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Peng JM, Zhang DD, Huang ZY, Fu MJ. The Stress of Fungicides Changes the Expression of Clock Protein CmFRQ and the Morphology of Fruiting Bodies of Cordyceps militaris. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:150. [PMID: 38392822 PMCID: PMC10890350 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The physiological, biochemical, and morphological changes brought about by fungi in response to fungicides can undoubtedly bring diversity to fungi. Cordyceps militaris strains TN (mating type genes MAT1-1-1, MAT1-1-2, and MAT1-2-1) and CmFRQ-454 (mating type genes MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-1-2) were treated with non-lethal doses of fungicides amphotericin B, L-cysteine, terbinafine, and 5-fluorocytosine. The results showed that the treatment with amphotericin B, terbinafine, and 5-fluorocytosine promoted an increase in the relative content of clock protein CmFRQ (C. militaris FREQUENCY) in the mycelium of strain TN, while the high concentration of L-cysteine inhibited the expression of CmFRQ in strain TN. These four fungicides could reduce the relative contents of CmFRQ in the mycelium of strain CmFRQ454. The relative contents of CmFRQ in the mycelium of strain TN were increased after removing the four fungicides, but the relative contents of CmFRQ in the mycelium of strain CmFRQ454 were decreased after removing the four fungicides. This indicates that the effect of fungicides on CmFRQ on mycelium was still sustained after removing the stress of fungicides, and the operation of the circadian clock was changed. The fruiting bodies of C. militaris strain TN and CmFRQ-454 were still degenerated to varying degrees after removing amphotericin B, L-cysteine, and terbinafine. However, the fruiting bodies of strain TN after removing 5-fluorocytosine did not show significant degeneration; the fruiting bodies of strain CmFRQ-454 after removing 5-fluorocytosine obtained rejuvenation. These results indicate that the stress of fungicides could lead to the degeneration of fruiting bodies as well as the rejuvenation of fruiting bodies, resulting in the morphological diversity of C. militaris. The increase or decrease of the CmFRQ-454, the main component of the circadian clock, caused by the stress of fungicants, might lead to the differential degeneration of different mating-type strains of C. militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Mei Peng
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, No. 99, Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, No. 99, Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Zi-Yan Huang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, No. 99, Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Ming-Jia Fu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, No. 99, Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
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Bákány B, Antal R, Szentesi P, Emri T, Leiter É, Csernoch L, Keller NP, Pócsi I, Dienes B. The bZIP-type transcription factors NapA and RsmA modulate the volumetric ratio and the relative superoxide ratio of mitochondria in Aspergillus nidulans. Biol Futur 2023; 74:337-346. [PMID: 37814124 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-023-00184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are crucial components of differentiation, cellular homeostasis and the environmental stress defense of eukaryotes. In this work, we further studied the consequence of gene deletion and overexpression of two bZIP transcription factors, NapA and RsmA, on superoxide production, mitochondrial morphology and hyphal diameter of Aspergillus nidulans. We have found that reactive oxygen species production was influenced by both gene deletion and overexpression of napA under tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH) elicited oxidative stress. Furthermore, gene expression of napA negatively correlated with mitochondrial volumetric ratio as well as sterigmatocystin production of A. nidulans. High rsmA expression was accompanied with elevated relative superoxide ratio in the second hyphal compartment. A negative correlation between the expression of rsmA and catalase enzyme activity or mitochondrial volumetric ratio was also confirmed by statistical analysis. Hyphal diameter was independent on either rsmA and napA expression as well as 0.2 mM tBOOH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Bákány
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Réka Antal
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Szentesi
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELRN-UD Cell Physiology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELRN-UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Leiter
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
- ELRN-UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - László Csernoch
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELRN-UD Cell Physiology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELRN-UD Fungal Stress Biology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Dienes
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELRN-UD Cell Physiology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
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Scheckhuber CQ. Studying the mechanisms and targets of glycation and advanced glycation end-products in simple eukaryotic model systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 127:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Leiter É, Park HS, Kwon NJ, Han KH, Emri T, Oláh V, Mészáros I, Dienes B, Vincze J, Csernoch L, Yu JH, Pócsi I. Characterization of the aodA, dnmA, mnSOD and pimA genes in Aspergillus nidulans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20523. [PMID: 26846452 PMCID: PMC4742808 DOI: 10.1038/srep20523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play key roles in cellular energy generation and lifespan of most eukaryotes. To understand the functions of four nuclear-encoded genes predicted to be related to the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and function in Aspergillus nidulans, systematic characterization was carried out. The deletion and overexpression mutants of aodA, dnmA, mnSOD and pimA encoding alternative oxidase, dynamin related protein, manganese superoxide dismutase and Lon protease, respectively, were generated and examined for their growth, stress tolerances, respiration, autolysis, cell death, sterigmatocystin production, hyphal morphology and size, and mitochondrial superoxide production as well as development. Overall, genetic manipulation of these genes had less effect on cellular physiology and ageing in A. nidulans than that of their homologs in another fungus Podospora anserina with a well-characterized senescence. The observed interspecial phenotypic differences can be explained by the dissimilar intrinsic stabilities of the mitochondrial genomes in A. nidulans and P. anserina. Furthermore, the marginally altered phenotypes observed in A. nidulans mutants indicate the presence of effective compensatory mechanisms for the complex networks of mitochondrial defense and quality control. Importantly, these findings can be useful for developing novel platforms for heterologous protein production, or on new biocontrol and bioremediation technologies based on Aspergillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Leiter
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hee-Soo Park
- Departments of Bacteriology and Genetics, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nak-Jung Kwon
- Departments of Bacteriology and Genetics, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kap-Hoon Han
- Departments of Bacteriology and Genetics, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Woosuk University, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tamás Emri
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktor Oláh
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ilona Mészáros
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Dienes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Vincze
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yu
- Departments of Bacteriology and Genetics, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Leiter É, Bálint M, Miskei M, Orosz E, Szabó Z, Pócsi I. Stress tolerances of nullmutants of function-unknown genes encoding menadione stress-responsive proteins inAspergillus nidulans. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 56:827-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Éva Leiter
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Mihály Bálint
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Márton Miskei
- MTA-DE Momentum, Laboratory of Protein Dynamics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Orosz
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Szabó
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
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Yuan Y, Long P, Jiang C, Li M, Huang L. Development and characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers based on a full-length cDNA library of Scutellaria baicalensis. Genomics 2015; 105:61-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mitochondrial quality control in aging and lifespan control of the fungal aging model Podospora anserina. Biochem Soc Trans 2012; 39:1488-92. [PMID: 21936839 DOI: 10.1042/bst0391488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging of biological systems is a fundamental process controlled by a complex network of molecular pathways. In the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina, a model in which organismal aging can conveniently be analysed, mitochondria play a central role. A wide range of relevant pathways were identified that contribute to the maintenance of a population of functional mitochondria. These pathways act in a hierarchical manner, but all the pathways are limited in capacity. At the end of the life cycle, when the various surveillance pathways are overwhelmed and damage has passed certain thresholds, programmed cell death brings the life of individual P. anserina to an end.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Programmed Cell Death Induced by Acetic Acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MICROBIOLOGY MONOGRAPHS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-21467-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Scheckhuber CQ, Mack SJ, Strobel I, Ricciardi F, Gispert S, Osiewacz HD. Modulation of the glyoxalase system in the aging model Podospora anserina: effects on growth and lifespan. Aging (Albany NY) 2011; 2:969-80. [PMID: 21212464 PMCID: PMC3034185 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic glyoxalase system consists of two enzymatic components, glyoxalase I (lactoylglutathione lyase) and glyoxalase II (hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase). These enzymes are dedicated to the removal of toxic α-oxoaldehydes like methylglyoxal (MG). MG is formed as a by-product of glycolysis and MG toxicity results from its damaging capability leading to modifications of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. An efficient removal of MG appears to be essential to ensure cellular functionality and viability. Here we study the effects of the genetic modulation of genes encoding the components of the glyoxalase system in the filamentous ascomycete and aging model Podospora anserina. Overexpression of PaGlo1 leads to a lifespan reduction on glucose rich medium, probably due to depletion of reduced glutathione. Deletion of PaGlo1 leads to hypersensitivity against MG added to the growth medium. A beneficial effect on lifespan is observed when both PaGlo1 and PaGlo2 are overexpressed and the corresponding strains are grown on media containing increased glucose concentrations. Notably, the double mutant has a ‘healthy’ phenotype without physiological impairments. Moreover, PaGlo1/PaGlo2_OEx strains are not long-lived on media containing standard glucose concentrations suggesting a tight correlation between the efficiency and capacity to remove MG within the cell, the level of available glucose and lifespan. Overall, our results identify the up-regulation of both components of the glyoxalase system as an effective intervention to increase lifespan in P. anserina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Q Scheckhuber
- Faculty for Biosciences and Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Molecular Developmental Biology, Goethe University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Comparison of transcriptional and translational changes caused by long-term menadione exposure in Aspergillus nidulans. Fungal Genet Biol 2011; 48:92-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Brust D, Hamann A, Osiewacz HD. Deletion of PaAif2 and PaAmid2, two genes encoding mitochondrial AIF-like oxidoreductases of Podospora anserina, leads to increased stress tolerance and lifespan extension. Curr Genet 2010; 56:225-35. [PMID: 20306265 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-010-0295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wild-type strains of the ascomycete Podospora anserina are characterized by a limited lifespan. Mitochondria play a central role in this ageing process raising the question of whether apoptosis-like processes, which are also connected to mitochondrial function, are involved in the control of the final stage in the fungal life cycle. While a role of two metacaspases in apoptosis and lifespan control was recently demonstrated in P. anserina, virtually nothing is known about the function of the protein family of apoptosis-inducing factors (AIFs). Here we report data about proteins belonging to this family. We demonstrate that the cytosolic members PaAIF1 and PaAMID1 do not affect lifespan. In contrast, loss of PaAIF2 and PaAMID2, which both were localized to mitochondria, are characterized by a significantly increased ROS tolerance and a prolonged lifespan. In addition, deletion of PaAmid2 severely affects sporogenesis. These data identify components of a caspase-independent molecular pathway to be involved in developmental processes and in the induction of programmed cell death in the senescent stage of P. anserina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Brust
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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