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Zhumakayev AR, Varga M, Vörös M, Kocsubé S, Ramteke PW, Szekeres A, Vágvölgyi C, Hatvani L, Marik T. Characterization of the antagonistic potential of the glyphosate-tolerant Pseudomonas resinovorans SZMC 25872 strain against the plant pathogenic bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1034237. [PMID: 36518497 PMCID: PMC9743988 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1034237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of microorganisms with biocontrol activity against fungal and bacterial pathogens of plants is recognized as a promising, effective, and environment-friendly strategy to protect agricultural crops. We report the glyphosate-tolerant Pseudomonas resinovorans SZMC 25872 isolate as a novel strain with antagonistic potential towards the plant pathogenic bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In our studies, the growth of the P. resinovorans SZMC 25872 and A. tumefaciens SZMC 14557 isolates in the presence of 74 different carbon sources, and the effect of 11 carbon sources utilized by both strains on the biocontrol efficacy was examined. Seven variations of media with different carbon sources were selected for the assays to observe the biocontrol potential of the P. resinovorans strain. Also, 50% concentrations of the cell-free culture filtrates (CCF) obtained from medium amended with L-alanine or succinic acid as sole carbon source were found to be effective for the growth suppression of A. tumefaciens by 83.03 and 56.80%, respectively. The effect of 7 media on siderophore amount and the activity of extracellular trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteases, as well as esterases were also evaluated. Significant positive correlation was found between the siderophore amount and the percentage of inhibition, and the inhibitory effect of the CCFs obtained from medium amended with succinic acid was eliminated in the presence of an additional iron source, suggesting that siderophores produced by P. resinovorans play an important role in its antagonistic potential. The metabolic profile analysis of the P. resinovorans SZMC 25872 strain, performed by high performance liquid chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS), has identified several previously not reported metabolites that might play role in the antagonistic effect against A. tumefaciens. Based on our findings we suggest that the possible inhibition modes of A. tumefaciens SZMC 14557 by P. resinovorans SZMC 25872 include siderophore-mediated suppression, extracellular enzyme activities and novel bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar R. Zhumakayev
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Vörös
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Pramod W. Ramteke
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Ambedkar College, Deekshbhoomi, Nagpur, India
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lóránt Hatvani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Marik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Oraby A, Rupp S, Zibek S. Techno-Economic Analysis as a Driver for Optimisation of Cellobiose Lipid Fermentation and Purification. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:913351. [PMID: 35782519 PMCID: PMC9249125 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.913351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellobiose lipids (CL) are glycolipids synthesized by Ustilaginaceae species with potential application as detergents or in cosmetics. This study identified process optimisation potential for CL fermentation based on process modelling and techno-economic analysis. Using a stoichiometric equation based on laboratory data, we calculated the maximum possible CL yield YP/S of 0.45 gCL·gglucose−1 at the biomass yield of 0.10 gBiomass·gglucose−1 with an Ustilago maydis strain. Due to substrate inhibition that may occur at high glucose concentrations, a fed-batch process to increase biomass and CL concentrations was considered in our model. Simulation of different process scenarios showed that the choice of aeration units with high oxygen transfer rates and adaptation of power input to oxygen uptake can significantly decrease electricity consumption. We further assessed scenarios with different fermentation media and CL purification methods, suggesting additional process optimisation potential. Here the omission of vitamins from the fermentation medium proved to be a possible mean to enhance process economy, without compromising CL productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Oraby
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steffen Rupp
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Susanne Zibek
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- *Correspondence: Susanne Zibek,
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Overview on Glycosylated Lipids Produced by Bacteria and Fungi: Rhamno-, Sophoro-, Mannosylerythritol and Cellobiose Lipids. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 181:73-122. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Oraby A, Werner N, Sungur Z, Zibek S. Factors Affecting the Synthesis of Cellobiose Lipids by Sporisorium scitamineum. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:555647. [PMID: 33251192 PMCID: PMC7673458 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.555647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellobiose lipids (CL) are extracellular glycolipids that are produced by many microorganisms from the family Ustilaginaceae. The sugarcane smut fungus Sporisorium scitamineum has been long known as a producer of the glycolipids mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL) and was recently described to additionally secrete CL as a byproduct. In fact, we identified 11 homologous genes in S. scitamineum by in silico analysis sharing a high similarity to the CL biosynthesis gene cluster of Ustilago maydis. We here report the first systematic cultivation of S. scitamineum targeting the synthesis of CL with high product titers and its transfer to the bioreactor. In an initial screening we examined different fermentation media compositions, consisting of a mineral salts solution with vitamins and/or trace elements, three carbon sources (glucose, fructose, sucrose), three pH values (2.5, 4.0, 6.7) and three levels of C/N values (42.2, 83.8, 167.2 molC⋅molN -1) with urea as nitrogen source. A pH of 2.5 proved to result in the highest product titers. An increase of urea concentration from 0.6 to 1.2 g⋅L-1 had a positive effect on biomass formation, however the glycolipid formation was favored at a C/N ratio of 83.8 molC⋅molN -1, using 0.6 g⋅L-1 urea. Amongst the examined carbon sources, sucrose resulted in an increase in the secretion of cellobiose lipids, compared to glucose. Comparing different media compositions, vitamins were identified as not necessary for CL synthesis. We obtained a concentration of cellobiose lipids of 8.3 ± 1.0 g⋅L-1 in shaking flasks. This increased to 17.6 g⋅L-1 in the 1 L bioreactor with additional feeding of carbon source, with a final purity of 85-93%. As a side product, erythritol and mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL) were also synthesized. Via HPTLC coupled MALDI-TOF MS we were able to analyze the secreted CL structures. S. scitamineum produces a mixture of acylated low molecular weight D-glucolipids, linked to a 2,15,16-trihydroxy-hexadecanoic acid via their ω-hydroxyl group (CL-B). The produced cellobiose lipids precipitate as needle like crystals at an acidic pH value of 2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Oraby
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nicole Werner
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zehra Sungur
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Susanne Zibek
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Akkermans V, Verstraete R, Braem C, D'aes J, Dries J. Mannosylerythritol Lipid Production from Oleaginous Yeast Cell Lysate byMoesziomyces aphidis. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2019.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Akkermans
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Ruben Verstraete
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Caroline Braem
- Department of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Karel de Grote University College, Hoboken, Belgium
| | - Jolien D'aes
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jan Dries
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
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Morphological differences between aerial and submerged sporidia of bio-fongicide Pseudozyma flocculosa CBS 16788. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201677. [PMID: 30067835 PMCID: PMC6070284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudozyma flocculosa is a fungus very useful and highly efficient as a biocontrol agent against powdery mildew. The reproduction of this fungus occurs exclusively by asexual production of conidia or sporidia that are the most suitable form for agricultural use and seems to be the most resistant to storage conditions. Despite the advantages offered by P. flocculosa in biological control, the use of this fungus use remains largely limited compared to that of chemical fungicides, at least partly due to the difficulty to obtain sporidia resistant to adverse environmental stresses in submerged culture conditions. Under solid-state and submerged-state cultivation, P. flocculosa strain CBS 16788 produced different types of sporidia. The submerged sporidia (SS) appeared relatively uniform in size, which was 15,4 ± 1,6 μm μm long, and 2,8 ± 0.8 μm wide. The aerial sporidia (AS) varied in shape and size, with a mean length of 8,2 ± 3 μm and width of 2,3 ± 0.6 μm. Under scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the cell wall of submerged sporidia was thinner than that of aerial spores, and the surface was smooth in contrast to the aerial sporidia that had a tendency to have verrucous, brittle surface characteristics. The thickness of the aerial sporidia wall is due to the presence of an outer layer rich in melanin. The sporidia germination was compared on YMPD (yeast extract, malt extract, soy peptone, dextrose and agar) coated coverslips. The aerial sporidia did not show germ tubes until 5 h of incubation, while the submerged sporidia showed many germ tubes after the same time. The resistance against the adverse environmental conditions in relation to the type of sporidia of P. flocculosa is discussed.
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Laur J, Ramakrishnan GB, Labbé C, Lefebvre F, Spanu PD, Bélanger RR. Effectors involved in fungal-fungal interaction lead to a rare phenomenon of hyperbiotrophy in the tritrophic system biocontrol agent-powdery mildew-plant. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:713-725. [PMID: 29044534 PMCID: PMC6079639 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tritrophic interactions involving a biocontrol agent, a pathogen and a plant have been analyzed predominantly from the perspective of the biocontrol agent. We have conducted the first comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of all three organisms in an effort to understand the elusive properties of Pseudozyma flocculosa in the context of its biocontrol activity against Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei as it parasitizes Hordeum vulgare. After inoculation of P. flocculosa, the tripartite interaction was monitored over time and samples collected for scanning electron microscopy and RNA sequencing. Based on our observations, P. flocculosa indirectly parasitizes barley, albeit transiently, by diverting nutrients extracted by B. graminis from barley leaves through a process involving unique effectors. This brings novel evidence that such molecules can also influence fungal-fungal interactions. Their release is synchronized with a higher expression of powdery mildew haustorial effectors, a sharp decline in the photosynthetic machinery of barley and a developmental peak in P. flocculosa. The interaction culminates with a collapse of B. graminis haustoria, thereby stopping P. flocculosa growth, as barley plants show higher metabolic activity. To conclude, our study has uncovered a complex and intricate phenomenon, described here as hyperbiotrophy, only achievable through the conjugated action of the three protagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Laur
- Département de PhytologieUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanadaG1V 0A6
| | | | - Caroline Labbé
- Département de PhytologieUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanadaG1V 0A6
| | | | - Pietro D. Spanu
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK
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Jezierska S, Claus S, Van Bogaert I. Yeast glycolipid biosurfactants. FEBS Lett 2017; 592:1312-1329. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Jezierska
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Centre for Synthetic Biology Gent Belgium
| | - Silke Claus
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Centre for Synthetic Biology Gent Belgium
| | - Inge Van Bogaert
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Centre for Synthetic Biology Gent Belgium
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9
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Biotechnological production of value-added compounds by ustilaginomycetous yeasts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7789-7809. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Roelants SLKW, De Maeseneire SL, Ciesielska K, Van Bogaert INA, Soetaert W. Biosurfactant gene clusters in eukaryotes: regulation and biotechnological potential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3449-61. [PMID: 24531239 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biosurfactants (BSs) are a class of secondary metabolites representing a wide variety of structures that can be produced from renewable feedstock by a wide variety of micro-organisms. They have (potential) applications in the medical world, personal care sector, mining processes, food industry, cosmetics, crop protection, pharmaceuticals, bio-remediation, household detergents, paper and pulp industry, textiles, paint industries, etc. Especially glycolipid BSs like sophorolipids (SLs), rhamnolipids (RLs), mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) and cellobioselipids (CBLs) have been described to provide significant opportunities to (partially) replace chemical surfactants. The major two factors currently limiting the penetration of BSs into the market are firstly the limited structural variety and secondly the rather high production price linked with the productivity. One of the keys to resolve the above mentioned bottlenecks can be found in the genetic engineering of natural producers. This could not only result in more efficient (economical) recombinant producers, but also in a diversification of the spectrum of available BSs as such resolving both limiting factors at once. Unraveling the genetics behind the biosynthesis of these interesting biological compounds is indispensable for the tinkering, fine tuning and rearrangement of these biological pathways with the aim of obtaining higher yields and a more extensive structural variety. Therefore, this review focuses on recent developments in the investigation of the biosynthesis, genetics and regulation of some important members of the family of the eukaryotic glycolipid BSs (MELs, CBLs and SLs). Moreover, recent biotechnological achievements and the industrial potential of engineered strains are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L K W Roelants
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium,
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Beta hydroxylation of glycolipids from Ustilago maydis and Pseudozyma flocculosa by an NADPH-dependent β-hydroxylase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:7823-9. [PMID: 21926207 DOI: 10.1128/aem.05822-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Flocculosin and ustilagic acid (UA), two highly similar antifungal cellobiose lipids, are respectively produced by Pseudozyma flocculosa, a biocontrol agent, and Ustilago maydis, a plant pathogen. Both glycolipids contain a short-chain fatty acid hydroxylated at the β position but differ in the long fatty acid, which is hydroxylated at the α position in UA and at the β position in flocculosin. In both organisms, the biosynthesis genes are arranged in large clusters. The functions of most genes have already been characterized, but those of the P. flocculosa fhd1 gene and its homolog from U. maydis, uhd1, have remained undefined. The deduced amino acid sequences of these genes show homology to those of short-chain dehydrogenases and reductases (SDR). We disrupted the uhd1 gene in U. maydis and analyzed the secreted UA. uhd1 deletion strains produced UA lacking the β-hydroxyl group of the short-chain fatty acid. To analyze the function of P. flocculosa Fhd1, the corresponding gene was used to complement U. maydis Δuhd1 mutants. Fhd1 was able to restore wild-type UA production, indicating that Fhd1 is responsible for β hydroxylation of the flocculosin short-chain fatty acid. We also investigated a P. flocculosa homolog of the U. maydis long-chain fatty-acid alpha hydroxylase Ahd1. The P. flocculosa ahd1 gene, which does not reside in the flocculosin gene cluster, was introduced into U. maydis Δahd1 mutant strains. P. flocculosa Ahd1 neither complemented the U. maydis Δahd1 phenotype nor resulted in the production of β-hydroxylated UA. This suggests that P. flocculosa Ahd1 is not involved in flocculosin hydroxylation.
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Teichmann B, Labbé C, Lefebvre F, Bölker M, Linne U, Bélanger RR. Identification of a biosynthesis gene cluster for flocculosin a cellobiose lipid produced by the biocontrol agent Pseudozyma flocculosa. Mol Microbiol 2011; 79:1483-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ecological basis of the interaction between Pseudozyma flocculosa and powdery mildew fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 77:926-33. [PMID: 21115715 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01255-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we sought to understand how glycolipid production and the availability of nutrients could explain the ecology of Pseudozyma flocculosa and its biocontrol activity. For this purpose, we compared the development of P. flocculosa to that of a close relative, the plant pathogen Ustilago maydis, under different environmental conditions. This approach was further supported by measuring the expression of cyp1, a pivotal gene in the synthesis of unique antifungal cellobiose lipids of both fungi. On healthy cucumber and tomato plants, the expression of cyp1 remained unchanged over time in P. flocculosa and was undetected in U. maydis. At the same time, green fluorescent protein (GFP) strains of both fungi showed only limited green fluorescence on control leaves. On powdery mildew-infected cucumber leaves, P. flocculosa induced a complete collapse of the pathogen colonies, but glycolipid production, as studied by cyp1 expression, was still comparable to that of controls. In complete contrast, cyp1 was upregulated nine times when P. flocculosa was applied to Botrytis cinerea-infected leaves, but the biocontrol fungus did not develop very well on the pathogen. Analysis of the possible nutrients that could stimulate the growth of P. flocculosa on powdery mildew structures revealed that the complex Zn/Mn played a key role in the interaction. Other related fungi such as U. maydis do not appear to have the same nutritional requirements and hence lack the ability to colonize powdery mildews. Whether production of antifungal glycolipids contributes to the release of nutrients from powdery mildew colonies is unclear, but the specificity of the biocontrol activity of P. flocculosa toward Erysiphales does appear to be more complex than simple antibiosis.
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Hammami W, Chain F, Michaud D, Bélanger RR. Proteomic analysis of the metabolic adaptation of the biocontrol agent Pseudozyma flocculosa leading to glycolipid production. Proteome Sci 2010; 8:7. [PMID: 20181132 PMCID: PMC2830954 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-8-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast-like epiphytic fungus Pseudozyma flocculosa is known to antagonize powdery mildew fungi through proliferation on colonies presumably preceded by the release of an antifungal glycolipid (flocculosin). In culture conditions, P. flocculosa can be induced to produce or not flocculosin through manipulation of the culture medium nutrients. In order to characterize and understand the metabolic changes in P. flocculosa linked to glycolipid production, we conducted a 2-DE proteomic analysis and compared the proteomic profile of P. flocculosa growing under conditions favoring the development of the fungus (control) or conducive to flocculosin synthesis (stress). A large number of protein spots (771) were detected in protein extracts of the control treatment compared to only 435 matched protein spots in extracts of the stress cultures, which clearly suggests an important metabolic reorganization in slow-growing cells producing flocculosin. From the latter treatment, we were able to identify 21 protein spots that were either specific to the treatment or up-regulated significantly (2-fold increase). All of them were identified based on similarity between predicted ORF of the newly sequenced genome of P. flocculosa with Ustilago maydis' available annotated sequences. These proteins were associated with the carbon and fatty acid metabolism, and also with the filamentous change of the fungus leading to flocculosin production. This first look into the proteome of P. flocculosa suggests that flocculosin synthesis is elicited in response to specific stress or limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Hammami
- Département de Phytologie, Centre de recherche en horticulture, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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Marchand G, Rémus-Borel W, Chain F, Hammami W, Belzile F, Bélanger RR. Identification of genes potentially involved in the biocontrol activity of Pseudozyma flocculosa. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2009; 99:1142-1149. [PMID: 19740027 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-99-10-1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flocculosin is an antifungal cellobiose lipid linked to the biocontrol activity of Pseudozyma flocculosa and whose structure is very similar to that of ustilagic acid produced by Ustilago maydis. In this work, homologs of the U. maydis cyp1 gene, involved in the biosynthesis of ustilagic acid, were isolated and sequenced from P. flocculosa and P. fusiformata, the latter species being also known to produce ustilagic acid. Interestingly, no homologs were found in four other closely related Pseudozyma spp. from which no evidence of ustilagic acid production has ever been obtained, thus supporting the specificity of cyp1 with ustilagic acid synthesis. In addition, a homolog of the U. maydis uat1 gene involved in the acetylation of the molecule and located next to the cyp1 gene was partially sequenced from P. flocculosa. All three newly sequenced genes showed strong sequence similarity to their counterparts in U. maydis. Cyp1 expression was monitored in conditions that were either conducive or repressive to flocculosin production. Expression increased markedly (>100x) when P. flocculosa was inoculated in a growth medium conducive to flocculosin production but was rapidly downregulated in a repressive medium (in vitro) or on powdery mildew-infected cucumber leaves (in vivo). This suggests that the molecule was preferentially synthesized early in the process of searching for a growth substrate. This study provides the first identification of genes involved in the production of flocculosin, a molecule potentially associated with the biocontrol properties of P. flocculosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marchand
- Département de Phytologie, Centre de recherche en horticulture, Pavillon de l'Envirotron, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Kulakovskaya TV, Golubev WI, Tomashevskaya MA, Kulakovskaya EV, Shashkov AS, Grachev AA, Chizhov AS, Nifantiev NE. Production of antifungal cellobiose lipids by Trichosporon porosum. Mycopathologia 2009; 169:117-23. [PMID: 19757153 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-009-9236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Trichosporon porosum suppresses growth of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes belonging to 52 genera. It is due to secretion of a thermostable fungicidal agent. The suppression was maximal at pH 3.5-4.0. Fungicidal preparation obtained from the culture broth was shown to be a mixture of cellobiosides of dihydrodecane acid with different degree of acetylation of cellobiose residue. The preparation caused the death of Candida albicans and Filobasidiella neoformans cells in the concentrations of 0.2 and 0.03 mM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Kulakovskaya
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow, Russia.
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Mimee B, Labbe C, Belanger RR. Catabolism of flocculosin, an antimicrobial metabolite produced by Pseudozyma flocculosa. Glycobiology 2009; 19:995-1001. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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