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Cell-based drug delivery systems and their in vivo fate. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114394. [PMID: 35718252 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) have received attention recently because of their unique biological properties and self-powered functions, such as excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, long circulation time, tissue-homingcharacteristics, and ability to cross biological barriers. A variety of cells, including erythrocytes, stem cells, and lymphocytes, have been explored as functional vectors for the loading and delivery of various therapeutic payloads (e.g., small-molecule and nucleic acid drugs) for subsequent disease treatment. These cell-based DDSs have their own unique in vivo fates, which are attributed to various factors, including their biological properties and functions, the loaded drugs and loading process, physiological and pathological circumstances, and the body's response to these carrier cells, which result in differences in drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic effect. In this review, we summarize the main cell-based DDSs and their biological properties and functions, applications in drug delivery and disease treatment, and in vivo fate and influencing factors. We envision that the unique biological properties, combined with continuing research, will enable development of cell-based DDSs as friendly drug vectors for the safe, effective, and even personalized treatment of diseases.
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Rbia N, Bulstra LF, Thaler R, Hovius SER, van Wijnen AJ, Shin AY. In Vivo Survival of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Enhanced Decellularized Nerve Grafts for Segmental Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction. J Hand Surg Am 2019; 44:514.e1-514.e11. [PMID: 30301645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as promising tools for peripheral nerve reconstruction. There is a paucity of information regarding the ultimate survivorship of implanted MSCs or whether these cells remain where they are placed. The aim of the present study was to track the in vivo distribution and survival of MSCs seeded on a decellularized nerve allograft reconstruction of a peripheral nerve defect using luciferase-based bioluminescence imaging (BLI). METHODS To determine the in vivo survivability of MSCs, autologous Lewis rat MSCs were stably labeled with luciferase by lentiviral particles. Labeled cells were dynamically seeded onto a Sprague Dawley decellularized rat nerve allograft and used to bridge a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect. The MSC survival was determined by performing in vivo BLI to detect living cells. Twelve animals were examined at 24 hours after implantation, 3, 7, 9, 11, and 14 days, and at daily intervals thereafter if signals were still present. RESULTS Labeled MSCs could be detected for up to 29 days. Gradually diminishing BLI signals were observed within the first week following implantation. Implanted MSCs were not detected anywhere other than the site of surgery. CONCLUSIONS The MSCs seeded on decellularized nerve allografts can survive in vivo but have finite survival after implantation. There was no evidence of migration of MSCs to surrounding tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings support a therapeutic approach that combines MSCs with a biological scaffold for peripheral nerve surgery. It provides understanding of the viability and distribution of implanted MSCs, which is a prerequisite before clinical translation can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rbia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liselotte F Bulstra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Steven E R Hovius
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Oliveira JM, Carvalho L, Silva-Correia J, Vieira S, Majchrzak M, Lukomska B, Stanaszek L, Strymecka P, Malysz-Cymborska I, Golubczyk D, Kalkowski L, Reis RL, Janowski M, Walczak P. Hydrogel-based scaffolds to support intrathecal stem cell transplantation as a gateway to the spinal cord: clinical needs, biomaterials, and imaging technologies. NPJ Regen Med 2018; 3:8. [PMID: 29644098 PMCID: PMC5884770 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-018-0046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prospects for cell replacement in spinal cord diseases are impeded by inefficient stem cell delivery. The deep location of the spinal cord and complex surgical access, as well as densely packed vital structures, question the feasibility of the widespread use of multiple spinal cord punctures to inject stem cells. Disorders characterized by disseminated pathology are particularly appealing for the distribution of cells globally throughout the spinal cord in a minimally invasive fashion. The intrathecal space, with access to a relatively large surface area along the spinal cord, is an attractive route for global stem cell delivery, and, indeed, is highly promising, but the success of this approach relies on the ability of cells (1) to survive in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), (2) to adhere to the spinal cord surface, and (3) to migrate, ultimately, into the parenchyma. Intrathecal infusion of cell suspension, however, has been insufficient and we postulate that embedding transplanted cells within hydrogel scaffolds will facilitate reaching these goals. In this review, we focus on practical considerations that render the intrathecal approach clinically viable, and then discuss the characteristics of various biomaterials that are suitable to serve as scaffolds. We also propose strategies to modulate the local microenvironment with nanoparticle carriers to improve the functionality of cellular grafts. Finally, we provide an overview of imaging modalities for in vivo monitoring and characterization of biomaterials and stem cells. This comprehensive review should serve as a guide for those planning preclinical and clinical studies on intrathecal stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Miguel Oliveira
- 3B´s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães Portugal
| | - Luisa Carvalho
- 3B´s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva-Correia
- 3B´s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Vieira
- 3B´s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Malgorzata Majchrzak
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luiza Stanaszek
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Strymecka
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Malysz-Cymborska
- 0000 0001 2149 6795grid.412607.6Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dominika Golubczyk
- 0000 0001 2149 6795grid.412607.6Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kalkowski
- 0000 0001 2149 6795grid.412607.6Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B´s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal ,0000 0001 2159 175Xgrid.10328.38The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães Portugal
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- 0000 0001 1958 0162grid.413454.3NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland ,0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Russel H, Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- 0000 0001 2149 6795grid.412607.6Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland ,0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Russel H, Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA ,0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
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Yang JJ, Liu ZQ, Zhang JM, Wang HB, Hu SY, Liu JF, Wang CY, Chen YD. Real-time tracking of adipose tissue-derived stem cells with injectable scaffolds in the infarcted heart. Heart Vessels 2013; 28:385-96. [PMID: 22940832 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-012-0275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) has shown promise in the emerging field of regenerative medicine. Many studies have highlighted the importance of coadministering a "scaffold" for increasing intramyocardial retention of stem cells. In this work, an optimized method was developed for efficient transduction of ADSCs with a lentiviral vector carrying a triple-fusion reporter gene that consists of firefly luciferase, monomeric red fluorescence protein, and truncated thymidine kinase (fluc-mrfp-ttk). The transduced ADSCs were assessed on biological performance and transplanted into infarcted heart with fibrin scaffolds. In vivo cell retention was tracked by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and micro positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. Histological assessment was performed for regeneration potentials. The results showed that lentiviral transduction did not influence cell functions. In vitro imaging analysis showed a robust linear correlation between cell numbers and BLI signals (R (2) = 0.99) as well as between cell numbers and radiotracer uptakes (R (2) = 0.98). Transduced ADSCs were visualized in the heart under both BLI and PET/CT imaging, contributing to cardiomyocyte regeneration and angiogenesis in the implanted areas. Compared with BLI monitoring, PET/CT data provided precise localization for cell retention. Thus, a combination of imaging modalities can assist in reliable and efficient monitoring of transplanted cells, holding great potential for the transplantation of injectable scaffolds encapsulating stem cells in treating heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-jie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
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Mukherjee A, Tipnis S, Sarma HD, Ravindran G, Samuel G, Viswanathan C, Venkatesh M. Radiolabeling of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells for in vivo tracking. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:614-9. [PMID: 23046460 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2011.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive methods for the assessment of distribution, homing, and retention of stem cells are desired for the successful demonstration of stem cell therapy. Cells labeled with (99m)Tc, (18)F, and (111)In have been reported for tracking the cells in vivo. However, they can be tracked only for a limited time due to the short half lives of these isotopes. In this context, stem cells labeled with (51)Cr would be appropriate for tracking cells for a longer period of time owing to their half life of 27.7 days. Here, we have isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from umbilical cord tissue, characterized them, and attempted to radiolabel them with (51)Cr for mapping the fate of transplanted MSC cells after an intravenous injection via the tail vein in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Mukherjee
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Patel GS, Kiuchi T, Lawler K, Ofo E, Fruhwirth GO, Kelleher M, Shamil E, Zhang R, Selvin PR, Santis G, Spicer J, Woodman N, Gillett CE, Barber PR, Vojnovic B, Kéri G, Schaeffter T, Goh V, O'Doherty MJ, Ellis PA, Ng T. The challenges of integrating molecular imaging into the optimization of cancer therapy. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:603-31. [PMID: 21541433 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00131g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We review novel, in vivo and tissue-based imaging technologies that monitor and optimize cancer therapeutics. Recent advances in cancer treatment centre around the development of targeted therapies and personalisation of treatment regimes to individual tumour characteristics. However, clinical outcomes have not improved as expected. Further development of the use of molecular imaging to predict or assess treatment response must address spatial heterogeneity of cancer within the body. A combination of different imaging modalities should be used to relate the effect of the drug to dosing regimen or effective drug concentration at the local site of action. Molecular imaging provides a functional and dynamic read-out of cancer therapeutics, from nanometre to whole body scale. At the whole body scale, an increase in the sensitivity and specificity of the imaging probe is required to localise (micro)metastatic foci and/or residual disease that are currently below the limit of detection. The use of image-guided endoscopic biopsy can produce tumour cells or tissues for nanoscopic analysis in a relatively patient-compliant manner, thereby linking clinical imaging to a more precise assessment of molecular mechanisms. This multimodality imaging approach (in combination with genetics/genomic information) could be used to bridge the gap between our knowledge of mechanisms underlying the processes of metastasis, tumour dormancy and routine clinical practice. Treatment regimes could therefore be individually tailored both at diagnosis and throughout treatment, through monitoring of drug pharmacodynamics providing an early read-out of response or resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Patel
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division & Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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