order Pirellulales, class Planctomycetia, phylum Planctomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wiegand
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (N.K.); (T.K.)
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 5 (IBG-5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (J.V.); (A.-K.K.)
| | - Patrick Rast
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (P.R.); (A.H.); (C.B.); (O.J.)
| | - Nicolai Kallscheuer
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (N.K.); (T.K.)
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Biotechnology (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Mareike Jogler
- Department of Microbial Interactions, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Anja Heuer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (P.R.); (A.H.); (C.B.); (O.J.)
| | - Christian Boedeker
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (P.R.); (A.H.); (C.B.); (O.J.)
| | - Olga Jeske
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (P.R.); (A.H.); (C.B.); (O.J.)
| | - Timo Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (N.K.); (T.K.)
| | - John Vollmers
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 5 (IBG-5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (J.V.); (A.-K.K.)
| | - Anne-Kristin Kaster
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 5 (IBG-5), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (J.V.); (A.-K.K.)
| | - Christian Quast
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Frank Oliver Glöckner
- Alfred Wegener Institute Bremerhaven, MARUM, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Christian Jogler
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (N.K.); (T.K.)
- Department of Microbial Interactions, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-364-194-9301
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13
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Contribution of horizontal gene transfer to the functionality of microbial biofilm on a macroalgae. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:807-817. [PMID: 33558686 PMCID: PMC8027169 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is thought to be an important driving force for microbial evolution and niche adaptation and has been show in vitro to occur frequently in biofilm communities. However, the extent to which HGT takes place and what functions are being transferred in more complex and natural biofilm systems remains largely unknown. To address this issue, we investigated here HGT and enrichment of gene functions in the biofilm community of the common kelp (macroalgae) Ecklonia radiata in comparison to microbial communities in the surrounding seawater. We found that HGTs in the macroalgal biofilms were dominated by transfers between bacterial members of the same class or order and frequently involved genes for nutrient transport, sugar and phlorotannin degradation as well as stress responses, all functions that would be considered beneficial for bacteria living in this particular niche. HGT did not appear to be driven by mobile gene elements, indicating rather an involvement of unspecific DNA uptake (e.g. natural transformation). There was also a low overlap between the gene functions subject to HGT and those enriched in the biofilm community in comparison to planktonic community members. This indicates that much of the functionality required for bacteria to live in an E. radiata biofilm might be derived from vertical or environmental transmissions of symbionts. This study enhances our understanding of the relative role of evolutionary and ecological processes in driving community assembly and genomic diversity of biofilm communities.
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14
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Kallscheuer N, Jeske O, Sandargo B, Boedeker C, Wiegand S, Bartling P, Jogler M, Rohde M, Petersen J, Medema MH, Surup F, Jogler C. The planctomycete Stieleria maiorica Mal15 T employs stieleriacines to alter the species composition in marine biofilms. Commun Biol 2020; 3:303. [PMID: 32533057 PMCID: PMC7293339 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial strains of the phylum Planctomycetes occur ubiquitously, but are often found on surfaces of aquatic phototrophs, e.g. alga. Despite slower growth, planctomycetes are not outcompeted by faster-growing bacteria in biofilms on such surfaces; however, strategies allowing them to compensate for slower growth have not yet been investigated. Here, we identified stieleriacines, a class of N-acylated tyrosines produced by the novel planctomycete Stieleria maiorica Mal15T, and analysed their effects on growth of the producing strain and bacterial species likely co-occurring with strain Mal15T. Stieleriacines reduced the lag phase of Mal15T and either stimulated or inhibited biofilm formation of two bacterial competitors, indicating that Mal15T employs stieleriacines to specifically alter microbial biofilm composition. The genetic organisation of the putative stieleriacine biosynthetic cluster in strain Mal15T points towards a functional link of stieleriacine biosynthesis to exopolysaccharide-associated protein sorting and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Jeske
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Leibniz Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Birthe Sandargo
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Wiegand
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Biological Interfaces 5, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | | | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Marnix H Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Surup
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany. .,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Christian Jogler
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Microbial Interactions, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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15
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Florez JZ, Camus C, Hengst MB, Marchant F, Buschmann AH. Structure of the epiphytic bacterial communities of Macrocystis pyrifera in localities with contrasting nitrogen concentrations and temperature. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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16
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The Macroalgal Holobiont in a Changing Sea. Trends Microbiol 2019; 27:635-650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Mathai PP, Dunn HM, Magnone P, Brown CM, Chun CL, Sadowsky MJ. Spatial and temporal characterization of epiphytic microbial communities associated with Eurasian watermilfoil: a highly invasive macrophyte in North America. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 94:5089967. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Prince P Mathai
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Hannah M Dunn
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Paolo Magnone
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Clairessa M Brown
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Chan Lan Chun
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1405 University Drive, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
- National Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811, USA
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, 439 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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18
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Florez JZ, Camus C, Hengst MB, Buschmann AH. A Functional Perspective Analysis of Macroalgae and Epiphytic Bacterial Community Interaction. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2561. [PMID: 29312241 PMCID: PMC5743738 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae are photosynthetic, multicellular, sessile eukaryotic organisms that offer diverse habitats for the colonization of epiphytic bacteria, therefore establishing biological interactions of diverse complexity. This review focusses on the interactions between macroalgae and their Epiphytic Bacterial Community (EBC); the main aims are to ascertain whether (1) the epiphytic bacterial groups differ at the phylum and genus levels of the macroalgae; (2) the methodologies used so far to study these microorganisms are related in any way to eventual variations of the EBCs on macroalgae; and (3) the EBC of macroalgae has a functional means rather a simple taxonomic grouping. Results showed firstly the taxonomic grouping of macroalgae does not explain the composition and structure of the EBCs. Secondly, the methodology used is important for describing EBCs; and thirdly, multiple bacteria can have the same function and thus to describe the functionality of EBCs it is important to recognize host-specific and generalist bacteria. We recommend the incorporation of a complementary approach between the taxonomic composition and the functional composition analyzes of EBCs, as well as the use of methodological tools that allow analysis of interactions between the EBCs and their hosts, based on the "holobiont" concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- July Z Florez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Conservación y Manejo de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile.,Centro i~mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Carolina Camus
- Centro i~mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Martha B Hengst
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Católica del Norte and CeBiB, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Alejandro H Buschmann
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Conservación y Manejo de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile.,Centro i~mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
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19
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Linardić M, Braybrook SA. Towards an understanding of spiral patterning in the Sargassum muticum shoot apex. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13887. [PMID: 29066850 PMCID: PMC5654765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants and parenchymatous brown algae the body arises through the activity of an apical meristem (a niche of cells or a single cell). The meristem produces lateral organs in specific patterns, referred to as phyllotaxis. In plants, two different control mechanisms have been proposed: one is position-dependent and relies on morphogen accumulation at future organ sites; the other is a lineage-based system which links phyllotaxis to the apical cell division pattern. Here we examine the apical patterning of the brown alga, Sargassum muticum, which exhibits spiral phyllotaxis (137.5° angle) and an unlinked apical cell division pattern. The Sargassum apex presents characteristics of a self-organising system, similar to plant meristems. In contrast to complex plant meristems, we were unable to correlate the plant morphogen auxin with bud positioning in Sargassum, nor could we predict cell wall softening at new bud sites. Our data suggests that in Sargassum muticum there is no connection between phyllotaxis and the apical cell division pattern indicating a position-dependent patterning mechanism may be in place. The underlying mechanisms behind the phyllotactic patterning appear to be distinct from those seen in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Linardić
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Siobhan A Braybrook
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK.
- Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, 610 Charles E Young Dr East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7239, USA.
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20
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Bondoso J, Godoy-Vitorino F, Balagué V, Gasol JM, Harder J, Lage OM. Epiphytic Planctomycetes communities associated with three main groups of macroalgae. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:fiw255. [PMID: 28087803 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Planctomycetes, a unique group of widespread and understudied bacteria, are known to be associated with macroalgae. The temporal dynamics and the host-specific association of planctomycetal communities on Fucus spiralis, Ulva sp. and Chondrus crispus from two locations in the North Coast of Portugal were assessed both by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis with group-specific primers and 16S rDNA amplicon libraries. The epiphytic planctomycetal communities showed a significant association with the host macroalgal species independently of the geographical location and the season. This pattern was confirmed by clone libraries of winter and summer samples: we obtained 720 16S rRNA gene sequences that represented 44 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within the phylum Planctomycetes. Most of the OTUs belonged to Blastopirellula, followed by Rhodopirellula, Planctomyces, the Pir4 lineage and the uncultured class OM190 (this last one nearly 30% of the OTUs). Ulva sp. and C. crispus had more diverse planctomycetal communities than F. spiralis. Analysis of beta diversity showed that the planctomycetal microbiome was host specific. We hypothesize that the specific association of Planctomycetes and their macroalgal hosts is likely determined by nutritional molecules provided by the algae and the set of sulfatases inherent to each Planctomycetes species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Bondoso
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n° 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.,CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental - Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Natural Sciences, Microbial Ecology and Genomics Lab, College of Sciences and Technology, Inter American University of Puerto Rico-Metropolitan Campus, San Juan, PR 00919, USA
| | - Vanessa Balagué
- Institut de Ciències del Mar-CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep M Gasol
- Institut de Ciències del Mar-CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jens Harder
- Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Olga Maria Lage
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n° 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.,CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental - Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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21
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Tapia JE, González B, Goulitquer S, Potin P, Correa JA. Microbiota Influences Morphology and Reproduction of the Brown Alga Ectocarpus sp. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:197. [PMID: 26941722 PMCID: PMC4765120 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Associated microbiota play crucial roles in health and disease of higher organisms. For macroalgae, some associated bacteria exert beneficial effects on nutrition, morphogenesis and growth. However, current knowledge on macroalgae–microbiota interactions is mostly based on studies on green and red seaweeds. In this study, we report that when cultured under axenic conditions, the filamentous brown algal model Ectocarpus sp. loses its branched morphology and grows with a small ball-like appearance. Nine strains of periphytic bacteria isolated from Ectocarpus sp. unialgal cultures were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, and assessed for their effect on morphology, reproduction and the metabolites secreted by axenic Ectocarpus sp. Six of these isolates restored morphology and reproduction features of axenic Ectocarpus sp. Bacteria-algae co-culture supernatants, but not the supernatant of the corresponding bacterium growing alone, also recovered morphology and reproduction of the alga. Furthermore, colonization of axenic Ectocarpus sp. with a single bacterial isolate impacted significantly the metabolites released by the alga. These results show that the branched typical morphology and the individuals produced by Ectocarpus sp. are strongly dependent on the presence of bacteria, while the bacterial effect on the algal exometabolome profile reflects the impact of bacteria on the whole physiology of this alga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier E Tapia
- CNRS, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, UMI 3614, Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de RoscoffRoscoff, France; Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo González
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez - Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability Santiago, Chile
| | - Sophie Goulitquer
- MetaboMer Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, CNRS, FR2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff Roscoff, France
| | - Philippe Potin
- Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, CNRS UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff Roscoff, France
| | - Juan A Correa
- CNRS, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, UMI 3614, Biology and Ecology of Algae, Station Biologique de RoscoffRoscoff, France; Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
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22
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Zozaya-Valdés E, Roth-Schulze AJ, Thomas T. Effects of Temperature Stress and Aquarium Conditions on the Red Macroalga Delisea pulchra and its Associated Microbial Community. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:161. [PMID: 26925036 PMCID: PMC4757742 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increase in the rate and severity of diseases affecting habitat-forming marine organisms, such as corals, sponges, and macroalgae. Delisea pulchra is a temperate red macroalga that suffers from a bleaching disease that is more frequent during summer, when seawater temperatures are elevated and the alga's chemical defense is weakened. A bacterial cause for the disease is implied by previous studies showing that some isolated strains can cause bleaching in vitro and that host-associated microbial communities are distinct between diseased and healthy individuals. However, nothing is known about the successional events in the microbial community that occur during the development of the disease. To study this aspect in the future, we aimed here to develop an experimental setup to study the bleaching disease in a controllable aquarium environment. Application of a temperature stress (up to 27°C) did not cause a clear and consistent pattern of bleaching, suggesting that temperature alone might not be the only or main factor to cause the disease. The results also showed that the aquarium conditions alone are sufficient to produce bleaching symptoms. Microbial community analysis based on 16S rRNA gene fingerprinting and sequencing showed significant changes after 15 days in the aquarium, indicating that the native microbial associates of D. pulchra are not stably maintained. Microbial taxa that were enriched in the aquarium-held D. pulchra thalli, however, did not match on a taxonomic level those that have been found to be enriched in natural bleaching events. Together our observations indicate that environmental factors, other than the ones investigated here, might drive the bleaching disease in D. pulchra and that the aquarium conditions have substantial impact on the alga-associated microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, SydneyNSW, Australia
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Lage OM, Bondoso J. Planctomycetes and macroalgae, a striking association. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:267. [PMID: 24917860 PMCID: PMC4042473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Planctomycetes are part of the complex microbial biofilm community of a wide range of macroalgae. Recently, some studies began to unveil the great diversity of Planctomycetes present in this microenvironment and the interactions between the two organisms. Culture dependent and independent methods revealed the existence of a great number of species but, so far, only less than 10 species have been isolated. Planctomycetes comprise the genera Rhodopirellula, Blastopirellula, and Planctomyces, Phycisphaera and the uncultured class OM190 and some other taxa have only been found in this association. Several factors favor the colonization of macroalgal surfaces by planctomycetes. Many species possess holdfasts for attachment. The macroalgae secrete various sulfated polysaccharides that are the substrate for the abundant sulfatases produced by planctomycetes. Specificity between planctomycetes and macroalgae seem to exist which may be related to the chemical nature of the polysaccharides produced by each macroalga. Furthermore, the peptidoglycan-free cell wall of planctomycetes allows them to resist the action of several antimicrobial compounds produced by the macroalgae or other bacteria in the biofilm community that are effective against biofouling by other microorganisms. Despite the increase in our knowledge on the successful planctomycetes-macroalgae association, a great effort to fully understand this interaction is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Lage
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto Porto, Portugal ; CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Bondoso
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto Porto, Portugal ; CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
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Bondoso J, Balagué V, Gasol JM, Lage OM. Community composition of the Planctomycetes associated with different macroalgae. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 88:445-56. [PMID: 24266389 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insights into the diversity of marine natural microbial biofilms, as for example those developing at the surface of marine macroalgae, can be obtained by using molecular techniques based on 16S rRNA genes. We applied denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) with 16S rRNA genes-specific primers for Planctomycetes to compare the communities of these organisms developing on six different macroalgae (Chondrus crispus, Fucus spiralis, Mastocarpus stellatus, Porphyra dioica, Sargassum muticum, and Ulva sp.) sampled in spring 2012 in two rocky beaches in the north of Portugal. Planctomycetes can be one of the dominant organisms found in the epibacterial community of macroalgae, and we wanted to determine the degree of specificity and the spatial variation of these group. Shannon diversity indexes obtained from the comparison of DGGE profiles were similar in all the macroalgae, and in both sites, F. spiralis was the algae presenting lower Planctomycetes diversity, while M. stellatus and P. dioica from Porto showed the highest diversity. The analysis of DGGE profiles, including anosim statistics, indicate the existence of a specific Planctomycetes community associated with the algal host, likely independent of geographical variation. Sequencing of DGGE bands indicated that Planctomycetes communities were highly diverse, and some Operational Taxonomic Units seemed to be specifically associated with each macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Bondoso
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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25
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Wahl M, Goecke F, Labes A, Dobretsov S, Weinberger F. The second skin: ecological role of epibiotic biofilms on marine organisms. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:292. [PMID: 22936927 PMCID: PMC3425911 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the aquatic environment, biofilms on solid surfaces are omnipresent. The outer body surface of marine organisms often represents a highly active interface between host and biofilm. Since biofilms on living surfaces have the capacity to affect the fluxes of information, energy, and matter across the host’s body surface, they have an important ecological potential to modulate the abiotic and biotic interactions of the host. Here we review existing evidence how marine epibiotic biofilms affect their hosts’ ecology by altering the properties of and processes across its outer surfaces. Biofilms have a huge potential to reduce its host’s access to light, gases, and/or nutrients and modulate the host’s interaction with further foulers, consumers, or pathogens. These effects of epibiotic biofilms may intensely interact with environmental conditions. The quality of a biofilm’s impact on the host may vary from detrimental to beneficial according to the identity of the epibiotic partners, the type of interaction considered, and prevailing environmental conditions. The review concludes with some unresolved but important questions and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wahl
- Department Benthic Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Kiel, Germany
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26
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Martins G, Miot-Sertier C, Lauga B, Claisse O, Lonvaud-Funel A, Soulas G, Masneuf-Pomarède I. Grape berry bacterial microbiota: Impact of the ripening process and the farming system. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 158:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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De la Iglesia R, Valenzuela-Heredia D, Andrade S, Correa J, González B. Composition dynamics of epilithic intertidal bacterial communities exposed to high copper levels. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011; 79:720-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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28
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Sneed JM, Pohnert G. The green alga Dicytosphaeria ocellata and its organic extracts alter natural bacterial biofilm communities. BIOFOULING 2011; 27:347-356. [PMID: 21512919 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.576317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces immersed in the marine environment are under intense fouling pressure by a number of invertebrates and algae. The regulation of this fouling can often be attributed to the bacterial biofilm that quickly develops on the surface of any available substratum in the ocean. The bacterial community composition on the surface of the green alga Dictyosphaeria ocellata was investigated and compared to those found on two other green algae, Batophora oerstedii and Cladophoropsis macromeres, and on a reference surface from three sites along the Florida Keys. Although the bacterial community composition of D. ocellata was not consistent across the sites, it was significantly different from the other algae and the reference surface at two of the three sites tested. Methanol extracts of D. ocellata significantly affected the abundance of bacteria and composition of the bacterial community on Phytagel™ plates when compared to solvent controls, suggesting that the alga regulates the bacterial community by producing active metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Sneed
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Instrumental Analytics, Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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