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Cao L, Zhu Z, Qin H, Xia Z, Xie J, Li X, Rang J, Hu S, Sun Y, Xia L. Effects of a Pirin-like protein on strain growth and spinosad biosynthesis in Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5439-5451. [PMID: 37428187 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Pirin family proteins perform a variety of biological functions and widely exist in all living organisms. A few studies have shown that Pirin family proteins may be involved in the biosynthesis of antibiotics in actinomycetes. However, the function of Pirin-like proteins in S. spinosa is still unclear. In this study, the inactivation of the sspirin gene led to serious growth defects and the accumulation of H2O2. Surprisingly, the overexpression and knockout of sspirin slightly accelerated the consumption and utilization of glucose, weakened the TCA cycle, delayed sporulation, and enhanced sporulation in the later stage. In addition, the overexpression of sspirin can enhance the β-oxidation pathway and increase the yield of spinosad by 0.88 times, while the inactivation of sspirin hardly produced spinosad. After adding MnCl2, the spinosad yield of the sspirin overexpression strain was further increased to 2.5 times that of the wild-type strain. This study preliminarily revealed the effects of Pirin-like proteins on the growth development and metabolism of S. spinosa and further expanded knowledge of Pirin-like proteins in actinomycetes. KEY POINTS: • Overexpression of the sspirin gene possibly triggers carbon catabolite repression (CCR) • Overexpression of the sspirin gene can promote the synthesis of spinosad • Knockout of the sspirin gene leads to serious growth and spinosad production defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Zirong Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Ziyuan Xia
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Rang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Shengbiao Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yunjun Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Liqiu Xia
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
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Ruiz‐Villafán B, Cruz‐Bautista R, Manzo‐Ruiz M, Passari AK, Villarreal‐Gómez K, Rodríguez‐Sanoja R, Sánchez S. Carbon catabolite regulation of secondary metabolite formation, an old but not well-established regulatory system. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:1058-1072. [PMID: 33675560 PMCID: PMC8966007 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary microbial metabolites have various functions for the producer microorganisms, which allow them to interact and survive in adverse environments. In addition to these functions, other biological activities may have clinical relevance, as diverse as antimicrobial, anticancer and hypocholesterolaemic effects. These metabolites are usually formed during the idiophase of growth and have a wide diversity in their chemical structures. Their synthesis is under the impact of the type and concentration of the culture media nutrients. Some of the molecular mechanisms that affect the synthesis of secondary metabolites in bacteria (Gram-positive and negative) and fungi are partially known. Moreover, all microorganisms have their peculiarities in the control mechanisms of carbon sources, even those belonging to the same genus. This regulatory knowledge is necessary to establish culture conditions and manipulation methods for genetic improvement and product fermentation. As the carbon source is one of the essential nutritional factors for antibiotic production, its study has been imperative both at the industrial and research levels. This review aims to draw the utmost recent advances performed to clarify the molecular mechanisms of the negative effect exerted by the carbon source on the secondary metabolite formation, emphasizing those found in Streptomyces, one of the genera most profitable antibiotic producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ruiz‐Villafán
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad UniversitariaCdMxMéxico City04510México
| | - Rodrigo Cruz‐Bautista
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad UniversitariaCdMxMéxico City04510México
| | - Monserrat Manzo‐Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad UniversitariaCdMxMéxico City04510México
| | - Ajit Kumar Passari
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad UniversitariaCdMxMéxico City04510México
| | - Karen Villarreal‐Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad UniversitariaCdMxMéxico City04510México
| | - Romina Rodríguez‐Sanoja
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad UniversitariaCdMxMéxico City04510México
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad UniversitariaCdMxMéxico City04510México
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Diana RM, Monserrat MR, Alba RR, Beatriz RV, Romina RS, Sergio SE. Dissecting the role of the two Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius glucokinases in the sensitivity to carbon catabolite repression. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6349106. [PMID: 34383077 PMCID: PMC8788730 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius, the doxorubicin-producing strain, has two glucokinases (Glk) for glucose phosphorylation. One of them (ATP-Glk) uses adenosine triphosphate as its phosphate source, and the other one uses polyphosphate (PP). Glk regulates the carbon catabolite repression (CCR) process, as well as glucose utilization. However, in the streptomycetes, the specific role of each one of the Glks in these processes is unknown. With the use of PP- and ATP-Glk null mutants, we aimed to establish their respective role in glucose metabolism and their possible implication in the CCR. Our results supported that in S. peucetius var. caesius, both Glks allowed this strain to grow in different glucose concentrations. PP-Glk seems to be the main enzyme for glucose metabolism, and ATP-Glk is the only one involved in the CCR process affecting the levels of α-amylase and anthracycline production. Besides, analysis of Glk activities in the parental strain and the mutants revealed ATP-Glk as an enzyme negatively affected by high glucose concentrations. Although ATP-Glk utilizes only ATP as the substrate for glucose phosphorylation, probably PP-Glk can use either ATP or polyphosphate. Finally, a possible connection between both Glks may exist from the regulatory point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocha-Mendoza Diana
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México, CDMX, 04510. México
| | - Manzo-Ruiz Monserrat
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México, CDMX, 04510. México
| | - Romero-Rodríguez Alba
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México, CDMX, 04510. México
| | - Ruiz-Villafán Beatriz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México, CDMX, 04510. México
| | - Rodríguez-Sanoja Romina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México, CDMX, 04510. México
| | - Sánchez-Esquivel Sergio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México, CDMX, 04510. México
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Thuan NH, Dhakal D, Pokhrel AR, Chu LL, Van Pham TT, Shrestha A, Sohng JK. Genome-guided exploration of metabolic features of Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952: past, current, and prospect. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4355-4370. [PMID: 29602983 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952 produces two major anthracyclines, doxorubicin (DXR) and daunorubicin (DNR), which are potent chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of several cancers. In order to gain detailed insight on genetics and biochemistry of the strain, the complete genome was determined and analyzed. The result showed that its complete sequence contains 7187 protein coding genes in a total of 8,023,114 bp, whereas 87% of the genome contributed to the protein coding region. The genomic sequence included 18 rRNA, 66 tRNAs, and 3 non-coding RNAs. In silico studies predicted ~ 68 biosynthetic gene clusters (BCGs) encoding diverse classes of secondary metabolites, including non-ribosomal polyketide synthase (NRPS), polyketide synthase (PKS I, II, and III), terpenes, and others. Detailed analysis of the genome sequence revealed versatile biocatalytic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 (CYP), electron transfer systems (ETS) genes, methyltransferase (MT), glycosyltransferase (GT). In addition, numerous functional genes (transporter gene, SOD, etc.) and regulatory genes (afsR-sp, metK-sp, etc.) involved in the regulation of secondary metabolites were found. This minireview summarizes the genome-based genome mining (GM) of diverse BCGs and genome exploration (GE) of versatile biocatalytic enzymes, and other enzymes involved in maintenance and regulation of metabolism of S. peucetius. The detailed analysis of genome sequence provides critically important knowledge useful in the bioengineering of the strain or harboring catalytically efficient enzymes for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Thuan
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung Street, Da Nang City, Vietnam
| | - Dipesh Dhakal
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Anaya Raj Pokhrel
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Luan Luong Chu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Thuy Van Pham
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Anil Shrestha
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea.
- Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea.
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Rocha D, Ruiz-Villafán B, Manzo M, Rodríguez-Sanoja R, Sánchez S. Development of an efficient conjugal DNA transfer system between Escherichia coli and a non-sporulating Streptomyces strain. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 144:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Romero-Rodríguez A, Ruiz-Villafán B, Tierrafría VH, Rodríguez-Sanoja R, Sánchez S. Carbon Catabolite Regulation of Secondary Metabolite Formation and Morphological Differentiation in Streptomyces coelicolor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:1152-1166. [PMID: 27372741 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the genus Streptomyces, carbon utilization is of significant importance for the expression of genes involved in morphological differentiation and antibiotic production. However, there is little information about the mechanism involved in these effects. In the present work, it was found that glucose exerted a suppressive effect on the Streptomyces coelicolor actinorhodin (Act) and undecylprodigiosin (Red) production, as well as in its morphological differentiation. Accordingly, using a high-density microarray approach in S. coelicolor grown under glucose repression, at early growth stages, a negative effect was exerted on the transcription of genes involved in Act and Red production, when compared with non-repressive conditions. Seven genes of Act and at least ten genes of Red production were down-regulated by glucose. Stronger repression was observed on the initial steps of antibiotics formation. On the contrary, the coelimycin P1 cluster was up-regulated by glucose. Regarding differentiation, no sporulation was observed in the presence of glucose and expression of a set of genes of the bld cascade was repressed as well as chaplins and rodlins genes. Finally, a series of transcriptional regulators involved in both processes were up- or down-regulated by glucose. This is the first global transcriptomic approach performed to understand the molecular basis of the glucose effect on the synthesis of secondary metabolism and differentiation in the genus Streptomyces. The results of this study are opening new avenues for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romero-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Cd. de Mexico, Mexico
| | - B Ruiz-Villafán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Cd. de Mexico, Mexico
| | - V H Tierrafría
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Cd. de Mexico, Mexico
| | - R Rodríguez-Sanoja
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Cd. de Mexico, Mexico
| | - S Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Cd. de Mexico, Mexico.
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Romero-Rodríguez A, Rocha D, Ruiz-Villafan B, Tierrafría V, Rodríguez-Sanoja R, Segura-González D, Sánchez S. Transcriptomic analysis of a classical model of carbon catabolite regulation in Streptomyces coelicolor. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:77. [PMID: 27121083 PMCID: PMC4848846 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the genus Streptomyces, one of the most remarkable control mechanisms of physiological processes is carbon catabolite repression (CCR). This mechanism regulates the expression of genes involved in the uptake and utilization of alternative carbon sources. CCR also affects the synthesis of secondary metabolites and morphological differentiation. Even when the outcome effect of CCR in different bacteria is the same, their essential mechanisms can be quite different. In several streptomycetes glucose kinase (Glk) represents the main glucose phosphorylating enzyme and has been regarded as a regulatory protein in CCR. To evaluate the paradigmatic model proposed for CCR in Streptomyces, a high-density microarray approach was applied to Streptomyces coelicolor M145, under repressed and non-repressed conditions. The transcriptomic study was extended to assess the ScGlk role in this model by comparing the transcriptomic profile of S. coelicolor M145 with that of a ∆glk mutant derived from the wild-type strain, complemented with a heterologous glk gene from Zymomonas mobilis (Zmglk), insensitive to CCR but able to grow in glucose (ScoZm strain). RESULTS Microarray experiments revealed that glucose influenced the expression of 651 genes. Interestingly, even when the ScGlk protein does not have DNA binding domains and the glycolytic flux was restored by a heterologous glucokinase, the ScGlk replacement modified the expression of 134 genes. From these, 91 were also affected by glucose while 43 appeared to be under the control of ScGlk. This work identified the expression of S. coelicolor genes involved in primary metabolism that were influenced by glucose and/or ScGlk. Aside from describing the metabolic pathways influenced by glucose and/or ScGlk, several unexplored transcriptional regulators involved in the CCR mechanism were disclosed. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptome of a classical model of CCR was studied in S. coelicolor to differentiate between the effects due to glucose or ScGlk in this regulatory mechanism. Glucose elicited important metabolic and transcriptional changes in this microorganism. While its entry and flow through glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway were stimulated, the gluconeogenesis was inhibited. Glucose also triggered the CCR by repressing transporter systems and the transcription of enzymes required for secondary carbon sources utilization. Our results confirm and update the agar model of the CCR in Streptomyces and its dependence on the ScGlk per se. Surprisingly, the expected regulatory function of ScGlk was not found to be as global as thought before (only 43 out of 779 genes were affected), although may be accompanied or coordinated by other transcriptional regulators. Aside from describing the metabolic pathways influenced by glucose and/or ScGlk, several unexplored transcriptional regulators involved in the CCR mechanism were disclosed. These findings offer new opportunities to study and understand the CCR in S. coelicolor by increasing the number of known glucose and ScGlk -regulated pathways and a new set of putative regulatory proteins possibly involved or controlling the CCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Romero-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico
| | - Diana Rocha
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Ruiz-Villafan
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico
| | - Víctor Tierrafría
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico
| | - Romina Rodríguez-Sanoja
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico
| | - Daniel Segura-González
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ave. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62210, Mexico
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico.
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Yano T, Funamizu Y, Yoshida N. Intracellular accumulation of trehalose and glycogen in an extreme oligotroph, Rhodococcus erythropolis N9T-4. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:610-3. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1107467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An extreme oligotroph, Rhodococcus erythropolis N9T-4, showed intracellular accumulation of trehalose and glycogen under oligotrophic conditions. No trehalose accumulation was observed in cells grown on the rich medium. Deletion of the polyphosphate kinase genes enhanced the trehalose accumulation and decreases the intracellular glycogen contents, suggesting an oligotrophic relationship between among the metabolic pathways of trehalose, glycogen, and inorganic polyphosphate biosyntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Yano
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuhei Funamizu
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yoshida
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Biochemistry and regulatory functions of bacterial glucose kinases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 577-578:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Functional Analysis of the GlcP Promoter in Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3207-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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