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Barro L, Delila L, Nebie O, Wu YW, Knutson F, Watanabe N, Takahara M, Burnouf T. Removal of minute virus of mice-mock virus particles by nanofiltration of culture growth medium supplemented with 10% human platelet lysate. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:902-907. [PMID: 34238658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Platelet concentrates (PCs) are pooled to prepare human platelet lysate (HPL) supplements of growth media to expand primary human cells for transplantation; this increases the risk of contamination by known, emerging, and unknown viruses. This possibility should be of concern because viral contamination of cell cultures is difficult to detect and may have detrimental consequences for recipients of cell therapies. Viral reduction treatments of chemically defined growth media have been proposed, but they are not applicable when media contain protein supplements currently needed to expand primary cell cultures. Recently, we successfully developed a Planova 35NPlanova 20N nanofiltration sequence of growth media supplemented with two types of HPL. The nanofiltered medium was found to be suitable for mesenchymal Stromal cell (MSC) expansion. METHODS Herein, we report viral clearance achieved by this nanofiltration process used for assessing a new experimental model using non-infectious minute virus of mice-mock virus particle (MVM-MVP) and its quantification by an immunoqPCR. Then, high doses of MVM-MVP (1012 MVPs/mL) were spiked to obtain a final concentration of 1010 MVPs/mL in Planova 35N-nanofiltered growth medium supplemented with both types of HPLs [serum converted platelet lysate SCPL) and intercept human platelet lysate (I-HPL)] at 10% (v/v) and then filtering through Planova 20N. RESULTS No substantial interference of growth medium matrices by the immune-qPCR assay was first verified. Log reduction values (LRVs) were ≥ 5.43 and ≥ 5.36 respectively, SCPL and I-HPL media. MVM-MVPs were also undetectable by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS The nanofiltration of growth media supplemented with 10% HPL provides robust removal of small nonenveloped viruses, and is an option to improve the safety of therapeutic cells expanded using HPL supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lassina Barro
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liling Delila
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ouada Nebie
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Folke Knutson
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine IGP, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Thierry Burnouf
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Program in Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Gemmell DK, Mack A, Wegmann S, Han D, Tuccelli R, Johnson M, Miller C. Efficacy of minute virus of mice (MVM) inactivation utilizing high temperature short time (HTST) pasteurization and suitability assessment of pasteurized, concentrated glucose feeds in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell expression systems. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:502-513. [PMID: 34257631 PMCID: PMC8257999 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need to provide effective adventitious agent mitigation for high risk upstream cell culture raw materials used for the production of biologics. It is also highly important in the growing fields of cell and gene therapies. Glucose is a critical raw material necessary for effective cell growth and productivity; however, glucose is the highest risk animal-origin-free raw material for viral contamination, and often the highest risk raw material in the upstream process as more companies move to chemically defined media. This study examines the efficacy of utilizing High Temperature Short Time (HTST) pasteurization for inactivation of physiochemically resistant, worst-case parvovirus using a bench-scale HTST system. We demonstrated approximately six log inactivation of Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) in concentrated glucose feeds without impacting the subsequent performance of the glucose in a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Han
- MilliporeSigma/Merck Life ScienceGlasgowUK
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3
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Su J, Rice J, Hoffman J, Alvarado S, Bailey M, Kopp M, Murphy M, Kiss R, Barone PW, Wiebe ME, Springs SL, Dehghani H, Chen D. Revisiting mouse minute virus inactivation by high temperature short time treatment. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2967-2976. [PMID: 33913515 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, high temperature short time (HTST) treatment technology has been increasingly adopted for medium treatment to mitigate the potential risk of viral contamination in mammalian cell culture GMP manufacturing facilities. Mouse minute virus (MMV), also called minute virus of mice (MVM), implicated in multiple viral contamination events is commonly used as a relevant model virus to assess the effectiveness of HTST treatment of cell culture media. However, results from different studies vary broadly in inactivation kinetics as well as log reduction factors (LRFs) achieved under given treatment conditions. To determine whether the reported discrepancies stemmed from differences in MMV strains, laboratory-scale HTST devices, medium matrices, and/or experimental designs, we have taken a collaborative approach to systematically assess the effectiveness of HTST treatment for MMV inactivation. This effort was conceptualized based on a media treatment gap analysis conducted by the Consortium on Adventitious Agent Contamination in Biomanufacturing (CAACB) under the MIT Center for Biomedical Innovation (CBI). Specifically, two different MMV strains were used to evaluate the effectiveness of HTST at various treatment conditions with regard to exposure temperature and hold time duration by two independent laboratories within two different companies. To minimize experimental variations, the two sites used the same batches of MMV stocks, the same commercially purchased medium, and the same model of thermocyclers as the laboratory-scale HTST device. The two independent laboratories yielded similar MMV inactivation kinetics and comparable LRF. No significant differences were observed between the two MMV strains evaluated, suggesting that the variations from prior studies were likely due to differences in equipment, medium matrices, or other factors. The data presented here indicate that MMV inactivation by HTST treatment obeys first-order kinetics and can be mathematically modeled using an Arrhenius equation. The model-based extrapolation provides a quantitative estimate of MMV inactivation by the current industry standard HTST condition (102°C for a hold time of 10 s) used for medium treatment. Finally, based on the data from the current study and the industry experience, it is recommended that any alternative virus barrier technologies adopted for medium treatment should provide a clearance of at least 3.0 LRF based on a worst-case model virus to effectively mitigate potential risks of viral contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joleen Su
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jonathan Rice
- Biosafety Development Laboratory, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Jacob Hoffman
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shelley Alvarado
- Biosafety Development Laboratory, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Mark Bailey
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Martina Kopp
- Biosafety Development Laboratory, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Marie Murphy
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert Kiss
- Process and Analytical Development, Sutro Biopharma, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paul W Barone
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael E Wiebe
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stacy L Springs
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Houman Dehghani
- Operations Technology, Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dayue Chen
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Pharma Technical Development, Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
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4
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Mayrhofer P, Reinhart D, Castan A, Kunert R. Monitoring of heat- and light exposure of cell culture media by RAMAN spectroscopy: Towards an analytical tool for cell culture media quality control. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Djemal L, Fournier C, von Hagen J, Kolmar H, Deparis V. Review: High temperature short time treatment of cell culture media and feed solutions to mitigate adventitious viral contamination in the biopharmaceutical industry. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3117. [PMID: 33372404 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Events of viral contaminations occurring during the production of biopharmaceuticals have been publicly reported by the biopharmaceutical industry. Upstream raw materials were often identified as the potential source of contamination. Viral contamination risk can be mitigated by inactivating or eliminating potential viruses of cell culture media and feed solutions. Different methods can be used alone or in combination on raw materials, cell culture media, or feed solutions such as viral inactivation technologies consisting mainly of high temperature short time, ultraviolet irradiation, and gamma radiation technologies or such as viral removal technology for instance nanofiltration. The aim of this review is to present the principle, the advantages, and the challenges of high temperature short time (HTST) technology. Here, we reviewed effectiveness of HTST treatment and its impact on media (filterability of media, degradation of components), on process performance (cell growth, cell metabolism, productivity), and product quality based on knowledge shared in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Djemal
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Merck KGaA, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Clemence Fournier
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Merck KGaA, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
| | | | - Harald Kolmar
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Véronique Deparis
- Manufacturing Science and Technology, Merck KGaA, Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland
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6
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Graham RJ, Bhatia H, Yoon S. Consequences of trace metal variability and supplementation on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture performance: A review of key mechanisms and considerations. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:3446-3456. [PMID: 31403183 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trace metals are supplied to chemically-defined media (CDM) for optimal Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture performance during the production of monoclonal antibodies and other therapeutic proteins. However, lot-to-lot and vendor-to-vendor variability in raw materials consequently leads to an imbalance of trace metals that are supplied to CDM. This imbalance can yield detrimental effects rooted in several primary mechanisms and pathways including oxidative stress, apoptosis, lactate accumulation, and unfavorable glycan synthesis. Recent research endeavors involve supplying zinc, copper, and manganese to CDM in excess to further maximize culture productivity and product quality. These treatments significantly impact critical quality attributes and furthermore highlight the degree to which trace metal availability can affect CHO cell culture performance. This review highlights the role of trace metal variability, supplementation, and interplay on key cellular mechanisms responsible for overall culture performance and the production and quality of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Graham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Hemlata Bhatia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
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7
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Shiratori M, Kiss R. Risk Mitigation in Preventing Adventitious Agent Contamination of Mammalian Cell Cultures. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:75-93. [PMID: 29134459 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Industrial-scale mammalian cell culture processes have been contaminated by viruses during the culturing phase. Although the historical frequency of such events has been quite low, the impact of contamination can be significant for the manufacturing company and for the supply of the product to patients. This chapter discusses sources of adventitious agent contamination risk in a cell culture process, provides a semiquantitative assessment of such risks, and describes potential process barriers that can be used to reduce contamination risk. High-temperature, short-time (HTST) heat treatment is recommended as the process barrier of choice, when compatible with the process. A case study assessing the compatibility of HTST heat treatment with a cell culture medium is presented, and lessons learned are shared from our experiences over many years of developing and implementing virus barriers in mammalian cell culture processes. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Shiratori
- Genentech, Inc. (A Member of the Roche Group), San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Robert Kiss
- Genentech, Inc. (A Member of the Roche Group), San Francisco, CA, USA
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8
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Nguyen Dang A, Mun M, Rose CM, Ahyow P, Meier A, Sandoval W, Yuk IH. Interaction of cell culture process parameters for modulating mAb afucosylation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:831-845. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Mun
- Cell Culture, PTD, GenentechSouth San Francisco California
| | - Christopher M. Rose
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, gRED, GenentechSouth San Francisco California
| | - Patrick Ahyow
- Cell Culture, PTD, GenentechSouth San Francisco California
| | - Angela Meier
- Cell Culture, PTD, GenentechSouth San Francisco California
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, gRED, GenentechSouth San Francisco California
| | - Inn H. Yuk
- Cell Culture, PTD, GenentechSouth San Francisco California
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9
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Angart P, Kohnhorst C, Chiang MJ, Arden NS. Considerations for risk and control of mycoplasma in bioprocessing. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Ritacco FV, Wu Y, Khetan A. Cell culture media for recombinant protein expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells: History, key components, and optimization strategies. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1407-1426. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank V. Ritacco
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Pennington New Jersey United States
| | - Yongqi Wu
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Pennington New Jersey United States
| | - Anurag Khetan
- Biologics Process DevelopmentBristol‐Myers Squibb Pennington New Jersey United States
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11
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Floris P, Curtin S, Kaisermayer C, Lindeberg A, Bones J. Development of a versatile high-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization device for small-scale processing of cell culture medium formulations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5495-5504. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Roush DJ. Integrated viral clearance strategies-reflecting on the present, projecting to the future. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 53:137-143. [PMID: 29367164 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Viral clearance and inactivation are critical steps in ensuring the safety of biological products derived from mammalian cell culture and are a component of an adventitious agent control strategy which spans both upstream and downstream processes. Although these approaches have been sufficient to support the development of biologics to date, the empirical and semi-quantitative nature of the approach leaves some potential gaps. For example, the concept of performing a quantitative risk assessment for the downstream components of virus safety was introduced in ICH Q5A for XMuLV. An ideal future state would be to perform a similar quantitative risk assessment for a range of viruses based on an assessment of potential virus risk in both upstream and downstream processes. This assessment combined with an integrated control strategy (including monitoring) would be extremely beneficial in minimizing potential adventitious agent risks. Significant progress has been achieved towards this goal in the last several years including recent advances in quantification of virus sequences in cell banks (ADVTIG), development of truly modular or generic viral clearance claims for specific unit operations, enhanced controls of upstream media (HTST/nanofiltration) and the use of RVLP for in-process monitoring. The recent shift towards continuous processing has the potential to enhance the criticality of in-line monitoring and the complexity of viral clearance and inactivation (owing to a wide range of potential 'worst case' viral clearance scenarios). However, gaps exist in, firstly, the ability to quantify potential virus risk levels in process streams in real-time, secondly, mechanistic understanding of virus/chromatography media interactions, and thirdly, mechanistic understanding of virus/filter interactions. Some new technologies may also need to be developed to allow for real-time confirmation of virus inactivation and clearance to support process development (both batch and continuous) and assessment of the impact of process deviations during manufacturing. This review paper provides an overview of the current state of an overall integrated control strategy for upstream and downstream processing and highlights the investments that could be pursued to achieve the future state of a quantitative virus risk assessment for a range of viruses. One potential approach to address these gaps is the use of data mining from large, comprehensive and diverse data sets to establish heuristic rules for virus detection, clearance and inactivation followed by specific hypothesis-driven experiments for cases that fall outside of the normal paradigm. Once this approach reaches a mature state suitable for implementation, there is an opportunity to update regulatory guidance (e.g. ICH Q5A) accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Roush
- Merck & Co., Inc., Biologics and Vaccines, Downstream Process Development and Engineering Department, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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13
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Floris P, McGillicuddy N, Albrecht S, Morrissey B, Kaisermayer C, Lindeberg A, Bones J. Untargeted LC-MS/MS Profiling of Cell Culture Media Formulations for Evaluation of High Temperature Short Time Treatment Effects. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9953-9960. [PMID: 28823148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An untargeted LC-MS/MS platform was implemented for monitoring variations in CHO cell culture media upon exposure to high temperature short time (HTST) treatment, a commonly used viral clearance upstream strategy. Chemically defined (CD) and hydrolysate-supplemented media formulations were not visibly altered by the treatment. The absence of solute precipitation effects during media treatment and very modest shifts in pH values observed indicated sufficient compatibility of the formulations evaluated with the HTST-processing conditions. Unsupervised chemometric analysis of LC-MS/MS data, however, revealed clear separation of HTST-treated samples from untreated counterparts as observed from analysis of principal components and hierarchical clustering sample grouping. An increased presence of Maillard products in HTST-treated formulations contributed to the observed differences which included organic acids, observed particularly in chemically defined formulations, and furans, pyridines, pyrazines, and pyrrolidines which were determined in hydrolysate-supplemented formulations. The presence of Maillard products in media did not affect cell culture performance with similar growth and viability profiles observed for CHO-K1 and CHO-DP12 cells when cultured using both HTST-treated and untreated media formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Floris
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Nicola McGillicuddy
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Simone Albrecht
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Brian Morrissey
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Christian Kaisermayer
- Biomarin International Limited , Shanbally, Ringaskiddy, Co. Cork, P43 R298, Ireland
| | - Anna Lindeberg
- Biomarin International Limited , Shanbally, Ringaskiddy, Co. Cork, P43 R298, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland.,School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1 W8, Ireland
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14
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Yen S, Sokolenko S, Manocha B, Patras A, Daynouri‐Pancino F, Blondeel EJ, Sasges M, Aucoin MG. Treating cell culture media with UV irradiation against adventitious agents: Minimal impact on CHO performance. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:1190-5. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandi Yen
- Waterloo Inst. for Nanotechnology, Dept. of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterloo ON CanadaN2L3G1
| | - Stanislav Sokolenko
- Waterloo Inst. for Nanotechnology, Dept. of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterloo ON CanadaN2L3G1
| | - Bhavik Manocha
- Waterloo Inst. for Nanotechnology, Dept. of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterloo ON CanadaN2L3G1
| | | | | | - Eric J.M. Blondeel
- Waterloo Inst. for Nanotechnology, Dept. of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterloo ON CanadaN2L3G1
| | | | - Marc G. Aucoin
- Waterloo Inst. for Nanotechnology, Dept. of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterloo ON CanadaN2L3G1
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