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Askari H, Soleimanian-Zad S, Kadivar M, Shahbazi S. Creating a novel genetic diversity of Trichoderma afroharzianum by γ-radiation for xylanase-cellulase production. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28349. [PMID: 38590889 PMCID: PMC10999882 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Creating novel sources of a microbial strain using induced mutation can increase enzyme production for industrial use. According to this, we have developed a mutant strain of Trichoderma afroharzianum by Co60 gamma irradiation. Trichoderma mutants were isolated from an optimum dose of 250 Gy. The qualitative and quantitative screening were used for evaluating their enzyme production and the DNA barcoding method was used to identify the best Trichoderma mutant isolates. The highest cellulase (exo-glucanase, endoglucanase, β-glucosidase, and total cellulase) and xylanase activities were observed in superior mutant isolates of Trichoderma afroharzianum NAS107-M44 and Trichoderma afroharzianum NAS107-M82, which is approximately 1.6-2.5 times higher than its parent strain, respectively. The electrophoretic pattern of proteins showed that the exo-glucanase I, endo-glucanase III, and the xylanase I enzymes hydrolyzed the corn bran, synergistically. Overall, gamma irradiation-induced mutation could be an expedient technique to access such superior mutants for the bioconversion of corn bran wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Askari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Sabihe Soleimanian-Zad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mahdi Kadivar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Samira Shahbazi
- Nuclear Agriculture School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Karaj, Iran
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Abd El-Aziz NM, Moharam ME, El-Gamal NN, Khalil BE. Enhancement of novel Endo-polygalacturonase expression in Rhodotorula mucilaginosa PY18: insights from mutagenesis and molecular docking. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:252. [PMID: 38066588 PMCID: PMC10709964 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectinase is a particular type of enzyme that can break down pectin compounds and is extensively utilised in the agricultural field. In this study, twenty yeast isolates were isolated and assayed for pectinase activity. Molecular identification by PCR amplification and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of isolate no. 18 had the highest pectinase activity of 46.35 U/mg, was identified as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa PY18, and was submitted under accession no. (OM275426) in NCBI. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa PY18 was further enhanced through sequential mutagenesis, resulting in a mutant designated as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa E54 with a specific activity of 114.2 U/mg. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the best culture conditions for the pectinase-producing yeast mutant Rhodotorula mucilaginosa E54 were pH 5, 72-h incubation, 2.5% xylose, and 2.5% malt extract, with a pectinase-specific activity of 156.55 U/mg. Then, the obtained sequences of the endo-polygalacturonase PGI gene from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa PY18 and mutant Rhodotorula mucilaginosa E54 were isolated for the first time, sequenced, and submitted to NCBI accession numbers OQ283005 and OQ283006, respectively. The modelled 3D structure of the endo-PGI enzyme (485 residues) was validated using Ramachandran's plot, which showed 87.71, 85.56, and 91.57% in the most favourable region for template Rhodotorula mucilaginosa KR, strain Rhodotorula mucilaginosa PY18, and mutant Rhodotorula mucilaginosa E54, respectively. In molecular docking studies, the results of template Rhodotorula mucilaginosa KR endo-PG1 showed an interaction with an affinity score of - 6.0, - 5.9, and - 5.6 kcal/mol for active sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa PY18 endo-PG1 showed an interaction affinity with a score of - 5.8, - 6.0, and - 5.0 kcal/mol for active sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Mutant Rhodotorula mucilaginosa E54 endo-PG1 showed an interaction affinity of - 5.6, - 5.5, - 5.5 and - 5.4 kcal/mol for active sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The endo-PGI genes of both the yeast strain Rhodotorula mucilaginosa PY18 and mutant Rhodotorula mucilaginosa E54 were successfully cloned and expressed in E. coli DH5α, showing significantly higher endo-PG1 activity, which recorded 94.57 and 153.10 U/mg for recombinant Rhodotorula mucilaginosa pGEM-PGI-PY18 and recombinant mutant Rhotorula pGEM-PGI-E54, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa M Abd El-Aziz
- Microbial Genetic Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Maysa E Moharam
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Nora N El-Gamal
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Bigad E Khalil
- Microbial Genetic Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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Salazar-Cerezo S, de Vries RP, Garrigues S. Strategies for the Development of Industrial Fungal Producing Strains. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:834. [PMID: 37623605 PMCID: PMC10455633 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of microorganisms in industry has enabled the (over)production of various compounds (e.g., primary and secondary metabolites, proteins and enzymes) that are relevant for the production of antibiotics, food, beverages, cosmetics, chemicals and biofuels, among others. Industrial strains are commonly obtained by conventional (non-GMO) strain improvement strategies and random screening and selection. However, recombinant DNA technology has made it possible to improve microbial strains by adding, deleting or modifying specific genes. Techniques such as genetic engineering and genome editing are contributing to the development of industrial production strains. Nevertheless, there is still significant room for further strain improvement. In this review, we will focus on classical and recent methods, tools and technologies used for the development of fungal production strains with the potential to be applied at an industrial scale. Additionally, the use of functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics together with the implementation of genetic manipulation techniques and expression tools will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Salazar-Cerezo
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands (R.P.d.V.)
| | - Ronald P. de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands (R.P.d.V.)
| | - Sandra Garrigues
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, VLC, Spain
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Kovács E, Szűcs C, Farkas A, Szuhaj M, Maróti G, Bagi Z, Rákhely G, Kovács KL. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biogas substrates by filamentous fungi. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:160-170. [PMID: 36273669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Decomposition of lignocellulosic plant biomass by four filamentous fungi was carried out to facilitate subsequent anaerobic degradation and biogas formation. Agricultural side products, wheat straw and corn stover and forestry energy plant willow chips were selected as plant biomass sources. The substrates were confronted by pure cultures of Penicillium aurantiogriseum (new isolate from rumen), Trichoderma reesei (DSM768), Gilbertella persicaria (SZMC11086) and Rhizomucor miehei (SZMC11005). In addition to total cellulolytic filter paper degradation activity, the production of endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase enzymes were followed during the pretreatment period, which lasted for 10 days at 37 °C. The products of pretreatments were subsequently tested for mesophilic biogas production in batch reactors. All 4 strains effectively pretreated the lignocellulosic substrates albeit in varying degrees, which was related to the level of the tested hydrolytic enzyme activities. Penicillium aurantiogriseum showed outstanding hydrolytic enzyme production and highest biogas yield from the partially degraded substrates. Corn stover was the best substrate for biomass decomposition and biogas production. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the deep penetration of fungal hyphae into the lignocellulosic substrate in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etelka Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Szűcs
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Farkas
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márk Szuhaj
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bagi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rákhely
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kornél L Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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5
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Lenz AR, Balbinot E, de Abreu FP, de Oliveira NS, Fontana RC, de Avila E Silva S, Park MS, Lim YW, Houbraken J, Camassola M, Dillon AJP. Taxonomy, comparative genomics and evolutionary insights of Penicillium ucsense: a novel species in series Oxalica. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2022; 115:1009-1029. [PMID: 35678932 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The genomes of two Penicillium strains were sequenced and studied in this study: strain 2HH was isolated from the digestive tract of Anobium punctatum beetle larva in 1979 and the cellulase hypersecretory strain S1M29, derived from strain 2HH by a long-term mutagenesis process. With these data, the strains were reclassified and insight is obtained on molecular features related to cellulase hyperproduction and the albino phenotype of the mutant. Both strains were previously identified as Penicillium echinulatum and this investigation indicated that these should be reclassified. Phylogenetic and phenotype data showed that these strains represent a new Penicillium species in series Oxalica, for which the name Penicillium ucsense is proposed here. Six additional strains (SFC101850, SFCP10873, SFCP10886, SFCP10931, SFCP10932 and SFCP10933) collected from the marine environment in the Republic of Korea were also classified as this species, indicating a worldwide distribution of this new taxon. Compared to the closely related strain Penicillium oxalicum 114-2, the composition of cell wall-associated proteins of P. ucsense 2HH shows five fewer chitinases, considerable differences in the number of proteins related to β-D-glucan metabolism. The genomic comparison of 2HH and S1M29 highlighted single amino-acid substitutions in two major proteins (BGL2 and FlbA) that can be associated with the hyperproduction of cellulases. The study of melanin pathways shows that the S1M29 albino phenotype resulted from a single amino-acid substitution in the enzyme ALB1, a precursor of the 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin biosynthesis. Our study provides important knowledge towards understanding species distribution, molecular mechanisms, melanin production and cell wall biosynthesis of this new Penicillium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Rafael Lenz
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias Do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil. .,Bahia State University, Silveira Martins Street 2555, Salvador, BA, 41150-000, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Balbinot
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias Do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Pessi de Abreu
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias Do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Nikael Souza de Oliveira
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias Do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Roselei Claudete Fontana
- Laboratory of Enzymes and Biomass, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias Do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Scheila de Avila E Silva
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias Do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Myung Soo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Institution of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institution of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jos Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marli Camassola
- Laboratory of Enzymes and Biomass, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias Do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Aldo José Pinheiro Dillon
- Laboratory of Enzymes and Biomass, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias Do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street 1130, Caxias do Sul, RS, 95070-560, Brazil
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6
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Lenz AR, Galán-Vásquez E, Balbinot E, de Abreu FP, Souza de Oliveira N, da Rosa LO, de Avila e Silva S, Camassola M, Dillon AJP, Perez-Rueda E. Gene Regulatory Networks of Penicillium echinulatum 2HH and Penicillium oxalicum 114-2 Inferred by a Computational Biology Approach. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:588263. [PMID: 33193246 PMCID: PMC7652724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.588263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium echinulatum 2HH and Penicillium oxalicum 114-2 are well-known cellulase fungal producers. However, few studies addressing global mechanisms for gene regulation of these two important organisms are available so far. A recent finding that the 2HH wild-type is closely related to P. oxalicum leads to a combined study of these two species. Firstly, we provide a global gene regulatory network for P. echinulatum 2HH and P. oxalicum 114-2, based on TF-TG orthology relationships, considering three related species with well-known regulatory interactions combined with TFBSs prediction. The network was then analyzed in terms of topology, identifying TFs as hubs, and modules. Based on this approach, we explore numerous identified modules, such as the expression of cellulolytic and xylanolytic systems, where XlnR plays a key role in positive regulation of the xylanolytic system. It also regulates positively the cellulolytic system by acting indirectly through the cellodextrin induction system. This remarkable finding suggests that the XlnR-dependent cellulolytic and xylanolytic regulatory systems are probably conserved in both P. echinulatum and P. oxalicum. Finally, we explore the functional congruency on the genes clustered in terms of communities, where the genes related to cellular nitrogen, compound metabolic process and macromolecule metabolic process were the most abundant. Therefore, our approach allows us to confer a degree of accuracy regarding the existence of each inferred interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Rafael Lenz
- Unidad Académica Yucatán, Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mérida, Mexico
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Edgardo Galán-Vásquez
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas Computacionales y Automatización, Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemàticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Balbinot
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Pessi de Abreu
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nikael Souza de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Enzimas e Biomassas, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Letícia Osório da Rosa
- Laboratório de Enzimas e Biomassas, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Scheila de Avila e Silva
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marli Camassola
- Laboratório de Enzimas e Biomassas, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aldo José Pinheiro Dillon
- Laboratório de Enzimas e Biomassas, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Perez-Rueda
- Unidad Académica Yucatán, Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mérida, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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Schneider WDH, Gonçalves TA, Uchima CA, Reis LD, Fontana RC, Squina FM, Dillon AJP, Camassola M. Comparison of the production of enzymes to cell wall hydrolysis using different carbon sources by Penicillium echinulatum strains and its hydrolysis potential for lignocelullosic biomass. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Wang X, Tsang YF, Li Y, Ma X, Cui S, Zhang TA, Hu J, Gao MT. Inhibitory effects of phenolic compounds of rice straw formed by saccharification during ethanol fermentation by Pichia stipitis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:1059-1067. [PMID: 28851161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was found that the type of phenolic acids derived from rice straw was the major factor affecting ethanol fermentation by Pichia stipitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of phenolic acids on ethanol fermentation with rice straw. Different cellulases produced different ratios of free phenolic acids to soluble conjugated phenolic acids, resulting in different fermentation efficiencies. Free phenolic acids exhibited much higher inhibitory effect than conjugated phenolic acids. The flow cytometry results indicated that the damage to cell membranes was the primary mechanism of inhibition of ethanol fermentation by phenolic acids. The removal of free phenolic acids from the hydrolysates increased ethanol productivity by 2.0-fold, indicating that the free phenolic acids would be the major inhibitors formed during saccharification. The integrated process for ethanol and phenolic acids may constitute a new strategy for the production of low-cost ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiahui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiubing Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shouqing Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tian-Ao Zhang
- Department of Architecture, Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiajun Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Min-Tian Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Menegol D, Scholl AL, Dillon AJP, Camassola M. Use of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) as substrate for cellulase and xylanase production in solid-state cultivation by Penicillium echinulatum. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20170343s20150822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Zukovski L, Fontana RC, Pauletti G, Camassola M, Dillon AJP. Fodder radish cake (Raphanus sativus L.) as an alternative biomass for the production of cellulases and xylanases in solid-state cultivation. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20170343s20150818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Screening and optimization of β -glucosidase producing newly isolated Lactobacillus plantarum strain LSP-24 from colostrum milk. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Xue Y, Wang X, Chen X, Hu J, Gao MT, Li J. Effects of different cellulases on the release of phenolic acids from rice straw during saccharification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 234:208-216. [PMID: 28319769 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Effects of different cellulases on the release of phenolic acids from rice straw during saccharification were investigated in this study. All cellulases tested increased the contents of phenolic acids during saccharification. However, few free phenolic acids were detected, as they were present in conjugated form after saccharification when the cellulases from Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger were used. On the other hand, phenolic acids were present in free form when the Acremonium cellulolyticus cellulase was used. Assays of enzyme activity showed that, besides high cellulase activity, the A. cellulolyticus cellulase exhibited high feruloyl esterase (FAE) activity. A synergistic interaction between FAE and cellulase led to the increase in free phenolic acids, and thus an increase in antioxidative and antiradical activities of the phenolic acids. Moreover, a cost estimation demonstrated the feasibility of phenolic acids as value-added products to reduce the total production cost of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiahui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xingxuan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiajun Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Min-Tian Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China; Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jixiang Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20110, China
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Costa PDS, Robl D, Costa IC, Lima DJDS, Costa AC, Pradella JGDC. Potassium biphthalate buffer for pH control to optimize glycosyl hydrolase production in shake flasks using filamentous fungi. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20170342s20150522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia dos Santos Costa
- Brazilian Centre of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazil; State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Diogo Robl
- Brazilian Centre of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazil; University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
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Influence of different chemical pretreatments of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) used as a substrate for cellulase and xylanase production in submerged cultivation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1455-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Schneider WDH, Gonçalves TA, Uchima CA, Couger MB, Prade R, Squina FM, Dillon AJP, Camassola M. Penicillium echinulatum secretome analysis reveals the fungi potential for degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:66. [PMID: 26989443 PMCID: PMC4794826 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enzymatic degradation of lignocellulosic materials by fungal enzyme systems has been extensively studied due to its effectiveness in the liberation of fermentable sugars for bioethanol production. Recently, variants of the fungus Penicillium echinulatum have been described as a great producer of cellulases and considered a promising strain for the bioethanol industry. RESULTS Penicillium echinulatum, wild-type 2HH and its mutant strain S1M29, were grown on four different carbon sources: cellulose, sugar cane bagasse pretreated by steam explosion (SCB), glucose, and glycerol for 120 h. Samples collected at 24, 96, and 120 h were used for enzymatic measurement, and the 96-h one was also used for secretome analysis by 1D-PAGE LC-MS/MS. A total of 165 proteins were identified, and more than one-third of these proteins belong to CAZy families. Glycosyl hydrolases (GH) are the most abundant group, being represented in larger quantities by GH3, 5, 17, 43, and 72. Cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases, β-glycosidases, xylanases, β-xylosidases, and mannanases were found, and in minor quantities, pectinases, ligninases, and amylases were also found. Swollenin and esterases were also identified. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed differences in the two strains of P. echinulatum in several aspects in which the mutation improved the production of enzymes related to lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction. Considering the spectral counting analysis, the mutant strain S1M29 was more efficient in the production of enzymes involved in cellulose and hemicellulose degradation, despite having a nearly identical CAZy enzymatic repertoire. Moreover, S1M29 secretes more quantities of protein on SCB than on cellulose, relevant information when considering the production of cellulases using raw materials at low cost. Glucose, and especially glycerol, were used mainly for the production of amylases and ligninases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Daniel Hahn Schneider
- />Enzymes and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street 1130, Caxias Do Sul, RS 95070-560 Brazil
| | - Thiago Augusto Gonçalves
- />Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10.000, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970 Brazil
- />Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Cristiane Akemi Uchima
- />Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10.000, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Matthew Brian Couger
- />Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, 1110 South Innovation Way, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA
| | - Rolf Prade
- />Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, 1110 South Innovation Way, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA
| | - Fabio Marcio Squina
- />Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10.000, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Aldo José Pinheiro Dillon
- />Enzymes and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street 1130, Caxias Do Sul, RS 95070-560 Brazil
| | - Marli Camassola
- />Enzymes and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street 1130, Caxias Do Sul, RS 95070-560 Brazil
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Scholl AL, Menegol D, Pitarelo AP, Fontana RC, Zandoná Filho A, Ramos LP, Dillon AJP, Camassola M. Ethanol production from sugars obtained during enzymatic hydrolysis of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) pretreated by steam explosion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 192:228-37. [PMID: 26038327 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, steam explosion was used a pretreatment method to improve the conversion of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) to cellulosic ethanol. This way, enzymatic hydrolysis of vaccum-drained and water-washed steam-treated substrates was carried out with Penicillium echinulatum enzymes while Saccharomyces cerevisiae CAT-1 was used for fermentation. After 48 h of hydrolysis, the highest yield of reducing sugars was obtained from vaccum-drained steam-treated substrates that were produced after 10 min at 200 °C (863.42 ± 62.52 mg/g). However, the highest glucose yield was derived from water-washed steam-treated substrates that were produced after 10 min at 190 °C (248.34 ± 6.27 mg/g) and 200 °C (246.00 ± 9.60 mg/g). Nevertheless, the highest ethanol production was obtained from water-washed steam-treated substrates that were produced after 6 min at 200 °C. These data revealed that water washing is a critical step for ethanol production from steam-treated elephant grass and that pretreatment generates a great deal of water soluble inhibitory compounds for hydrolysis and fermentation, which were partly characterized as part of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Luisi Scholl
- University of Caxias do Sul, Enzyme and Biomass Laboratory, 1130 Francisco Vargas Street, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Daiane Menegol
- University of Caxias do Sul, Enzyme and Biomass Laboratory, 1130 Francisco Vargas Street, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pitarelo
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemistry, Research Center in Applied Chemistry (CEPESQ), P.O. Box 19032, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil; Cane Technology Center (CTC), Fazenda Santo Antônio, Piracicaba, SP 13400-907, Brazil.
| | - Roselei Claudete Fontana
- University of Caxias do Sul, Enzyme and Biomass Laboratory, 1130 Francisco Vargas Street, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Arion Zandoná Filho
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemistry, Research Center in Applied Chemistry (CEPESQ), P.O. Box 19032, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Luiz Pereira Ramos
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemistry, Research Center in Applied Chemistry (CEPESQ), P.O. Box 19032, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil; INCT in Energy and Environment (INCT E&A), Federal University of Paraná, Department of Chemistry, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Aldo José Pinheiro Dillon
- University of Caxias do Sul, Enzyme and Biomass Laboratory, 1130 Francisco Vargas Street, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brazil
| | - Marli Camassola
- University of Caxias do Sul, Enzyme and Biomass Laboratory, 1130 Francisco Vargas Street, Caxias do Sul, RS 95070-560, Brazil.
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Reis LD, Ritter CET, Fontana RC, Camassola M, Dillon AJP. STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF MINERAL SALT AND UREA CONCENTRATION FOR CELLULASE AND XYLANASE PRODUCTION BY Penicillium echinulatum IN SUBMERGED FERMENTATION. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20150321s00003099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Saini R, Saini JK, Adsul M, Patel AK, Mathur A, Tuli D, Singhania RR. Enhanced cellulase production by Penicillium oxalicum for bio-ethanol application. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 188:240-246. [PMID: 25661515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Present study was focused on cellulase production from an indigenously isolated filamentous fungal strain, identified as Penicillium oxalicum. Initially, cellulase production under submerged fermentation in shake flasks resulted in cellulase activity of 0.7 FPU/mL. Optimization of process parameters enhanced cellulase production by 1.7-fold and resulted in maximum cellulase activity of 1.2 FPU/mL in 8 days. Cellulase production was successfully scaled-up to 7 L fermenter under controlled conditions and incubation time was reduced from 8 days to 4 days for achieving similar cellulase titer. Optimum pH and temperature for activity of the crude enzyme were pH 5 and 50 °C, respectively. At 50 °C the produced cellulase retained approximately 50% and 26% of its activity at 48 h and 72 h, respectively. Hydrolytic efficiency of P. oxalicum was comparable to commercial cellulase preparations which indicate its great potential for application in the lignocellulose hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetu Saini
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bio-Energy Research, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., R&D Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Saini
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bio-Energy Research, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., R&D Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Mukund Adsul
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bio-Energy Research, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., R&D Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bio-Energy Research, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., R&D Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Anshu Mathur
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bio-Energy Research, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., R&D Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Deepak Tuli
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bio-Energy Research, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., R&D Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bio-Energy Research, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., R&D Centre, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India.
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Effect of different pretreatment of sugar cane bagasse on cellulase and xylanases production by the mutant Penicillium echinulatum 9A02S1 grown in submerged culture. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:720740. [PMID: 24967394 PMCID: PMC4054947 DOI: 10.1155/2014/720740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The main limitation to the industrial scale hydrolysis of cellulose is the cost of cellulase production. This study evaluated cellulase and xylanase enzyme production by the cellulolytic mutant Penicillium echinulatum 9A02S1 using pretreated sugar cane bagasse as a carbon source. Most cultures grown with pretreated bagasse showed similar enzymatic activities to or higher enzymatic activities than cultures grown with cellulose or untreated sugar cane bagasse. Higher filter paper activity (1.253 ± 0.147 U · mL(-1)) was detected in the medium on the sixth day of cultivation when bagasse samples were pretreated with sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and anthraquinone. Endoglucanase enzyme production was also enhanced by pretreatment of the bagasse. Nine cultures grown with bagasse possessed higher β -glucosidase activities on the sixth day than the culture grown with cellulose. The highest xylanase activity was observed in cultures with cellulose and with untreated sugar cane bagasse. These results indicate that pretreated sugar cane bagasse may be able to serve as a partial or total replacement for cellulose in submerged fermentation for cellulase production using P. echinulatum, which could potentially reduce future production costs of enzymatic complexes capable of hydrolyzing lignocellulosic residues to form fermented syrups.
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21
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Schneider WDH, dos Reis L, Camassola M, Dillon AJP. Morphogenesis and production of enzymes by Penicillium echinulatum in response to different carbon sources. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:254863. [PMID: 24877074 PMCID: PMC4022072 DOI: 10.1155/2014/254863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of different carbon sources on morphology and cellulase and xylanase production of Penicillium echinulatum was evaluated in this work. Among the six carbon sources studied, cellulose and sugar cane bagasse were the most suitable for the production of filter paper activity, endoglucanases, xylanases, and β-glucosidases. However, sucrose and glucose showed β -glucosidase activities similar to those obtained with the insoluble sources. The polyacrylamide gels proved the enzymatic activity, since different standards bands were detected in the media mentioned above. Regarding morphology, it was observed that the mycelium in a dispersed form provided the greatest enzymatic activity, possibly due to greater interaction between the substrate and hyphae. These data are important in understanding the physiology of fungi and could contribute to obtaining enzyme with potential application in the technology of second generation ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Daniel Hahn Schneider
- Enzyme and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, 1130, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Laísa dos Reis
- Enzyme and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, 1130, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Marli Camassola
- Enzyme and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, 1130, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Aldo José Pinheiro Dillon
- Enzyme and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, 1130, Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
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22
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Kilikian B, Afonso L, Souza T, Ferreira R, Pinheiro I. Filamentous fungi and media for cellulase production in solid state cultures. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:279-86. [PMID: 24948946 PMCID: PMC4059312 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014005000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulase production was evaluated in two reference strains (T. reesei Rut-C30 and T. reesei QM9414), two strains isolated from a sugarcane cultivation area (Trichoderma sp. IPT778 and T. harzianum rifai IPT821) and one strain isolated in a program for biodiversity preservation in São Paulo state (Myceliophthora thermophila M77). Solid state cultures were performed using sugarcane bagasse (C), wheat bran (W) and/or soybean bran (S). The highest FPA was 10.6 U/gdm for M77 in SC (10:90) at 80% moisture, which was 4.4 times higher than production in pure W. C was a strong inducer of cellulase production, given that the production level of 6.1 U/gdm in WC (40:60) was 2.5 times higher than in pure W for strain M77; T. reesei Rut-C30 did not respond as strongly with about 1.6-fold surplus production. S advantageously replaced W, as the surplus production on SC (20:80) was 2.3 times relative to WC (20:80) for M77.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.V. Kilikian
- Departamento de Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - L.C. Afonso
- Departamento de Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - T.F.C. Souza
- Departamento de Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - R.G. Ferreira
- Departamento de Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - I.R. Pinheiro
- Departamento de Engenharia RuralCentro de Ciências AgráriasUniversidade Federal do Espírito SantoGuararemaESBrazil
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Kaur B, Oberoi HS, Chadha BS. Enhanced cellulase producing mutants developed from heterokaryotic Aspergillus strain. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 156:100-107. [PMID: 24491293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A heterokaryon 28, derived through protoplast fusion between Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus tubingensis (Dal8), was subjected cyclic mutagenesis followed by selection on increasing levels of 2-deoxy glucose (2-DG) as selection marker. The derived deregulated cellulase hyper producing mutant '64', when compared to fusant 28, produced 9.83, 7.8, 3.2, 4.2 and 19.74 folds higher endoglucanase, β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, FPase and xylanase, respectively, under shake cultures. The sequence analysis of PCR amplified β-glucosidase gene from wild and mutant showed nucleotide deletion/substitution. The mutants showed highly catalytic efficient β-glucosidase as evident from low Km and high Vmax values. The expression profiling through zymogram analysis also indicated towards over-expression of cellulases. The up/down regulated expressed proteins observed through SDS-PAGE were identified by Peptide mass fingerprinting The cellulase produced by mutants in conjunction with cellulase free xylanase derived from Thermomyces lanuginosus was used for efficient utilization of alkali treated rice straw for obtaining xylo-oligosaccharides and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljit Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India.
| | - H S Oberoi
- Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering Technology (CIPHET), Ludhiana 141 004, India.
| | - B S Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India.
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Validation of reference genes in Penicillium echinulatum to enable gene expression study using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Curr Genet 2014; 60:231-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-014-0421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Community structure and succession regulation of fungal consortia in the lignocellulose-degrading process on natural biomass. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:845721. [PMID: 24574925 PMCID: PMC3915490 DOI: 10.1155/2014/845721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to investigate fungal community structures and dynamic changes in forest soil lignocellulose-degrading process. rRNA gene clone libraries for the samples collected in different stages of lignocellulose degradation process were constructed and analyzed. A total of 26 representative RFLP types were obtained from original soil clone library, including Mucoromycotina (29.5%), unclassified Zygomycetes (33.5%), Ascomycota (32.4%), and Basidiomycota (4.6%). When soil accumulated with natural lignocellulose, 16 RFLP types were identified from 8-day clone library, including Basidiomycota (62.5%), Ascomycota (36.1%), and Fungi incertae sedis (1.4%). After enrichment for 15 days, identified 11 RFLP types were placed in 3 fungal groups: Basidiomycota (86.9%), Ascomycota (11.5%), and Fungi incertae sedis (1.6%). The results showed richer, more diversity and abundance fungal groups in original forest soil. With the degradation of lignocellulose, fungal groups Mucoromycotina and Ascomycota decreased gradually, and wood-rotting fungi Basidiomycota increased and replaced the opportunist fungi to become predominant group. Most of the fungal clones identified in sample were related to the reported lignocellulose-decomposing strains. Understanding of the microbial community structure and dynamic change during natural lignocellulose-degrading process will provide us with an idea and a basis to construct available commercial lignocellulosic enzymes or microbial complex.
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Novello M, Vilasboa J, Schneider WDH, Reis LD, Fontana RC, Camassola M. Enzymes for second generation ethanol: exploring new strategies for the use of xylose. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00909f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Ritter CET, Fontana RC, Camassola M, da Silveira MM, Dillon AJP. The influence of sorbitol on the production of cellulases and xylanases in an airlift bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 148:86-90. [PMID: 24045195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The production of cellulases and xylanases by Penicillium echinulatum in an airlift bioreactor was evaluated. In batch production, we tested media with isolated or associated cellulose and sorbitol. In fed-batch production, we tested cellulose addition at two different times, 30 h and 48 h. Higher liquid circulation velocities in the downcomer were observed in sorbitol 10 g L(-1) medium. In batch production, higher FPA (filter paper activity) and endoglucanase activities were obtained with cellulose (7.5 g L(-1)) and sorbitol (2.5 g L(-1)), 1.0 U mL(-1) (120 h) and 6.4 U m L(-1) (100 h), respectively. For xylanases, the best production condition was cellulose 10 g L(-1), which achieved 5.5 U mL(-1) in 64 h. The fed-batch process was favorable for obtaining xylanases, but not for FPA and endoglucanases, suggesting that in the case of cellulases, the inducer must be added early in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Eliana Todero Ritter
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caixa Postal 1352, 95001-970 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Agrawal R, Satlewal A, Verma AK. Development of a β-glucosidase hyperproducing mutant by combined chemical and UV mutagenesis. 3 Biotech 2013; 3:381-388. [PMID: 28324329 PMCID: PMC3781262 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-012-0095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular β-glucosidase from microorganisms is generally produced in low levels. Therefore, in this study, a β-glucosidase hyperproducing mutant was developed by multiple exposures of ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation (both individually and jointly) to Bacillus subtilis strain (PS). The developed mutants were screened, selected and characterized. The mutant, PS-UM1 developed after UV exposure alone, indicated a small increase in β-glucosidase production (718 U/l) in comparison to the wild-type strain, PS (675 U/l). The mutant, PS-CM5 developed after EMS exposure alone, displayed a slightly better production (762 U/l) than both the above strains. However, after exposure of the wild-type strain to both UV and EMS mutagens jointly, a better mutant (PS-CM5-UM3) was developed with 1.2-fold increase in production (806 U/l). Further, optimization of culture conditions by classical "one-variable-at-a-time" approach was done to determine the optimum, pH, temperature and nitrogen sources. The selected mutant (PS-CM5-UM3) produced up to 1,797 U/l enzyme and was found to be stable for ten generations. The β-glucosidase from the selected mutant (PS-CM5-UM3) was concentrated and purified using ammonium sulfate, dialysis and size-exclusion chromatography. The enzyme displayed maximal activity at 60 °C and it was found to be fairly stable at temperatures up to 70 °C for 30 min. Its molecular weight was determined to be around 60 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
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Dos Reis L, Fontana RC, da Silva Delabona P, da Silva Lima DJ, Camassola M, da Cruz Pradella JG, Dillon AJP. Increased production of cellulases and xylanases by Penicillium echinulatum S1M29 in batch and fed-batch culture. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 146:597-603. [PMID: 23973981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of more productive strains of microorganisms and processes that increase enzyme levels can contribute to the economically efficient production of second generation ethanol. To this end, cellulases and xylanases were produced with the S1M29 mutant strain of Penicillium echinulatum, using different concentrations of cellulose (20, 40, and 60 g L(-1)) in batch and fed-batch processes. The highest activities of FPase (8.3 U mL(-1)), endoglucanases (37.3 U mL(-1)), and xylanases (177 U mL(-1)) were obtained in fed-batch cultivation with 40 g L(-1) of cellulose. The P. echinulatum enzymatic broth and the commercial enzyme Cellic CTec2 were tested for hydrolysis of pretreated sugar cane bagasse. Maximum concentrations of glucose and xylose were achieved after 72 h of hydrolysis. Glucose yields of 28.0% and 27.0% were obtained using the P. echinulatum enzymatic extract and Cellic CTec2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laísa Dos Reis
- Enzymes and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselei Claudete Fontana
- Enzymes and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila da Silva Delabona
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory - CTBE, Rua Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000, Pólo II de Alta Tecnologia, Caxia Postal 6192, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deise Juliana da Silva Lima
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory - CTBE, Rua Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000, Pólo II de Alta Tecnologia, Caxia Postal 6192, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marli Camassola
- Enzymes and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - José Geraldo da Cruz Pradella
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory - CTBE, Rua Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000, Pólo II de Alta Tecnologia, Caxia Postal 6192, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldo José Pinheiro Dillon
- Enzymes and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.
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Cellulase and Xylanase Production by Penicillium echinulatum in Submerged Media Containing Cellulose Amended with Sorbitol. Enzyme Res 2013; 2013:240219. [PMID: 24058733 PMCID: PMC3766594 DOI: 10.1155/2013/240219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work investigated the use of sorbitol as a soluble carbon source, in association with cellulose, to produce cellulases and xylanases in submerged cultures of Penicillium echinulatum 9A02S1. Because cellulose is an insoluble carbon source, in cellulase production, there are some problems with rheology and oxygen transfer. The submerged fermentations containing media composed of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% (w/v) sorbitol and cellulose that were added at different times during the cultivation; 0.2% (w/v) soy bran; 0.1% (w/v) wheat bran; and a solution of salts. The highest filter paper activity (FPA) (1.95
±
0.04 IU·mL−1) was obtained on the seventh day in the medium containing 0.5% (w/v) sorbitol and 0.5% (w/v) cellulose added 24 h after the start of cultivation. However, the CMCases showed an activity peak on the sixth day (9.99 ± 0.75 IU·mL−1) in the medium containing 0.75% (w/v) sorbitol and 0.75% (w/v) cellulose added after 12 h of cultivation. The xylanases showed the highest activity in the medium with 0.75% (w/v) sorbitol and 0.25% (w/v) cellulose added 36 h after the start of cultivation. This strategy enables the reduction of the cellulose concentration, which in high concentrations can cause rheological and oxygen transfer problems.
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Valencia EY, Chambergo FS. Mini-review: Brazilian fungi diversity for biomass degradation. Fungal Genet Biol 2013; 60:9-18. [PMID: 23872076 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brazil houses over 10% of the total number of known species on Earth, with a great diversity of plants and fungi. The collection, isolation, identification and conservation of filamentous fungi with relevance to agriculture, pharmaceutical, food and biotechnological industries in Biological Resource Centers (CRBs) is very important to the development of a nation's scientific and technological infrastructure. In Brazil, 36 fungal collections are registered in the database of International Collections. Several federal and state programs have encouraged the formation of a researcher's network in order to study natural resources and the nation's biodiversity. In this context, Brazilian researchers have been on the frontiers of knowledge, investigating the enzymatic systems from native filamentous fungi with potential for biomass degradation and biotechnological application. In this review, we address recent progress in Brazilian fungal research, focusing on the identification and study of fungi and enzymes with potential for biomass degradation and application in bioenergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Y Valencia
- Departamento de Microbiologia Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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32
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Ribeiro O, Magalhães F, Aguiar TQ, Wiebe MG, Penttilä M, Domingues L. Random and direct mutagenesis to enhance protein secretion in Ashbya gossypii. Bioengineered 2013; 4:322-31. [PMID: 23644277 PMCID: PMC3813532 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.24653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the general secretion ability of the biotechnologically relevant fungus Ashbya gossypii, random mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) was performed. The selection and screening strategy followed revealed mutants with improved secretion of heterologous Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I (EGI), native α-amylase and/or native β-glucosidase. One mutant, S436, presented 1.4- to 2-fold increases in all extracellular enzymatic activities measured, when compared with the parent strain, pointing to a global improvement in protein secretion. Three other mutants exhibited 2- to 3-fold improvements in only one (S397, B390) or two (S466) of the measured activities.
A targeted genetic approach was also followed. Two homologs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAS1, AgGAS1A (AGL351W) and AgGAS1B (AGL352W), were deleted from the A. gossypii genome. For both copies deletion, a new antibiotic marker cassette conferring resistance to phleomycin, BLE3, was constructed. GAS1 encodes an β-1,3-glucanosyltransglycosylase involved in cell wall assembly. Higher permeability of the cell wall was expected to increase the protein secretion capacity. However, total protein secreted to culture supernatants and secreted EGI activity did not increase in the Aggas1AΔ mutants. Deletion of the AgGAS1B copy affected cellular morphology and resulted in severe retardation of growth, similarly to what has been reported for GAS1-defficient yeast. Thus, secretion could not be tested in these mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orquídea Ribeiro
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB); Centre of Biological Engineering; Universidade do Minho; Braga, Portugal; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; Otaniemi, Finland
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Delabona PDS, Cota J, Hoffmam ZB, Paixão DAA, Farinas CS, Cairo JPLF, Lima DJ, Squina FM, Ruller R, Pradella JGDC. Understanding the cellulolytic system of Trichoderma harzianum P49P11 and enhancing saccharification of pretreated sugarcane bagasse by supplementation with pectinase and α-L-arabinofuranosidase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 131:500-7. [PMID: 23391738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation of cellulase cocktails with accessory enzymes can contribute to a higher hydrolytic capacity in releasing fermentable sugars from plant biomass. This study investigated which enzymes were complementary to the enzyme set of Trichoderma harzianum in the degradation of sugarcane bagasse. Specific activities of T. harzianum extract on different substrates were compared with the extracts of Penicillium echinulatum and Trichoderma reesei, and two commercial cellulase preparations. Complementary analysis of the secretome of T. harzianum was also used to identify which enzymes were produced during growth on pretreated sugarcane bagasse. These analyses enabled the selection of the enzymes pectinase and α-L-arabinofuranosidase (AF) to be further investigated as supplements to the T. harzianum extract. The effect of enzyme supplementation on the efficiency of sugarcane bagasse saccharification was evaluated using response surface methodology. The supplementation of T. harzianum enzymatic extract with pectinase and AF increased the efficiency of hydrolysis by up to 116%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila da Silva Delabona
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory - CTBE, Rua Giuseppe Maximo Scolfaro 10000, Pólo II de Alta Tecnologia, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ribeiro DA, Cota J, Alvarez TM, Brüchli F, Bragato J, Pereira BMP, Pauletti BA, Jackson G, Pimenta MTB, Murakami MT, Camassola M, Ruller R, Dillon AJP, Pradella JGC, Paes Leme AF, Squina FM. The Penicillium echinulatum secretome on sugar cane bagasse. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50571. [PMID: 23227186 PMCID: PMC3515617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant feedstocks are at the leading front of the biofuel industry based on the potential to promote economical, social and environmental development worldwide through sustainable scenarios related to energy production. Penicillium echinulatum is a promising strain for the bioethanol industry based on its capacity to produce large amounts of cellulases at low cost. The secretome profile of P. echinulatum after grown on integral sugarcane bagasse, microcrystalline cellulose and three types of pretreated sugarcane bagasse was evaluated using shotgun proteomics. The comprehensive chemical characterization of the biomass used as the source of fungal nutrition, as well as biochemical activity assays using a collection of natural polysaccharides, were also performed. Our study revealed that the enzymatic repertoire of P. echinulatum is geared mainly toward producing enzymes from the cellulose complex (endogluganases, cellobiohydrolases and β-glucosidases). Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family members, important to biomass-to-biofuels conversion strategies, were identified, including endoglucanases GH5, 7, 6, 12, 17 and 61, β-glycosidase GH3, xylanases GH10 and GH11, as well as debranching hemicellulases from GH43, GH62 and CE2 and pectinanes from GH28. Collectively, the approach conducted in this study gave new insights on the better comprehension of the composition and degradation capability of an industrial cellulolytic strain, from which a number of applied technologies, such as biofuel production, can be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A. Ribeiro
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júnio Cota
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thabata M. Alvarez
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brüchli
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano Bragato
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M. P. Pereira
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca A. Pauletti
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - George Jackson
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria T. B. Pimenta
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario T. Murakami
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marli Camassola
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil
| | - Roberto Ruller
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldo J. P. Dillon
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil
| | - Jose G. C. Pradella
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana F. Paes Leme
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio M. Squina
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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35
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Key technologies for the industrial production of fumaric acid by fermentation. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1685-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Deng Y, Li S, Xu Q, Gao M, Huang H. Production of fumaric acid by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starchy materials with 2-deoxyglucose-resistant mutant strains of Rhizopus oryzae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 107:363-367. [PMID: 22217732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A mutant strain with high glucoamylase activity and insensitive to catabolite repression was developed to produce fumaric acid by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of starch without additional commercial glucoamylase supplementation. A series of mutant strains resistant to the non-metabolizable and toxic glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) were obtained by implanting nitrogen ion (N(+)) into Rhizopus oryzae ME-F12. Among them, the best mutant strain DG-3 produced 39.80 g/L fumaric acid, which is 1.28-fold of that produced by ME-F12, and exhibited higher glucoamylase activity during SSF. Higher fumaric acid production (44.10 g/L) was achieved when the initial total sugar concentration of cornstarch was 100g/L. During SSF of cheap, raw bioresource-degermed corn powder (100g/L total sugar) by DG-3, the maximum fumaric acid concentration and productivity were 32.18 g/L and 0.44 g/(Lh), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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37
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Dillon A, Bettio M, Pozzan F, Andrighetti T, Camassola M. A new Penicillium echinulatum strain with faster cellulase secretion obtained using hydrogen peroxide mutagenesis and screening with 2-deoxyglucose. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:48-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Camassola M, Dillon AJP. Cellulases and Xylanases Production by Penicillium echinulatum Grown on Sugar Cane Bagasse in Solid-State Fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 162:1889-900. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-8967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Rubini M, Dillon A, Kyaw C, Faria F, Poças-Fonseca M, Silva-Pereira I. Cloning, characterization and heterologous expression of the firstPenicillium echinulatumcellulase gene. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 108:1187-98. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Cheng Y, Song X, Qin Y, Qu Y. Genome shuffling improves production of cellulase byPenicillium decumbensJU-A10. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1837-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Wang YH, Zhou J, Chu J, Qian JC, Zhang SL, Zhuang YP. Production and distribution of beta-glucosidase in a mutant strain Trichoderma viride T 100-14. N Biotechnol 2009; 26:150-6. [PMID: 19643211 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of beta-glucosidase's production and distribution in a mutant strain Trichoderma viride T 100-14 at extracellular and intracellular levels were studied in this paper. Three experiment groups were done automatically with pH controlled at 4.8 during fermentation process, with 1mg/ml 2-deoxy-d-glucose addition or without pH control and 2-deoxy-d-glucose addition (control). Activity assay and electron microscopic immunogold labeling experiments were performed at different culture periods (24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours). Under constant pH 4.8, high density of immunogold labeling particles, highest intracellular enzyme activity, total enzyme activity and specific activity were observed at 24 hours of fermentation. After 72 hours, the extracellular and total activities fluctuated little and the maximal activity in extracellular fraction was 2.7 times higher than control. By contrast, with 2-deoxy-d-glucose addition, the secreted and total beta-glucosidase activities achieved their maximum at 96 hours of fermentation, and the maximal secreted activity increased 2.05-fold than the control. Additionally, the secretion ratio (maximal secreted beta-glucosidase activity/maximal total activity) with pH control or 2-deoxy-d-glucose addition was elevated profoundly near to a level as the cellulase in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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42
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Chandra M, Kalra A, Sangwan NS, Gaurav SS, Darokar MP, Sangwan RS. Development of a mutant of Trichoderma citrinoviride for enhanced production of cellulases. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:1659-1662. [PMID: 18951016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Considering importance of a microbial strain capable of increased cellulases production and insensitive to catabolite repression for industrial use, we have developed a mutant strain of Trichoderma citrinoviride by multiple exposures to EMS and ethidium bromide. The mutant produced 0.63, 3.12, 8.22 and 1.94 IU ml(-1) FPase, endoglucanase, beta-glucosidase and cellobiase, respectively. These levels were, respectively, 2.14, 2.10, 4.09 and 1.73 fold higher than those in parent strain. Glucose (upto 20 mM) did not repress enzyme production by the mutant under submerged fermentation conditions. In vitro activity assay with partially purified cellulase showed lack of inhibition by glucose. Interestingly, the partially purified endoglucanase and beta-glucosidase were activated by 2.0 fold and 2.6 fold, respectively, by 20 mM and 30 mM ethanol in the assay mixture. Genetic distinction of the mutant was revealed by the presence of two unique amplicans in comparative DNA fingerprinting performed using 20 random primers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Chandra
- Division of Field Laboratories and Organic Farming, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, UP, India
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43
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Generation of recombinants strains to cellulases production by protoplast fusion between Penicillium echinulatum and Trichoderma harzianum. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Bokhari SAI, Latif F, Rajoka MI. Kinetics of high-Level of ß-glucosidase production by a 2-deoxyglucose-resistant mutant of Humicola lanuginosa in submerged fermentation. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY : [PUBLICATION OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY] 2008; 39:724-33. [PMID: 24031297 PMCID: PMC3768480 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220080004000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 2-deoxyglucose-resistant mutant (M7) of Humicola lanuginosa was obtained by exposing conidia to γ-rays and permitting expression in broth containing 0.6% 2-deoxyglucose (DG) and cellobiose (1%) before plating on DG esculin-ferric ammonium citrate agar medium from which colonies showing faster and bigger blackening zones were selected. Kinetic parameters for enhanced ß-glucosidase (BGL) synthesis by M7 were achieved when corncobs acted as the carbon source. The combination between corncobs and corn steep liquor was the best to support higher values of all product formation kinetic parameters. Effect of temperature on the kinetic and thermodynamic attributes of BGL production equilibrium in the wild organism and M7 was studied using batch process at eight different temperatures in shake-flask studies. The best performance was found at 45°C and 20 g L−1 corncobs in 64 h. Both growth and product formation (17.93 U mL−1) were remarkably high at 45°C and both were coupled under optimum working conditions. Product yield of BGL from the mutant M7 (1556.5 U g−1 dry corncobs) was significantly higher than the values reported on all fungal and bacterial systems. Mutation had thermo-stabilization influence on the organism and mutant required lower activation energy for growth and lower magnitudes of enthalpy and entropy for product formation than those demanded by the wild organism, other mesophilic and thermo-tolerant organisms. In the inactivation phase, the organisms needed lower values of activation energy, enthalpy and entropy for product formation equilibrium, confirming thermophilic nature of metabolic network possessed by the mutant organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ali Imran Bokhari
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering , P.O. Box 577, Faisalabad , Pakistan
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45
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Kumar P, Satyanarayana T. Overproduction of glucoamylase by a deregulated mutant of a thermophilic mould Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 158:113-25. [PMID: 18769880 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae, a glucoamylase-producing thermophilic mould, was mutagenised using nitrous acid and gamma ((60)Co) irradiation in a sequential manner to isolate deregulated mutants for enhanced production of glucoamylase. The mutants were isolated on Emerson YpSs agar containing a non-metabolisable glucose analogue 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) for selection. The preliminary screening for glucoamylase production using starch-iodine plate assay followed by quantitative confirmation in submerged fermentation permitted the isolation of several variants showing varying levels of derepression and glucoamylase secretion. The mutant strain T. indicae-seudaticae CR19 was able to grow in the presence of 0.5 g l(-1) 2-DG and produced 1.8-fold higher glucoamylase. As with the parent strain, glucoamylase production by T. indicae-seudaticae CR19 in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks attained a peak in 48 h of fermentation, showing higher glucoamylase productivity (0.67 U ml(-1) h(-1)) than the former (0.375 U ml(-1) h(-1)). A large-scale cultivation in 5-l laboratory bioreactor confirmed similar fermentation profiles, though the glucoamylase production peak was attained within 36 h attributable to the better control of process parameters. Although the mutant grew slightly slow in the presence of 2-DG and exhibited less sporulation, it showed faster growth on normal Emerson medium with a higher specific growth rate (0.138 h(-1)) compared to the parent strain (0.123 h(-1)). The glucoamylase produced by both strains was optimally active at 60 degrees C and pH 7.0 and displayed broad substrate specificity by cleaving alpha-1,4- and alpha-1,6-glycosidic linkages in starch, amylopectin, amylose and pullulan. Improved productivity and higher specific growth rate make T. indicae-seudaticae CR19 a useful strain for glucoamylase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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46
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Camassola M, Dillon AJP. Production of cellulases and hemicellulases by Penicillium echinulatum grown on pretreated sugar cane bagasse and wheat bran in solid-state fermentation. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 103:2196-204. [PMID: 18045402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the solid-state fermentation (SSF) production of cellulase and hemicellulases (xylanases), by Penicillium echinulatum 9A02S1, in experiments carried out with different concentrations of the pretreated sugar cane bagasse (PSCB) and wheat bran (WB). METHODS AND RESULTS This study reports the production of xylanolytic and cellulolytic enzymes by P. echinulatum 9A02S1 using a cheap medium containing PSCB and WB under SSF. The highest amounts of filter paper activity (FPA) could be measured on mixtures of PSCB and WB (32.89 +/- 1.90 U gdm(-1)). The highest beta-glucosidase activity was 58.95 +/- 2.58 U gdm(-1) on the fourth day. The highest activity for endoglucanases was 282.36 +/- 1.23 U gdm(-1) on the fourth day, and for xylanases the activity was around 10 U gdm(-1) from the second to the fourth day. CONCLUSIONS The present work has established the potential of P. echinulatum for FPA, endoglucanase, beta-glucosidase and xylanase productions in SSF, indicating that WB may be partially substituted by PSCB. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The incorporation of cheap sources, such as sugar cane bagasse, into media for the production of lignocellulose enzymes should help decrease the production costs of enzymatic complexes that can hydrolyse lignocellulose residues for the formation of fermented syrups, thus contributing to the economic production of bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Camassola
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul-RS, Brazil
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47
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Martins LF, Kolling D, Camassola M, Dillon AJP, Ramos LP. Comparison of Penicillium echinulatum and Trichoderma reesei cellulases in relation to their activity against various cellulosic substrates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:1417-24. [PMID: 17408952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Revised: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium echinulatum has been identified as a potential cellulase producer for bioconversion processes but its cellulase system has never been investigated in detail. In this work, the volumetric activities of P. echinulatum cellulases were determined against filter paper (0.27 U/mL), carboxymethylcellulose (1.53 U/mL), hydroxyethylcellulose (4.68 U/mL), birchwood xylan (3.16 U/mL), oat spelt xylan (3.29 U/mL), Sigmacell type 50 (0.10 U/mL), cellobiose (0.19 U/mL), and p-nitrophenyl-glucopiranoside (0.31 U/mL). These values were then expressed in relation to the amount of protein and compared those of Trichoderma reesei cellulases (Celluclast 1.5L FG, Novozymes). Both enzyme complexes were shown to have similar total cellulase and xylanase activities. Analysis of substrate hydrolysates demonstrated that P. echinulatum enzymes have higher beta-glucosidase activity than Celluclast 1.5L FG, while the latter appears to have greater cellobiohydrolase activity. Unlike Celluclast 1.5L FG, P. echinulatum cellulases had enough beta-glucosidase activity to remove most of the cellobiose produced in hydrolysis experiments. However, Celluclast 1.5L FG became more powerful than P. echinulatum cellulases when supplemented with exogenous beta-glucosidase activity (Novozym 188). Both cellulase complexes displayed the same influence over the degree of polymerization of cellulose, revealing that hydrolyzes were carried out under the typical endo-exo synergism of fungal enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Faria Martins
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19081, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil
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Sehnem NT, de Bittencourt LR, Camassola M, Dillon AJP. Cellulase production by Penicillium echinulatum on lactose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 72:163-167. [PMID: 16408174 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Revised: 10/27/2005] [Accepted: 11/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The inducer effect of lactose on cellulase activity in Penicillium echinulatum 9A02S1 was studied. Submerged cultivation was performed using different concentrations of lactose and cellulose, in which the pH, mycelial mass, soluble proteins, filter paper activity (FPA), and activity of beta-glucosidases were measured. The cultures containing lactose only presented low FPAs (0.1 FPU/ml). The cultures with associated cellulose and lactose and those containing cellulose only presented similar enzymatic activities (1.5 FPU/ml), suggesting the possibility of up to 75% reduction in the cellulose concentration. In relation to the beta-glucosidases, increasing the lactose/cellulose ratio results in a proportional increase of enzymatic activity. In the cultures using both inducers, there is a longer duration of the acid phase in relation to treatments using only cellulose or lactose, indicating diauxia and catabolic repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Teixeira Sehnem
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of de Caxias do Sul, 1130 Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street, 95070-560, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano Ramos de Bittencourt
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of de Caxias do Sul, 1130 Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street, 95070-560, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Marli Camassola
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of de Caxias do Sul, 1130 Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street, 95070-560, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Aldo J P Dillon
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of de Caxias do Sul, 1130 Francisco Getúlio Vargas Street, 95070-560, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.
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