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van den Bulk J, Verdegaal EM, van der Ploeg M, Visser M, Nunes JB, de Ru AH, Tjokrodirijo RT, Ijsselsteijn ME, Janssen NI, van der Breggen R, de Bruin L, de Kok P, Janssen GM, Ruano D, Kapiteijn EH, van Veelen PA, de Miranda NF, van der Burg SH. Neoantigen Targetability in Progressive Advanced Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4278-4288. [PMID: 37540567 PMCID: PMC10570682 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The availability of (neo)antigens and the infiltration of tumors by (neo)antigen-specific T cells are crucial factors in cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the targetability of (neo)antigens in advanced progessive melanoma and explore the potential for continued T-cell-based immunotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined a cohort of eight patients with melanoma who had sequential metastases resected at early and later time points. Antigen-presenting capacity was assessed using IHC and flow cytometry. T-cell infiltration was quantified through multiplex immunofluorescence. Whole-exome and RNA sequencing were conducted to identify neoantigens and assess the expression of neoantigens and tumor-associated antigens. Mass spectrometry was used to evaluate antigen presentation. Tumor recognition by autologous T cells was assessed by coculture assays with cell lines derived from the metastatic lesions. RESULTS We observed similar T-cell infiltration in paired early and later metastatic (LM) lesions. Although elements of the antigen-presenting machinery were affected in some LM lesions, both the early and later metastasis-derived cell lines were recognized by autologous T cells. At the genomic level, the (neo)antigen landscape was dynamic, but the (neo)antigen load was stable between paired lesions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that subsequently isolated tumors from patients with late-stage melanoma retain sufficient antigen-presenting capacity, T-cell infiltration, and a stable (neo)antigen load, allowing recognition of tumor cells by T cells. This indicates a continuous availability of T-cell targets in metastases occurring at different time points and supports further exploration of (neo)antigen-specific T-cell-based therapeutic approaches for advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitske van den Bulk
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Els M.E. Verdegaal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Manon van der Ploeg
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marten Visser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joana B. Nunes
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H. de Ru
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rayman T.N. Tjokrodirijo
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Natasja I. Janssen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud van der Breggen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Linda de Bruin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pita de Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - George M.C. Janssen
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dina Ruano
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen H.W. Kapiteijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A. van Veelen
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sjoerd H. van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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van den Bulk J, Verdegaal EME, Ruano D, Ijsselsteijn ME, Visser M, van der Breggen R, Duhen T, van der Ploeg M, de Vries NL, Oosting J, Peeters KCMJ, Weinberg AD, Farina-Sarasqueta A, van der Burg SH, de Miranda NFCC. Neoantigen-specific immunity in low mutation burden colorectal cancers of the consensus molecular subtype 4. Genome Med 2019; 11:87. [PMID: 31888734 PMCID: PMC6938004 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-019-0697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of checkpoint blockade immunotherapies in colorectal cancer is currently restricted to a minority of patients diagnosed with mismatch repair-deficient tumors having high mutation burden. However, this observation does not exclude the existence of neoantigen-specific T cells in colorectal cancers with low mutation burden and the exploitation of their anti-cancer potential for immunotherapy. Therefore, we investigated whether autologous neoantigen-specific T cell responses could also be observed in patients diagnosed with mismatch repair-proficient colorectal cancers. Methods Whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing were performed on cancer and normal tissues from seven colorectal cancer patients diagnosed with mismatch repair-proficient tumors to detect putative neoantigens. Corresponding neo-epitopes were synthesized and tested for recognition by in vitro expanded T cells that were isolated from tumor tissues (tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) and from peripheral mononuclear blood cells stimulated with tumor material. Results Neoantigen-specific T cell reactivity was detected to several neo-epitopes in the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of three patients while their respective cancers expressed 15, 21, and 30 non-synonymous variants. Cell sorting of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes based on the co-expression of CD39 and CD103 pinpointed the presence of neoantigen-specific T cells in the CD39+CD103+ T cell subset. Strikingly, the tumors containing neoantigen-reactive TIL were classified as consensus molecular subtype 4 (CMS4), which is associated with TGF-β pathway activation and worse clinical outcome. Conclusions We have detected neoantigen-targeted reactivity by autologous T cells in mismatch repair-proficient colorectal cancers of the CMS4 subtype. These findings warrant the development of specific immunotherapeutic strategies that selectively boost the activity of neoantigen-specific T cells and target the TGF-β pathway to reinforce T cell reactivity in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dina Ruano
- Pathology, LUMC, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marten Visser
- Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Jan Oosting
- Pathology, LUMC, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Infiltration of CD8 + T cells into tumor cell clusters in triple-negative breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3678-3687. [PMID: 30733298 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1817652116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltration of [Formula: see text] T lymphocytes into solid tumors is associated with good prognosis in various types of cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the mechanisms underlying different infiltration levels are largely unknown. Here, we have characterized the spatial profile of [Formula: see text] T cells around tumor cell clusters (tightly connected tumor cells) in the core and margin regions in TNBC patient samples. We found that in some patients, the [Formula: see text] T cell density first decreases when moving in from the boundary of the tumor cell clusters and then rises again when approaching the center. To explain various infiltration profiles, we modeled the dynamics of T cell density via partial differential equations. We spatially modulated the diffusion/chemotactic coefficients of T cells (to mimic physical barriers) or introduced the localized secretion of a diffusing T cell chemorepellent. Combining the spatial-profile analysis and the modeling led to support for the second idea; i.e., there exists a possible chemorepellent inside tumor cell clusters, which prevents [Formula: see text] T cells from infiltrating into tumor cell clusters. This conclusion was consistent with an investigation into the properties of collagen fibers which suggested that variations in desmoplastic elements does not limit infiltration of [Formula: see text] T lymphocytes, as we did not observe significant correlations between the level of T cell infiltration and fiber properties. Our work provides evidence that [Formula: see text] T cells can cross typical fibrotic barriers and thus their infiltration into tumor clusters is governed by other mechanisms possibly involving a local repellent.
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Chen J, He Q, Liu J, Xiao Y, Xiao C, Chen K, Xie D, Zhang X. CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as a novel prognostic biomarker in lung sarcomatoid carcinoma, a rare subtype of lung cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3505-3511. [PMID: 30271199 PMCID: PMC6145683 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s169074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of infiltration of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) including high and low density in lung sarcomatoid carcinoma (LSC) and their clinicopathological significance. Patients and methods The density of CD8+ TILs in paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 100 LSC patients was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the relationship of CD8+ TILs with clinicopathological features and prognosis was analyzed. Results The chi-squared test showed that the degree of infiltration of CD8+ TILs was significantly correlated with the clinicopathological stage and T stage of LSC (P<0.05). The univariate analysis demonstrated that tumor size, clinicopathological stage, T stage, N stage, M stage, and CD8+ TILs are risk factors that affect prognosis of the patients (P<0.05). The mean overall survival (OS) of LSC patients with a high density of CD8+ TILs was 92.3 months, which was significantly higher than 31.2 months in patients with a low density of CD8+ TILs (P<0.05). Cox regression multivariate analysis confirmed that the density of CD8+ TILs was an independent prognostic factor for OS time of LSC patients (hazard ratio=0.455, P<0.05). Conclusion CD8+ TILs could be used as an effective prognostic index for LSC patients, and a high density of CD8+ TILs in tumor tissue may predict a better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China, ; .,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Qingmei He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China, ; .,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yongbo Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Canhua Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511581, People's Republic of China
| | - Keming Chen
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Dan Xie
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China, ; .,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China, ; .,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China, ;
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Lim SL, Goh YM, Noordin MM, Rahman HS, Othman HH, Abu Bakar NA, Mohamed S. Morinda citrifolia edible leaf extract enhanced immune response against lung cancer. Food Funct 2016; 7:741-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the search for functional foods as complementary therapies against lung cancer, the immuno-stimulatory properties of the vegetable Morinda citrifolia leaves were investigated and compared with the anti-cancer drug erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee-Ling Lim
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory
- Institute of Bioscience
- University Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | - Yong-Meng Goh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | | | - Heshu S. Rahman
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory
- Institute of Bioscience
- University Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | - Hemn H. Othman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | - Nurul Ain Abu Bakar
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory
- Institute of Bioscience
- University Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
| | - Suhaila Mohamed
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory
- Institute of Bioscience
- University Putra Malaysia
- Selangor
- Malaysia
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Blessing or curse? Proteomics in granzyme research. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:351-81. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Peranzoni E, Rivas-Caicedo A, Bougherara H, Salmon H, Donnadieu E. Positive and negative influence of the matrix architecture on antitumor immune surveillance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4431-48. [PMID: 23649148 PMCID: PMC11113382 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The migration of T cells and access to tumor antigens is of utmost importance for the induction of protective anti-tumor immunity. Once having entered a malignant site, T cells encounter a complex environment composed of non-tumor cells along with the extracellular matrix (ECM). It is now well accepted that a deregulated ECM favors tumor progression and metastasis. Recent progress in imaging technologies has also highlighted the impact of the matrix architecture found in solid tumor on immune cells and especially T cells. In this review, we argue that the ability of T cells to mount an antitumor response is dependent on the matrix structure, more precisely on the balance between pro-migratory reticular fiber networks and unfavorable migration zones composed of dense and aligned ECM structures. Thus, the matrix architecture, that has long been considered to merely provide the structural framework of connective tissues, can play a key role in facilitating or suppressing the antitumor immune surveillance. A new challenge in cancer therapy will be to develop approaches aimed at altering the architecture of the tumor stroma, rendering it more permissive to antitumor T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Peranzoni
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Ana Rivas-Caicedo
- Alta Tecnología en Laboratorios SA de CV, Comoporis #45, El Caracol, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Houcine Bougherara
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Hélène Salmon
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Cnrs UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
- Département d’Immunologie et d’Hématologie, Institut Cochin, 22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
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Neumann A, Hörzer H, Hillen N, Klingel K, Schmid-Horch B, Bühring HJ, Rammensee HG, Aebert H, Stevanović S. Identification of HLA ligands and T-cell epitopes for immunotherapy of lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:1485-97. [PMID: 23817722 PMCID: PMC11028602 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. Every year, as many people die of lung cancer as of breast, colon and rectum cancers combined. Because most patients are being diagnosed in advanced, not resectable stages and therefore have a poor prognosis, there is an urgent need for alternative therapies. Since it has been demonstrated that a high number of tumor- and stromal-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) is associated with an increased disease-specific survival in lung cancer patients, it can be assumed that immunotherapy, e.g. peptide vaccines that are able to induce a CTL response against the tumor, might be a promising approach. METHODS We analyzed surgically resected lung cancer tissues with respect to HLA class I- and II-presented peptides and gene expression profiles, aiming at the identification of (novel) tumor antigens. In addition, we tested the ability of HLA ligands derived from such antigens to generate a CTL response in healthy donors. RESULTS Among 170 HLA ligands characterized, we were able to identify several potential targets for specific CTL recognition and to generate CD8+ T cells which were specific for peptides derived from cyclin D1 or protein-kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic polypeptide and lysed tumor cells loaded with peptide. CONCLUSIONS This is the first molecular analysis of HLA class I and II ligands ex vivo from human lung cancer tissues which reveals known and novel tumor antigens able to elicit a CTL response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Neumann
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Helen Hörzer
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Nina Hillen
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmid-Horch
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Bühring
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Immunology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Hermann Aebert
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
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Salmon H, Franciszkiewicz K, Damotte D, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Validire P, Trautmann A, Mami-Chouaib F, Donnadieu E. Matrix architecture defines the preferential localization and migration of T cells into the stroma of human lung tumors. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:899-910. [PMID: 22293174 DOI: 10.1172/jci45817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 695] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate localization and migration of T cells is a prerequisite for antitumor immune surveillance. Studies using fixed tumor samples from human patients have shown that T cells accumulate more efficiently in the stroma than in tumor islets, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown. By combining immunostaining and real-time imaging in viable slices of human lung tumors, we revealed that the density and the orientation of the stromal extracellular matrix likely play key roles in controlling the migration of T cells. Active T cell motility, dependent on chemokines but not on β1 or β2 integrins, was observed in loose fibronectin and collagen regions, whereas T cells migrated poorly in dense matrix areas. Aligned fibers in perivascular regions and around tumor epithelial cell regions dictated the migratory trajectory of T cells and restricted them from entering tumor islets. Consistently, matrix reduction with collagenase increased the ability of T cells to contact cancer cells. Thus, the stromal extracellular matrix influences antitumor immunity by controlling the positioning and migration of T cells. Understanding the mechanisms by which this collagen network is generated has the potential to aid in the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Salmon
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
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Du C, Wang Y. The immunoregulatory mechanisms of carcinoma for its survival and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2011; 30:12. [PMID: 21255410 PMCID: PMC3031251 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The immune system in patients detects and eliminates tumor cells, but tumors still progress persistently. The mechanisms by which tumor cells survive under the pressure of immune surveillance are not fully understood. This review is to present the evidence from clinical studies, showing a significant correlation of clinicopathological features of carcinoma with: (1) the loss of classical human leukocyte antigen class I, (2) the up-regulation of non-classical human leukocyte antigen class I, pro-apoptotic Fas ligand and receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells I, and (3) the formation of immunosuppressive microenvironment by up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta, Galectin-1, inhibitory ligand B7s, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and arginase, as well as by recruitment of tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells. All of these factors may together protect carcinoma cells from the immune-cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigan Du
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Lampen MH, Verweij MC, Querido B, van der Burg SH, Wiertz EJHJ, van Hall T. CD8+ T cell responses against TAP-inhibited cells are readily detected in the human population. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:6508-17. [PMID: 20980626 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Target cell recognition by CTLs depends on the presentation of peptides by HLA class I molecules. Tumors and herpes viruses have adopted strategies to greatly hamper this peptide presentation at the important bottleneck, the peptide transporter TAP. Previously, we described the existence of a CD8(+) CTL subpopulation that selectively recognizes such TAP-deficient cells in mouse models. In this study, we show that the human counterpart of this CTL subset is readily detectable in healthy subjects. Autologous PBMC cultures were initiated with dendritic cells rendered TAP-impaired by gene transfer of the viral evasion molecule UL49.5. Strikingly, specific reactivity to B-LCLs expressing one of the other viral TAP-inhibitors (US6, ICP47, or BNLF2a) was already observed after three rounds of stimulation. These short-term T cell cultures and isolated CD8(+) CTL clones derived thereof did not recognize the normal B-LCL, indicating that the cognate peptide-epitopes emerge at the cell surface upon an inhibition in the MHC class I processing pathway. A diverse set of TCRs was used by the clones, and the cellular reactivity was TCR-dependent and HLA class I-restricted, implying the involvement of a broad antigenic peptide repertoire. Our data indicate that the human CD8(+) T cell pool comprises a diverse reactivity to target cells with impairments in the intracellular processing pathway, and these might be exploited for cancers that are associated with such defects and for infections with immune-evading herpes viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit H Lampen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Qin Y, Verdegaal EME, Siderius M, Bebelman JP, Smit MJ, Leurs R, Willemze R, Tensen CP, Osanto S. Quantitative expression profiling of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in metastatic melanoma: the constitutively active orphan GPCR GPR18 as novel drug target. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2010; 24:207-18. [PMID: 20880198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2010.00781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been implicated in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of human cancers and are considered amongst the most desirable targets for drug development. Utilizing a robust quantitative PCR array, we quantified expression of 94 human GPCRs, including 75 orphan GPCRs and 19 chemokine receptors, and 36 chemokine ligands, in 40 melanoma metastases from different individuals and benign nevi. Inter-metastatic site comparison revealed that orphan GPR174 and CCL28 are statistically significantly overexpressed in subcutaneous metastases, while P2RY5 is overexpressed in brain metastases. Comparison between metastases (all three metastatic sites) and benign nevi revealed that 16 genes, including six orphan receptors (GPR18, GPR34, GPR119, GPR160, GPR183 and P2RY10) and chemokine receptors CCR5, CXCR4, and CXCR6, were statistically significantly differentially expressed. Subsequent functional experiments in yeast and melanoma cells indicate that GPR18, the most abundantly overexpressed orphan GPCR in all melanoma metastases, is constitutively active and inhibits apoptosis, indicating an important role for GPR18 in tumor cell survival. GPR18 and five other orphan GPCRs with yet unknown biological function may be considered potential novel anticancer targets in metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Van den Heuvel MM, Burgers SA, van Zandwijk N. Immunotherapy in Non–Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma: From Inflammation to Vaccination. Clin Lung Cancer 2009; 10:99-105. [DOI: 10.3816/clc.2009.n.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Humar M, Maurer M, Azemar M, Groner B. DNA vaccination with a mutated p53 allele induces specific cytolytic T cells and protects against tumor cell growth and the formation of metastasis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 135:567-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-008-0491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Al-Shibli KI, Donnem T, Al-Saad S, Persson M, Bremnes RM, Busund LT. Prognostic effect of epithelial and stromal lymphocyte infiltration in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:5220-7. [PMID: 18698040 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The major value of prognostic markers in potentially curable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) should be to guide therapy after surgical resection. In this regard, the patients' immune status at the time of resection may be important and also measurable. The immune system has paradoxical roles during cancer development. However, the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is controversial. The aim of this study is to elucidate the prognostic significance of epithelial and stromal lymphocyte infiltration in NSCLC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tissue microarrays from 335 resected NSCLC, stage I to IIIA were constructed from duplicate cores of viable and representative neoplastic epithelial and stromal areas. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the epithelial and stromal CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ lymphocytes. RESULTS In univariate analyses, increasing numbers of epithelial CD8+ (P = 0.023), stromal CD8+ (P = 0.002), epithelial CD20+ (P = 0.023), stromal CD20+ (P < 0.001), and stromal CD4+ (P < 0.001) lymphocytes correlated significantly with an improved disease-specific survival. No such relation was noted for epithelial CD4+ cells. Furthermore, a low level of stromal CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration was associated with an increased incidence of angiolymphatic invasion (P = 0.032). In multivariate analyses, a high number of stromal CD8+ (P = 0.043) and CD4+ (P = 0.002) cells were independent positive prognostic factors for disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS High densities of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the stroma are independent positive prognostic indicators for resected NSCLC patients. This may suggest that these cells are mediating a strong antitumor immune response in NSCLC.
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